GIS&RS
maryam Ebrahimian najafabadi; Alireza Ildoromi; samar mortazavi; Ebrahim Mohammadi Manesh
Abstract
Today, one of the most important environmental problems around the world, especially in aquatic ecosystems, is heavy metals pollution. since sediments are the main source of heavy metals, in this study, Gamasiab River sediments were evaluated for heavy metal contamination of chromium, copper, nickel, ...
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Today, one of the most important environmental problems around the world, especially in aquatic ecosystems, is heavy metals pollution. since sediments are the main source of heavy metals, in this study, Gamasiab River sediments were evaluated for heavy metal contamination of chromium, copper, nickel, zinc, iron and manganese. After layering, the results were interpolated by two methods of kriging and Inverse Distance. Moller Index, Ecological risk Index and numerical parameters were used to assess the range of sediment pollution. Results of Moller index in spring showed no pollution. Also, in summer it represented no pollution for all metals except Ni. Results of RI categorized level of Heavy metal concentration in low contamination. Using RI plans, zoning plans and Hot Spot analysis indicated that the concentration of heavy metals in the east of Gamasiab river in spring is higher than summer and it is shown that spots with high concentration in summer are located in the west of Gamasiab river.
GIS&RS
Leila Dehghani Firoozabadi; Alireza Ildoromi; Mir Mehrdad Mirsanjari; sahar abedian
Abstract
IntroductionToday, tourism is considered as one of the most important activities in the world, and it has high potential in generating foreign currency incomes and creating jobs. According to the definition, ecotourism is a responsibly journey to natural areas that protect the environment and improve ...
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IntroductionToday, tourism is considered as one of the most important activities in the world, and it has high potential in generating foreign currency incomes and creating jobs. According to the definition, ecotourism is a responsibly journey to natural areas that protect the environment and improve the lives of local people. Despite having the necessary potential in tourism in Iran, it has not succeeded in attracting tourists. The first step towards achieving tourism development in the country is identifying, assessing, and introducing the existent potentials and capabilities to provide development opportunities with comprehensive knowledge and planning. Dorud is one of the unparalleled regions in Lorestan province due to the availability of sufficient water resources that can be a good place for water resource recreation. Unfortunately, despite these tourist attractions, there has not yet been an organized approach to land use planning that takes into account these natural talents of the region for water tourism. According to the mentioned issues, the present study intends to use a multi-criteria evaluation to identify and zonate suitable areas of water tourism, and its purpose is to properly plan the tourism with environmental considerations and prioritize these areas in the Dorud city.Materials and methodsDorud is situated in Lorestan Province. It is located between latitudes 33°16'-33°44'N and longitudes 48°47'-49°19'. In this study, by investigating the factors influencing the zoning of tourism-prone areas, Dorud region has been zoned based on multi-criteria evaluation model. Multi-criteria evaluation is a structured process for defining goals, formulating criteria, evaluating, and solving decision problems. In this study, the criteria was detemined based on the criteria of the ecotourism national document, the criteria of the ecological potential assessment, and the ecotourism criteria in the protected areas. After the preparation of the criteria maps, it is necessary to standardize the maps that have different ranges and scales. In this research, Fuzzy and Boolean methods were used to standard the scales. In order to fuzzy the criteria maps, the pixels are ranked based on the membership degree in the fuzzy range from 0 to 255, and high degree of membership indicate more desirability of pixels for tourism. In the Boolean method, zero values are inappropriate areas, and values of one indicate suitable areas for development. In order to weigh the criteria, the pairwise comparison method was used in the form of analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and then the maps were combined using the weighted linear combination method. Then, in order to prepare the final suitable map, it is necessary to extract the zones, which have 70% suitability and have more than 5 hectares. Finally, suitable zones for recreation prioritized by TOPSIS model.Result and discussionIn this research, the effective environmental criteria were considered as informational layers in water recreation zoning. Criteria were taken with two views: one for water recreation in lotic