Urban Planning
abbas maroofnezhad
Abstract
IntroductionOne of the main problems in worn-out and dysfunctional fabrics in today's cities is not paying attention to the concept of social issues or factors as one of the important capacities in urban localities, since the traditional communication and interaction system has changed drastically in ...
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IntroductionOne of the main problems in worn-out and dysfunctional fabrics in today's cities is not paying attention to the concept of social issues or factors as one of the important capacities in urban localities, since the traditional communication and interaction system has changed drastically in most big cities. One of their worrying manifestations is the weakening of social relations among the citizens. The evolution course of urban regeneration has shifted from paying attention to physical dimension to social, economic and cultural dimensions during about three decades of theorizing and implementing the urban regeneration approach, and it has led to the emergence of community-based urban regeneration. This approach has sought social interaction and an emphasis on the role of social groups. Also, according to the results of urban regeneration measures in different parts of the world, the trust and participation of citizens, as an effective component in the success of regeneration projects, is not be spontaneous and requires the involvement of many factors and it is achieved by social issues by involving in the process of regeneration. Data and MethodThe methodology of this research is applied in terms of aim. It is also survey based on the research method, conducted by using a questionnaire. The analytical section of the research was conducted by survey method using a questionnaire. Accordingly, the opinions of 379 citizens of the three studied localities, who were selected using a convenience random method, were used. Also, to determine the validity of the questionnaire, the Delphi method was used by a number of experts and university professors, and by obtaining the opinions of the mentioned people, the necessary corrections were made in the questionnaire questions. Thus, it was ensured that the questionnaire measures the desired variables of the research. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to calculate the reliability and its value was estimated at about 0.65. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the collected data. Then, data were entered to SPSS software and a multi-criteria questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from very high to very low, was developed to evaluate five indicators and 36 variables of the level of satisfaction of citizens living in the study areas. Then, to check the normality of data distribution, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used and to check the status of research variables, sign test was used. Also, the weighting of variables was done by entropy model and ranking of localities was done using MABAC technique. Results and DiscussionAhvaz metropolis with an area of 31800 hectares, as the third largest city in the country, has several worn-out fabrics in its eight urban districts. In the metropolis of Ahvaz, 30 to 35% of the city limits are within the legal limits and are known as worn-out fabrics and non-allowed settlements. Out of 124 localities in Ahvaz metropolis, more than twelve localities are considered as worn-out urban fabrics. In the present study, to evaluate the performance of social issues in worn-out and dysfunctional fabrics of the three studied localities (Khazalieh, Ameri and Hasirabad), five indicators (social belonging, social cohesion, social cooperation, social security and social trust) and 36 variables according to the studies were selected. The present article revealed that based the results of urban regeneration measures in different parts of the world, the trust and participation of citizens as an effective component in the success of regeneration projects will not be spontaneous and require the involvement of many factors and it is achieved by social issues (sense of social belonging, social cohesion, social security) by involving in the process of regeneration. Conclusion Considering the 50-year history of government involvement in dysfunctional urban fabrics, new and diverse methods of intervention in urban fabrics are being carefully considered nowadays. Little attention has been paid to social factors. The general results of the sign test show that Ameri locality with a mean of 3.16 has a better status than the other two localities in terms of research variables. Also, the results of MABAC technique show that Ameri locality with Si value of 0.260 is ranked first, followed by Khazalieh and Hasirabad localities with Si values of 0.076 and -0.164 are ranked second and third, respectively, in terms of five selected indicators. The main issue of this study in comparison with previous studies is that any change in the improvement and modification of research variables in each of the studied localities, including social and individual behavior of residents, social relations of neighbors, locality social security, locality service facilities, cooperation among residents (residents’ participation), trust and belief of locality residents to each other and to the government, the interaction of service providers with the residents of the locality, etc. is very difficult due to the social conditions of these localities (different ethnicities, low literacy, low-income classes, inadequate security, improper education, high birth rates, etc.). The main reason can be the social and cultural characteristics of these localities and getting used to this lifestyle over the past few decades, which have shown resistance to any change.
