University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078216020170823ANALYZING AND MODELLING URBAN GROWTH PATTERN IN PIRANHA CITY(1984-2013)ANALYZING AND MODELLING URBAN GROWTH PATTERN IN PIRANHA CITY(1984-2013)12166040.4FAAkbarAsghari ZamaniAssociate Professor of Department of Geography and Urban Planning, University of TabrizEbrahimSharifzadeh AghdamPh.D. student of Geography and Urban Planning, Ferdowsi University of MashhadAbdollahSheykhiPh.D. student of Geography and Urban Planning, University of TehranJournal Article20141228The purpose of this research analyzed role of criteria it in the physical development of the isInstability piranshahr and environmental impact on the periphery areas and the formation of informal settlements in urban marginal areas.In this study, the spatio-temporal patterns and processes of urban growth of piranshahr were investigated from 1984 to 2013 by using satellite remote sensing images,holder, spatial metrics and logistic regression modelling..his.Therefore, in this study has been evaluated Due to importance of the issue sustainable development in the surrounding areas of the city, and that the city managers assessed Results of their activities in rural areas and urban sphere of influence to Apply the futures activities Piranshahr physical expansion of the city according to the principles and standards of urban growth. Finally, the findings showed although that village Shin Abad has joined to city. And now it will be one of the regions But the Aspral growth did not have The Expand city has been mainly Consistent with population growth caused by successive migrations during the last decades but many informal settlements have formed On the fringe connection between the two cities, villagesThe purpose of this research analyzed role of criteria it in the physical development of the isInstability piranshahr and environmental impact on the periphery areas and the formation of informal settlements in urban marginal areas.In this study, the spatio-temporal patterns and processes of urban growth of piranshahr were investigated from 1984 to 2013 by using satellite remote sensing images,holder, spatial metrics and logistic regression modelling..his.Therefore, in this study has been evaluated Due to importance of the issue sustainable development in the surrounding areas of the city, and that the city managers assessed Results of their activities in rural areas and urban sphere of influence to Apply the futures activities Piranshahr physical expansion of the city according to the principles and standards of urban growth. Finally, the findings showed although that village Shin Abad has joined to city. And now it will be one of the regions But the Aspral growth did not have The Expand city has been mainly Consistent with population growth caused by successive migrations during the last decades but many informal settlements have formed On the fringe connection between the two cities, villagesUniversity of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078216020170823Channel form Analysis of Garangu River in Mountain Interval (between Khorasanak Village of Hashtrood Cities to Mianeh city)Channel form Analysis of Garangu River in Mountain Interval (between Khorasanak Village of Hashtrood Cities to Mianeh city)2741649760FASayyedAsghari SaraskanroodAssociate Professor
Department of Geomorphology
Faculty of Literature and Humanities
University of Mohaghegh ArdabilJournal Article20140518The purpose of this study is analysis of affecting factors in pattern forming and channel dynamic in mountainous Intervals of Garangu River between Khorasanak villages in Hashtrood to input of river in Mianeh city. The pattern of research is comparative – deductive. materials of research are include of Topographic map, Geological map, flow Hydrological data, data provided from Dem and field data. In this research were used methods of River Power Analysis, River specific power, Sinuosity Index, Central angle, Route Sinuosity and longitudinal profile analysis in order to channel pattern and dynamic analysis. Results indicated that forming of channel pattern and dynamic in studied area was controlled by lithological features of sections. So channel dynamic in sections such as section 1 is impressed by lithological resistance of river bed and sides mainly bed deepening and it in sections such as section 10 is impressed by erodibility and loose formation mainly bed Widening that it was controlled by river lithological features strongly. The results of this study can be used to identify of interval Maximum River power and interval affected by river erosion.The purpose of this study is analysis of affecting factors in pattern forming and channel dynamic in mountainous Intervals of Garangu River between Khorasanak villages in Hashtrood to input of river in Mianeh city. The pattern of research is comparative – deductive. materials of research are include of Topographic map, Geological map, flow Hydrological data, data provided from Dem and field data. In this research were used methods of River Power Analysis, River specific power, Sinuosity