Urban Planning
Asghar Zarrabi; shayesteh abbassi; abolfazl meshkini
Abstract
Introduction
Informal settlements are home to about one billion people in the world. In other words, about one-seventh of the world's population and one third of the world's urban population live on margins. In our country, informal settlements have been officially interpreted more rapidly than urban ...
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Introduction
Informal settlements are home to about one billion people in the world. In other words, about one-seventh of the world's population and one third of the world's urban population live on margins. In our country, informal settlements have been officially interpreted more rapidly than urban growth, and it is estimated that one-fifth of urban populations are located in such settlements. The emergence of informal settlements reveals the existence of structural barriers and inefficiencies in the current policies in providing the necessary housing and services for the low-income urban population at macro level. The 2002 United Nations Summit on Sustainable Development emphasized that contemporary cities are sustainable if they resist natural disasters. Today, the crossroads of environmental, economic, social, and urban spontaneous settlements on a global scale have attracted attention to the urban widespread approach with a more comprehensive look at previous approaches such as crisis management in these settlements and in The world agenda has been considered. In fact, "Resilience as a framework is about a concept that can easily be associated with all stages and sections of disasters and crisis management, and has been introduced with four institutional, social, economic, and infrastructure dimensions. Sanandaj is one of the middle cities that has been growing fast over the last few decades, along with many parts of the country. This rapid growth has led to the formation of automobile neighborhoods in different parts of the city. The purpose of this article is to investigate and evaluate resilience indices in these settlements. In this regard, the main research question is what is the status of resilience of informal settlements in Sanandaj? And how important are the resilience indicators and dimensions?
Methodology
the type of research is applied-development and its method is descriptive-analytical and in terms of information acquisition method, it is located in the field of library-field studies. The data needed for research is obtained through library and field methods. In the library method, internal and external articles and books were used. In the data collection section, data were collected from the statistical blocks of the Population and Housing Census of 1395, Statistics Center of Iran, experts' questionnaire, comprehensive and detailed plans of Sanandaj city, household questionnaire, and so on. In this research, internal and external library studies were used for extraction of indicators. In this study, internal and external library studies were used to extract the indices and the experts were provided with a questionnaire. AHP test was used to analyze the questionnaires and the scores were analyzed in Expert Choice software. In the next step, in order to study the indicators in the area of informal settlements of Sanandaj, a household questionnaire was prepared and according to Statistical Society (30539 families), based on the Cochran formula, 379 questionnaires were completed from the households in the study area. The questionnaire was based on the six-level Likert scale. Reliability of the questionnaire was measured by Cronbach's alpha. Cronbach's alpha value was 0.73 which indicates the reliability of the questionnaire.
One-sample t-test was used to measure resilience. The one-sample t-test (the test of comparing the mean of a population with a number) is one of the tests used in most applied research. This test determines whether the observed average is significantly different from a specified value or a standard value. Confirmatory factor analysis in LISREL software was used to determine the impact of resilience dimensions. In confirmatory factor analysis, the researcher seeks to develop a model that is assumed to describe, describe, explain, or justify empirical data on the basis of relatively few parameters.
Results and Discussion
According to the AHP test, the highest weight was found to be 0.593 in human dimension and the lowest weight was 0. 113 in natural dimension. The findings indicate that the level of resilience is 3.03 in the area, which is less than the mean of 3.50, but it can be said that the informal settlements is not resilient. In terms of dimensions, only the socio-cultural dimension with 3.72 is higher than the average of 3.50 and is resilient. The lowest level of resilience related to the economic dimension at 2.47, followed by the managerial dimension with 2.66. also, Physical dimension is not resilient to have an average of 3.28. According to the studies, the total level of resilience in the informal settlements of Sanandaj was 3.11 and below 3.50. Factor analysis of factors affecting resilience showed that social factors with 0.81 had the most effect and economic factors with 0.50 had the least effect.
