Urban Planning
Nader Ezadbin; Hassan Mahmoudzadeh; Rasoul Ghoebani
Abstract
Introduction
Today, political ecology; It is a pluralistic thought that includes everything that was once exclusively the focus of attention. One of the most important consequences of the rapid growth of urbanization and the physical development of the country's cities in recent decades has been ...
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Introduction
Today, political ecology; It is a pluralistic thought that includes everything that was once exclusively the focus of attention. One of the most important consequences of the rapid growth of urbanization and the physical development of the country's cities in recent decades has been the disintegration of the distribution system of urban service centers, which has become the basis for the social inequality of citizens in enjoying these services.
Data and Method
The general population and housing census of 2015 and the map of Karaj metropolitan areas, statistical information on crime rate and addiction will be prepared and used from the police force organization; and the discussion of political ecology in the field of green spaces in the 1990s to 2023s will be investigated. In the field survey section, the opinions of experts will be used to determine the state of spatial justice of green space in the areas of Karaj metropolis.
Results and Discussion
Regions 8 and 11 have a high per capita population due to the small population and the large area of parks, the presence of family garden, apple garden, Fateh garden and small Iran. But other regions suffer from a severe lack of urban parks at the neighborhood to regional level, which requires proportional distribution according to the population of each region and taking into account the accepted standards in the field of per capita urban green spaces, especially parks. Parks should be done in the areas of Karaj city.
Conclusion
Another type of vegetation application is in the lands around the neighbourhood and its outskirts, which have been planted over the years by the municipality and the pastures and forestry organization. This covering has now formed the dominant natural appearance of the neighbourhood.
Urban Planning
Reza Motahar; Seyed Abdolhadi Daneshpour; Mohammadsaleh Shokouhibidhendi
Abstract
The urban planning system is responsible for solving many of the city's problems that lead to the realization and formation of spatial justice. This is while some of the planner’s decisions to promote this importance in urban plans have not been successful. It seems that one of the most important ...
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The urban planning system is responsible for solving many of the city's problems that lead to the realization and formation of spatial justice. This is while some of the planner’s decisions to promote this importance in urban plans have not been successful. It seems that one of the most important problems in planning the city of Tehran is the weakness of the mechanisms and models presented to adjust the existing spatial inequalities and promote spatial justice. The aim of the current research is to explain the conceptual framework of spatial justice with emphasis on the place and capacities of sustainable tourism in Tehran.
This research, with an interpretive and critical paradigm, uses inductive, deductive and interrogative; the research is fundamental and qualitative. The strategy of collecting information is library and field, and its method is logical and analytical reasoning. Concepts and standards of spatial justice with emphasis on sustainable tourism are explained in the form of a conceptual framework, and by using the two-stage Delphi technique, the consensus of experts has been made regarding its validation.
The results show that some of the criteria of these two concepts have semantic affinity with each other. That these criteria were placed in one category and finally considered as themes of spatial justice in urban tourism. Also, after explaining the conceptual framework, the researcher's autonomous definition of each of these criteria, which include environmental conditions, service centers, access and movement, public benefit, facilities and facilities, the amount of investment, diversity, freedom, participation and security based on Islamic requirements and The native conditions of Tehran city were stated.
Explaining the conceptual framework of spatial justice by using effective and practical models, including sustainable tourism, has an effective effect and role in the promotion of spatial justice in Tehran.
Urban Planning
ali saberi; Ahmad Pourahmad; saeed zanganeh Shahraki
Abstract
Urbanization, which began in simple, centralized societies that were primarily reflections of different social forces, has led to significant environmental changes in cities, especially with the increase in urban population, which has led to the collapse of the urban services distribution system and ...