Index, Central angle, Route Sinuosity and longitudinal profile analysis in order to channel pattern and dynamic analysis. Results indicated that forming of channel pattern and dynamic in studied area was controlled by lithological features of sections. So channel dynamic in sections such as section 1 is impressed by lithological resistance of river bed and sides mainly bed deepening and it in sections such as section 10 is impressed by erodibility and loose formation mainly bed Widening that it was controlled by river lithological features strongly. The results of this study can be used to identify of interval Maximum River power and interval affected by river erosion.University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078216020170823Assessment of Wind Erosion Intensity by IRIFR.E.A Model
(Case Study: Qahavand, Hamedan)Assessment of Wind Erosion Intensity by IRIFR.E.A Model
(Case Study: Qahavand, Hamedan)4360649800FAAli RezaIldoromiAssist. Prof., Department of Range and Watershed Management, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, HamedanAli RezaIldoromiMasters Degree in Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University.Journal Article20140503<strong>Abstract</strong> <br />The intensity of wind erosion desertification processes means reducing the ecological and biological land that occurs naturally or artificially by human activity. So far a large variety of methods to estimate the wind erosion rate is presented by various experts around the world. Because not consistent with climate models provided by experts in other countries, Iran, in 1375 IRIFR.E.A experimental model was devised and proposed. Ghahavand plains in areas which are the province of the destruction of production in the decades to face the desert. The study area is located in Sanandaj parallel to the Zagros region and has been strongly altered and magmatic activity in it. The purpose of this study, mapping of wind erosion area is IRIFR.E.A model. For this purpose, the 9 factors affecting wind erosion on the basis of the model in seven units geomorphology and geology, soil, vegetation and weather data were analysised. According to the results found that most points related to changes in land use and zoning salt is granulated or saline flats, and the last one on the regional of the village. Also according to the assessments of the area showed that 7.04percent in grade low and, 23.59 percent in grade average and 69.35 percent in the class wind erosion is very intensity.<strong>Abstract</strong> <br />The intensity of wind erosion desertification processes means reducing the ecological and biological land that occurs naturally or artificially by human activity. So far a large variety of methods to estimate the wind erosion rate is presented by various experts around the world. Because not consistent with climate models provided by experts in other countries, Iran, in 1375 IRIFR.E.A experimental model was devised and proposed. Ghahavand plains in areas which are the province of the destruction of production in the decades to face the desert. The study area is located in Sanandaj parallel to the Zagros region and has been strongly altered and magmatic activity in it. The purpose of this study, mapping of wind erosion area is IRIFR.E.A model. For this purpose, the 9 factors affecting wind erosion on the basis of the model in seven units geomorphology and geology, soil, vegetation and weather data were analysised. According to the results found that most points related to changes in land use and zoning salt is granulated or saline flats, and the last one on the regional of the village. Also according to the assessments of the area showed that 7.04percent in grade low and, 23.59 percent in grade average and 69.35 percent in the class wind erosion is very intensity.University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078216020170823An Analysis of the Locational Patterns of Metro Terminals in Urban Areas, Case Study: Tabriz MetropolitanAn Analysis of the Locational Patterns of Metro Terminals in Urban Areas, Case Study: Tabriz Metropolitan6179649901FAMohamad RezaPourmohamadi0000-0002-5231-7814SheirinBadrei AslMaster of Geography and Urban Planning, University of TabrizJournal Article20160611The growing urban population and the absolute rise in the rate of car ownership have caused a number of problems in the smooth flow of traffic in the cities. Better public transport system, especially the subway system, which is opened and expanded in some Iranian cities would help ease traffic congestion. While introducing Tabriz subway system, this article evaluates the conditions of subway stations according to twenty four indexes which are provided by hieratical analytic model. The article shows that 29 Bahaman and Shahriyar stations mark the highest point in furniture quality variable while Khayyam station comes last. Station four has the most immediate access to emergency aid while station 6 has the least. Land uses around stations 2 and 7 are more relevant to the function of the stations. In terms of esthetic principals, Shahriyar station scores the highest