Urban Planning
Ali Zanghiabadi; Mahin Nastaran; Ziba Momeni
Volume 20, Issue 56 , August 2016, , Pages 149-169
Abstract
One of the subjects that most cities of the world are faced to it is the subject of natural occurance the crisis management is necessary. for the quick and correct performance of decisions to reduce the hurt and their effects before, during and after the natural occurrences.This management is related ...
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One of the subjects that most cities of the world are faced to it is the subject of natural occurance the crisis management is necessary. for the quick and correct performance of decisions to reduce the hurt and their effects before, during and after the natural occurrences.This management is related to planning, urban management and also geography.Using the urbanism principles such us texture, urban structure,and use of urban lands, relation networks and urban substructures and so on,we can reduce the effects of natural occurrences a lot.The goal of this study is the spatial allocation of temporary settlement centers in the district six of Isfahan city in environmental crisis using GIS and the correct management of the past, during and after the crisis. The methodology of the research is descriptive and analytical that using the technique of AHP and using the graphic software ARC/GIS to provide the map and spatial allocation of temporary settlement centers, the problems of the parks and the rescue centers of the district six of Isfahan city with the crisis management have been researched. The kind of research from the point of goal is application.The results show that 1) The parks don’t have suitable numbers and distribution. 2) The rescue centers don’t have suitable numbers and distribution. 3) Also they face to lack of the equipments and installations For this reason, some programs have been offered to Power the district six of Isfahan city against the destructive effects of the occurrences from the point of crisis management. Based on the results of this research using the upper technique and regarding the various standards such as the distribution of electricity centers, fire station cure centers, fuel centers and so on in district six of Isfahan city, the suitable regions of temporary settlement have been recognized and preferred.
Climatology
Ali Mohammad Khorshiddoust; saeed jahanbakhshasl; zahra abbasighasrik; fatemeh abbasighasrik
Abstract
Today, long-term forecasting of climate variables has received much attention in order to be aware of the extent of change and, consequently, to take the necessary measures to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. In this study, minimum temperatures in Kurdistan province were predicted using ...
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Today, long-term forecasting of climate variables has received much attention in order to be aware of the extent of change and, consequently, to take the necessary measures to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. In this study, minimum temperatures in Kurdistan province were predicted using LARS-WG6 downscaling for the next three 20-year periods (2040-2021, 2060-2041, 2080-2061). For this purpose, the HadGEM2-ES general circulation model and three scenarios of RCP8.5, RCP4.5 and RCP2.6 were used. To generate the time series of future periods, daily data for the statistical period 1989-2019 were used and the trend of its changes was analyzed using Mann-Kendall test. The results showed that LARS-WG6 software simulates the minimum values of the minimum temperature well with low error indicators. Also, based on the results of the HadGM2-ES global model output in the study area, the minimum temperature in the future period will be higher than the base period in all scenarios and periods. The intensity of this increase under the RCP8.5 scenario is related to the last period of the century (2080-2061) and its lesser extent is related to the period (2060-2041) under the RCP4.5 scenario. Examination of seasonal averages also shows that spring has a lower temperature increase and autumn has a higher temperature increase. The trend of changes shows that the trend is positive and negative in both directions, so that in most stations and scenarios in different forecast periods, spring will have the most positive trend and autumn will have the most negative trend. Therefore, it can be concluded that the temperature will increase in future periods and the effect of cold waves will decrease.
Rural Planning
Hamdollah Sojasi Qidari
Abstract
This study, has tried to express the quality of environment using theoretical conceptions in rural areas. The guide plan impacts on quality of rural environment was assessed through environmental quality indexes and criteria. The study methodology is based on library documents and experimental approach ...
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This study, has tried to express the quality of environment using theoretical conceptions in rural areas. The guide plan impacts on quality of rural environment was assessed through environmental quality indexes and criteria. The study methodology is based on library documents and experimental approach that was used in 17 rural areas of north and south Fendresk district of Ramyan county in the form of 359 cases of sample community. The obtained results show that for the from index with 0.438; has maximum impacts and the functional index with 0.288 has the minimum impact of guide plan implementation from 3 dimensional components on quality of rural environment. Thus, it could be argued that the guide plans have been carried out with formal and physical approaches in rural areas and their formal effectiveness is more than the functional one and functional changes in rural area as well.
Urban Planning
Mohammad Taleai; Meysam Aghamohammadi; Mohammad Karimi; Ghasem Javadi
Abstract
Rapid, irregular and unbalanced growth of the world population during past years, particularly in developing countries, have been caused many problems in the areas of environmental, economic, social and cultural for urban planners. These situations request new methods and tools to model and predict urban ...