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Urbanization, which began in simple, centralized societies that were primarily reflections of different social forces, has led to significant environmental changes in cities, especially with the increase in urban population, which has led to the collapse of the urban services distribution system and the unequal distribution of citizens using urban services. The current study aims to evaluate the distribution of urban services in Yasouj city from the perspective of spatial justice and to identify the root causes of imbalances and inequalities to offer a suitable solution. This is because the issue of spatial justice is crucial to the distribution of urban services. This article used a descriptive-Causal research method. The distribution pattern of urban services was determined using the Average Nearest Neighbor (ANN) and network analysis index, and the contributing elements in the imbalance of urban services were determined using the Delphi technique. The relationship between the variables, their level of influence, the prioritization of each variable, and eventually the relevant measures to lessen the imbalance of urban services was determined after the elements in the MICMAC program were found. The results collected demonstrate the cluster distribution of urban services as well as the centralized, unprincipled, and ineffective distribution of these services at the level of Yasouj city's regions and districts. The analysis's findings also indicated that the unequal distribution of urban services in Yasouj city is mostly caused by permissive rules and regulations, high economic rents, and intense owner pressure. Finally, under the findings, suggestions for establishing spatial justice in the city of Yasouj and a fair allocation of services were made.
Urban Planning
sara mirzaei; Ali Zanghiabadi
Abstract
Introduction Existence of urban facilities and infrastructures is one of the effective factors in creating a happy city because without leisure spaces, public spaces where people are present and communication is increased and without cultural, educational, health, Sports facilities and services, ...
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Introduction Existence of urban facilities and infrastructures is one of the effective factors in creating a happy city because without leisure spaces, public spaces where people are present and communication is increased and without cultural, educational, health, Sports facilities and services, as the basic needs of the citizens, a happy city cannot be created. Tourism is also one of the most important areas of life that creates happiness and therefore overall life satisfaction. Therefore, in this study, an attempt is made to study the urban development indices related to tourism, to determine the status of Shiraz city in terms of these indices as effective indicators in creating a happy city. Shiraz Urban development has taken a linear form and the location of urban land use has been largely inappropriate and out of science. Shiraz, as the international tourism counter, the third shrine of Ahl al-Bayt, and as the third Iranian tourist city, needs dynamic, happy and vital citizens. Happy citizens have a better interaction with tourists and pilgrims, thereby increasing their satisfaction and attracting more tourists. Since the most important step in development planning as well as the realization of a happy city is to reduce imbalances and inequality, it will be possible to diagnosis the direction and type of development by determining the degree of development of each of the urban zones of Shiraz. Research questions are: 1. How is the development status of Shiraz zones in terms of the indicators that are effective in achieving the happy city? 2. What are the Priority variables affecting the balance of urban space?A happy city is a city with a high quality of life that is the result of meeting the needs of inhabitants in the best possible way and tourism is one of the most important areas of life that creates happiness and thus overall life satisfaction. In the new geography, justice and injustice cannot be confined to measuring economic inequalities, because space is a fundamental dimension of human society, and justice and injustice appear in space. Environmental justice is equality of people by their needs, abilities, efforts and impact on the production of society, so it is treated equally with all residents wherever they live. In urban planning, the physical-spatial distribution of urban elements and services is balanced and commensurate with the needs of citizens in each neighborhood and urban area. Harvey has identified need as the most important criterion of justice. The basic needs that are nowadays called essential services in urban planning and management can be the basis for measuring spatial justice. In order to achieve balance and equilibrium in each city, studies are needed to identify the current status of the city and to resolve failures, deprivation, and equitable distribution of facilities and services. This can be a step towards making the city happy. One of the most important theories that relates place to happiness is the need / livability theory. This theory considers happiness as a result of objective living conditions and meeting needs, and states that improved objective conditions such as urban and physical or economic conditions will lead to greater happiness. Many cities are not livable, because of city problems such as