among the stations in the first phase of the first line. Because of its proximity of Elgholi depot, station 1 has easier and greater access to infrastructure facilities while station 5 has the least among the seven stations. Station 3 is in close proximity to commuter taxis and also in good order among other stations. The findings of the article have implications for giving priorities to organizing the subway system in Tabriz.The growing urban population and the absolute rise in the rate of car ownership have caused a number of problems in the smooth flow of traffic in the cities. Better public transport system, especially the subway system, which is opened and expanded in some Iranian cities would help ease traffic congestion. While introducing Tabriz subway system, this article evaluates the conditions of subway stations according to twenty four indexes which are provided by hieratical analytic model. The article shows that 29 Bahaman and Shahriyar stations mark the highest point in furniture quality variable while Khayyam station comes last. Station four has the most immediate access to emergency aid while station 6 has the least. Land uses around stations 2 and 7 are more relevant to the function of the stations. In terms of esthetic principals, Shahriyar station scores the highest among the stations in the first phase of the first line. Because of its proximity of Elgholi depot, station 1 has easier and greater access to infrastructure facilities while station 5 has the least among the seven stations. Station 3 is in close proximity to commuter taxis and also in good order among other stations. The findings of the article have implications for giving priorities to organizing the subway system in Tabriz.University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078216020170823Analyzing Influence of Grand Water Fluctuations on Land Subsidence: Ghaleh, Taut (East Azerbaijan)Analyzing Influence of Grand Water Fluctuations on Land Subsidence: Ghaleh, Taut (East Azerbaijan)81101650002FAAliMohammad KhorshiddoustChief Editor0000000330207603RobabRazmiIslamic Azad University, Ahar Unit, Young and Elite Research Club, Ahar.NasimMaiali AhariPhD student in geomorphology, Hakim Sabzevari UniversityKarimAbbaszadeMaster of Geomorphology, Hydrology.Journal Article20140816Subsidence is a natural phenomenon which can be reinforced by the interferences and activities of human beings. Ghaleh area in Tasuj is located in North Eastern part of Uremia Lake. The frequent occurrences of draught, expansion of agriculture and the over-population and thus over-exploitation of the water belonging to underground beds and the delicate texture of soil have caused subsidence in some parts of the area. Regarding the existing evidences, the researchers are going to investigate the source of such a phenomenon in this area. To do so, we have used Geomorphologic and geologic data plus fault maps and hypsometric levels during 11 years period (2001-2011). integration and analysis of the maps by using ARC GIS software and the preparation of isopies maps for each of the monthly and annual by using Surfer win software and the cluster analysis based on tree diagram, showed that during the 11 years the amount of subsidence has increased due to the considerable reduction of underground water levels in some parts of the area such as Ghaleh village. On the other hand human factor has been recognized as the most important factor for the subsidence in the area.Subsidence is a natural phenomenon which can be reinforced by the interferences and activities of human beings. Ghaleh area in Tasuj is located in North Eastern part of Uremia Lake. The frequent occurrences of draught, expansion of agriculture and the over-population and thus over-exploitation of the water belonging to underground beds and the delicate texture of soil have caused subsidence in some parts of the area. Regarding the existing evidences, the researchers are going to investigate the source of such a phenomenon in this area. To do so, we have used Geomorphologic and geologic data plus fault maps and hypsometric levels during 11 years period (2001-2011). integration and analysis of the maps by using ARC GIS software and the preparation of isopies maps for each of the monthly and annual by using Surfer win software and the cluster analysis based on tree diagram, showed that during the 11 years the amount of subsidence has increased due to the considerable reduction of underground water levels in some parts of the area such as Ghaleh village. On the other hand human factor has been recognized as the most important factor for the subsidence in the area.University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078216020170916Precipitation Waiting Time Duration in Kurdistan ProvincePrecipitation Waiting Time Duration in Kurdistan Province125649634FAMohamadDarandAssistant Professor of Climatology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Iran.BehroozEbrahimiMaster Student of Climatology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Iran.Journal Article20141024To doing this research daily precipitation data