Urban Planning
ESMAEL NASIRI HENDEH KHALEH; fazlollah esmaeili; REYHANEH YOUNESI SANDI; hassan nezafat takleh
Abstract
Introduction
Over the past few decades, the social sustainability of urban areas has become an important planning model in developed countries. The present study aims to assess the social sustainability of urban neighborhoods in District 15 of Tehran with an emphasis on the land-use mix index. The land-use ...
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Introduction
Over the past few decades, the social sustainability of urban areas has become an important planning model in developed countries. The present study aims to assess the social sustainability of urban neighborhoods in District 15 of Tehran with an emphasis on the land-use mix index. The land-use mix and distribution of activities are among the factors affecting the social sustainability of urban neighborhoods. These two factors are examined with items such as accessibility of land-uses, distribution of land-uses, diversity and equality of land-uses, age and compatibility of land-uses, design considerations in land-use planning are examined. And social sustainability, as a dependent variable, is investigated at the urban neighborhood level with items such as involvement and empowerment of local communities, sense of belonging to neighborhoods, security and health, capital and social solidarity, the cultural identity of neighborhoods, vitality of neighborhoods, social accountability and sense of neighborhood.
Data and Method
The present study is applied, descriptive-survey research in which data are collected using both library and field studies. Using a library study, the required indices are extracted by reviewing relevant studies and theories on land-use mix and sustainability. First, the land-use mix measure of each neighborhood is calculated using Shannon entropy and the studied indices in the neighborhoods are ranked using the COPRAS method. Due to the lack of a standard questionnaire on the research subject, a researcher-made questionnaire is used. The statistical population includes urban managers and experts as well as the residents of the study areas. The sample size is estimated to be 385 using Cochran's formula. The questionnaires are distributed according to the population of the neighborhoods. The reliability of the questionnaire is estimated to be above 0.8 using Cochran's alpha, indicating that the items or questions are fully related to each other. To analyze the relationships between variables. Spearman's correlation coefficient, descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as one-sample t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test, are used in SPSS software.
Results and Discussion
In total, 81.2% of the respondents are men and 17.9% are women. Most of the respondents are in the 38-52 age group. The results of Shannon entropy show the weights of each land-use mix index, with the greatest weight (0.9943) for the component of accessibility to land-uses and the least weight (0.7542) for the component of design considerations in land-use planning. The studied neighborhoods are at different levels in terms of social sustainability; so the neighborhoods of North Afsariyeh (NJ= 98.23), South Afsariyeh (NJ= 96.83), and North Kianshahr (NJ=84.23) have the best situation in the land-use mix indices while the neighborhoods of Hashemabad (NJ = 27.043), and Minayi (NJ = 22.43) are in the worst condition.
Conclusion
The results of the research show that in the studied neighborhoods, "accessibility to land-uses" (β = 0.485), "the density of land-uses" (β = 0.482), and "the distribution of land-uses" (β = 0.479) are the most important indices of social sustainability, respectively. The social sustainability of urban neighborhoods is affected by several factors, one of which is the land-use mix index. The present study is conducted to investigate the social sustainability of urban neighborhoods in District 15 of Tehran with an emphasis on the effectiveness of the land-use mix index. To investigate the social sustainability of neighborhoods, the following indicators are studied: involvement of local communities, sense of belonging, security, social capital, cultural identity, vitality, and social accountability. Moreover, to investigate the impact of the land-use mix index on social sustainability, the following indicators are investigated: accessibility of land-uses, land-use density, distribution of land-uses, land-use diversity, age, and compatibility of land-uses, are design considerations in land-use planning. Weighting land-use mix indices using Shannon entropy shows that the greatest weight (0.9943) belongs to the "accessibility of land-uses" component. In the next step, in order to measure the social sustainability of urban neighborhoods, the VIKOR method is used.
