University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078205820170205Analysis of the location of Urban Fire Stations Case Study: Piranshahr CityAnalysis of the location of Urban Fire Stations Case Study: Piranshahr City12157032FAEisaEbrahimzadehProfessor of Department of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Sistan and BaluchestanAhmadHosseiniPh.D Candidet in Urban Planning Geography, University of Sistan and aluchestanDimanKashefidoostM. Sc in Urban Planning Geography, University of Sistan and BaluchestanJournal Article20140210Fire stations are one of the important centers of relief. Obviously, timely service, required for their appropriate site selection. Piranshahr city with having one fire station is faced to problems such as lack of stations, the lack of proper distribution and lack of appropriate site selection. The aim of this research is consideration the how distribution of stations and their services and determination of proper site for building the new stations with regard to city need. In this research that done with descriptive – analytical method, the needs information are collected in the way of census of Population and Housing results in 1390, and comprehensive and detailed plans of Piranshahr city and also the magazines and books with regard to subject and for analysis of data is used by software such as AUTO CAD, ARC GIS, , Expert Choice, Super Decisions, and with used by the models of network analysis such as ANP, AHP, TOPSIS model, are offered six stations for areas that were out of the radius of action in the fire station. Because the whole of city, were covered these stations according to the timing standard of fire fighting vehicles at the scene and at the time of earthquake occurrence to reduce the losses were getting the appropriate operationFire stations are one of the important centers of relief. Obviously, timely service, required for their appropriate site selection. Piranshahr city with having one fire station is faced to problems such as lack of stations, the lack of proper distribution and lack of appropriate site selection. The aim of this research is consideration the how distribution of stations and their services and determination of proper site for building the new stations with regard to city need. In this research that done with descriptive – analytical method, the needs information are collected in the way of census of Population and Housing results in 1390, and comprehensive and detailed plans of Piranshahr city and also the magazines and books with regard to subject and for analysis of data is used by software such as AUTO CAD, ARC GIS, , Expert Choice, Super Decisions, and with used by the models of network analysis such as ANP, AHP, TOPSIS model, are offered six stations for areas that were out of the radius of action in the fire station. Because the whole of city, were covered these stations according to the timing standard of fire fighting vehicles at the scene and at the time of earthquake occurrence to reduce the losses were getting the appropriate operationUniversity of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078205820170120Analysis of the attitudes of the different aspects of rural housingCase study: the central city HashtroudAnalysis of the attitudes of the different aspects of rural housingCase study: the central city Hashtroud234257422FAMohammadAkbarpourAssistant Prof. Dep. of Geography, Razi University.0000-0002-6021-8859FirouzJafariAssistant Prof. Dep. of Geography, Tabriz University0000-0002-0294-6313YasharKarimiM.A. Student in Geography ,Tehran University.Journal Article20150105Address the situation of rural housing is one of the basic programs of rural development in developing countries is most counties, especially. Due to the different nature of housing in rural areas andfunction its purpose, must-have features that are rural housing, housing in many rural areas, however, the function of climate, vegetation and location are settlements.The purpose of this study was to investigate the rural housing in rural areas of the central part Hashtroud and evaluation criteria for affordable housing is a vision of society.Methodology The survey questionnaire is based on information collected in the questionnaire using SPSS statistical software was used.The research findings indicate that the residents of housing strength and resistance against disaster, not satisfied with the condition of heating and cooling systems and design and landscape standards of housing as well.Other findings indicate that the criteria related to adequate housing, building resistance against disasters and environmental health in the first place, area and size of housing, facades, new architecture and the use of local materials is the next priority.Address the situation of rural housing is one of the basic programs of rural development in developing countries is most counties, especially. Due to the different nature of housing in rural areas andfunction its purpose, must-have features that are rural housing, housing in many rural areas, however, the function of climate, vegetation and location are settlements.The purpose of this study was to investigate the rural housing in rural areas of the central part Hashtroud and evaluation criteria for affordable housing is a vision of society.Methodology The survey questionnaire is based on information collected in the questionnaire using SPSS statistical software was used.The research findings indicate that the residents of housing strength and resistance against disaster, not satisfied with the condition of heating and cooling systems and design and landscape standards of housing as well.Other findings indicate that the criteria related to adequate housing, building resistance against disasters and environmental health in the first place, area and size of housing, facades, new architecture and the use of local materials is the next priority.University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078205820170208Assessment of Priorities Allocation of Urban Land Use with Emphasis on Implementation of Electronic City System (Case Study: Ten Region of Tabriz)Assessment of Priorities Allocation of Urban Land Use with Emphasis on Implementation of Electronic City System (Case Study: Ten Region of Tabriz)436157432FAMohammad RezaPourmohammadiProfessor of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tabriz.0000-0002-5231-7814SomayehAhaniM.A. Postgraduate of urban and regional planning, Islamic Azad University of Sarab, Architecture GroupFatemehZareiM.A. Postgraduate of Urban Planning, Young Researchers and elite Club, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University.KayvanZareiLecturer of Computer Group, University of technical and Professional, SanandajJournal Article20130426Electronics City will be affected on various land use via electronic shopping, electronic services, electronic communications, e-learning, e-banking, teleporting and electronic entertainment. Tabriz has not been exempting from this category. In this research, by using descriptive - analytic method and AHP model, first the effect of electronics city on each of urban land uses in the areas of Tabriz has evaluated and the significance of each factor is determined. Then, according to this matter that