from 162 synoptic, climatic and rain gauge stations in and out of province during 21/3/1961 to 31/12/2012 extracted from Kurdistan Regional Water Company and meteorology organizations. By geostatistic Kriging method daily precipitation interpolated on 6×6 kilometers and one digital map has been created for each days. Then data over province on the 811 pixels that covers whole of province extracted. A database was created in dimensions of 18914×811with time (day) on the rows and pixels (place) on the column. The average, high and low hresholds and standard deviation of waiting time duration calculated for each pixel during different months. To detection thresholds the t-student test has been applied. The thresholds calculated in 99% confidence level. The results showed that Mountains features have important effects on precipitation waiting time duration. The different precipitation waiting time duration observed over Kurdistan province during different months. The distribution of precipitation waiting time during the different seasons of the year shows route of Rain-bearing systems on Kurdistan province. In total, the cores of minimum precipitation waiting time are located on the North-West of province in spring, on the North and North-East of province in summer, and on the North-West and West of province in autumn and winter. The shortest and most prolonged precipitation waiting time is related to the months of February and September respectively. In February on the part of the western and northwestern parts of Kurdish province precipitation waiting time duration is about 3 days. While waiting period in September on the mentioned areas is more than 60 days.To doing this research daily precipitation data from 162 synoptic, climatic and rain gauge stations in and out of province during 21/3/1961 to 31/12/2012 extracted from Kurdistan Regional Water Company and meteorology organizations. By geostatistic Kriging method daily precipitation interpolated on 6×6 kilometers and one digital map has been created for each days. Then data over province on the 811 pixels that covers whole of province extracted. A database was created in dimensions of 18914×811with time (day) on the rows and pixels (place) on the column. The average, high and low hresholds and standard deviation of waiting time duration calculated for each pixel during different months. To detection thresholds the t-student test has been applied. The thresholds calculated in 99% confidence level. The results showed that Mountains features have important effects on precipitation waiting time duration. The different precipitation waiting time duration observed over Kurdistan province during different months. The distribution of precipitation waiting time during the different seasons of the year shows route of Rain-bearing systems on Kurdistan province. In total, the cores of minimum precipitation waiting time are located on the North-West of province in spring, on the North and North-East of province in summer, and on the North-West and West of province in autumn and winter. The shortest and most prolonged precipitation waiting time is related to the months of February and September respectively. In February on the part of the western and northwestern parts of Kurdish province precipitation waiting time duration is about 3 days. While waiting period in September on the mentioned areas is more than 60 days.University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078216020170823Statistical Analysis of Climate Parameters Periodic Fluctuations in Chosen Stations of the Kurdestan ProvinceStatistical Analysis of Climate Parameters Periodic Fluctuations in Chosen Stations of the Kurdestan Province108118650103FAMohamaRaheimiAssistant Professor Department of Desertification Dept., Seminary Seminar.Mohamad RezaYazdaniAssistant Professor Department of Desertification Dept., Seminary Seminar.MoslemAsadiGraduate student of De-Desertification Department of Semnan UniversityNafisePegahfarAssistant Professor, National Institute of Oceanology and GeosciencesMohammdTaleb HaydariDirector General of the Meteorological Research Center of Kurdistan Province.Journal Article20141103<strong>Abstract</strong> <br />The aim of this study is to investigate possible deviations from normal for Some climatic parameters in the Kurdestan. Calculation and analysis is done based on variables such as temperature, precipitation, humidity and maximum wind speed. Period examined in this study is a 30-year period between 1983 and 2012 and is included Sanandaj, Saghez, Ghorveh, Marivan, Zarina Stations and Bijar At first, will identify data changes using the Mann-Kendall test. Then Characterized type and time of change. At the end Pearson correlation test was applied between variables. The results of data analysis indicate that start time of more changes is sudden and includes both the trend and fluctuation. Also, the results of the pearson correlation test suggests in most stations, there is positive significant correlation between rainfall and humidity and also negative significant correlation between temperature and humidity parameters.