Climatology
Mohsen Hamidianpour
Abstract
The city of Mashhad, with a population of more than 3 million people, ranks as Iran's second-largest city. To enhance its resilience against environmental hazards, the adoption of new technologies is increasingly essential. On May 26, 1403, during a 48-minute rain due to the formation of a cumulonimbus ...
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The city of Mashhad, with a population of more than 3 million people, ranks as Iran's second-largest city. To enhance its resilience against environmental hazards, the adoption of new technologies is increasingly essential. On May 26, 1403, during a 48-minute rain due to the formation of a cumulonimbus cloud and the strengthening of its ascending conditions by a Trough on top of it, a flood occurred in the city of Mashhad led to heavy financial and human losses in different areas. This study aims to explore both natural and human factors contributing to the flood through a holistic approach. To analyze the synoptic meteorological causes, data from the ERA-5 and its maps were utilized in GrADS. Additionally, Landsat satellite imagery and digital elevation data were employed to identify waterways and canals. Google Earth and GEE software were also used to assess changes in the landscape. The results showed that in terms of intensity and duration of rainfall, the rainfall was unprecedented rainfall, and according to the threshold of 95% percentile, it is considered as extreme rainfall category (above 95% percentile). The results of this study clearly show that human encroachments, especially in urban construction and the expansion of urban roads and highways perpendicular to the seasonal and dry rivers of the city, have strongly affected the water flow pattern and increased the risk of floods. The neglect of urban geomorphology, including the destruction of natural water pathways, the construction of barriers against water flows ways like those in the Seyyedi region, and the expansion of roads perpendicular to these waterways, was intensified flooding issues in various areas in Mashhad city.
Urban Planning
Mostafa Amirfakhrian; haniyeh laghaya; Mobina rajabi
Abstract
Female spaces are important topics in urban studies. The performance of some of these spaces (such as jewelry stores) is such that they attract women's population in a meaningful way without the requirement of limiting the presence of men. Therefore, the present study intends to evaluate the pattern ...
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Female spaces are important topics in urban studies. The performance of some of these spaces (such as jewelry stores) is such that they attract women's population in a meaningful way without the requirement of limiting the presence of men. Therefore, the present study intends to evaluate the pattern of gold shops in the urban spaces, while choosing two regions with different income status from Mashhad and show the visible differences in the distribution of such spaces (according to the income level of each region). and what unwritten rules does this model follow? The descriptive-analytical study method and the statistical population also includes all gold shops located in areas 1 and 5 of Mashhad (including 630 gold shops). In the first step, after creating a location database in ArcGis, the location of gold shops was determined based on the information available in Mashhad Municipal Union Bank. In the continuation of using 7 variables (from the locational characteristics of gold shops and the elements of the spatial structure of each region), including the absolute location, size, time of establishment of each gold shop, proximity to surrounding uses, roads and communication arteries, the population and the population of women, the spatial differences regarding the establishment of gold shops were investigated. . The investigated models include "density model", "center of gravity", "standard distance", "nearest neighbor", "spatial autocorrelation" and "spatio-temporal model". The results show that in developed areas, women's spaces are less consistent with the distribution of women's population, while in low-income areas, women's spaces are more compatible with local elements such as proximity to bus stations, local arteries, and residential spaces. . At the same time, the common point in this regularity is the prosperity of these spaces over time. which seems to lead urban spaces to become more feminine in the future.
Urban Planning
Mostafa Amirfakhrian; samane bagherzade
Abstract
The purpose of this study is the sociability of public spaces in District 1 of Mashhad, and it seeks to show how the quality of people's presence in these spaces has changed as a result of the spread of Corona. The study is descriptive-analytical and the research variables are based on a conceptual model ...
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The purpose of this study is the sociability of public spaces in District 1 of Mashhad, and it seeks to show how the quality of people's presence in these spaces has changed as a result of the spread of Corona. The study is descriptive-analytical and the research variables are based on a conceptual model including 4 components of attendance, security, public health and public space management in the form of 55 variables. The scale of the study also includes all public spaces in Region 1. For this purpose, using Cochran's formula, 356 questionnaires were completed from the attendees in the public space. After entering the Spss software, the collected data were evaluated by inferential tests such as "one-sample t-test", "two-sample independent t-test", "paired" and "correlation test". took By combining information through logical methods, the story of the sociability of public spaces in the format of "4 curtains" was set according to the characteristics of acquired background (education and marriage) and non-acquired background (age and gender) of users. The first act of the story" showed higher stress and unwillingness of participation of men compared to women in public space. The "second curtain" indicated that married people have stronger motivations and desire to interact more with others compared to single people. "The third act of the story" showed the decrease in attendance, unwillingness to work together in the public space, and a feeling of insecurity among literate people compared to people with a lower level of literacy, and the "fourth act" also showed the trend towards virtual space. , confirmed the lack of need for street lighting, reduced presence and understanding of strangers among older people. Additional findings indicate the effective role of public vaccination in improving the sense of presence of residents in the public space after the outbreak of Corona.
