Urban Planning
Leila Sohelivand; Farzin Haghparast; ALIREZA soltani; mahsa faramarzi
Abstract
Introduction
Due to the need to provide housing in different countries, governments have taken comprehensive measures and planning to provide housing for different groups, especially the low-income classes. But the reality is that the methods of planning and intervention in housing production, land ...
Read More
Introduction
Due to the need to provide housing in different countries, governments have taken comprehensive measures and planning to provide housing for different groups, especially the low-income classes. But the reality is that the methods of planning and intervention in housing production, land supply, and established urban standards have been inefficient and have not benefited the lowest-income groups. On the other hand, policies that emphasize the construction of housing for the low-income classes have paid little attention to its environmental effects. It is also important to note that the challenge of providing housing for low-income urban groups in developing countries is not limited to housing alone. Lack of living space and interior spaces of the house and inefficiency of heating and cooling facilities, insecurity against natural hazards, are among the most important issues that are not considered and studied when providing housing policies for these groups. To take. On the other hand, according to experts, housing programs for low-income groups have been the only housing for swollen housing wounds among these income groups; A large number of households in the conditions of homelessness, housing shortage and poor housing, show a lack of macro vision of this sector and the ineffectiveness of policies implemented in the housing sector and solving its problem in the country. For a variety of reasons, these policies have always faced serious challenges from the public and critics, as managers and planners in the field are now convinced that many policies and Investments in the housing sector may improve temporarily in this sector, but it will not be a way to achieve safe and sustainable conditions. What is needed is a rethinking of macro-management approaches and the use of new tools in planning, tools that make sense of the third wave of management (change to adapt to the future environment). In this regard, this study intends to identify and investigate the most important factors affecting the provision of adequate housing for low-income urban groups in the city of Tabriz.
Data and Method
The present study, with a futures research approach, identifies the most important factors affecting the housing of low-income groups in the city of Tabriz and examines the extent and how these factors affect. This research is applied in terms of purpose and according to the components under study, the approach is the descriptive-analytical method. Environmental and Delphi scanning techniques have been used to identify variables and indicators. In this regard, in the first stage, to collect variables from online articles, a review of published articles on the factors affecting the provision of housing for low-income groups was used; Then, a semi-structured questionnaire was distributed between experts in the field of urban issues and they were asked to score points in the matrix of intersecting effects on variables, based on effectiveness and influence with numbers in the range 0 to 3. In this rating, "zero" means no effect, "one" means weak effect, "two" means medium effect and "three" means high effect. The scores were then entered in a cross-matrix to measure the direct and indirect impact of each factor and to obtain key drivers according to the scores of the factors. In scenario-based studies, the expertise and knowledge of experts take precedence over the overall quantity and the sample size should not be less than 25 people. In this study, in order to consciously select the participants, purposive sampling method has been used. The basis for using purposive sampling method is to select a group of experts who have an in-depth study or general understanding of the nature of the research questionnaire. Based on the above explanations, the statistical population of this study is 50 experts in the field of urban issues, including experts of Tabriz metropolitan municipality, consulting engineers and some university professors specializing in the field of study.
Results and Discussion
Based on the rank obtained from key factors, 16 factors were identified as drivers in low-income housing planning in Tabriz. These drivers are in order of importance: per capita construction credits (government development credits in the housing sector), security against earthquakes and natural disasters, housing prices, the quality of urban space, the level of security against urban crime, how to access Educational centers, access to cultural and recreational centers, access to health centers, urban green space, quality of design and construction, access to public transportation, cost of urban infrastructure, access to water, electricity, gas, telephone, sewage, residential density and Construction cost.
Conclusion
Given the obtained key drivers, it can be acknowledged that success in achieving comprehensive goals in this field depends on continuous interaction between key factors and careful planning for these drivers. In other words, sufficient attention by planners and city managers to the influential factors and drivers and considering these key factors and the relationships between them will provide the necessary conditions for providing housing for low-income groups in the city of Tabriz.
