GIS&RS
Firouz Jafari; Fatemeh Movahed
Abstract
INTRODUCTIONExtraction and processing of various features with the help of aerial imagery reduces the time and financial costs associated with the use of ground mapping and the resulting human error. Advances in the field of aerial sensors in terms of spatial and spectral resolution with precise place ...
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INTRODUCTIONExtraction and processing of various features with the help of aerial imagery reduces the time and financial costs associated with the use of ground mapping and the resulting human error. Advances in the field of aerial sensors in terms of spatial and spectral resolution with precise place and performance picking up altitude from the ground have led to the use of each part of information about terrestrial phenomena such as spectral and spatial characteristics Brought. Today, complementary data used to detect complications are Lidar data, the sensor of which is sent and received, and the electromagnetic spectrum in the near-infrared spectrum (in its aerial form) and joined the spectrum. Pays close infrared and green band (in space type). DATA AND METHODSLidar data and spectral images were analyzed using different types of algorithms effective in landfill extraction to assess density. New layers of images were obtained in the form of raster from the study area, which was analyzed by performing slope extraction steps on flat and sloping surfaces. Buildings that were definitely not buildings were removed. The size and spectral characteristics of the missing structures were identified and the parcels were redistributed to extract the impermeable surfaces. Which led to the achievement of two levels of parcels and impenetrable points. The data set is related to the northern part of Bandar Anzali, which includes a vertical aerial photograph, irregular cloud points of the region with dense one to two points per square meter with an average point space of 0.69 square meters, and vertical aerial photograph with spatial resolution. It is 8 cm square. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONIn this study, a different method for extracting buildings using airborne Lidar data and ultracam images was presented. The proposed system used geometric and spatial information of Lidar data and ultracam images, which included three general steps, in the first step; Lidar data were filtered and extracted using spectral clustering of buildings. In the second step; The obtained model was compared with the two-dimensional boundaries of buildings by the height threshold method. In the third step; After extraction, the first building boundaries were merged with the structures extracted by the checker algorithm. In the stage of separating terrestrial from non-terrestrial points, all points related to land were classified and extracted. The remaining points were classified as roof points, which were dealt with in the fault section of the buildings. All the functions used enabled the system to successfully extract the structures from the Lidar data. CONCLUSIONThe data for the first return points were subtracted from the data for the last return points and a fixed value was obtained which depended on the altitude accuracy of the difference between the two returns. In addition to the mentioned method, the clustering method was used during the research that each cluster belonged to a roof section so that the characteristics of each surface model could be easily determined.Then, to complete the shape of the roof, the footprint of the building that was extracted was used. In fact, the borderlines and inner vertices extracted only part of the shape of the border. Other sections, such as vertical edges, were not detected due to intersection. This is due to the lack of front sampling. Finally, the items extracted through spectral clustering in eCoginition software and two-dimensional boundaries extracted from ENVI Lidar software, to increase the accuracy of land surface extraction (buildings) and make the area of buildings studied in this data Were merged. As mentioned; After extraction, the primary building boundaries were merged with the structures extracted by the checker algorithm. In the section of buildings diagnostics, buildings with errors were discussed and the evaluation of the results showed that the system used has relatively reached the set goals and the methods used include the threshold method. Elevation, clustering, spectral method, and integration method were evaluated for each of the four blocks with error rates of 28%, 15%, and 0%, respectively, based on the area of extracted tolls to the study area. The error of each building was first examined in general and then in detail, and it was found that aerial Lidar technology has an extraordinary ability to collect very right and dense samples of altitude measurements of cities and a new level of detail information can be Accurately extracted building density automatically and efficiently from aerial Lidar data. In 417 buildings that were surveyed and analyzed, the height of the buildings was achieved with high accuracy and all the buildings in the study area were extracted with a compact and organic density as well as scattered and planned.
All other Geographic fields of studies , Interdisciplinary
Firouz Jafari; afshar hatami; sonya karami
Abstract
Introduction Economic growth is one of the goals pursued by every country, and this is because of the many benefits that come with the growth process. According to World Bank reports, more than 80 percent of people live in developing areas. Unfortunately, in developing countries such as Iran, balanced ...