water resources, and the other on flowing water resources. The effective environmental criteria in water recreation zoning classified in 5 criterion groups involved physical, ecological, fundamental, safety, and social-economic and 27 sub criterion for water recreation in Lotic water resources, and 26 sub criterion for water recreation in lentic water resources. At this step, due to the difference in the type of tourism recreation in lotic and flowing water resources, two types of utility maps for the flowing water resources (waterfall and rivers) and the latic water recources (mineral fountain, dam, water reservoirs, sarab, lakes and wetlands) were prepared. Then, in order to zoning the area, the final raster layer was classified into four categories based on the suitability of the land. Thus, the first categort with high potential (the suitability of more than 150), the second category with the average potential (the suitability of 110 to 150), the third category with the weak potential (the suitability of 50 to 110), and the forth category without suitability (0 to 50) were considered. In the next step, the first category was considered as the best class for the water recreation, and extracted from the suitable map. Based on the performed classification, 8.47% of the area has high potential for recreation in flowing water resources, and 10.28% of the area has high potential for recreation in latic water resources. Finally, six suitable zones in each of the recreations were selected, and tourism zones were prioritized according to the TOPSIS method.ConclusionThe results of criteria weighting for latic water resources showed that distance from lake, wetland, sarab, dam and water reservoirs are the most important criteria in suitable recreation areas. In addition, the results of the combination of AHP and TOPSIS in water resources showed that the slope and depth with a weight of 0.182 and, 0.173, respectively are the most important indicators in this model, respectively. Consequently, results showed that Merok dam, Mahi hamyane Sarab and pond, Heshamatabad 2 pond zones respectively have highest preferences for water recreation in lotic water resources. In relation to the tourism recreation in flowing water resources, weighting criteria shows that distance from the river, slope and height are the most important. In addition, the results of the AHP and TOPSIS combination in flowing water resources show that the slope, water speed, and water volume with a weight of 0.191, 0.171, and 0.140 are three important indicators in this model, respectively. As a result, Sezar River, Gaharrood 1 and Gaharrood 2 have highest preferences for water recreation flowing water resources. The proposed zones in this research were determined based on ecological and socio-economic criteria that indicate the high capability of the zones for this type of recreation. Of course, in order to implement tourism goals, further studies are needed in areas such as determining the ecological capacity of the region, soil erodibility and so on.
All other Geographic fields of studies , Interdisciplinary
Samira Fallah Zolleh; Alireza Ildoromi; Hamid Nouri
Abstract
Introduction
In recent years, the impact of climate change and drought forecasting on water resources planning and management has received much attention. In the present study, probable climate change on Malayer basin temperature and precipitation over the period 2014-2014 was investigated and monthly, ...
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Introduction
In recent years, the impact of climate change and drought forecasting on water resources planning and management has received much attention. In the present study, probable climate change on Malayer basin temperature and precipitation over the period 2014-2014 was investigated and monthly, seasonal and annual forecasts for the near future (2030-2011) under three scenarios A2, B1 and A1B using HadCM3 general circulation model The LARS-WG model was used for performing and exponential micro-scale.
Data and Method
ARIMA multiplication time series and AIC and SBC criteria and Pert-Manto test in predicting precipitation and SPI and SDI indices have been used to predict drought for the period (1397-1418) of Merville, Pihan and Wasjeh hydrometric stations.The results show an increase in precipitation and temperature in all three monthly, seasonal and annual scales in the coming period, and Shows that the largest meteorological drought for the base period in 1998-1999 is -1/96 and In the coming year 1418-1418 there was adecrease of -2/4. Surveys show that moderate and severe droughts will increase in the coming statistical period at the Mervil, Peyhan and Vasge stations.
Results and Discussion
Drought occurrence reduces discharge and hydrological drought. The results show that due to variability of precipitation and mean air temperature, the trend of drought changes is not the same in different months. Therefore, the duration, severity and frequency of droughts vary from month to year.
