Land use Planning
Rahimeh Rostami; Ali Mohammadkhorshidduost
Abstract
Introduction One of the physical factors in the development of Maragheh is the change of utilities and their conversion into residential use, which in turn have a direct impact on the process of physical development. The city of Maragheh is one of the most important cities in East Azerbaijan province, ...
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Introduction One of the physical factors in the development of Maragheh is the change of utilities and their conversion into residential use, which in turn have a direct impact on the process of physical development. The city of Maragheh is one of the most important cities in East Azerbaijan province, which has no exception to the rule of physical development. In this research, the characteristics of the city development process are examined physically. Statistics show the growing population in the city of Maragheh during the years 1966 to 2011. Understanding the factors affecting the physical expansion and development of cities helps understand urban growth and development trends. The study clarifies the factors that cause horizontal and physical growth of cities and, conversely, the repulsive factor of other parts of the city that are left behind by physical growth for any reason, and this explains the need for this research. The causes of urban growth are exactly the same as the origins of urban sprawl. In many cases, no distinction can be made between urban growth and urban sprawl however, it is important to have a clear understanding of the difference between urban sprawl and urban growth. The most imperative problems that have arisen from the uncontrolled growth of city due to physical development are the excessive use of land, the lack of sufficient urban facilities and equipment, the disconnection of the suburbs and thus adding to the urban problems. The purpose of this study is to study environmental and physical factors and their impact on the physical growth and development of Maragheh city and provide the best place for future development of the city. Data and Method In the present study, the criteria and sub-criteria and the relationships between them were first defined by the ANP method using Super Design software, and after obtaining the weight for each criterion and sub-criterion, the sub-criteria were first fuzzy and according to the weight of each of them the main criterion was obtained from the sum of these sub-criteria. Finally, the three main criteria of human, environmental and topographic parameters, considering their weight, have provided the main layer of the possibility of physical development of the city. Choosing a suitable method and approach for modeling a system depends entirely on the complexity of that system and complexity is inversely related to the amount of knowledge and understanding of our system. Fuzzy systems can be well used to model two main types of uncertainty in the phenomena. The first type is uncertainty due to the lack of knowledge and human tools in recognizing the complexities of a phenomenon. Results and Discussion Using the three main layers obtained for topographic, environmental and human criteria and according to the weight of each, the final location map of physical development of Maragheh city was obtained. The development map of Maragheh shows that the south-eastern parts are very unsuitable for physical development, while the north-eastern, north-western and south-western parts are suitable for development in terms of three environmental, human and topographic features. Environmental factors seem to have the greatest impact on the development and expansion of cities. According to our findings, and depicting the map of the city development over different years, the final map was obtained for the development of this city which is almost in line with the expansion of the city during the years 1996 to 2006 and 1976 to 1986. Conclusion With the arrival of the third wave of industrialization in Third World countries since the beginning of the twentieth century, production and income in cities, followed by increased demand for urban services and consequently urbanization has expanded. One of the effects of physical growth is related to the expansion of the outskirts of cities beyond the administrative boundaries of any city. Such urban development goes to areas outside the administrative boundaries and changes in land uses. The city of Maragheh has many limitations in terms of physical expansion due to the gardens around the city. In order to prevent the destruction of gardens and agricultural lands as well as physical expansion in line with natural and human criteria, extensive studies should be conducted. Information and data were applied in this study for the analysis of these parameters.The city of Maragheh needs to expand physically following the increase in population naturally and its increasing expansion goes on due to uncontrolled urban migration. In the present study, three main criteria of human, environmental and topography have been used. From the topographic criteria, the south-western parts are the most suitable places and the north-eastern parts of the city are the most unsuitable parts. In terms of environmental criteria, the western and south-western parts and to some extent parts of the north are suitable for development. Due to being a garden city, it is limited to gardens from the surroundings, which makes it difficult to expand from a human and environmental standards point of view. By combining three layers of environment, human and topography, the best place for the development of this city according to the final map was prepared for the optimal location of the future development the city based on ANP Fuzzy method by which it is more suitable in the west and north-west than in the south and south-west.Paying attention to horizontal expansion preserves the traditional texture of the city and single-storey buildings and prevents its vertical expansion. Although vertical expansion has advantages over horizontal spreading out, the current conditions of Maragheh city and its size, as well as its traditional texture and culture, make the need for horizontal expansion more tangible than vertical expansion.By using the right development model, both the traditional construction of the city can be preserved and the problems caused by sporadic development can be reduced, provided that the horizontal development goes in the direction that environmental and human conditions demand.