Electronics City in all land uses led to reduce area and only need to increase the space in residential users, the process of research has follow din two scenarios. In the first scenario, it has assumed that all require to land use in the area; it must be protected in their regions area and in the second scenario, providing additional needs to residential users that arising from electronic city has considered outside the city limits. Finally, in each of the regions, priority allocation of conservation areas to different land use has analyzed. The results indicate that the main priorities of allocating space in ten regions of Tabriz, is related to land sports, culture and green space. According to land use development, there is no ability to provide the demands of citizens based on real spaces and need to use of electronic city services and virtual supply is necessary.Electronics City will be affected on various land use via electronic shopping, electronic services, electronic communications, e-learning, e-banking, teleporting and electronic entertainment. Tabriz has not been exempting from this category. In this research, by using descriptive - analytic method and AHP model, first the effect of electronics city on each of urban land uses in the areas of Tabriz has evaluated and the significance of each factor is determined. Then, according to this matter that Electronics City in all land uses led to reduce area and only need to increase the space in residential users, the process of research has follow din two scenarios. In the first scenario, it has assumed that all require to land use in the area; it must be protected in their regions area and in the second scenario, providing additional needs to residential users that arising from electronic city has considered outside the city limits. Finally, in each of the regions, priority allocation of conservation areas to different land use has analyzed. The results indicate that the main priorities of allocating space in ten regions of Tabriz, is related to land sports, culture and green space. According to land use development, there is no ability to provide the demands of citizens based on real spaces and need to use of electronic city services and virtual supply is necessary.University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078205820170208Analysis of Factors Affecting Rural Livelihoods
(The Case Study: Villages of Sardasht Township)Analysis of Factors Affecting Rural Livelihoods
(The Case Study: Villages of Sardasht Township)638157442FAMortezaTavakoliAssociate Professor of Geography and Rural Planning, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran.ShirkoAhmadiYoung Researchers and Elite Club, sardasht Branch, Islamic Azad University.0000-0002-8724-1696GharibFazelniyaDepartment of Geography and Rural Planing, University of Zabol, Zabol.Journal Article20140422Different geographic environments, offer different potentials and problems in different fields especially in livelihood activities of their residents, attention to which gains a lot of importance in local and environmental programming. Thus identification and analysis of rural potentials and problems is an important step in the process of planning a sustainable rural development. Thus, in an explanatory and analytical approach. This study aims to assess the livelihood problems for villagers living in of Sardasht township based on its findings. This research was conducted based on documents and library as well as interpretations and field survey with a descriptive approach. The statistical population consists 5722 people from the top 50 households of 8 villages of Sardasht township 386 of which were selected the Morgan tables as a statistical sample by simple random sampling and its data was analyzed by SPSS software. Results show that, supply factors imposed the livelihoods in this villages were affected by environmental conditions including gardening and non-agricultural activities, being in a boundary region has also caused smuggling activities. Also results generally show that significant relationship exists between geographic factors such as land slope, access to educational level, distance from boundary area and different earning source of rural livelihoods all of which generated specific livelihood pattern for the villages in the region. Areas of the border also cause direct and indirect employment (freight transportation and passenger operations, loading, etc) that share a border of more than direct employment of indirect employment.Different geographic environments, offer different potentials and problems in different fields especially in livelihood activities of their residents, attention to which gains a lot of importance in local and environmental programming. Thus identification and analysis of rural potentials and problems is an important step in the process of planning a sustainable rural development. Thus, in an explanatory and analytical approach. This study aims to assess the livelihood problems for villagers living in of Sardasht township based on its findings. This research was conducted based on documents and library as well as interpretations and field survey with a descriptive approach. The statistical population consists 5722 people from the top 50 households of 8 villages of Sardasht township 386 of which were selected the Morgan tables as a statistical sample by simple random sampling and its data was analyzed by SPSS software. Results show that, supply factors imposed the livelihoods in this villages were affected by environmental conditions including gardening and non-agricultural activities, being in a boundary region has also caused smuggling activities. Also results generally show that significant relationship exists between geographic factors such as land slope, access to educational level, distance from boundary area and different earning source of rural livelihoods all of which generated specific livelihood pattern for the villages in the region. Areas of the border also cause direct and indirect employment (freight transportation and passenger operations, loading, etc) that share a border of more than direct employment of indirect employment.University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078205820170208Analyzing of Freezing Return Period and Temporal Distribution (Case Study: Maraghe)Analyzing of Freezing Return Period and Temporal Distribution (Case Study: Maraghe)8310057452FASaeedJahanbakhsh AslProfessor of Climatology Department, University of Tabriz.ShahnazRashediM.A. in Climatology, Climatology Department, University of TabrizMehdiEslahiM.A. in Statistics, Meteorological Organization, East Azerbaijan.Journal Article20150108Freezing is one of the weather phenomena that almost happen in parts of the east Azerbaijan province such as Maragheh causing significant losses in agriculture, industrial activities, and transportation. The end of this research is studying of distribution and freezing return periods in Maragheh synoptic station during 48 year period (1343-1391) based on the minimum daily temperature. The methods of this study is Gumbel distribution method, three parameter log-logistic method and log-logistic method to analyzing probability of freezing parameters occurrence (starting date, ending date, length of the