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Rapid, irregular and unbalanced growth of the world population during past years, particularly in developing countries, have been caused many problems in the areas of environmental, economic, social and cultural for urban planners. These situations request new methods and tools to model and predict urban future changes. Due to simple and dynamic structure and utilizing spatial characteristics, Cellular Automation (CA) model widely uses in spatial-temporal modeling problems such as urban extension. This paper develops a Fuzzy-CA method to model urban extension. In conventional CA method, state and position of pixels and transition rules are defined certainly. The definitive expression of components of the complex processes needs a large amount of data. However in most cases accurate data are not available. As a result, integration of CA method and fuzzy theory would be useful to model urban extension. In this paper a Fuzzy-CA method is developed and tested in Shiraz city between the years 2004 to 2009. The results of the proposed method show 80% accuracy in comparison to real data have been captured from satellite images. However, an accuracy of 75% has been reported for this case study with utilizing conventional cellular automation.
Rural Planning
Mohammad Zaheri; Nahid Kargar
Abstract
Abstract The spatial and functional interrelationships between cities and surrounding areas, including rural areas in their influence on districts, gradually lead to different changes in different cases. One of these phenomena is spatial mobility (positional movement) of population from village to urban ...
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Abstract The spatial and functional interrelationships between cities and surrounding areas, including rural areas in their influence on districts, gradually lead to different changes in different cases. One of these phenomena is spatial mobility (positional movement) of population from village to urban areas. Considering the effect of the village-urban migration, it is quite clear that the population, economy and villages physical structure will change. The present study discusses the changes in demographics, economics and the physical structure of rural settlements in east Tabriz which have been taken based on the village residency. Moreover, an attention has been paid to the root causes of such formation. This article is based on field studies (direct observation, various questionnaires and interviews with experts).The ultimate goal of the present study is the applied one, because it is aimed at understanding the physical changes, demographic and economic way to provide optimal solutions. The results of this article revealed that the interactive effect of the spatial and functional interrelationships between Tabriz metropolitan and under study villages has had a major role in the development of population, economy and physical changes of villages. Among this, ungovernable extension of Tabriz and existence of problems like high costs of life and livelihood problems, high price of land and settlement, excessive air pollution, are the educator elements on the contrary of the low cost of land and settlement, clean air in villages and existence of equipment of transport and the suitable roads in the under study villages which acts as a suction element and actuates some of the urban people to settle in the stated villages.
Geomorphology
Rafat Shahmari
Abstract
Open the mountains of effort (north-south) as well as its geographical position has caused to the natural environment on the slopes of the mountains efforts (east-west) are different. The difference between natural features could, in the proximity of water catchment area in the long term a major impact ...
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Open the mountains of effort (north-south) as well as its geographical position has caused to the natural environment on the slopes of the mountains efforts (east-west) are different. The difference between natural features could, in the proximity of water catchment area in the long term a major impact on the performance of morphodynamic have some water basins. The most significant of these effects, the phenomenon of regressive erosion in the eastern slopes of the mountains efforts in the area of perplexity, the Parliament, Dgrman cache and Aq tea is occurring and its effects on the ridge area to capture some of the Western slopes overlooking river Ardabil plain obvious, that if this process is to expand the most impact and potential damage to water resources will Ardabil plain and subsequent irreparable consequences.The results showed. On the eastern slopes of the mountains efforts in particular, Dgrman basins cache and Aq tea most regressive erosion is taking place. As the ground levels in 1436 and 1404 and 1405 and 1360 and 1348 and 1350 m events captivity rivers occurred, and, if this is in the not too distant future water resources villages Granny bound, head head, Rpatph and blue Bigelow around Ardabil Airport and even much of the Middle Eastern desertcoming to the Caspian Sea.
Urban Planning
mojtaba rusta; zahra sahraeian; mojtaba rafiyan
Volume 22, Issue 65 , November 2018, , Pages 163-182
Abstract
In this study, the spatial analysis of building violations in the period 93-1388 was arranged. Research methods analytical and TvshAy it is applied. The required data were collected through documentary and field studies. shown, therefore, the sample size is calculated with Cochran formula and 210 ...
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In this study, the spatial analysis of building violations in the period 93-1388 was arranged. Research methods analytical and TvshAy it is applied. The required data were collected through documentary and field studies. shown, therefore, the sample size is calculated with Cochran formula and 210 people for your special infringement cases referred to the Commission NmvdhAnd the material 100 municipalities, were selected by simple random sampling and questionnaire Mhqq made, information is collected and analyzed. The results show that in the period studied, the building violations has been increasing. On the other hand, building violations in the North and East and West MhdvdhHay the outskirts of the city, including sectors that are in the path of urban development, urban and horizontal expansion led to PrakndhRvyy. Also, the opinions issued by the Commission of Article 100 of the present study indicate that the most verdict in the municipal building violations, fines (up 80 percent) were by offenders.
Rural Planning
Mostafa Taleshi; Kumars Khodapanah; Mohsen Aghayari Hir
Volume 22, Issue 64 , September 2018, , Pages 169-188
Abstract
Rural development programs are part of the country's development plans that are used to transform the socio-economic development of the rural community. This is becoming more pronounced among Third World countries, where governments play a major role in restructuring society in order to coordinate with ...