Conclusion
Investigation of correlation (r) and mean error (MSE) values between observed and calculated values of discharge and precipitation at the stations under study indicate the high capability of ARIMA model in simulating monthly discharge. And it can be used in other parts of the country.
All other Geographic fields of studies , Interdisciplinary
Azadeh Sheikhipour; Alireza Ildoromi; hossein zenivand
Abstract
Introduction Due to the need for space, high cost, and a long time to perform experiments, the use of physical models is often not recommended. For this reason, many river engineering issues are examined with mathematical models (Azizi et al., 2019). Kalami et al. (2019) in detecting geometric-hydraulic ...
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Introduction Due to the need for space, high cost, and a long time to perform experiments, the use of physical models is often not recommended. For this reason, many river engineering issues are examined with mathematical models (Azizi et al., 2019). Kalami et al. (2019) in detecting geometric-hydraulic relationships of river cross-sections using an inverse solution of Venant equations showed that after identifying the relationships and comparing them, hydraulic-hydrological process methods have high efficiency and accuracy in simulating river floods. Ouda (2019) in modeling and multi-phase reviewing of sediment transport and bed erosion and changes in river morphodynamics using numerical modeling and analysis of sediment production and transfer mechanisms showed that the current numerical model performs well in most cases of Multiphase test shows sediment transport and erosion. Data and Method The study area is located in Khorramabad city of Lorestan province in western Iran From Cham-Anjir station, 12 km from Khorramabad, with an area of 1650 km2 up to Doab Vissian station with an area of 2450 km2, which in this study includes a part of the permanent river of Khorramabad with a length of approximately 40 km. After entering geometric and flow data into the model, boundary conditions including sediment measurement curve for upstream range and discharge-Ashle curve were performed for downstream range in HEC-RAS hydraulic model and sensitivity results were extracted. Then, using SPSS software, the regression relationship between the dependent variable of Discharge (Q) and independent variables (W), river water surface width (D), average and hydraulic depth of flow, (A) flow cross-section, and (V) velocity The average cross-section (flow) was calculated based on the values of significance level, coefficient of determination and standard error. Based on the results, various simple linear models, degree 2, degree 3, and exponential, and the relationships governing the geometric properties and factors related to the processes affecting the river were investigated. Among them, the relationship with the highest coefficient of determination and the lowest standard error was selected as the appropriate relationship. Results and Discussion Sensitivity analysis of the model shows that with increasing the number of cross-sections, the rate of change of hydraulic parameters along the river has been clearer. Also in Khorramabad River, the number of sections is 421 and the model estimation accuracy is 20.73% for the water level width parameter, 79.65% for the flow depth parameter, and 74.07% for the flow velocity parameter. In the exponential model, there is no problem with the variables collinearity and the variables do not interact with each other. In models grades 2 and 3, due to the problem of collinearity, these models do not have sufficient validity. In addition, models grades 2 and 3 did not have sufficient validity in terms of both significance level and standard error. Therefore, the exponential model is introduced as a suitable model due to its non-collinearity, P-value less than 1%, and standard error less than other models. In the obtained function, the discharge flow as a dependent variable is directly related to the width of the river. Also has a more direct connection with the flow cross-section. The Discharge also shows a more direct relationship with the flow cross-section. Because the flow cross-section parameter includes two parameters of flow width and depth (geometric variables of the river). In the obtained exponential function, the sediment capacity as a dependent variable has a direct relationship with the average flow velocity, shear stress, and flow rate as an independent variable. According to the relationship obtained between the independent variables of sediment capacity, it is more dependent on the flow rate. As the flow rate increases, the sediment capacity also increases and vice versa. Conclusion Studies show that Grade 2 and 3 models did not have sufficient validity due to the problem of being co-linearity and significant level and standard error.In the sediment simulation section, the coefficient of determination obtained in the exponential function for V, Q, SH is less than the values of 2 and 3 degrees regression functions and higher than simple linear regression functions and all variables are meaningful at the level of 1% (99% confidence interval). Also in this function, the variables have the lowest standard error and a significant level compared to the simple linear, grade 2, and grade 3 models. Therefore, they are considered suitable models for the river. The results of the study of exponential functions show that the sediment transport capacity is directly related to the flow rate, flow velocity, and shear stress, and also the flow rate is directly related to the flow cross-section, river width, and flow depth inversely. This means that with increasing flow, the cross-sectional area of the stream, which includes the width of the river and the depth of the stream, gradually decreases, and also with increasing flow and changes in river morphology, flow velocity and shear stress increase, which results in increased sediment transport capacity and vice versa.