freezing season, length of the growing season).The Results of the computation of the spring and fall freezing return periods show that the first freezing in the fall starts on 10 Aban and the last freezing end on 17 Farvardin. Also analyzing of the beginning and end freezing trend shows that fall's freezing have an ascending trend , in other words, the dates of the occurring fall freezing goes ahead and spring's freezing have a descending trend. It means that, the dates of spring freezing go back. Therefore, length of the cold season according to the global warming becomes shorter.Freezing is one of the weather phenomena that almost happen in parts of the east Azerbaijan province such as Maragheh causing significant losses in agriculture, industrial activities, and transportation. The end of this research is studying of distribution and freezing return periods in Maragheh synoptic station during 48 year period (1343-1391) based on the minimum daily temperature. The methods of this study is Gumbel distribution method, three parameter log-logistic method and log-logistic method to analyzing probability of freezing parameters occurrence (starting date, ending date, length of the freezing season, length of the growing season).The Results of the computation of the spring and fall freezing return periods show that the first freezing in the fall starts on 10 Aban and the last freezing end on 17 Farvardin. Also analyzing of the beginning and end freezing trend shows that fall's freezing have an ascending trend , in other words, the dates of the occurring fall freezing goes ahead and spring's freezing have a descending trend. It means that, the dates of spring freezing go back. Therefore, length of the cold season according to the global warming becomes shorter.University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078205820170208Investigating the Urban Vulnerability against Earthquake Using Mihwp Model-Case Study: 10th Zone of TabrizInvestigating the Urban Vulnerability against Earthquake Using Mihwp Model-Case Study: 10th Zone of Tabriz10111857462FAKiumarsHabibiAssociate Professor, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Kurdistan.MohammadEzzatiPh.D Candidate in Urban Planning, Azad University of Marand, Deputy of Urban Planning and Aarchitecture, Tabriz Municipality.KamalTorabiMaster of Urban and Regional Planning, Iran University of Science & Technology, Urban planning expert, Tabriz MunicipalityBakhtiarEzzat PanahAssistant Professor, Islamic Azad University of Marand.Journal Article20140509Considering high construction and population density, unstable structures, narrow streets, and high rate of inclusion in cities, it is necessary to plan and carry out researches to minimize vulnerabilities caused by natural events. To accomplish this, one of the important efforts can be identifying effective factors in reducing vulnerabilities of cities against earthquake. Recognizing and investigating the vulnerability of urban areas, particularly within the context of the old fabrics and informal settlements, is of great importance. By specifying vulnerable areas against earthquakes, with an awareness of the damage they may suffer, cities can be planned and designed in a way that the least damage during an earthquake is received. In this paper, by picking several indicators such as land use, street width, number of floors, rate of inclusion, population density, fabric segmentation, occupied space, floor-area ratio of buildings, built quality, structure type, building age, access to open spaces and distance to the main seismic belt and by employing the MIHWP model along with the capabilities of the Arc GIS software and by multiplying and overlaying the data layers of indexed indicators, the seismic vulnerability of the region 10 of Tabriz has been represented. The results conclude that the buildings with low width streets, high number of floors and high value of enclosure, less lot areas, high occupied space and building and population density, low built quality, unstable structures, old buildings, more distance to open space and proximity to major seismic belts, have been rated as high vulnerable areas. Within the region, moving from the North West to the center and North East, vulnerability considerably increasesConsidering high construction and population density, unstable structures, narrow streets, and high rate of inclusion in cities, it is necessary to plan and carry out researches to minimize vulnerabilities caused by natural events. To accomplish this, one of the important efforts can be identifying effective factors in reducing vulnerabilities of cities against earthquake. Recognizing and investigating the vulnerability of urban areas, particularly within the context of the old fabrics and informal settlements, is of great importance. By specifying vulnerable areas against earthquakes, with an awareness of the damage they may suffer, cities can be planned and designed in a way that the least damage during an earthquake is received. In this paper, by picking several indicators such as land use, street width, number of floors, rate of inclusion, population density, fabric segmentation, occupied space, floor-area ratio of buildings, built quality, structure type, building age, access to open spaces and distance to the main seismic belt and by employing the MIHWP model along with the capabilities of the Arc GIS software and by multiplying and overlaying the data layers of indexed indicators, the seismic vulnerability of the region 10 of Tabriz has been represented. The results conclude that the buildings with low width streets, high number of floors and high value of enclosure, less lot areas, high occupied space and building and population density, low built quality, unstable structures, old buildings, more distance to open space and proximity to major seismic belts, have been rated as high vulnerable areas. Within the region, moving from the North West to the center and North East, vulnerability considerably increasesUniversity of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078205820170208Capability of Cellular Automaton in Simulation of Evolution and Erosion in river Systems (Case Study: Lighvan Catchment)Capability of Cellular Automaton in Simulation of Evolution and Erosion in river Systems (Case Study: Lighvan Catchment)11913858022FASomayehKhaleghiAssistant Professor of Shahid Beheshty,TehranShahramRoostayeeFull professor.Faculty of Geography and Planning , Departmant of Physical Geography ,Tabriz University,Tabriz,Iran0000.0003.0664.1688Ali MohammadKhorshiddoostFull Professor Department of Meteorological ,University of TabrizMohammad HosseinRezaee MoghaddamFull professor.Faculty of Geography and Planning , Departmant of Physical Geography ,Tabriz University,Tabriz,Iran0000-0003-2626-4656Mhammad AliGhorbaniAssociate Professor ,Department of Water Engineering ,Tabriz University,Tabriz,IranJournal Article20140415Catchments and river systems altered in response to changes of internal and external factors. Hence, several techniques have been proposed to simulate these changes and Evolution of the river systems. Cellular Automaton is one of the newest river cellular models that define the catchment landscape with a grid of cells, and development of this landscape is determined