University of Tabriz Journal of Geography and Planning 2008-8078 Articles in Press 2026 04 09 The effect of land use changes, temperature and precipitation on the fluctuations of underground water in the city Tuiserkan The effect of land use changes, temperature and precipitation on the fluctuations of underground water in the city Tuiserkan 21376 10.22034/gp.2026.67289.3404 FA Fahimeh Sadat Mirmoeini Department of Natur Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Iran Alireza Ildoromi Professor of Natural Engineering Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran Behnoosh Farokhzadeh Department of Natur Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Iran. Journal Article 2025 08 02 .The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of land usechanges, temperatureand precipitation on the fluctuations of underground water in Tuiserkan city during the years 2000, 2009 and2020 using Landsat 8 satelliteimages.First, pre-processing was doneusing the maximum likelihood algorithm and land cover map was prepared and the intensity of surface impermeability was evaluated with the NDBI index.Then, using the data of 9 piezometric wells and the IDW interpolation method, a map of water level changes was prepared, and the ground surface temperature was also checked from Landsat images andLSTcalculation.and finally, Kendall-Tao correlation test was used to investigate the statistical relationship between water level, land use and surface temperature.The results showed that the area of built land has increased by 5.86% and the vegetation has decreased by 15.39%The NDBI index showed that the amount of impervious surfaces has increased with the increase of barren and built-up lands and the decrease of vegetation, which has caused a decrease in water infiltration and aquifer nutrition.Investigating the statistical relationship between water level fluctuations and surface temperature showed that only in 2009 there was a significant positive relationship at the level of 1% and at the rate of 0.142.The results show that due to the increase of impervious surfaces due to the change of land use and more water withdrawal from the plain aquifer, the level of the watershed is mainly affected by the rainfall and currents entering the aquifer and the amount of water withdrawal.Because with the increase in land use changes and the expansion of built-up areas, the changes in the water level of the wells are uniform and not in accordance with the increase in built-up land and the decrease in vegetation, which indicates that the depth of water impact has decreased and the level of underground water has increased. .The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of land usechanges, temperatureand precipitation on the fluctuations of underground water in Tuiserkan city during the years 2000, 2009 and2020 using Landsat 8 satelliteimages.First, pre-processing was doneusing the maximum likelihood algorithm and land cover map was prepared and the intensity of surface impermeability was evaluated with the NDBI index.Then, using the data of 9 piezometric wells and the IDW interpolation method, a map of water level changes was prepared, and the ground surface temperature was also checked from Landsat images andLSTcalculation.and finally, Kendall-Tao correlation test was used to investigate the statistical relationship between water level, land use and surface temperature.The results showed that the area of built land has increased by 5.86% and the vegetation has decreased by 15.39%The NDBI index showed that the amount of impervious surfaces has increased with the increase of barren and built-up lands and the decrease of vegetation, which has caused a decrease in water infiltration and aquifer nutrition.Investigating the statistical relationship between water level fluctuations and surface temperature showed that only in 2009 there was a significant positive relationship at the level of 1% and at the rate of 0.142.The results show that due to the increase of impervious surfaces due to the change of land use and more water withdrawal from the plain aquifer, the level of the watershed is mainly affected by the rainfall and currents entering the aquifer and the amount of water withdrawal.Because with the increase in land use changes and the expansion of built-up areas, the changes in the water level of the wells are uniform and not in accordance with the increase in built-up land and the decrease in vegetation, which indicates that the depth of water impact has decreased and the level of underground water has increased.