All other Geographic fields of studies , Interdisciplinary
Shohreh Abdoalmohamdi; Alireza Ildoromi; Mosayeb Heshmati
Abstract
Introduction Land use change generally has a serious impact on the rate Organic matter and other properties Physical and chemical soils.So that today, the study of the effects of land use change on soil characteristics in watersheds is one of the important and important topics for researchers. ...
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Introduction Land use change generally has a serious impact on the rate Organic matter and other properties Physical and chemical soils.So that today, the study of the effects of land use change on soil characteristics in watersheds is one of the important and important topics for researchers. Pichakd, (2017) Khatir Pasha et al. (2017) examined the effect of land use change on soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics in Qalaq forest of the city.The results showed that the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil were significantly different between different uses and the dynamics of nitrogen could be affected by changes in forest uses. Data and colleagues (2015) concluded by examining the characteristics of sodium soils and organic carbon components in various uses in northwestern India That's in all usesAs the depth increases, bulk density, the amount of silt and clay, and the pH and electrical conductivity of the soil increase The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of land use change on the physical and chemical properties of soil in the Kermanshah Helshi watershed. Methodology The Halshi watershed is part of the Qarasu basin with an area of about 7356.65 hectares, which is located 30 km southeast of Kermanshah..In this research, first, using topographic maps of the region and satellite images, the land use map of the region was prepared in three classes of agriculture, forest and rangeland.In the next step, based on land use maps, topography (slope, direction, height), geology, soil hydrology, land capability, erosion of soil sampling points in the study area in Arc GIS 9.3 software environment are specified and according to the conditions. Homogeneity and area of each land use at a shallow depth of about 0-20 cm 38 soil samples including 18 samples in agricultural lands, 10 samples in rangeland lands and 10 samples in Forest lands Accidentally harvested and the geographical characteristics of each soil sample were recorded by GPS. The soil samples were then transferred to the laboratory after drying in the open air and the physical and chemical properties were evaluated using one-way variance (ANOVA) and SAS software. Discussion and results According to the results of statistical analysis and the meanings obtained from clay, silt and sand ratio in the samples of soil tested, the type of soil texture in agricultural use is more than clay and loamy-clay type, rangeland lands with loamy texture and lands. It is a clay-silty forest, Due to land use change, soil texture has changed from clay-silt in the forest to clay in agriculture.Reducing the stability of aggregate in agricultural use compared to two uses Rangelands and forests can be considered due to tillage operations and reduction of soil organic matter, which indicates unsustainable use in these lands.Average pH in agricultural use, Rangelands and forests show that these parameters do not change significantly in different uses and are the same.The existence of geological formations, especially lime and carbonates (karstic lime), and climatic conditions, physicochemical decomposition and material erosion, has increased and concentrated the amount of surface lime.The results show that forest use has the highest amount of organic carbon than both agricultural and rangeland use. The percentage of nitrogen in the surface layer in agricultural and rangeland use is lower than forest use, indicating that land use change from forest to agricultural reduces soil nitrogen.The average amount of potassium that can be absorbed by the surface layer of rangeland is higher than that of agriculture and forestry. But this difference was not statistically significantBased on the results of the Mean Comparison Test (ANOVA), it shows that land use change has led to changes in soil quality and some physical and organic carbon parameters of the soil. Results In general, the results of this study showed that conversion and change Land, especially from Rangelands and forests to agriculture and consequently Continuous cultivation on these lands leads to the destruction of some of the optimal physical and chemical properties of the soil.According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that land use change can reduce the appearent specific weieght in agricultural lands, increasing the amount of sand used. Rangelands, increasing the aggregate stability and organic carbon soils in forest lands, reducing the amount of organic matter in arable land, increasing potassium Rangelands, increased phosphorus in arable land, increased organic carbon in the forest, increased electrical conductivity in agricultural use.The results of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the change in rangeland and forest use had the greatest impact on soil characteristics and the stability of aggregate aggregate stability and organic carbon in forest use made the most difference .Therefore, land use change, especially from Forest andRangelands To Agriculture affects soil properties and leads to soil degradation and reduction of nutrients.
