Urban Planning
Habibollah Fasihi; hani rezayan; Sayyedeh Mahshid Hosseini
Abstract
Introduction Public health and sanitation as an important and vital issue has always been considered by academicians and urban planners and managers. It has led to adopt policies and actions by governments and related organizations. Though, creating healthy cities is a long-standing idea that has ...
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Introduction Public health and sanitation as an important and vital issue has always been considered by academicians and urban planners and managers. It has led to adopt policies and actions by governments and related organizations. Though, creating healthy cities is a long-standing idea that has been around for decades, but in recent months, as the Covid 19 epidemic, which usually spreads faster in crowded cities, has plagued every country in the world, it has received more attention again. One of the concerns of city planners and managers in the current situation is how to protect the living environment and create resilient cities against such diseases. One of the approaches that has been proposed in order to enhance health in human habitats is healthy city idea. The purpose of this study is to analyze the status of healthy city indicators and the spatial distribution of these indicators in the new city of Sahand. Data and Method The study area of this research is the new city of Sahand, in the northwest of Iran, at a distance of 20 km from the city of Tabriz. The city has an area of 498 ha and a population of 80795 people. In the research, 38 indicators were selected as indicators of a healthy city and were classified into 4 dimensions. Part of the data was extracted from the GIS file of the 2016 Iranian Population and Housing Public Census and the other part was gathered through a survey using a questionnaire. Sample people including 378 household heads. The data was entered into the GIS to form a uniform shapefile. Then, by producing spatial distribution maps, spatial analysis was performed. Then, by transferring the data to SPSS software, a one-sample t-test was performed. Results and Discussion T-test results showed that the mean of the 38 indicators is 2.99, which is slightly lower than the assumed mean (3). Among the four dimensions of the indicators, the physical one shows a better situation the others, so that the figure is 3.69, which is 0.69 higher than the assumed mean. As the city has constructed in recent decades in accordance to a pre-designed plan, the indicators have shown a better situation in this regard. After the physical dimension, the environmental one shows a higher value than the assumed mean and it was 3.33.In terms of environmental dimesion, relatively large distance from pollution resources, being enclosed in a valley and northwest winds, has removed air pollution from the city. The low density of cars on the roads has caused the residents to be satisfied with the lack of noise pollution. Connecting almost all the houses to the municipal sewage network, proper slope of lands, low density of population and the absence of worn buildings are some of the environmental advantages of the city. At the same time, poor waste management and non-observance of environmental cleanliness by citizens are low-scoring indicators in this dimension.The values of socio-cultural and economic dimensions are lower than the assumed mean. Their values are 2.63 and 2.52 respectively. High value of the indicators of literacy, safety and security are the three indicators with higher values in this dimension. On the contrary, medical facilities, cultural services, leisure and sports facilities are indicators with a lower value in this dimension. In the economic dimension, except for employment, insurance coverage and job satisfaction, the other indicators show a very low value.In terms of spatial distribution, the indicators of a healthy city in Phase 1 of the city has a better situation. In this Phase, the average valueof the indicators is 3.08. In Phase 2, in the southern parts, it has a higher value, but the in phase 2, it is slightly lower than the assumed mean (2.97). At most areas of the Phases of 3 and 4, where construction is still ongoing and service coverage, infrastructure and facilities are not completed, the value of indicators are low. In Phase 3, the average value of the indicators is 2.95 and in phase 4 it is 2.76.ConclusionAnalyzing healthy city indicators indicated that Sahand represents a medium situation of a complete healthy city. In this city, for reasons that are mostly originated from national economy, there are many shortcomings in the economic indicators of a healthy city. However, due to the existence of a proper labor market near the city, unemployment rate is lower and insurance coverage is higher than most cities in Iran. But due to inflation, the incomes of the urban community, most of which are salaried, have not been able to provide them with the goods and services they need to live healthily. Due to the government's financial inability in recent years, it has not been made sufficient investment in urban services, facilities and infrastructure. The dormitory function of the city and the low financial capacity of its resident could not provide the municipality with the necessary financial resources to invest in developing urban facilities and infrastructures . In terms of spatial distribution, in the zones and phases where the construction was done earlier (Phases 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively), indicators values were higher than new constructed ones. In areas under construction or semi-residential, market conditions lead to less private sector activity.