Conclusion
Research results in these settlements indicate that the level of resilience is at a low level. Among the different dimensions of resilience, the social dimension has a better status than other dimensions. In the economic field, due to the low level of income of the residents, the lack of insurance, the low level of savings, the lack of job security, the volatility in income, the seasonal nature of the occupation of many residents and ... has led to a low level of economic resilience. Organizational-administrative dimensions also have very low resilience. The lack of institutions at the local level, the weakness of the relationship between managers and the local population, lack of training in preparation for crisis is the reason for the low level of institutional resilience in these settlements. Physically, due to low level of resistance of residential units, lack of proper access to infrastructure, lack of suitable open spaces in neighborhoods, low strength of infrastructures, etc., has led to a decrease in the level of physical resilience.
Urban Planning
Somayeh Alipour; abolfazl meshkini; Mohsen Ahadnejad roshti
Abstract
Introduction Housing is not just a shelter, but a set of physical elements and human values for life. Housing and shelter are the cornerstone of building human communities because they are the main building blocks of cities. The concept of suitable housing should be sought not only in physical and physical ...
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Introduction Housing is not just a shelter, but a set of physical elements and human values for life. Housing and shelter are the cornerstone of building human communities because they are the main building blocks of cities. The concept of suitable housing should be sought not only in physical and physical dimensions, but also in terms of its biological, cultural, social, security and economic needs. The issue of housing is one of the challenges and problems that urbanization has long been facing and is not only as a basic human need, or because of its strong link with other aspects of life but also due to its complexity and multifaceted nature, the center of attention is a variety of scientific disciplines. After food and clothing, housing is the third most important need of the community, which is important for the preservation of the individual and society. It is one of the most important human needs in the stage of responding to the basic needs of society and one of the most essential needs of a person and somehow one of the rights The primary is the human being that is planning to meet this basic need of citizens from the tasks that governments have put in place. Housing relative to other goods due to characteristics such as the inalienability of being capital, durable, costly and immovable cannot be a major factor in inequality and yet social solidarity. Housing ownership is a clear indication of the improvement of living standards. Methodology The type of research, applied-development, and according to the research objectives, is the analytical -descriptive nature. The statistical population of the research is Karaj city and its 120 neighborhoods. Data collection is also done by reviewing the available resources and articles and the detailed information of the Population and Housing Census of the Statistics Center, especially the data of the housing sector in 2011. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing in Karaj city were extracted from raw data and then comparative comparisons were made with global standard indicators (Hebiate). Integrated indexes were also obtained from the data and analyzed in the process of work. Data analysis and analysis has also been performed using a multi-criteria decision making model to select or prioritize. In this process, the multi-criteria decision making models and SANNA-based system for prioritizing or ranking 120 neighborhoods based on quantitative indices And a qualitative analysis that has been adapted to the status of the study area. A decision with multiple criteria for MCDM is a topic that addresses decision-making processes in the presence of different and sometimes contradictory criteria. Despite the widespread use of those common concepts, there are all issues. Each issue can have multiple goals or multiple criteria. Criteria may conflict with each other. Different goals and criteria may also vary in measuring scales. This method is capable of handling discrete criteria of both quantitative and qualitative in nature and provides complete ordering of the alternatives. Results and discussion In this part of the study, the findings are presented, as well as their evaluation and evaluation. The findings of the research on housing information in 120 neighborhoods of Karaj with qualitative and quantitative indicators of the global governor and in line with the study area were carried out by survey of population and housing census statistics for 2011 in Karaj. Indicators of the indicators include: household size, population density in residential unit, number of household densities in residential unit, average density of room in residential unit, density in room, average density of room in unit, average room of each household and area. Qualitative indicators such as property type, low housing, leasing, ownership, infrastructure, facilities, facilities, and type of building structure. After selecting the indicators, they are ranked in order of importance and using the opinions of the experts in the field of housing and the importance of each of the following criteria is determined according to the subject of the research. In the following, using a ranking model that has the ability to integrate a large number of criteria with each other, the model used is the ELECTRE III model, one of the MCDM models based on SANNA software. Conclusion The analysis and analysis of the findings with the model process and the ranking of 120 neighborhoods finally showed that the neighborhood 4 of the 5th zone is ranked first in terms of quantitative and qualitative indicators. In the next ranking, the neighborhood 5 is from the 5th district and the third rank 2 is the 2nd area. Which ranked first to third. At the end of the ranking, neighborhood 2 is also from area 11. In a general conclusion, it can be said that in the ranking of each neighborhoods and the regional integration of the district 5 in the first place and the first and second regions with a small difference in the next rank in terms of quantitative and qualitative indicators. Also, the findings show that there is a significant difference between neighborhoods of Karaj city and neighborhoods in a region, which indicates that the neighborhoods with appropriate and inappropriate analgesics are in line with each other in terms of the indicators. Since Karaj is a migratory metropolis and is growing every day without planning, we are witnessing the setting up of weedy or weaved textiles of very low quality near the neighborhoods with the principles of engineering construction, which requires serious attention to this area. And balancing between neighborhoods. In this regard, suggestions are made: Residential land supply with respect to urban plans, support for the restoration of worn-out housing, the application of decentralization policies and the prevention of inadequate growth and preparation policies as a fundamental approach and in providing housing for different classes. People, adopting optimal technologies for professional construction, etc., which can be a good way to get out of housing problems.