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Rural development programs are part of the country's development plans that are used to transform the socio-economic development of the rural community. This is becoming more pronounced among Third World countries, where governments play a major role in restructuring society in order to coordinate with specific political and economic objectives. Therefore, rural development goals are not limited to one section, but rather improvements in productivity, increase Employment, food security, housing and education and health.Sustainable development is one of the most important and most effective economic instruments to achieve the desired level of growth and movement towards productive and trusted economies, which refers to the transformation of economic, social, cultural and environmental sustainability for the long-term welfare of the whole society. In this regard, one of the ways to move towards sustainable development in the current situation of villages is to pay attention to tourism. Tourism has many branches and species. One of its kinds is rural tourism, which includes a wide range of attractions and activities defined in agricultural or non-urban areas and competes with other tourism sectors such as coastal and urban tourism. According to the above, the current research is conducted with the general purpose of measuring and assessing the sustainability levels of rural areas around tourism centers in Ardebil and seeking to answer this question. What is the level of sustainability of rural development in the tourism centers of Ardebil?
Geomorphology
shahram roostaei; Davod Mokhtari; Christineh Jananeh
Abstract
IntroductionSlope instabilities are one of the most distinctive types of geomorphic hazards that are exacerbated by human interference and threaten most of the human installations, especially mountainous highways and impose heavy costs on the government and local residents. Each year, slope instabilities ...
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IntroductionSlope instabilities are one of the most distinctive types of geomorphic hazards that are exacerbated by human interference and threaten most of the human installations, especially mountainous highways and impose heavy costs on the government and local residents. Each year, slope instabilities cause enormous economic damages to highway, railways, power transmission and communication lines, irrigation and watering canals, ore extraction, as well as oil and gas refining installations, infrastructures in cities, factories and industrial centers, dams, artificial and natural lakes, forests, pastures and natural resources, farms, residential areas and villages or threaten them. Nowadays, many instabilities are resulted by human intervention and manipulations. One of the effective human factors in instability occurrence is the construction of highway. Highway construction, especially in mountainous areas, increases the probability of occurrence of various types of instabilities, as it changes the natural balance of the slopes and causes deformations in the land. Each year, lots of casualties and financial losses are imposed by the occurrence of various types of instabilities in the slopes overlooking the highways, which also cause the destruction of many natural resources in the country. However, the construction of roads, highways and freeways is necessary and unavoidable in today’s life.The Tehran-North highway will be the route that connect the Iran’s capital Tehran with the southern shores of the Caspian Sea.Materials and methodsThis contribution aims to study slope instabilities along this highway using logistic regression method. In this regard, layers of 14 effective factors were identified, comprised of elevation classes, slope, aspect, geology, land use, precipitation, distance from fault, river and highway, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), climate, slope length (LS), stream power index (SPI) and topographic wetness index (TWI). Consequently, maps of the factors responsible for instabilities were prepared as separate layers in the GIS environment and transferred into the Idrisi software. The whole procedure included: (1) preparation of digital elevation model (DEM), river and fault layers based on the 1:25,000 topographic map of the area, as well as distance maps from rivers and faults, (2) creating slope and aspect maps from DEM, (3) preparation of land use and NDVI maps of the region based on unmatched classification of Landsat 8 image of OLI sensor, (4) preparation of geological map, (5) preparation of precipitation and climate layers based on the information obtained from the meteorological organization, (6) creating LS, SPI and TWI layers based on the DEM, (7) conversion of the distribution data of the regional instabilities using Landsat satellite and Google Earth images, (8) correlating the information layers with the regional instability map and calculating their density per unit area, and (9) performing the logistic regression model using Terrset software.Result and discussionResults obtained by applying logistic regression model showed that the most important factors affecting slope instabilities in the Tehran-Soleghan highway area are distance from fault and climate. 27.14% of the Soleghan highway area possesses medium to high potential for instabilities, within which 86.26% of the instabilities have occurred. Furthermore, 4.57% of the Soleghan highway area shows very high risk in terms of instability occurrence, encompassing 61% of the occurred instabilities. According to the prepared maps, the middle and southern parts and a small section in the north of the Tehran-Soleghan highway area have the highest potential for instability occurrence. The high value of the ROC index and its proximity to the end value of 1 indicates that instabilities strongly correlate with the probability values derived from the logistic regression model. Additionally, the assessment of the instability potential map by the SCAI index showed that there is a high correlation between the prepared risk maps and the occurred instabilities, which have been confirmed by field surveys. The obtained results are in a good agreement with the general opinion that SCAI decreases especially in high and very high risk classes and indicates a high correlation between the prepared risk maps and the occurred instabilities and field surveys in study areas.ConclusionFinally, it can be mentioned that the logistic regression model is suitable for preparing the zonation of the probability of instability occurrence along the edges of the studied highway. As a final conclusion, it can be concluded that in addition to natural factors, the- human-made factors and particularly unsystematic highway construction can play an important role in the instability occurrences on the slopes overlooking the highway and in order to reduce the relative risks and increase the stability of the slopes, it is necessary to avoid manipulating the ecosystem and changing the current land use as much as possible, in addition to policy making for constructions in accordance with geomorphological and geological features of the area.