<strong>Abstract</strong> <br />The aim of this study is to investigate possible deviations from normal for Some climatic parameters in the Kurdestan. Calculation and analysis is done based on variables such as temperature, precipitation, humidity and maximum wind speed. Period examined in this study is a 30-year period between 1983 and 2012 and is included Sanandaj, Saghez, Ghorveh, Marivan, Zarina Stations and Bijar At first, will identify data changes using the Mann-Kendall test. Then Characterized type and time of change. At the end Pearson correlation test was applied between variables. The results of data analysis indicate that start time of more changes is sudden and includes both the trend and fluctuation. Also, the results of the pearson correlation test suggests in most stations, there is positive significant correlation between rainfall and humidity and also negative significant correlation between temperature and humidity parameters.University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078216020170823The Assessment of implementation Neighborhood Management on Achievement Good Urban Governance in Tehran Metropolitan; Case Study: 1, 12 and 16 Districts of TehranThe Assessment of implementation Neighborhood Management on Achievement Good Urban Governance in Tehran Metropolitan; Case Study: 1, 12 and 16 Districts of Tehran119142652204FAMohammad RezaRezaeiAssistant Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, Yazd University.SohrabMoazzenStudent of Geography and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University.Journal Article20141026The development of urbanization and cities sprawling growth have led to increasing problems and shortages in urban management in recent decades. One of the most emphasized approaches to improvement urban managements performance and solution to urban issues and problems is using Neighborhood Management plan or "citizens self- management" approach in urban management. In Tehran metropolis, with the contribution of urban management and interaction among other units and subdivisions, there has been conducted some appropriate projects to constitute and support the activities of neighborhood counseling units to use the capacity of participants and contribution of citizens and considering the priorities and local requirements one of which is the "neighborhood management" in this respect. The present article following this subject that, first of all, do neighborhood management have succeeded in achieving it’s goals? Secondly, how is Tehran urban management of region 1, 12 and 16 based on the indices of Good Urban Governance? Finally, is there any relation between performance of neighborhood management and capacity of achievement Good Urban Governance approach in urban management? The research methodology is descriptive, analytic and data are collected doing survey methods by questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS. The results show that neighborhood management have not succeeded in achieving it’s goals; urban management of study area is inappropriate situation based on the indices of Good Urban Governance; and finally there is a significant relation between performance of neighborhood management plan and a capacity to realization of Good Urban Governance in urban management in study area.The development of urbanization and cities sprawling growth have led to increasing problems and shortages in urban management in recent decades. One of the most emphasized approaches to improvement urban managements performance and solution to urban issues and problems is using Neighborhood Management plan or "citizens self- management" approach in urban management. In Tehran metropolis, with the contribution of urban management and interaction among other units and subdivisions, there has been conducted some appropriate projects to constitute and support the activities of neighborhood counseling units to use the capacity of participants and contribution of citizens and considering the priorities and local requirements one of which is the "neighborhood management" in this respect. The present article following this subject that, first of all, do neighborhood management have succeeded in achieving it’s goals? Secondly, how is Tehran urban management of region 1, 12 and 16 based on the indices of Good Urban Governance? Finally, is there any relation between performance of neighborhood management and capacity of achievement Good Urban Governance approach in urban management? The research methodology is descriptive, analytic and data are collected doing survey methods by questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS. The results show that neighborhood management have not succeeded in achieving it’s goals; urban management of study area is inappropriate situation based on the indices of Good Urban Governance; and finally there is a significant relation between performance of neighborhood management plan and a capacity to realization of Good Urban Governance in urban management in study area.University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078216020170823Evaluation