Urban Planning
Abolfazl Meshkini; Mehdi Pourtaheri; Mostafa Norozi
Abstract
The concepts of quality of life and the quality of the environment is the action against the single dimension economic development at national level and physical development of urban scale. It merely is an effort to achieve quality standards in the urban board. Meanwhile the issue of quality in special ...
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The concepts of quality of life and the quality of the environment is the action against the single dimension economic development at national level and physical development of urban scale. It merely is an effort to achieve quality standards in the urban board. Meanwhile the issue of quality in special residential areas such as deteriorated textures, due to the their large population and building density and their lack of organic relation with urban structure, has more importance and complicacy in comparison with other residential areas. Accordingly, trying to understand the concept of the quality of environment, indicators and affecting criteria on the amount of quality of these textures are identified. Indicators used in this research by looking at the subjective quality of the urban environment are the product of individual perception and satisfaction of citizens from their environment life. The study area is located in Abkouh in the Mashhad Metropolis region 1 Having the fact, this research is practical and its methodology is based on descriptive and analytical research method. For the measurement of the amount of environmental quality indicators of satisfaction, T test, to determine the significant relationship between individual variables and environmental quality indicators-Chi-square test and to determine the intensity and direction of the correlation between them Kendall Tau and Kramer test were used in the SPSS software. The results of research show that the rate of satisfaction of environmental quality indicators in the study area is on the lower level. It also was clear that the satisfaction of quality of environment has been taken the greatest impact of three variables including٫ education level and duration of residence in Abkouh
Hadi Hakimi; Mohammadreza Pourmohammadi; Akbar Parhizkar; Abolfazl Meshkini; Mehdi Pourtaheri
Volume 17, Issue 46 , February 2014, , Pages 25-45
Abstract
Informal settlements were formed as the shadow cities after the industrial revolution and the geographical redistribution of population in Europe. Informal settlements were slowly appeared after industrialization and modernization process as a main characteristic of almost many cities of developing countries. ...
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Informal settlements were formed as the shadow cities after the industrial revolution and the geographical redistribution of population in Europe. Informal settlements were slowly appeared after industrialization and modernization process as a main characteristic of almost many cities of developing countries. However, this phenomenon acted as an attenuating phenomenon in European countries and over the time and in the context of the location they were solved in the heart of the cities. Therefore, this phenomenon is now confined to the cities of the developing countries. Even the cities in developing countries like our country are also feature this phenomenon. Khoy middle city is not an exception of this rule. This research is classified as an explanatory analytical survey. Like most survey researches, this study focuses on a limited sample and the sampling method is the probable classification technique. In other words, all informal settlements in Khoy city are classified into four geographical categories amongst which four districts were randomly selected. The main purpose of this research was identifying the relationship between development and the increase of residents’ numbers in informal settlements and for this the hypothesis of study was that there was a significant relationship between urban and rural development and the increase of residents’ numbers in informal settlements in Khoy. The results indicated that in contrast to the expectations of many researches in this area, the number of residents in informal settlements would increase with increasing level of urban and rural development.