Volume 16, Issue 39 , May 2012, , Pages 171-178
Tahere Jalali Ansaroodi; Aliakbar Rasouli; Fatemeh Sarafrouzeh; Marzieh Esmaeilpour
Volume 19, Issue 51 , April 2015, , Pages 171-191
Abstract
In this paper, Nisan rainfalls of East Azerbaijan Province in the period of 1980 to 2009 were investigated. Initially changes of Nisan rainfalls trend were analyzed using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and Sen's estimator slope that are the most common methods of non-parametric tests. In order ...
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In this paper, Nisan rainfalls of East Azerbaijan Province in the period of 1980 to 2009 were investigated. Initially changes of Nisan rainfalls trend were analyzed using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and Sen's estimator slope that are the most common methods of non-parametric tests. In order to predict changes of Nisan rainfalls in the next years, ARMA time series model was used. The results indicated that according to non-parametric tests in the study period, time series of Nisan rainfalls have no trend in none of the stations except Azarshahr. After reviewing of different patterns of ARMA model, proportional model for each station was selected based on Akaike information criterion (ACI) and, the Nisan rainfalls in East Azerbaijan Province were predicted for next 10 years. The accuracy of models was confirmed based on normality tests for residuals of the model and RMSE
Mohammadrahim Rahnema; Baratali Khakpour; Mojtaba Sadeghi
Volume 16, Issue 42 , March 2013, , Pages 173-198
Abstract
This paper considers the distance between the present situation (present management of Mashhad) and optimum situation (urban strategic management) as a fundamental concern, and then conveys the theoretical basis related to strategy paradigm and strategic management. It, with the help of SWOT[1] model, ...
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This paper considers the distance between the present situation (present management of Mashhad) and optimum situation (urban strategic management) as a fundamental concern, and then conveys the theoretical basis related to strategy paradigm and strategic management. It, with the help of SWOT[1] model, identifies weakens, strengths, opportunities, and threats existed in metropolis Mashhad for strategic management of this city. It suggests suitable management for stable management in this city. Priority is one of topics is followed. The method of this paper is descriptive and analytical so that the required information (weakens, strengths, opportunities, and threats) is gathered by urban experts (21 experts) and citizens (384 citizens). In the process of analysis of strategic management of Mashhad metropolis, we used internal factor evaluation matrix (IFE)[2], External factor evaluation matrix (EFE)[3], Internal-External matrix (IE)[4] and Quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM)[5]. The findings show that the strategic management in Mashhad metropolis doesn't have a suitable place. If urban management wants to start its move toward an urban strategic management, it should prefer the strategies of defending group (Weakness& Threat (WT)[6] based on the decrease of weak points and the avoid of threats. They are as follows:
1- Solving problems and daily urban crises
2- Increase of synergy urban management
3- Keep the stability of urban systems instead of its evolution
[1]- S (Strength), W (Weakness), O (Opportunity), T (Threat).
[2]- Internal factor evaluation matrix.
[3]- External factor evaluation matrix.
[4]- Internal-External matrix.
[5]- Quantitative strategic planning matrix.
[6]- W (Weakness), T (Threat).
Rural Planning
Gholamhossein Abdollahzadeh; alireza azhdar por; mohammad sharif sharif zadeh
Volume 23, Issue 67 , April 2019, , Pages 173-195
Abstract
This research aimed to identify factor influencing on immigration decision among rural people of Zabol County. Descriptive analytical research method based on questionnaire survey was used. The target population includes 26034 of rural households in Zabol County, and using Cochran formula 170 households ...
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This research aimed to identify factor influencing on immigration decision among rural people of Zabol County. Descriptive analytical research method based on questionnaire survey was used. The target population includes 26034 of rural households in Zabol County, and using Cochran formula 170 households selected as samples of this research. A questionnaire was used in order to collect data and its face and content validity was verified based on comments from faculty members and local experts and its reliability was confirmed according to calculate Cronbach's alpha for immigration tendency (0.75), urban attractions (0.83) and rural repulsion (0.91). The results of path analysis showed that variables “education” (with path coefficient 0.691) have most impact on final dependent variable immigration tendency. Variables such “income (-0.511)” “destination attraction (0.463)”, “origin repulsion (0.373)”, “land ownership (-0.363)”, “gender for men (0.308)”, “Job situation for employees (-0.274)”, “staying time (-0.240)” and “marriage situation for married person (0.1207)”, “local organization membership (-0.150)”, “immigration of family member (0.093)”, “age (-0.072) and “family member (-0.068) are in next rank.
Urban Planning
ataollah zarafshan; Mohammadreza Pourmohammadi; Esmail Nasiri; Seyyed Mahdi Moasa Kazemi
Abstract
Introduction Changes in urbanization after the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of modernism in urban planning have destroyed the traditional elements and structures of cities, and functional zoning has replaced the organic system and functional diversity of cities and urban neighborhoods. Based ...