Ali Reza Ildoromi; Ali Reza Ildoromi
Abstract
Abstract The intensity of wind erosion desertification processes means reducing the ecological and biological land that occurs naturally or artificially by human activity. So far a large variety of methods to estimate the wind erosion rate is presented by various experts around the world. Because not ...
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Abstract The intensity of wind erosion desertification processes means reducing the ecological and biological land that occurs naturally or artificially by human activity. So far a large variety of methods to estimate the wind erosion rate is presented by various experts around the world. Because not consistent with climate models provided by experts in other countries, Iran, in 1375 IRIFR.E.A experimental model was devised and proposed. Ghahavand plains in areas which are the province of the destruction of production in the decades to face the desert. The study area is located in Sanandaj parallel to the Zagros region and has been strongly altered and magmatic activity in it. The purpose of this study, mapping of wind erosion area is IRIFR.E.A model. For this purpose, the 9 factors affecting wind erosion on the basis of the model in seven units geomorphology and geology, soil, vegetation and weather data were analysised. According to the results found that most points related to changes in land use and zoning salt is granulated or saline flats, and the last one on the regional of the village. Also according to the assessments of the area showed that 7.04percent in grade low and, 23.59 percent in grade average and 69.35 percent in the class wind erosion is very intensity.
Ali Reza Ildoromi; Hamid Zareabyaneh; Maryam Bayatvarkeshy
Volume 17, Issue 43 , October 2013, , Pages 21-40
Abstract
Rainfall due to its noise and random nature has structural changes at different times. Because of large uncertainty, fluctuations in the amount of rainfall forecast is created the prediction of which has been difficult. In this article, precipitation predictability was carried out rescaled by range analysis ...
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Rainfall due to its noise and random nature has structural changes at different times. Because of large uncertainty, fluctuations in the amount of rainfall forecast is created the prediction of which has been difficult. In this article, precipitation predictability was carried out rescaled by range analysis (R/S) technique in Shiraz, Mashhad and Kerman regions. SnapshotHurst (H) showed that rainfall parameter has the ability of predictability, because H was higher than 0.5 and much closer to the value 1. Minimum Hurst value was 0.8 in Mashhad and maximum Hurst value was 0.92 in Shiraz. In order to predict rainfall we used artificial neural network. Type of input parameters based on Pearson correlation test between data from non-rainfall, were a combination of temperature and humidity data. Number of input parameters, the number of middle layers, and other information related to artificial neural network randomly were selected. As a whole, rainfall estimation was calculated through Peresptron multi-layer neural network for comparing the performance of neural network. Results showed that the use of 3 and 4 meteorological parameters has the best rank estimator. Proposed layouts for the Shiraz station is 1-21-21-3, for Kerman 1-25-25-3 and for Mashhad 1-19-19-4 in which 1-25-25-3 of have correlation coefficients more than 91 percent. Validation rainfall models showed that network designed for rainfall parameters has best performance rainfall in Mashhad, Shiraz and Kerman stations with 4, 11 and 14 percent error respectively. As a whole, results showed that neural network method with considering the temperaturel and humidity data for describing the process and their combination in predicting good results were offered.