poverty and crime; but even successful cities are not livable in many ways. There is also lack of nature and recreational spaces in cities. Finally, most people cannot afford good housing, especially in the largest cities. Others live somewhere on the fringes and commute long hours. Commuting is the worst thing that reduces happiness. Large cities are less livable than smaller ones. More precisely, cities are less acceptable to most people; the rich can afford a good life in a city. Therefore, access to urban amenities and services is an important factor in the livability of cities and the happiness of citizens. In some cases, when basic needs are met, more money does not bring more happiness. Likewise, spending is a poor way to buy much more happiness. So how can lasting happiness be achieved? We need to buy experiences (e.g., holidays, recreation centers), not things (e.g., a luxury home or car). According to this theory, leisure spaces for people and tourists should be created and city facilities and infrastructures should be balanced at city level, especially in big cities. Methodology The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The Modified Numerical Taxonomy, WASPAS & MABAK methods were used for statistical analysis. Softwars used for data analysis included WASPAS, Taxonomy Solver, Excel and Arc GIS. In this study, urban land uses and services have been studied. Results & Discussion Based on the taxonomy analysis based on all the indices studied, it was found that none of the Shiraz zones were included in the developed level. Zones 8 & 1 are relatively developed. Zones 2, 3, 6 and 10 are in the third level, i.e. relatively deprived. Zones 4, 5, 7, 9 and 11 are in the lowest level and are among the deprived areas in terms of Indicators of urban development in related to tourism. In general, whether we move away from the city center, the zones become deprived. The zones around zone 8 are in the higher ranks, Then, the northern and southern zones are in the lower ranks, respectively. Conclusion The results showed that the Shiraz is not in a good condition in terms of physical characteristics of urban development and tourism infrastructure. Distributive justice for different land uses has not been regarded and most of them are concentrated in some urban zones. In fact, the lack of proper distribution of urban land uses and their concentration in some areas, especially in the central part of the city, has caused the zones to be in poor condition for all indicators and therefore none of the zones are in good condition.
Urban Planning
Shahrivar rostaei; Shiva Alizadeh
Abstract
Introduction Spatial and regional inequalities are rooted in many issues, including; Implementing wrong policies by the center in the direction of zoning, Budget distribution and facilities, Improper administrative and political divisions and inconsistencies between different organizations to provide ...
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Introduction Spatial and regional inequalities are rooted in many issues, including; Implementing wrong policies by the center in the direction of zoning, Budget distribution and facilities, Improper administrative and political divisions and inconsistencies between different organizations to provide better services and perform assigned tasks, The concentration of population and facilities and immigration has increased in some places, which causes polarization and reduces facilities, Lack of optimal allocation of resources and credits and lack of proper regional policy in this field and finally these discrepancies and differences in different regions have eliminated sufficient integration and coherence for the evolution of development and it has highlighted the existing divisions and differences in all areas of development, and this trend has a definite and inevitable effect on the city, region and province. And it automatically transforms development policies, albeit correctly, and provides barriers to sustainable development. In this study, considering that in the province of West Azerbaijan, there is inequality and lack of optimal distribution of facilities and resources with the focus on facilities and services in the first dominant city, divergence and development gap between regions. It tries to collect various indicators and metrics in the fields of economics, social, physical, health-treatment and services to determine the extent to which the cities of West Azerbaijan province have convenience, facilities, etc. And with the help of common techniques for analyzing regional inequality to achieve balanced development, efforts are being made to determine which facilities and convenience are available in which cities, and in which cities these facilities and conveniences are scarce. The purpose of this article is to measure spatial justice in the distribution of public services among the cities of West Azerbaijan Province. To achieve the goal of the research, the main question is whether there is inequality between 17 cities of West Azerbaijan province in terms of spatial distribution of services? And we are trying to answer this question. Methodology: The research method used in this paper is based on descriptive-analytical method. Various documentary-library methods have been used to gather information. In order to achieve the objectives of this research, it extracted raw data from the statistical yearbook of 1392 and then converted the raw data into an index, which finally added 41 indicators to the SPSS