by the interactions between cells (for example fluxes of water and sediment) using rules based on simplifications of the governing physics.This method is used for simulation of Lighvan catchment with 20 m cell size and 10 years precipitation data (1380 to 89). Simulation results evaluated in two qualitative and quantitative methods, So that the relative changes in the catchment and spatial distribution of erosion and aggradation value in the entire catchment and each cell was identified on Digital Elevation Model map and also, values of different particle size distribution in different discharges showed that with the increasing discharge, and amounts of sediment increased and among this coarse sand have the highest value and very fine sand, clay and silt particles have the lowest value. Also investigation of longitudinal and latitude profile show that Lighvan river is in mature stage and Lighvan channel has been underwent aggradation due to climate changes and increasing catchment precipitation in last decade that causes hillslope erosion and channel aggradation. Finally, Since certainty of Cellular Automata results is difficult and CAESAR is sensitive to input parameters but comparing the results with previous investigation and field observation shows that Cellular Automata has acceptable results. Catchments and river systems altered in response to changes of internal and external factors. Hence, several techniques have been proposed to simulate these changes and Evolution of the river systems. Cellular Automaton is one of the newest river cellular models that define the catchment landscape with a grid of cells, and development of this landscape is determined by the interactions between cells (for example fluxes of water and sediment) using rules based on simplifications of the governing physics.This method is used for simulation of Lighvan catchment with 20 m cell size and 10 years precipitation data (1380 to 89). Simulation results evaluated in two qualitative and quantitative methods, So that the relative changes in the catchment and spatial distribution of erosion and aggradation value in the entire catchment and each cell was identified on Digital Elevation Model map and also, values of different particle size distribution in different discharges showed that with the increasing discharge, and amounts of sediment increased and among this coarse sand have the highest value and very fine sand, clay and silt particles have the lowest value. Also investigation of longitudinal and latitude profile show that Lighvan river is in mature stage and Lighvan channel has been underwent aggradation due to climate changes and increasing catchment precipitation in last decade that causes hillslope erosion and channel aggradation. Finally, Since certainty of Cellular Automata results is difficult and CAESAR is sensitive to input parameters but comparing the results with previous investigation and field observation shows that Cellular Automata has acceptable results. University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078205820170208Evaluation and Simulation of Urban FringeLand-use Changes by Using CA-Markov Model (Case Study: Miandoab City)Evaluation and Simulation of Urban FringeLand-use Changes by Using CA-Markov Model (Case Study: Miandoab City)13915758032FAMir SattarSadr MousaviProfessor, Dep. of Geography and Urban Planning, Tabriz University.RasulYazdani Chaharborj*PH.D. Candidate, Dep. of Geography and Urban Planning, Tabriz University.Journal Article20150228The rapid urban growth of recent decades in Iran has resulted in extensive changes in urban fringe land-use patterns.It has also had considerable environmental and socio-economic impacts on these areas.Assessing changes of the past land-use patterns and simulation of their future changes are of vital importance inpolicy making and planning processes. Combination of geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) may producea suitable tool for gathering and analyzingdata regarding land use changes. This articleuses the CA-Markov model to assess and simulate changes in land use patterns in Miandoab city.In the first stage, by using the multi-temporal satellite imagery for the years 1984, 1997 and 2010, the urban and urban fringe cover/land-use maps was created and changes was evaluated. Results indicate thatin the period of 27 years, urban and urban fringe land area increased to 1013 hectares and farm land-use area decreased to 1114 hectares. Then, by using Markov model, matrix of transition area of land-uses for the period of 1984-2010was calculated. In the next stage, the suitability maps of land-uses by using of mulicriteria evaluation methods were created. Finally, for forecasting the future changes of land-uses until the 2025 year, we used the CA-Markov model. Simulation results, indicatethat thedecline trend in farm lands and the trend increase in urban lands will continue. Therefore, if the current trend of changes continues without a sustainable development policy, it will have to a serious downfall in environmental and socio– economic conditions.The rapid urban growth of recent decades in Iran has resulted in extensive changes in urban fringe land-use patterns.It has also had considerable environmental and socio-economic impacts on these areas.Assessing changes of the past land-use patterns and simulation of their future changes are of vital importance inpolicy making and planning processes. Combination of geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) may producea suitable tool for gathering and analyzingdata regarding land use changes. This articleuses the CA-Markov model to assess and simulate changes in land use patterns in Miandoab city.In the first stage, by using the multi-temporal satellite imagery for the years 1984, 1997 and 2010, the urban and urban fringe cover/land-use maps was created and changes was evaluated. Results indicate thatin the period of 27 years, urban and urban fringe land area increased to 1013 hectares and farm land-use area decreased to 1114 hectares. Then, by using Markov model, matrix of transition area of land-uses for the period of 1984-2010was calculated. In the next stage, the suitability maps of land-uses by using of mulicriteria evaluation methods were created. Finally, for forecasting the future changes of land-uses until the 2025 year, we used the CA-Markov model. Simulation results, indicatethat thedecline trend in farm lands and the trend increase in urban lands will continue. Therefore, if the current trend of changes continues without a sustainable development policy, it will have to a serious downfall in environmental and socio– economic conditions.University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078205820170208Modeling Urban Development Using Fuzzy-Cellular AutomataModeling Urban Development Using Fuzzy-Cellular Automata15917958102FAMohammadTaleaiAssociate Professor in Faculty of Geodesy & Geomatics, K.N.Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.MeysamAghamohammadiM.S degree of Geographical information systems (GIS), faculty of Geodesy & Geomatics, K.N.Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.MohammadKarimiAssistance Professor in Faculty of Geodesy & Geomatics, K.N.Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, IranGhasemJavadiFaculty Member of Geomatics Eng., University of Bojnord, P. O. Box 1339, Bojnord 94531, Iran.Journal Article20140429Rapid, irregular and unbalanced growth of the world population during past years, particularly in developing countries, have been caused many problems in the areas of environmental, economic, social and cultural for urban planners. These situations request new methods and tools to model and predict urban future changes. Due to simple and dynamic structure and utilizing spatial characteristics, Cellular Automation (CA) model widely uses in spatial-temporal modeling problems such as urban extension. This paper develops a Fuzzy-CA method to model urban extension. In conventional CA method, state and position of pixels and transition rules are defined certainly. The definitive expression of components of the complex processes needs a large amount of data. However in most cases accurate data are not available. As a result, integration of CA method and fuzzy theory would be useful to model urban extension. In this paper a Fuzzy-CA method is developed and tested in Shiraz city between the years 2004 to 2009. The results of the proposed method show 80% accuracy in comparison to real data have been captured from satellite images. However, an accuracy of 75% has been reported for this case study with utilizing conventional cellular automation.Rapid, irregular and unbalanced growth of the world population during past years, particularly in developing countries, have been caused many problems in the areas of environmental, economic, social and cultural for urban planners. These situations request new methods and tools to model and predict urban future changes. Due to simple and dynamic structure and utilizing spatial characteristics, Cellular Automation (CA) model widely uses in spatial-temporal modeling problems such as urban extension. This paper develops a Fuzzy-CA method to model urban extension. In conventional CA method, state and position of pixels and transition rules are defined certainly. The definitive expression of components of the complex processes needs a large amount of data. However in most cases accurate data are not available. As a result, integration of CA method and fuzzy theory would be useful to model urban extension. In this paper a Fuzzy-CA method is developed and tested in Shiraz city between the years 2004 to 2009. The results of the proposed method show 80% accuracy in comparison to real data have been captured from satellite images. However, an accuracy of 75% has been reported for this case study with utilizing conventional cellular automation.University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078205820170208Climate Regionalization of Atmospheric Perceptible Water in IranClimate Regionalization of Atmospheric Perceptible Water in Iran18120258112FAHoseinAsakerehAssociated Professor of ZanjanMehdiDoostkamianM.A In Geography of ZanjanJournal Article20140415The purpose of this study was to climate regionalization precipitation water atmospheric Iran. Therefore, the pressure data and specific humidity of the NCEP / NCAR database during 1950-2010 dependent of the United States National Atmospheric and oceanographic organization was extracted and analyzed. For the calculation used software programming environment of Matlab and Grads software and Surfer software used to perform graphics operations. In the study for the perceptible water climate regionalization use from cluster analysis and in order evaluate the results, used of discriminant analysis. In the data archive mean and Coefficient of Variation precipitation water month review and analysis the method cluster analysis ward composition, than dendrogram graph recognized three regionalization climates: a) climate regionalization whit high precipitation water, b) climate regionalization whit median precipitation water. b) Climate regionalization whit low precipitation water. The result archives from discriminant analysis indict that 98.24% from of pixels doing so as true in relative group.The purpose of this study was to climate regionalization precipitation water atmospheric Iran. Therefore, the pressure data and specific humidity of the NCEP / NCAR database during 1950-2010 dependent of the United States National Atmospheric and oceanographic organization was extracted and analyzed. For the calculation used software programming environment of Matlab and Grads software and Surfer software used to perform graphics operations. In the study for the perceptible water climate regionalization use from cluster analysis and in order evaluate the results, used of discriminant analysis. In the data archive mean and Coefficient of Variation precipitation water month review and analysis the method cluster analysis ward composition, than dendrogram graph recognized three regionalization climates: a) climate regionalization whit high precipitation water, b) climate regionalization whit median precipitation water. b) Climate regionalization whit low precipitation water. The result archives from discriminant analysis indict that 98.24% from of pixels doing so as true in relative group.University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078205820170208The Study of Economic, Social and Cultural Impacts of City Councils in Cities of Iran (Case Study: City Council of Sardasht)The Study of Economic, Social and Cultural Impacts of City Councils in Cities of Iran (Case Study: City Council of Sardasht)20322058122FAMehdiGharkhglooAssociate Professor of Human Geography Department, University of TehranAmirSharifiPhD student in Geography and Urban Planning, University of Shahid Beheshti.AyubSardariMasters Student of Spatial planning, University of Masters Student of Spatial planning, University of Tabriz..Journal Article20140423City councils always played a major role in improve the quality of citizen life. This study which evaluated the performance of Sardasht city Council has been done with descriptive-analytical and according to survey and library data. Proven method assumptions in this study citing on data from the questionnaires have been analyzed. Statistical population includes two groups. First was in urban experts and second was the citizen of the Sardasht city. For determining the sample size for the group of residents Cochran's formula was used. Which sample size was 384 that was completed by random and stratified distributed. But for sample of experts we used snowball method which the number of experts samples in this study reached 15 cases. KS test was used in analyzing the data in order to determine the normal distribution of scores and use one-sample T-test and Binominal test to evaluate the performance of the city Council Sardasht and Also Mann–Whitney U <em><em>test and </em></em>independent T to compare the views of citizens group and experts group. The results of this study indicated that economic performance of the city council of Sardasht was not good. Of course the social function was better than economic performance and is investigated beyond acceptable medium. However, the best performing of city council of Sardasht is cultural performance that this value is 3/89.City councils always played a major role in improve the quality of citizen life. This study which evaluated the