of Climate Change Impacts on Groundwater Level in Tasuj BasinEvaluation of Climate Change Impacts on Groundwater Level in Tasuj Basin143160652305FAMajeidRezaee BanafsheTahareJalaliPhD in Climatology, University of TabrizJournal Article20140920According to important role of climate parameters such as radiation, temperature, precipitation and the evaporation in water resource management, The purpose of the present investigation, is evaluation of climate change in Tasuj basin and Groundwater level response to these changes in period 2013-2030 by scenarios A2, B1, A1B. To do this research, was used the data of Chrchr and Sharafkhaneh evaporation stations and Khoy synoptic station for the period 1985-2012 and water levels data of tasuj basin for the years 2012-2000. Data of temperature, precipitation and sunshine with software LARS-WG and groundwater levels were predicted by artificial neural networks for mentioned period. The results revealed a decrease in precipitation and rise in temperature in each of the three studied scenarios.Maximum decline in water level in A2 scenario and minimum decline in groundwater levels will happen in B1 scenarios. Also study cross-correlation showed the impact of rainfall on groundwater levels is with time lag of 2 months.According to important role of climate parameters such as radiation, temperature, precipitation and the evaporation in water resource management, The purpose of the present investigation, is evaluation of climate change in Tasuj basin and Groundwater level response to these changes in period 2013-2030 by scenarios A2, B1, A1B. To do this research, was used the data of Chrchr and Sharafkhaneh evaporation stations and Khoy synoptic station for the period 1985-2012 and water levels data of tasuj basin for the years 2012-2000. Data of temperature, precipitation and sunshine with software LARS-WG and groundwater levels were predicted by artificial neural networks for mentioned period. The results revealed a decrease in precipitation and rise in temperature in each of the three studied scenarios.Maximum decline in water level in A2 scenario and minimum decline in groundwater levels will happen in B1 scenarios. Also study cross-correlation showed the impact of rainfall on groundwater levels is with time lag of 2 months.University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078216020170823Analysis and Forecasting Drought Days Using Artificial Neural Networks Model (Case Study: Station Tehran)Analysis and Forecasting Drought Days Using Artificial Neural Networks Model (Case Study: Station Tehran)161167652406FAHosseinAsakerehHumor of Geography, University of Zanjan0000-0001-7699-0547FariebaSayadiMS Graduated in Climatology, University ZanjanJournal Article20140528Artificial neural networks as a nonlinear techniques in climate and hydrology studies are important to have. Climate change and the global warming of the climate phenomenon known as persistence of drought followed Number of dry days. In this study, the data of daily rainfall during the period (1976-2008) and artificial neural network in MATLAB software is used to predict the number of dry days Tehran station. Feed-forward type of network used by the algorithm reduces the gradient and Levenberg Marquardt is in the process of teaching and learning. Various structures in the input and hidden layers were tested during the training phase. Finally, a network with 4 inputs and 5 neurons in the hidden layer and 1 neuron in the output layer to best structure (4-5-1) with the highest correlation to predict the optimal answer. The results showed that the aforementioned stations, dry days predicted by the network during the period under review increased compared with that by calculating the probability of dry days during the period (2018-2009) using a Markov chain, the above been approved. The correlation coefficient values predicted dry days without a genetic algorithm combined with 86 percent .After teaching network as genetic algorithm combined with 88 percent that able providing algorithm combined to network result passable showingArtificial neural networks as a nonlinear techniques in climate and hydrology studies are important to have. Climate change and the global warming of the climate phenomenon known as persistence of drought followed Number of dry days. In this study, the data of daily rainfall during the period (1976-2008) and artificial neural network in MATLAB software is used to predict the number of dry days Tehran station. Feed-forward type of network used by the algorithm reduces the gradient and Levenberg Marquardt is in the process of teaching and learning. Various structures in the input and hidden layers were tested during the training phase. Finally, a network with 4 inputs and 5 neurons in the hidden layer and 1 neuron in the output layer to best structure (4-5-1) with the highest correlation to predict the optimal answer. The results showed that the aforementioned stations, dry days predicted by the network during the period under review increased compared with that by calculating the probability of dry days during the period (2018-2009) using a Markov chain, the above been approved. The correlation coefficient values predicted dry days without a genetic algorithm combined with 86 percent .After teaching network as genetic algorithm combined with 88 percent that able providing algorithm combined to network result passable showingUniversity of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078216020170823The Prediction Probability of Repeated Drought Periods and Effects on Vegetation in Golestan ProvinceThe Prediction Probability of Repeated Drought Periods and Effects on Vegetation in Golestan Province179196652607FAAmanollahFathniaAssistant Professor of Climatology, Department of Geography, Razi University of Kermanshah.SaeidRajaeePH.D Student, Climatology, Dep. Of Geography, Razi UniversityFarzaneBorzoPH.D Student, Climatology, Dep. Of Geography, Razi UniversityJournal Article20141004In this study, using Gorgan station data for the period 2010-1980 was studied precipitation trends. In order to extract precipitation trend the moving average and Mann-Kendall test was used. Also, using by SPI (standard precipitation index) drought period and by Markov chain probability event each of the different states drought or wet period was calculated. Then, using NOAA-AVHRR images fluctuations vegetation affected by the precipitation trend and by Markov chain probabilities alternation for each class were examined. Results showed has occurred in 2001-2007 and 1990-1994 Years wet period and in 1982-1986 and 2005-2010 drought period. Study of drought index showed precipitation trend in same period and has occurred wet period in 2001-2005 and drought period from 2005. According to Markov Probabilistic matrix probability alternation from severe drought to same is 0.6 and severe drought to moderate drought is 0.13. In same trend, have decrease semi-dense vegetation from with 494479 hectares in 1985 to less than 380,120 hectares in 2000. Density and area of Vegetation have increased from 2000-2005, but for the reason of drought decrease recently and with 0.48 probabilities will remain non vegetation class in same conditions. The most probability changing is related to sparse vegetation to non-vegetation with 0.41. On this basis, may be will changed 214060 hectares to non-vegetation.In this study, using Gorgan station data for the period 2010-1980 was studied precipitation trends. In order to extract precipitation trend the moving average and Mann-Kendall test was used. Also, using by SPI (standard precipitation index) drought period and by Markov chain probability event each of the different states drought or wet period was calculated. Then, using NOAA-AVHRR images fluctuations vegetation affected by the precipitation trend and by Markov chain probabilities alternation for each class were examined. Results showed has occurred in 2001-2007 and 1990-1994 Years wet period and in 1982-1986 and 2005-2010 drought period. Study of drought index showed precipitation trend in same period and has occurred wet period in 2001-2005 and drought period from 2005. According to Markov Probabilistic matrix probability alternation from severe drought to same is 0.6 and severe drought to moderate drought is 0.13. In same trend, have decrease semi-dense vegetation from with 494479 hectares in 1985 to less than 380,120 hectares in 2000. Density and area of Vegetation have increased from 2000-2005, but for the reason of drought decrease recently and with 0.48 probabilities will remain non vegetation class in same conditions. The most probability changing is related to sparse vegetation to non-vegetation with 0.41. On this basis, may be will changed 214060 hectares to non-vegetation.University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078216020170823A comparative investigation of spatial structure and benefits of urbanization (a case study Shiraz and Central Mazandaran)A comparative investigation of spatial structure and benefits of urbanization (a case study Shiraz and Central Mazandaran)197220653708FASedighehLotfiScientific member0000-0001-6467-0642MojtabaShahabi ShahmiriMaster of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Tehran, Pardis of Fine ArtsSasanRoushenasMaster of Urban and Regional Planning, Allameh Tabatabai University, Faculty of Social Sciences.Journal Article20141002In recent years, there has been extensive literature on spatial structure of metropolitan areas and its economic consequences, with emphasis on concepts of poly-centricity and agglomeration economies. Defenders of polycentric regions claim that these areas can make a balance between advantages and disadvantages of agglomeration to create competitive advantages comparing with mono-centric regions, while avoiding excessive concentration and congestion of competitor region. However, there are few studies that have examined these approaches adaptively. Hence, this paper aims to make a comparative study of two metropolitan areas of Shiraz and central Mazandaran to investigate some of the claims about links between spatial structure optimization and advantages of accumulation. The Methodology of the research is based