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Introduction Changes in urbanization after the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of modernism in urban planning have destroyed the traditional elements and structures of cities, and functional zoning has replaced the organic system and functional diversity of cities and urban neighborhoods. Based on this division, a special space was provided for each of the city's functions so that their performance did not interfere with each other and did not disturb each other. Because cities are complex, complex, and multifunctional systems, limiting them to four functions and separating them through segregation and zoning has reduced the efficiency of cities and thus imposed many problems on cities. Following the criticism of this model, postmodern urbanism was introduced, in which a kind of nostalgia for the past, lost truth, and the search for the lost meaning can be seen. Postmodernists are interested in mixing urban lands to enliven urban neighborhoods, emphasizing pluralism. Today, land use - the immediate vicinity of homes, places of activity and services in buildings, neighborhoods of mixed use and urban areas - has become an important principle for the good urban shape in the 21st century. In Iran, with the beginning of developments in the second half of the twentieth century, the city went out of its traditional form and took a step towards renewal and expansion. In the meantime, the city of Tabriz, as one of the most important historical cities in the country, has not been deprived of these developments. In this city, in addition to the traditional textures that have undergone changes, new areas have also been built around the criteria of modern urban designs. Poverty zones have also been added to the city without any plans. At present, it seems inevitable to return to the traditional concept of a neighborhood in order to achieve a sustainable and sustainable human city. Given the importance of this issue, this research firstly wants to measure the level of land use mix in different residential areas of Tabriz in the current situation and secondly it wants to know whether mixing land use in urban areas can be an incentive for pedestrians be on top of most residents? Methodology The type of research in this paper is practical and its review method is analytical-comparative. The data collection method has been performed both in the library and in the field. To measure the mixing of land uses, first, urban land uses in the study areas were classified into six categories: 1) residential land uses, 2) commercial land uses, 3) administrative and law enforcement land uses, 4) Cultural uses and leisure, 5) General uses such as educational use, health use and 6) Other uses. Then, through the entropy index and the Atkinson index, the amount of mixing in each of the three tissue tissues was calculated. Also, 588 people were selected using the Cochran's formula and the necessary information was collected through a questionnaire to collect the level of desire to access each user on foot in the neighborhoods of the study areas. The instrument for measuring the questionnaire was a 7-item questionnaire that included a five-item Likert scale that assessed respondents' views on how much they wanted to access different uses on foot. Finally, the relationship between the degree of desire to access pedestrians and the level of mixing of users through Pearson correlation coefficient was evaluated. Results and discussion Based on the two main components of this research, namely pedestrian and mixed use, the neighborhoods of traditional, modern and unplanned textures in Tabriz metropolitan area were compared, the results of which revealed many differences between different neighborhoods. According to the calculation of the Entropy index and the Atkinson index, the average land use mixed in traditional texture neighborhoods is 0.673 and 0.588, respectively; This indicates that land use mixed is more common in traditional neighborhoods than in modern and unplanned textile neighborhoods. Of course, there is a large gap between the use of mixed among the neighborhoods of traditional textures. The difference between the Entropy Index and the Atkinson Index in calculating the mixing rate is that the Atkinson Index shows a gap between the higher availability and changes in the ranking of some neighborhoods. In examining the relationship between the tendency of pedestrians to access the required land uses and the level of mixing of land uses in different contexts, different results were obtained. The result was a very high correlation between the two variables of mixed use and the tendency to access pedestrians in traditional tissue neighborhoods, but this correlation is less common between modern tissue and unplanned neighborhoods. Thus, neighborhoods of traditional textures, despite their physical problems (such as wear and tear, lack of proper infrastructure), are still considered human-oriented neighborhoods where the human scale prevails. Conclusion The results of this study are in line with most of the research conducted in this field, with the exception of one case mentioned in the background of the research. Jun and Hur believe that despite the strengthening of the centralized sidewalk with increasing land use mixing, other variables such as the prevailing social and economic conditions, such as poverty and insecurity, could affect the relationship between land use mix and the central sidewalk. In general, it can be noted that this research can have a small but important contribution to the impact of physical elements on the social environment. However, according to the dimensions of the study area, its findings cannot be generalized. Because multiple and complex factors can affect the level of social behavior of neighborhood residents. Therefore, various variables such as social, economic, and political factors can be studied in relation to the effect of the physical environment on the social behavior of citizens
Hamidreza Varesi; Hoshang Sarvar; Omid Mobaraki; Mahdi Abdolahzadeh
Volume 16, Issue 40 , September 2012, , Pages 175-199
Abstract
The ecotourism is one kinds of natural Tourism. That has emphasis on interaction with nature environment for protection and education. In reality ecotourism is new orientation in tourism industry. The prospects and nature beautiful sight is be tourist attractions this kind tourism.
On the basis of estimates ...