performance of Sardasht city Council has been done with descriptive-analytical and according to survey and library data. Proven method assumptions in this study citing on data from the questionnaires have been analyzed. Statistical population includes two groups. First was in urban experts and second was the citizen of the Sardasht city. For determining the sample size for the group of residents Cochran's formula was used. Which sample size was 384 that was completed by random and stratified distributed. But for sample of experts we used snowball method which the number of experts samples in this study reached 15 cases. KS test was used in analyzing the data in order to determine the normal distribution of scores and use one-sample T-test and Binominal test to evaluate the performance of the city Council Sardasht and Also Mann–Whitney U <em><em>test and </em></em>independent T to compare the views of citizens group and experts group. The results of this study indicated that economic performance of the city council of Sardasht was not good. Of course the social function was better than economic performance and is investigated beyond acceptable medium. However, the best performing of city council of Sardasht is cultural performance that this value is 3/89.University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078205820170208Measurement of Villagers’ Satisfaction of Dehyari (Rural Management Unit) Performance and Factors affecting it in Central District of Hamedan CountyMeasurement of Villagers’ Satisfaction of Dehyari (Rural Management Unit) Performance and Factors affecting it in Central District of Hamedan County22123558132FAHoseinKouhestaniAssistant Professor, Department of Extension and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz UniversityJournal Article20140117The purpose of this study was to measurement of villagers’ satisfaction from Dehyari performance and the influential factors on it. The statistical population of the study was heads of rural household in central district of Hamedan county. This sample included 268 of heads of rural household that were calculated by the Cochran formula and the data was chosen through the random stratified sampling. In this research, the important tool for data gathering was a questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by specialists and its reliability was computed using Cronbachs Alpha coefficient (0.83(. Results indicated the villagers’ satisfaction of Dehyari performance was moderate. The results of Mann-Whitney tests indicate that there is a significant difference between the villagers’ satisfaction who permanently reside in the village and those who temporarily reside in the village. Also, there is significant differences between the villagers’ satisfaction who cooperate with Dehyari and who have never cooperate with Dehyari. The result of regression analysis revealed that the variables Dehyari relationship with villagers, age of household heads, and attention to the views of villagers and the awareness of villagers from Dehyari responsibilities in a total are predicted of about 67 percent of the dependent variables (villagers’ satisfaction of rural management unit performance). The purpose of this study was to measurement of villagers’ satisfaction from Dehyari performance and the influential factors on it. The statistical population of the study was heads of rural household in central district of Hamedan county. This sample included 268 of heads of rural household that were calculated by the Cochran formula and the data was chosen through the random stratified sampling. In this research, the important tool for data gathering was a questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by specialists and its reliability was computed using Cronbachs Alpha coefficient (0.83(. Results indicated the villagers’ satisfaction of Dehyari performance was moderate. The results of Mann-Whitney tests indicate that there is a significant difference between the villagers’ satisfaction who permanently reside in the village and those who temporarily reside in the village. Also, there is significant differences between the villagers’ satisfaction who cooperate with Dehyari and who have never cooperate with Dehyari. The result of regression analysis revealed that the variables Dehyari relationship with villagers, age of household heads, and attention to the views of villagers and the awareness of villagers from Dehyari responsibilities in a total are predicted of about 67 percent of the dependent variables (villagers’ satisfaction of rural management unit performance). University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078205820170208Survey of Pedestrian Network Development Patterns and Feasibility of Theirs Development in the Central District of Tabriz City.Survey of Pedestrian Network Development Patterns and Feasibility of Theirs Development in the Central District of Tabriz City.23725858142FARahmatMohammadzadehAssociated Professor, Architecture Dept, Faculty of Civil Engineering, the University of Tabriz. E-Mail:rahmat@tabrizu.ac.irHosseinFallahnejadM.S, Architecture Dept, Faculty of Civil Engineering, the University of TabrizJournal Article20110508Despite the tremendous developments in transportation and traffic systems, walking is still considered to be the main and the most common and important pattern of movement among communities; as far as concerned, nowadays many different patterns and models like Traffic Isolation, pedestrian movement and downtown enclosed shopping center, pedestrian-oriented streets, pedestrian shopping center, shopping streets, Woonref, Pedestrian malls and traffic architectural, traffic slowing policies, green pedestrian and flyovers have been presented for its development. Since Scientific and practical explanation of models and pattern also their advantages and disadvantages can contribute to the urban pedestrian expansion; this article is an attempt to study the pedestrian network development patterns and feasibility of their expansion in the central district of Tabriz city. <br /> This review becomes even more important because besides the allocation of the central district of Tabriz to a considerable population and placement of important spaces like Bazaar and historical building like “the Alishah” citadel, “The Blue Mosque”, “The Mashrute house”, “Jame mosque” and residential complexes, it faces adverse environmental pollutants, car accidents and traffic jams. This part of the city could be considered as the heart of the city in every social, economic, cultural and skeletal aspect. In terms of climate, Tabriz city is categorized in Cold Mediterranean group with very cold winters and hot summers. Absolute maximum and minimum temperatures in the coldest month of year are 15 and -19 degrees Celsius. <br />This research has a descriptive- analytic framework. The theoretical part, includes the documents and authoritative resources in addition to some scientific reports. Given the fact that this research is studying the old part of the city of Tabriz, by the means of criteria fulfillment, every patterns and models were examined. Sample of the study is consisted of 20 urban and traffic experts. In this study after presenting enough explanation of the survey’s purpose and determining