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Introduction Economic growth is one of the goals pursued by every country, and this is because of the many benefits that come with the growth process. According to World Bank reports, more than 80 percent of people live in developing areas. Unfortunately, in developing countries such as Iran, balanced development has not taken place, which has created regional inequalities and economic divisions between regions. The increasing inequalities between different regions of a country indicate that part of the country's population is not benefiting from the consequences of economic growth and development. Theoretical framework The discussion of development and underdevelopment is one of the most challenging issues in today's world that is influenced by various spatial, temporal factors, and the varying value of different criteria in measuring development. The expansion of development concepts and policies has led the past decades called the era of development. This era has begun in the mid-20th century. Many indicators have been provided for measuring development and underdevelopment; however, based on most thinkers, especially thinkers of the 20th century, economics is a significant development factor. Moreover, there is a close relationship between human and the economy; as economic development cause the development and improvement of human living conditions, humans are the main factor of economic growth and development. Nevertheless, economic development happens when all regions of a country benefit from that. Therefore, to achieve comprehensive economic development, economic policymakers must create a kind of economic balance and cohesion in different regions and provinces so that with coordinated economic growth, the economic development differences can be solved in provinces of Iran. Methodology A descriptive-analytical approach was used in the present study. The required data from the statistical yearbook of 1395 have been collected in the form of 30 indices. Shannon entropy, coefficient of variation, and Vikor were used for weighting, distribution analysis, and developmental level determination, respectively. ArcGIS software was also used to display the map. Results and Discussion The coefficient of variation was used to determine the status of the distribution of indicators in the provinces. According to the results, about 11 indices have a coefficient of variation above 1, and two indices have a coefficient of variation above 0.9, indicating a lack of balanced distribution of economic indices in the provinces. There are the highest inequalities between the indicators of incoming tourists, durable housing, and mining workers with 2.00, 1.55, and 1.54 scores, respectively. In contrast, there are the lowest inequality levels between the indicators of male economic participation, economic participation, and working population with 0.6, 0.7, and 0.7 scores, respectively. Overall, 36.67% of the indices scored above 0.9 indicate inequality between more than two-thirds of the indices studied in the provinces. Based on economic indicators, the Q average for 31 provinces was 0.76, which is above average. Isfahan province with Q equal to 0.253 is at the highest level, and Tehran and Khorasan Razavi provinces are in second and third place with Q equal to 0.322 and 0.434, respectively. In contrast, Ilam province is at the lowest level, with Q equal to 0.996. Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari and Ardabil provinces are ranked second and third most economically deprived, with Q equal to 0.977 and 0.964, respectively. Conclusion The results of this study showed that mainly central and populated provinces, including Isfahan, Khorasan Razavi, Tehran, Kerman, Fars, East Azarbaijan provinces had a higher level of development, and the rest of Iran provinces had medium and lower economic development level. Among the 11 provinces with low development level are Gilan, Zanjan, Kurdistan, Alborz, Lorestan, Hamadan, Golestan, North Khorasan, Bushehr, Hormozgan, Sistan and Baluchestan and 7 provinces with lower development including Ardebil, Qazvin, Qom, Kermanshah, Ilam, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad require special attention and efficient policies and programs for faster and more effective economic development. Overall, 19.35% of provinces were at the highest economic development level, about 22.58% at a medium level, 35.48% at a low level, and 22.58% at a lower level. The interesting point is that the absence of any of the provinces in Iran at a high level of economic development. This point clearly indicates the inefficiency and hierarchy of economic development and other aspects of the imbalance of economic development in Iran.
Urban Planning
Firouz Jafari; adel sherizadeh
Volume 23, Issue 67 , April 2019, , Pages 67-89
Abstract
Studying the future and planning for its, is an inseparable part of the process of planning. In most cases, studying future, with emphasis on predicting and analyzing methods, has made innumerable problems in conducting different programs. These problems often arise from inattention to political, social, ...
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Studying the future and planning for its, is an inseparable part of the process of planning. In most cases, studying future, with emphasis on predicting and analyzing methods, has made innumerable problems in conducting different programs. These problems often arise from inattention to political, social, economic, and cultural effects and also an indifference to the novel or developing technologies in human’s life, or they could be because of neglecting the leading forces and key factors affecting the facilitation of the resolution of future problems. The goal of this study is to identify the key factors effective on the House price of Tabriz metropolis. In order to do this, Delphi technique was used for identifying the effective factors on the House price the result of which showed 40 initial effective factors on the House price were identified. In the next step, for extracting the key factors effective on the House price, Cross Impact Analysis method was used by software and the result was to identify 12 key factors effective on the House price Tabriz metropolis from the 40 initial effective factors. The results of the study show that 12 key factors are the main and effective actors in determining the house price of Tabriz metropolis.
Rural Planning
Mohammad Akbarpour; Firouz Jafari; Yashar Karimi
Abstract
Address the situation of rural housing is one of the basic programs of rural development in developing countries is most counties, especially. Due to the different nature of housing in rural areas andfunction its purpose, must-have features that are rural housing, housing in many rural areas, however, ...
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Address the situation of rural housing is one of the basic programs of rural development in developing countries is most counties, especially. Due to the different nature of housing in rural areas andfunction its purpose, must-have features that are rural housing, housing in many rural areas, however, the function of climate, vegetation and location are settlements.The purpose of this study was to investigate the rural housing in rural areas of the central part Hashtroud and evaluation criteria for affordable housing is a vision of society.Methodology The survey questionnaire is based on information collected in the questionnaire using SPSS statistical software was used.The research findings indicate that the residents of housing strength and resistance against disaster, not satisfied with the condition of heating and cooling systems and design and landscape standards of housing as well.Other findings indicate that the criteria related to adequate housing, building resistance against disasters and environmental health in the first place, area and size of housing, facades, new architecture and the use of local materials is the next priority.
Rasul Gorbani; Firuz Jafari
Volume 19, Issue 53 , September 2015, , Pages 253-276
Abstract
Abstract
Building density as the total floor area ratio of all storeys used for residential purposes is an important issue in urban planning and land management. Today, because of the lack of resource and to decrease urban development costs and to provide goods and commercial services attention toward ...
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Abstract
Building density as the total floor area ratio of all storeys used for residential purposes is an important issue in urban planning and land management. Today, because of the lack of resource and to decrease urban development costs and to provide goods and commercial services attention toward the increment of to more dense and increasing building density has increased. This article reviews the concept of building density and documents and regulations approved on this subject during recent years in Tabriz. It is a descriptive-analytic research. The increasing of building density in cities with growing populations is one of the strategies approved for controlling extension and balance of urban space. Increasing density in cities without attention to balances and equilibrium might cause problems and solving that will take much time, energy and would require higher costly. Studies show that among the regulations approved for comprehensive plans and regulations in the detailed plans and projects, there is an obvious difference. For instance, open space reduction rule was approved in master plan to be 55 m2 upto 10 m2 in detailed plan of Tabriz. Obviously, if in the process of determining the building density measures such as occupied building, height, proportion of mass and space, and residential neighborhoods carrying capacity are considered, it ciykd have helped achieve a coherent and systematic space for the city and add to the quality of urban spaces continuously.