Urban Planning
Vahid Mostofi; mahsa faramarzi; rasoul darskhan
Abstract
Introduction One of the main approaches to the physical-spatial development of metropolises is to use the maximum available capacities of the city and minimize its limitations by using all available resources of the city. This approach requires planning in the form of intermittent development, and non-use ...
Read More
Introduction One of the main approaches to the physical-spatial development of metropolises is to use the maximum available capacities of the city and minimize its limitations by using all available resources of the city. This approach requires planning in the form of intermittent development, and non-use of resources and lands outside the city, if there are internal resources and uses, including brown and unused lands, and especially polluting. The importance of endogenous urban development for the management and reuse of brown lands is such that the abandonment of these lands will greatly cause damage to local communities and inefficient physical spatial management of the city in the future. On the other hand, these lands, due to their characteristics, are polluting and causing environmental damage to a large extent, threatening the health of local communities. However, achieving a scientific and operational mechanism is very important in providing a suitable model for mid-term development based on the optimal management of brown lands. The metropolis of Tabriz, as a trans-regional city, is facing several physical-spatial challenges in the field of interstitial development and optimal management of brown lands. Therefore, maintaining coherent and desirable patterns of urban development in order to manage lands incompatible with urban function is one of the main problems of land use management and endogenous development of this city. This study seeks to explain and analyze the opportunities that can be developed within the city by using the components of interdependent development and brown land management approaches of the present study. Therefore, a preliminary review of the research literature in this field shows that the activity that seeks to provide the desired model of intermediate development in the form of grounded theory has not been presented so far and the studies are general approaches, and only preliminary explanations of Indicators and effective factors in development have been intermittent. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explain mesenteric development by adopting an approach based on data foundation theory in the field of brown land management. Therefore, the main question of the research is, what is the optimal model of mid-term development based on the components of brown land management in the metropolis of Tabriz? Methodology The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. Data were collected by library and field studies based on an expert questionnaire. The statistical population of the study includes the residents of Tabriz, but due to the specialization of the subject, the statistical population of experts using the Delphi method has been used to distribute the questionnaire. The method of sampling snowballs is 30 people. For data analysis, one-sample t-test and path analysis in the form of DPSIR model with the help of SPSS software were used. Results and Discussions The results of quantitative and field studies showed that the population dynamics component with a factor of 0.26 has a very small role in intermediate development. In contrast, urban planning and legal criteria with a coefficient of 5.42 have a significant impact on this issue and for the optimal management of brown lands and achieving the desired pattern of intermediate development, special emphasis should be placed on this concept and criterion. In addition, the analysis of indicators in the form of DPSIR model showed that the "response" component with a coefficient of 3.3 received the highest score. Therefore, according to the group of experts in the statistical community, for the development of the desired intermediate in the metropolis of Tabriz, special emphasis should be placed on the response forces (such as: security; pollution; environmental health; urban space formation). Because, these factors can provide more operational models and strategies to organize and exit the current trend. In contrast, the impact component with a coefficient of 2.73 received the lowest score. On the other hand, the study of components with path analysis test showed that the "pressure" index with a total effect coefficient of 0.623 has the greatest impact and causal relationship with the favorable pattern of interstitial development and brown land management. On the other hand, the "response" components with a total effect factor of 0.591; "Impact" with a total effect factor of 0.556; "Status" with a total effect factor of 0.547; And "driving force" with a total effect factor of 0.537. Conclusion Finally, according to the obtained results, in order to achieve the optimal and desirable pattern of intergenerational development and management of brown lands, it is necessary to observe the following: Development of tax rules and mechanisms for brown and polluting lands in order to oblige owners of brown lands to change the required land uses of the city Organizing the city structure and using the land use capacities and improving the access distance Transfer of non-urban uses such as military barracks, and change of use of agricultural lands to green space and parks and change of industrial uses to required general uses Regulating the urban road network and increasing the capacity of the road network, especially in the central urban context in order to increase access and reduce traffic Strengthen the quality of housing by monitoring construction and providing facilities to citizens Upgrading environmental capacity to rejuvenate the living space away from any pollution