how a weak pedestrian pattern is scored 1 and a strong one is labeled 4, questionnaires have been hand out and later collected then descriptive analysis was performed at the end. Moreover, user’s direct interacts and photography are other means of conducting this research. It is to be considered that among all the pedestrian movement patterns; streets with pedestrian priority, pedestrian-oriented streets, traffic slowing policies and the expansion of pedestrians itself have shown the most compatibility to the mentioned context. Therefore it is recommended to use the Pedestrian-oriented street design principles in the urban planning on the scale of city’s centrals. Which will result in the possibility of development of historical spaces, Revitalization of destructed spaces, Improvements in the environmental quality of urban spaces and finally a healthier city.Despite the tremendous developments in transportation and traffic systems, walking is still considered to be the main and the most common and important pattern of movement among communities; as far as concerned, nowadays many different patterns and models like Traffic Isolation, pedestrian movement and downtown enclosed shopping center, pedestrian-oriented streets, pedestrian shopping center, shopping streets, Woonref, Pedestrian malls and traffic architectural, traffic slowing policies, green pedestrian and flyovers have been presented for its development. Since Scientific and practical explanation of models and pattern also their advantages and disadvantages can contribute to the urban pedestrian expansion; this article is an attempt to study the pedestrian network development patterns and feasibility of their expansion in the central district of Tabriz city. <br /> This review becomes even more important because besides the allocation of the central district of Tabriz to a considerable population and placement of important spaces like Bazaar and historical building like “the Alishah” citadel, “The Blue Mosque”, “The Mashrute house”, “Jame mosque” and residential complexes, it faces adverse environmental pollutants, car accidents and traffic jams. This part of the city could be considered as the heart of the city in every social, economic, cultural and skeletal aspect. In terms of climate, Tabriz city is categorized in Cold Mediterranean group with very cold winters and hot summers. Absolute maximum and minimum temperatures in the coldest month of year are 15 and -19 degrees Celsius. <br />This research has a descriptive- analytic framework. The theoretical part, includes the documents and authoritative resources in addition to some scientific reports. Given the fact that this research is studying the old part of the city of Tabriz, by the means of criteria fulfillment, every patterns and models were examined. Sample of the study is consisted of 20 urban and traffic experts. In this study after presenting enough explanation of the survey’s purpose and determining how a weak pedestrian pattern is scored 1 and a strong one is labeled 4, questionnaires have been hand out and later collected then descriptive analysis was performed at the end. Moreover, user’s direct interacts and photography are other means of conducting this research. It is to be considered that among all the pedestrian movement patterns; streets with pedestrian priority, pedestrian-oriented streets, traffic slowing policies and the expansion of pedestrians itself have shown the most compatibility to the mentioned context. Therefore it is recommended to use the Pedestrian-oriented street design principles in the urban planning on the scale of city’s centrals. Which will result in the possibility of development of historical spaces, Revitalization of destructed spaces, Improvements in the environmental quality of urban spaces and finally a healthier city.University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078205820170208Sabjective Indexes Assessment of Environmental Quality In Deteriorated Textures
(Case Study: Abkouh Neighborhood, Mashhad)Sabjective Indexes Assessment of Environmental Quality In Deteriorated Textures
(Case Study: Abkouh Neighborhood, Mashhad)25927958152FAAbolfazlMeshkiniAcademic Member, Tarbiat Modares University.MehdiPourtaheriAcademic Member, Tarbiat Modares University.MostafaNoroziM.A. Student, Tarbiat Modares University.Journal Article20140429The concepts of quality of life and the quality of the environment is the action against the single dimension economic development at national level and physical development of urban scale. It merely is an effort to achieve quality standards in the urban board. Meanwhile the issue of quality in special residential areas such as deteriorated textures, due to the their large population and building density and their lack of organic relation with urban structure, has more importance and complicacy in comparison with other residential areas. Accordingly, trying to understand the concept of the quality of environment, indicators and affecting criteria on the amount of quality of these textures are identified. Indicators used in this research by looking at the subjective quality of the urban environment are the product of individual perception and satisfaction of citizens from their environment life. The study area is located in Abkouh in the Mashhad Metropolis region 1 Having the fact, this research is practical and its methodology is based on descriptive and analytical research method. For the measurement of the amount of environmental quality indicators of satisfaction, T test, to determine the significant relationship between individual variables and environmental quality indicators-Chi-square test and to determine the intensity and direction of the correlation between them Kendall Tau and Kramer test were used in the SPSS software. The results of research show that the rate of satisfaction of environmental quality indicators in the study area is on the lower level. It also was clear that the satisfaction of quality of environment has been taken the greatest impact of three variables including٫ education level and duration of residence in AbkouhThe concepts of quality of life and the quality of the environment is the action against the single dimension economic development at national level and physical development of urban scale. It merely is an effort to achieve quality standards in the urban board. Meanwhile the issue of quality in special residential areas such as deteriorated textures, due to the their large population and building density and their lack of organic relation with urban structure, has more importance and complicacy in comparison with other residential areas. Accordingly, trying to understand the concept of the quality of environment, indicators and affecting criteria on the amount of quality of these textures are identified. Indicators used in this research by looking at the subjective quality of the urban environment are the product of individual perception and satisfaction of citizens from their environment life. The study area is located in Abkouh in the Mashhad Metropolis region 1 Having the fact, this research is practical and its methodology is based on descriptive and analytical research method. For the measurement of the amount of environmental quality indicators of satisfaction, T