Urban Planning
Mohammad Hosein Yazdani; Ebrahim Firoozei Majande
Abstract
Uneven and unequal distribution of public land has been one of the consequences of libertine urban growth in the recent decades that has led to an unbalance in the distribution of urban public lands. This has had enormous implications, one of them being the lack of equal access to municipal services ...
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Uneven and unequal distribution of public land has been one of the consequences of libertine urban growth in the recent decades that has led to an unbalance in the distribution of urban public lands. This has had enormous implications, one of them being the lack of equal access to municipal services for citizens. Due to political and political developments in Ardabil during the recent decades this city achieved a massive physical growth so that this libertine physical growth has led to an unbalanced distribution of public land and caused forming a bipolar wealthy and deprived city. Accordingly this study aims at investigating and analyzing the public land distribution manner to evaluate the distribution of public utility and to grade and determine wealthy and deprived urban regions. This study employs descriptive-analytical method and essentially could have applied nature. To collect data the library method was used. To achieve study objectives two hypotheses were designed, in order to test the first one spatial autocorrelation analysis tools and the nearest neighbor index and to test the second one Kernel density function were used.
Urban Planning
najma Esmaeelpour; farzaneh Dasta; samaneh Iraji
Volume 19, Issue 52 , June 2015, , Pages 1-24
Abstract
Library is a very significant center for transferring information and it has an important role in improving peoples’ knowledge and awareness. However, due to some external and internal factor some libraries have a lot of applicants while some have few ones. One of the most important and useful ...
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Library is a very significant center for transferring information and it has an important role in improving peoples’ knowledge and awareness. However, due to some external and internal factor some libraries have a lot of applicants while some have few ones. One of the most important and useful external factors on the number of the applicants in the public libraries is the location and geographical distribution of them in the city texture. Accordingly this article is going to analyze the spatial distribution of public library in Yazd by using software like GIS, Excel, SPSS and descriptive-analytic methods Entropy and Gini index are used for evaluating balanced distribution, Moran and Gary index used for public libraries’ scattering and general G index used for their kinds of concentration based on techniques related to spatial auto-correlation. “The nearest neighborhood” method is used for determining the kind of public libraries’ distribution and numerical Taxonomy method used for investigating the number of different areas in the city which have this service. Necessary data such as libraries’ maps, eight-side district of Yazd and related information are gathered by library method. The results show that there are some imbalances and disparity in the distribution of libraries’ in Yazd. Also, their distribution and concentration model is random or scattered with low concentration (cold spot) which expresses the fact that areas with less availability are located close to each other. In addition, different areas do not have the same facilities in their public libraries and 3-2 district has the most facilities while 1-3 districts have the least ones.
Jamal Mohammadi; Asghar Zarrabi; Hossein Pourgayyoumi
Volume 16, Issue 38 , February 2012, , Pages 123-152
Abstract
Nowadays the industrial pollutions have destructive influences on biology environment and the life of their inhibitors. For reducing the destructive effects of these biological hits, the most effective and at the same time the simplest way is to improve the Green space and biology. The geographic information ...
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Nowadays the industrial pollutions have destructive influences on biology environment and the life of their inhibitors. For reducing the destructive effects of these biological hits, the most effective and at the same time the simplest way is to improve the Green space and biology. The geographic information software by utilizing different analysis functions, allows the incorporation of spatial and non-spatial data and also the management and simultaneous analysis of them, thus it can be used as an instrument for city planners. In the Kazerun city that was studied in this article, the excessive lack of green space and un just distribution of that is highly sensed. This study searches for efficient distribution of Green space by using hierarchy analysis (AHP) and index overlap model (IO). To obtain this aim, by using the GIS software and after going through data collection stage, providing new data layers, sorting and valuating the layers and at last, weighing and data layers overlapping, we prioritize the Kazrun city lands for new Green space development. At last, we divided these lands to very good, good, medial, weak and very weak that after adapting this map to land facts, the very good and good land classes were chosen for Green space development (local or City Park). The current research method is descriptive-analytic. The required information of this research were collected from field observation, comprehensive design study and descriptive of Kazerun city, 1/2000 maps of current situation