Urban Planning
keramatollah ziari; noosha hamghadam
Abstract
Introduction
The cities are considered as the centers of social, economic and space development, and the most appropriate places for the occurrence of problems. therefore, the main manifestations of development are negative and positive, mainly in cities and one of the tasks of modern societies is the ...
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Introduction
The cities are considered as the centers of social, economic and space development, and the most appropriate places for the occurrence of problems. therefore, the main manifestations of development are negative and positive, mainly in cities and one of the tasks of modern societies is the creation of cities and sustainable localities in economic, environment, and special space - physical. The innovation of the present study is the use of all development indicators simultaneously to identify and verify the current situation, which has not been done in any study for the city of Gorgan. the aim of this study is to measure and analyze the level of physical, economic, biological, social and security of urban localities. the present study is applicable in terms of purpose, and its method is descriptive analytical. The statistical population of the study includes all people living in zone 3 of Gorgan city. In the present study, Cochran's formula was used to calculate the sample size and the sample size was estimated to be 384 people. to determine the sample size, the appropriate attribution method was used. the research results show that the new Gorgan neighborhood is located in the best stable condition, after which the neighborhood of Khayyam is located and the neighborhoods of Jangal School, Mikcheh Garan neighborhood, Sarpir and Dabaghan neighborhoods, Kianshahr alley, Javadieh alley, Hafez alley, Buyeh neighborhood are in the next ranks in terms of local sustainability. In addition, there is a lot of inequality in the level of stability of a neighborhood in Gorgan. The results of this research can be used for Gorgan Municipality and the City Council and the Road and Urban Development Administration to intervene to recreate and provide more appropriate services to citizens.
Gorgan, like many large cities in the country, faces many problems, including development instability, and this issue reaches its highest level in some neighborhoods. Although neighborhoods are the core of urban life, they have no place in the formal spatial planning system. This has led to an intensification of development instability in them. In the face of the problematic growth of cities, different planning approaches are looking for realistic solutions for urban development, one of the most important approaches is the approach of sustainable development in neighborhoods and urban contexts. While to achieve the stability of society, more attention should be paid to the lower levels. This inconsistent understanding of urban sustainability leads to the lack of an integrated solution and coordinated measures to address such a complex issue, thus necessitating a comprehensive understanding of urban sustainability.
Methodology
This research is considered as a descriptive-analytical method and in terms of how to collect the required information and data, it is considered as a field and survey research. The present study was applied in terms of purpose. This research has been done in two parts: documentary and field studies. The technique of studying documents, which is based on taking notes from books and written works, has been used to be aware of the opinions of experts in the field of concepts and theoretical issues related to the field of research. The statistical population of the study includes the residents of the neighborhoods of District 3 of Gorgan (114348) which has an area of 1,523 hectares. Among them, 384 individuals were selected by convenience sampling
Results and Discussion
The stability of neighborhoods in the region of three cities of Gorgan is unbalanced. Out of nine neighborhoods, three neighborhoods (Sarpir and Dabaghan neighborhoods, Khayyam alley and Jangal school) studied with the development sustainability index with 95% probability had a significant level higher than (0.05) and their performance in creating sustainability was not accepted. In general, according to the average results, it can be said that the region of three cities of Gorgan is low in terms of the level of neighborhood stability, and therefore the attention of managers and city officials, especially Gorgan Municipality in this regard is necessary to take measures to Increase the sustainability of the neighborhood. In fact, the more development develops in an area, the more sustainable the level of human settlements or neighborhoods.
Conclusion
According to the results, the averages of physical, environmental, economic, social and security dimensions are less than average (3), so the components and sustainability dimensions of Gorgan neighborhoods are in a lower than average condition. The results showed that there is a significant difference in stability between residential areas of Gorgan in residential contexts. So that the average stability of the new Gorgan neighborhood is in the best condition compared to other neighborhoods. Khayyam alley neighborhood. The neighborhoods of Jangal School, Mikcheh Garan, Sar Pir and Dabaghan neighborhoods, Kianshahr alley, Javadieh alley, Buyeh neighborhood are in the next ranks in terms of sustainability.