software to explain the measurement of spatial justice. And after analyzing 41 indicators, 10 factors have finally emerged. Population, educational, cultural, health, religious, medical services, services (telephone, electricity), education (for exceptional children), health (laboratory), socio-cultural, social and welfare are divided into demographic factors. In this article, the statistical population are 17 cities of West Azerbaijan. To analyze the data using the factor analysis method used, in factor analysis, it is argued that whenever a number of variables are correlated with the subject under study, they are also correlated with each other. If the correlation between the variables is low, they do not appear to be contributing factors. Results and discussion: Educational agents for Boukan, Naqadeh and Urmia counties are ranked 1 to 3, respectively. And demographic factors for Urmia, Miandoab and Khoy counties are ranked 1 to 3, respectively. Health-cultural factor that Poldasht, Makovarumieh counties are ranked 1 to 3, respectively. Religious factor for Chaypareh, Miandoab and Shahin Dej counties are ranked 1-3 respectively. The ratio of registered religious delegations and the reliance on operational factors are at a high level, ie they are at a high level of significance, which is why this factor has been named as a religious factor. Therapeutic services for Mako, Chaldoran, Salmas counties are ranked 1 to 3, respectively. The ratios of active medical institutions, general practitioners, and rehabilitation centers are at a high level. This means that they are at a high level of significance, which is why this factor has been named as a factor in medical services. Service agent for Sardasht, Takab, Chaypareh counties are ranked 1 to 3, respectively. Educational agent for exceptional students for Piranshahr, Chaipareh and Oshnoyeh counties are ranked 1 to 3, respectively. Laboratory agents for Shahin Dej, Khoy and Chaldoran counties are ranked 1 to 3, respectively. The socio-cultural factors of Urmia, Oshnavieh and Boukan counties are ranked 1 to 3, respectively, and the social and welfare factors of Urmia, Chaypareh and Chaldoran counties are ranked 1 to 3, respectively. Conclusion: The leveling results of the cities showed that the cities of West Azerbaijan province were in unbalanced conditions; And since this leveling has been done in relation to the population and the area, we find that there is a significant relationship between the population of the cities and the area and level of public services. According to these results, the cities of Urmia, Khoy, Naghadeh are ranked first to third, respectively, and the cities of Piranshahr, Takab, and Buchan are ranked the last, respectively.
GIS&RS
Asgar Zarabi; Rasoul Babanasab; Alireza Rahimichamchani; Jabar Alizadehasl
Abstract
Nowadays ICT (Information and Communication Technology) as a new dominant paradigm of development has become the focus of all the aspects of development and progress by influencing the way of thinking and acting and changing life and work patterns and in fact it is considered as both the reason and the ...
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Nowadays ICT (Information and Communication Technology) as a new dominant paradigm of development has become the focus of all the aspects of development and progress by influencing the way of thinking and acting and changing life and work patterns and in fact it is considered as both the reason and the sign of development. Due to the growing benefits of adopting this technology in order to achieve economic, social and political goals and sustainable development, following appropriate strategies and approaches for using ICT in our country is a must. Due to the fundamental and key role of ICT in achieving sustainable development and knowing that digital divide between regions has overshadowed the spatial and geographical justice and has provoked the uneven and unbalanced development of the regions of the country, any plan or program in developing ICT in the country should be based on the studying and understanding the current situation of ICT in the regions of the country and should be used to remove or eliminate the digital divide. In this research the development of the provinces of the country in terms of ICT was examined and these provinces were rated and ranked. In order to do so, we made use of 40 indicators and unique soft wares and models like GIS, SPSS, TOPSIS, scattering coefficient, weight rating technique, linear scale-up method, Pearson coefficient and so on. The findings of the study indicated that the provinces of the country are not in a good situation in terms of ICT and Tehran province as the first rank in terms of ICT was semi-developed. There are imbalances and disparities to some extent among the provinces of the country in terms of ICT development or in other words digital divide in such a way that Tehran province as the first rank was 2.5 times more developed than the last rank (Northern- Khorasan) and in general the first rank provinces were nearly twice times more developed than the fifth rank provinces. Also, ICT development correlated with population and especially with urban percentage; meaning that generally speaking, the most facilities and usages of ICT are focused in the provinces with more population and urban percentage. At last in order to eliminate or remove digital divide and balancing long-term development, the provinces of the country were ranked for achieving ICT development.