test, to determine the significant relationship between individual variables and environmental quality indicators-Chi-square test and to determine the intensity and direction of the correlation between them Kendall Tau and Kramer test were used in the SPSS software. The results of research show that the rate of satisfaction of environmental quality indicators in the study area is on the lower level. It also was clear that the satisfaction of quality of environment has been taken the greatest impact of three variables including٫ education level and duration of residence in AbkouhUniversity of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078205820170208Spatiotemporal Predicting of Groundwater Level Using Artificial Intelligence Models and Geostatistics Model (Case study: Duzduzan plain)Spatiotemporal Predicting of Groundwater Level Using Artificial Intelligence Models and Geostatistics Model (Case study: Duzduzan plain)28130158162FAAtaollahNadiriMSc Student.KeyvanNaderiDepartment of Earth sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Tabriz.AsgharAsghari MoghaddamProfessor.Mohammad HasanHabibiAssistant Professor.Journal Article20140618No permanent surface water resources in many parts of the country resulted in overdraft of limited underground water resources. Duzduzan plain is one of the UromiaLake sub basins. In this area, indiscriminate harvesting of groundwater resources has caused an average decline of 76 centimeters per year. The purpose of this research is Groundwater level spatiotemporal predicting using Artificial intelligence models and Geostatistics model. To predict the groundwater level in the duzduzan plain, initially the piezometera in the plain were classified. The groundwater level in each piezometers category were introduced as output for each of AI models and input of these models include a evaporation and a precipitation and grounwater level of the considered piezometers with one time delay (t0-1), respectively. Ann's model and Sugeno fuzzy (SF) model applied to predict groundwater level. The resulted values of Groundwater level were evaluated by statistical measures, includes root mean square error and correlation coefficient. The obtained results showed ANNs model has better performance. Then the result of ANNs model, including two year monthly groundwater level prediction data in selected piezometers, were used as inputs of geostatistics model (Kriging and Co Kriging) for predating spatially ground water level in the study area. Obtained results showed Co Kriging model has better performance. No permanent surface water resources in many parts of the country resulted in overdraft of limited underground water resources. Duzduzan plain is one of the UromiaLake sub basins. In this area, indiscriminate harvesting of groundwater resources has caused an average decline of 76 centimeters per year. The purpose of this research is Groundwater level spatiotemporal predicting using Artificial intelligence models and Geostatistics model. To predict the groundwater level in the duzduzan plain, initially the piezometera in the plain were classified. The groundwater level in each piezometers category were introduced as output for each of AI models and input of these models include a evaporation and a precipitation and grounwater level of the considered piezometers with one time delay (t0-1), respectively. Ann's model and Sugeno fuzzy (SF) model applied to predict groundwater level. The resulted values of Groundwater level were evaluated by statistical measures, includes root mean square error and correlation coefficient. The obtained results showed ANNs model has better performance. Then the result of ANNs model, including two year monthly groundwater level prediction data in selected piezometers, were used as inputs of geostatistics model (Kriging and Co Kriging) for predating spatially ground water level in the study area. Obtained results showed Co Kriging model has better performance. University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078205820170208Investigating Inhibiting Factors Equip Agricultural Land Villagers to Sprinkler Irrigation Systems (Case: Ravansar Township)Investigating Inhibiting Factors Equip Agricultural Land Villagers to Sprinkler Irrigation Systems (Case: Ravansar Township)30332558172FASeyd HedayatolahNoriAssistant Professor of Geography and Rural Planning, Isfahan UniversityDavoodJamini*Young Researchers and Elite Club, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, SanandajAlirezaJamshidiPh.D of Geography and Rural Planning, Isfahan UniversityJournal Article20140521The aim of the current study is, which uses a descriptive-analytical tool, is to investigate the factors hindering the usage of sprinkler Irrigation systems among farmers in Ravansar and propose practical ways to reinforce these systems. The sample included those farmers who used sprinkler Irrigation in Ravansar (N = 190). Factor analysis was performed for analyzing the collected data. The results indicated that use of these systems among farmers in Ravansar is more due to the physical issues rather those theoretical issues. Physical variables of performance system issues (26/612), the agricultural characteristics (22/868), behavioral issues (19/997), and environmental factors (16/492) were found to account for the 82/969 percent of the variance. Additionally, theoretician factors of performance system issues (31/874), personal (19/980), technical (15/236), and technical incongruence (7/921) accounted for 72/711 percent of the shared variance. The findings also indicated that providing financial (bank) facilities in form of loans was the best way to implement these sprinklers Irrigation systems. Most of the participants (77/9 %) found the practical solutions proposed by this study to be satisfactory. The aim of the current study is, which uses a descriptive-analytical tool, is to investigate the factors hindering the usage of sprinkler Irrigation systems among farmers in Ravansar and propose practical ways to reinforce these systems. The sample included those farmers who used sprinkler Irrigation in Ravansar (N = 190). Factor analysis was performed for analyzing the collected data. The results indicated that use of these systems among farmers in Ravansar is more due to the physical issues rather those theoretical issues. Physical variables of performance system issues (26/612), the agricultural characteristics (22/868), behavioral issues (19/997), and environmental factors (16/492) were found to account for the 82/969 percent of the variance. Additionally, theoretician factors of performance system issues (31/874), personal (19/980), technical (15/236), and technical incongruence (7/921) accounted for 72/711 percent of the shared variance. The findings also indicated that providing financial (bank) facilities in form of loans was the best way to implement these sprinklers Irrigation systems. Most of the participants (77/9 %) found the practical solutions proposed by this study to be satisfactory. University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078205820170208Analysis of the Location of Urban Fire Stations Case Study: Piranshahr CityAnalysis of the Location of Urban Fire Stations Case Study: Piranshahr City3273767267603FAJournal Article20150309