Urban Planning
Freydoun Babaie Aghdam; Hasan Ahar; Hadiseh Gheysari; Farrokh Tahmasebi
Abstract
In recent decades, cities have grown organically and urban areas in a short time have been several times its original size and city development has been the forms of the individual components, without planning, uncoordinated that urban sprawl pattern is the main feature. Urban Smart Growth cities were ...
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In recent decades, cities have grown organically and urban areas in a short time have been several times its original size and city development has been the forms of the individual components, without planning, uncoordinated that urban sprawl pattern is the main feature. Urban Smart Growth cities were developed for deal with problems of sprawl. The case study is Maragheh city. The research method is descriptive and analytical. In this paper, the capacity of Maragheh, using the development from within the main principles of smart growth is about the sprawl, is marked. Indexes such as population density, rate of open space, building quality, access and permeability, compressibility, etc. are used. Neighborhoods with using Analytical Hierarchy presses (AHP) to prioritize and ultimately the level was estimated for each of them. Results show that in 1392 the gross population density of 59.3 persons per hectare is which is considered very low density and On the other hand there is a lot of undeveloped land, 333 hectares, Uses of unconventional urban, and the average per capita level of infrastructure per person is 162.3 square meters. With this description, using the principles of smart growth and in particular, the principle of development from within and Suitable density, Building on wasteland and etc., sprawl can be prevented the sprawl.
Climatology
Saeed Jahanbakhsh Asl; Shahnaz Rashedi; Mehdi Eslahi
Abstract
Freezing is one of the weather phenomena that almost happen in parts of the east Azerbaijan province such as Maragheh causing significant losses in agriculture, industrial activities, and transportation. The end of this research is studying of distribution and freezing return periods in Maragheh synoptic ...
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Freezing is one of the weather phenomena that almost happen in parts of the east Azerbaijan province such as Maragheh causing significant losses in agriculture, industrial activities, and transportation. The end of this research is studying of distribution and freezing return periods in Maragheh synoptic station during 48 year period (1343-1391) based on the minimum daily temperature. The methods of this study is Gumbel distribution method, three parameter log-logistic method and log-logistic method to analyzing probability of freezing parameters occurrence (starting date, ending date, length of the freezing season, length of the growing season).The Results of the computation of the spring and fall freezing return periods show that the first freezing in the fall starts on 10 Aban and the last freezing end on 17 Farvardin. Also analyzing of the beginning and end freezing trend shows that fall's freezing have an ascending trend , in other words, the dates of the occurring fall freezing goes ahead and spring's freezing have a descending trend. It means that, the dates of spring freezing go back. Therefore, length of the cold season according to the global warming becomes shorter.
Sedigheh Lotfi; Ayob Manochehri miyandoab; Hasan Ahar
Volume 17, Issue 43 , October 2013, , Pages 191-232
Abstract
The growth and development pattern or city form is defined as spatial pattern of human activities. At present the city pattern is divided into two groups as horizontal or sprawl and vertical or compact. Evidences show that cities are grown unplanned in recent years and the cities' limits have expanded ...
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The growth and development pattern or city form is defined as spatial pattern of human activities. At present the city pattern is divided into two groups as horizontal or sprawl and vertical or compact. Evidences show that cities are grown unplanned in recent years and the cities' limits have expanded several times than their primary area. Thus, planners and policy makers are trying to identify the physical pattern of cities to manage and direct the city growth in line with sustainable development. Maragheh is the case study for this research which is located in the north west of the country. The research applied analytical-comparative methods to identify and assess the pattern of physical and spatial growth of the city in different periods. The quantitative models included accumulation degree (Moran and Grey), Entropy, Ginny coefficient, Heldern and density. The results show that the city has experienced a slow and compact physical and spatial growth in the past through which the start of rapid urbanization during 1355 to 1365 expanded rapidly. The area of city increased 16.5 times and this was in the form of sprawl and continued to 1385. Regarding the results of the research the compact city pattern is recommended for the change of growth pattern and approaching the urban sustainable development.