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The ecotourism is one kinds of natural Tourism. That has emphasis on interaction with nature environment for protection and education. In reality ecotourism is new orientation in tourism industry. The prospects and nature beautiful sight is be tourist attractions this kind tourism.
On the basis of estimates of existing Iran country from the perspective natural and historical tourism attractive is one of ten country of world, and from the perspective tourism variety is one of five country of world, and from the perspective manual industries verity is component two or three country of world. Ardabil province is one of regions that have ecotourism attractiveness. This province have new view, plains, leaks, ponds, many waterfall, mineral spring, mountainous, and is one of regional of ecotourism. The purpose in this research is assessment of ecotourism attractive Ardabil province with use from SWOT analysis model and the approach method is compound, documental and containing analysis, the results of the research show that this province have capacity of to be changed with one from natural tourism regional. And in this province is felling necessity of tourism development with axis of ecotourism in target of creating with sustainable development.
gholamreza Dinpanah
Volume 18, Issue 50 , February 2015, , Pages 175-188
Abstract
Large earthquakes usually cause huge damages to human life. Street network vulnerability makes the rescue operation to encounter serious difficulties especially at the first 72 hours after the incident. Today, physical expansion and high density of great cities, due to no attention to hierarchical street ...
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Large earthquakes usually cause huge damages to human life. Street network vulnerability makes the rescue operation to encounter serious difficulties especially at the first 72 hours after the incident. Today, physical expansion and high density of great cities, due to no attention to hierarchical street network, narrow access roads, large distance from medical care centers and location at areas with high seismic risk, would lead to a perilous and unpredictable situation in case of the earthquake. Occurrence of earthquakes with large magnitude would destroy the functionality of street networks and cause large amount of casualties and major financial damages. In Tabriz city, the areas of first and fifth zones are equal to 3327 hectares. The area of first and fifth zones is over 2844 and 483 ha respectively. According to current estimates, the population of these zones is equal to over 458939 people. In this research using 12 indexes such as: land use, width of roads, height of buildings, street inclusion, population and construction density, buildings area, quality, materials and antiquity of building, access to medical centers, distance and proximity to major faults vulnerability degree of street networks in zones 1 and 5 of detailed plan of Tabriz against the earthquake is calculated through overlaying maps and data in combination with IHWP method and GIS. The article concludes that buildings alongside the streets with high population and building density, low building quality, far to rescue centers and high level of inclusion represent high rate of vulnerability, compared with other buildings. Also highways and streets with substantial width and low building and population density hold little values of vulnerability. By moving on from east to west of the zones, the vulnerability increases. This vulnerability of streets is in high level in the central zones. Therefore, the existing street networks in the center will be unable to perform their role at the case of occurrence of earthquake.
Climatology
Broomand Salahie; Mahdei Aeli Jaham; Saiede Ainei; Jafar Derakshei
Abstract
The purpose of this study is forecasting the moderat and severs frost of three stations in Kermanshah, Kangavar and Sarpolezahab using output of the LARS-WG downscale model in the next two decades. The Input data's of models used in this study are: precipitation, minimum temperature, maximum temperature ...
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The purpose of this study is forecasting the moderat and severs frost of three stations in Kermanshah, Kangavar and Sarpolezahab using output of the LARS-WG downscale model in the next two decades. The Input data's of models used in this study are: precipitation, minimum temperature, maximum temperature and radiation in daily scale during the period 1992 - 2012. In the present study, using the output of two climate models, HADCM3 and BCM2 Under A1B Scenario, the initiation and end of the moderat and sever frost in these three periods 2030-2011, 2065-2046 and 2099-2080 have been evaluated. The results of the LARS-WG model process by the means of two Scheme Bcm2 and Hadcm3 indicate the warming of these stations in the coming years. The initiation of the moderat frost in these pointed stations is going to April by passing time. Between the stations in which are under study, Kangavar and Kermanshah stations have similar behavior but the Sarpolezahab station because of its tropic characteristic, showed a different behavior rather than the two stations in the coming years. The beginning of sever frost of these stations delayed with passing time and proceeds toward spring and in the other side, the end time of the last sever frost by passing time and getting close to the end of the anticipated period, is toward the beginning of winter and even at the Sarpole-zahab station until February. According to the results of the processing these models, the number of days with the moderat and sever frost in these stations will be dwindled in the coming years and the trend of temperature in these stations will be increased.
Climatology
esmaeil abbasi; mahdi khazayi
Volume 23, Issue 69 , December 2019, , Pages 175-190
Abstract
One of the most devastating phenomena of meteorology which varies extensively in spatial and temporal extent and manifests itself at various scales, is thunderstorms. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze such destructive storms over a period of 25 years (1986-2010) at the synoptic station ...
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One of the most devastating phenomena of meteorology which varies extensively in spatial and temporal extent and manifests itself at various scales, is thunderstorms. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze such destructive storms over a period of 25 years (1986-2010) at the synoptic station of Kermanshah. The data used in this research includes daily rainfall data and codes related to meteorological phenomena, dry temperature, dew point, relative humidity, wind direction and wind speed for calculation of instability indices, geopotential height parameters, specific humidity, vertical velocity, and zonal and meridional components. The results showed that during the statistical period of the study, three extreme thunderstorms occurred in the study area during the statistical period of 25 years. The study of instability indices indicates that these indices are in the strong and suitable category for the occurrence of thunderstorm phenomenon; in addition, the dynamics of the atmosphere at the time of the occurrence of this phenomenon indicates the presence of a very deep trough and negative abnormalities in the west of the studied region and positioning of the left half of the Jetstream of levels of 500 and 850 millimeters on the studied area. Following this phenomenon, the thunderstorm intensely affected the region by its destructive effects with the formation of clouds of cumulus and lightning, and finally, heavy rainfall. However, it should be mentioned that for two cases, that is, the phenomenon of February 4, 2007 and December 12, 1991, they experience a more unstable climate due to the average circulation patterns compared to the other identified case, i.e. the phenomenon of April 17, 1991.
Asghar Zarrabi; Jabbar Alizadeh Asl; Esa Bahari
Volume 18, Issue 48 , June 2014, , Pages 177-210
Abstract
Ecotourism is a branch of tourism which could change natural potentials and cultural characteristics into actual resources. It is obvious that, without knowing potential and actual powers of each region, planning and prediction is deemed impossible. In the face of this fact, current research seeks to ...
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Ecotourism is a branch of tourism which could change natural potentials and cultural characteristics into actual resources. It is obvious that, without knowing potential and actual powers of each region, planning and prediction is deemed impossible. In the face of this fact, current research seeks to identify advantages, disadvantages, opportunities, threats and strategies of ecotourism development in BandVillage, Urmia. This research aims at introducing BandVillage as one of touristic regions of West Azerbaijan, investigating issues and problems in terms of tourism facilities and infrastructures and ecotourism potentials and suggesting strategies regarding tackling ecotourism obstacles. Dominant approach to this research is descriptive, causal and of applied nature. To collect data, questionnaires were used and the population consisted of tourists who traveled to Band in summer 1388. To analyze data, SPSS was employed and ArcGIS software was used to draw maps. The statistical technique used in the research was Pearson correlation. Also, to analyze ecotourism potentials, SWOT model was used in order to augment the advantages and opportunities and to decrease disadvantages and threats. The findings indicate that:
- The more advertisement, the higher the umber of arriving tourists. The result from this relationship was 41% and showed acceptable and middle toward high relationship.
- The more the facilities and services, the more the satisfaction of tourists. In Band, the relationship between satisfaction of tourists and facilities and services was 36% showing middle toward low relationship.
- The evaluation of this region by SWOT model shows 35 disadvantages and threats and 25 advantages and opportunities which require serious attention of managers and macro and coherent planning in order to change disadvantages and threats into advantages and opportunities regarding ecotourism development in the study region.
Ali Soltani; Mahsa Zamiri
Volume 17, Issue 44 , September 2013, , Pages 179-201
Abstract
Investigation of factors affecting urban traveling is one of interested topics in urban transport research field. It is estimated that educational trips are around 30-40 percent of urban trips which are mostly dependent on parents' decision and behavior. A large body of research can be found exploring ...
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Investigation of factors affecting urban traveling is one of interested topics in urban transport research field. It is estimated that educational trips are around 30-40 percent of urban trips which are mostly dependent on parents' decision and behavior. A large body of research can be found exploring the impacts of urban form features such as density, land use and street network on students' travel. In this research, data on students' travel were collected throughout four residential neighbourhoods of Mashhad metropolitan area using a household questionnaire distributed randomly (n=328). These neighbourhoods were selected based on their physical and socio-economical characteristics. The data then were analyzed using statistical tests such as bi-variate correlation test, cross-tabulation and logit regression model as well as GIS. The results confirm that the significancy of differences exist among students living in different neighbourhoods. Household income and students' age were showed to be the most influential factors in choosing the mode of travel. Having a parking space available at home place was also an important factor for modal split, while it was mainly dependent on household economic status and the quality of residence. Therefore, it can be claimed that household income is the most important factor to choose a mode for educational trips regardless of residence location.
Climatology
Behrooz Sari Sarraf; Shoaieb Abkharabat
Volume 23, Issue 68 , September 2019, , Pages 179-193
Abstract
As a core of wind speed, Low Level Jet (LLJ) of the Persian Gulf is made on the Persian Gulf and its surrounding in the low levels of the atmosphere during the hot period of the year. Known as north wind, this jet appears in the body of a more extensive current of wind with the northern, northwestern, ...
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As a core of wind speed, Low Level Jet (LLJ) of the Persian Gulf is made on the Persian Gulf and its surrounding in the low levels of the atmosphere during the hot period of the year. Known as north wind, this jet appears in the body of a more extensive current of wind with the northern, northwestern, southern, southeastern direction. North wind often blows from the mountainous regions of Turkey and Iran to the southern regions. Except for topographic reasons, the formation of this wind is influenced by hollow topography of low regions of Mesopotamia and Khouzestan appearing as a corridor. Reaching the Persian Gulf, this phenomenon is intensified as the water area of the Persian Gulf is besieged as a low hollow by Zagros Mountains and Arabic Peninsula aggravating the wind.
Mostafa Golchin; Masood Jalali
Volume 17, Issue 45 , November 2013, , Pages 183-202
Abstract
Iran has a dry land with very small amount of precipitation so that its average rainfall is less than one third of average rainfall in the world. Nowadays, with increase in population demand for food increased. Therefore, utilization of water resources extended much more than the past. This amount of ...
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Iran has a dry land with very small amount of precipitation so that its average rainfall is less than one third of average rainfall in the world. Nowadays, with increase in population demand for food increased. Therefore, utilization of water resources extended much more than the past. This amount of consumption was more than the amount of ground water resources. In other words, input source become less than output. Therefore shortage of ground water resources should be compensated through artificial recharge of ground water resources.
The purpose of this study is zoning watershed for artificial recharge ground water. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is one of the most efficient techniques designed to multiple criteria decision making. This technique allows formulation of complex issues as hierarchy and also provides the possibility to consider various quantitative and qualitative criteria in question. To ensure the final results, potential layer of study area was provided in raster calculator, weighed overlay and weighted sum methods. The results show that among the three methods mentioned above raster calculator method allocated the maximum of area to high potential against weighed overlay that allocated the minimum area. But the weighted sum method is between the two methods and results of its confidence are higher. Among these, zones with highest potential are based on more coarse alluvial sediments and most areas with the highest density and zones with lowest potential both coincide with highest altitutes with the lowest penetration and steep slope and the low areas with high density of gypsum deposits and high rate of evaporation and temperature. The results of this study can be used in environmental management of groundwater resources and also the fruitful exploitation of optimal design of water resources and prevention of over exploitation of which can be productive.
Climatology
amanollah fathnia; hamid rahimi; Shoaieb Abkharabat
Abstract
Siberian high pressure (SHP) is synoptic system that during the autumn and winter seasons on Asia is religious (Msaudian and Kaviani, 2009: 15). In the cold term of the year, the vast Siberian territory due to the clear sky and away from water sources, the more energy through the long wave radiation ...
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Siberian high pressure (SHP) is synoptic system that during the autumn and winter seasons on Asia is religious (Msaudian and Kaviani, 2009: 15). In the cold term of the year, the vast Siberian territory due to the clear sky and away from water sources, the more energy through the long wave radiation loses, thereupon the around air of land gradually adjacent to becomes cold high-pressure center.
Urban Planning
Mohammad Soleymani; Narges Ahmadifard; Asghar Rashid Ebrahni Hesari; Saeed Zanganeh Shahri
Volume 19, Issue 52 , June 2015, , Pages 185-204
Abstract
The urban sustainable development is economic efficiency, social justice and environmental preservation so one of the its important conditions is utilization from urban land, otherwise cities suffer from urban sprawl. So far, several models are presented for understanding the form of city and its dispersion ...
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The urban sustainable development is economic efficiency, social justice and environmental preservation so one of the its important conditions is utilization from urban land, otherwise cities suffer from urban sprawl. So far, several models are presented for understanding the form of city and its dispersion measure. This research attempts to analyze urban spraw lof Tehran by different models such as urban density, the quartile distribution, temperature distribution, balance, concentration and temperature Holdrn model in different decades, and then considers the impact of government programs for different factors of urban sprawl. Reslts showed that with the lack of efficient management of land and illegal discrimination in Tehran there is urban sprael. Therefore, according to the principles of sustainable urban development Tehran can push toward sustainability. But, policies can control further spread of this phenomenon in Tehran and in all cities of the country.
Geomorphology
musa abedini; shahram roostaei; Mohammad Hossein Fathi
Volume 22, Issue 66 , January 2019, , Pages 187-205
Abstract
Diagnosis and classification of landslides is a critical need in the risk analysis before and after the disaster. And primarily through land surveying or traditional interpretation of images was done. In this paper to identify and classify types of object-oriented approach landslide has been paid. The ...
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Diagnosis and classification of landslides is a critical need in the risk analysis before and after the disaster. And primarily through land surveying or traditional interpretation of images was done. In this paper to identify and classify types of object-oriented approach landslide has been paid. The data used in this study consisted of false color images obtained from satellite data Resourcesat-1 with spatial resolution of 5.8 meters and digital elevation models with 2.5-meter resolution satellite image of 10 meters of Cartosat-1 was used. This method was used for the North West basin and then used without further reforms in the eastern part of the basin. A total of three sliding using this method accurately identified 71.11% and 91.4% classification accuracy has been detected. In this way, the landslide early detection of high accuracy and speed, hence has great potential to assist in risk analysis, disaster management and decision making process after the earthquake or heavy rainfall, can be used related entities, including crisis management headquarters, natural resources and watershed institutions.