on descriptive and statistical analysis such as Ciccone-Hall and Herfindahl index. The results showed that the spatial structure of the region with emphasis on the concept of polycentric and distribution is scattered and polycentric pattern of central region of Mazandaran against centralized and mono-centric Shiraz metropolitan area. In this context, from the perspective of the consumer, the lack of a dominant urban culture and urban environment should be considered as an important factor in the failure to achieve urbanization advantages. This is an obstacle to achieving higher performance services and facilities, especially lowering private sector investment. However, the findings from the analysis defend relatively equal diversification of production in region of Central Mazandaran against Shiraz metropolitan area, and consider it as a big factor to create complementary links between urban centers in the region. Also, it seems a polycentric pattern without sharing their resources in order to provide more facilities and Infrastructures in regional level cannot be defined in achieving localization advantages as a close rival to mono-centric metropolitan area.In recent years, there has been extensive literature on spatial structure of metropolitan areas and its economic consequences, with emphasis on concepts of poly-centricity and agglomeration economies. Defenders of polycentric regions claim that these areas can make a balance between advantages and disadvantages of agglomeration to create competitive advantages comparing with mono-centric regions, while avoiding excessive concentration and congestion of competitor region. However, there are few studies that have examined these approaches adaptively. Hence, this paper aims to make a comparative study of two metropolitan areas of Shiraz and central Mazandaran to investigate some of the claims about links between spatial structure optimization and advantages of accumulation. The Methodology of the research is based on descriptive and statistical analysis such as Ciccone-Hall and Herfindahl index. The results showed that the spatial structure of the region with emphasis on the concept of polycentric and distribution is scattered and polycentric pattern of central region of Mazandaran against centralized and mono-centric Shiraz metropolitan area. In this context, from the perspective of the consumer, the lack of a dominant urban culture and urban environment should be considered as an important factor in the failure to achieve urbanization advantages. This is an obstacle to achieving higher performance services and facilities, especially lowering private sector investment. However, the findings from the analysis defend relatively equal diversification of production in region of Central Mazandaran against Shiraz metropolitan area, and consider it as a big factor to create complementary links between urban centers in the region. Also, it seems a polycentric pattern without sharing their resources in order to provide more facilities and Infrastructures in regional level cannot be defined in achieving localization advantages as a close rival to mono-centric metropolitan area.University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078216020170823Application of Artificial Neural Network in Modeling and Forecasting Land Use Changes in Sardroud City (1984-2031)Application of Artificial Neural Network in Modeling and Forecasting Land Use Changes in Sardroud City (1984-2031)221237654109FAHasanMahmoudzadehAssistant Professor, Department of Geography and Planning, University of TabrizJournal Article20151030An essential step to urban planning, management and evaluation of its effects is to simulate physical development of the city.
The aim of this study is to understand parameters of physical development at Sardroud city with regard to sustainable spatial development of urban issues from ecological and environmental viewpoint in the next two decades. Using Landsat 5 multi temporal satellite images and object oriented techniques, application changes of the lands in 1984-2011 period has been evaluated with emphasis on Sprawl expansion of Sardroud city. Based on the results, urban area of Sardroud which was 111.24 hectares in 1984, has reached to 528.12 ha in 2011.162.94 hectares of mentioned lands has developed on the Garden and agricultural land, which demands management of future development based on the principles of sustainable development.
Therefore, effective factors of physical development in Sardroud city is classified within 14 layers, and by using Artificial Neural Network method based on LTM Model, the possibility of urban development map was prepared. After predicting the future pattern of urban development in Sardroud city, the protection of gardens and green spaces strategy in the urban development process was operated using hexagonal layout of possibility of urban development map, giving the necessary space for the development, Extraction of natural green belt with the length of 15 km applying the ban of urban development in the around of proposed green belt, maintaining the ecological reserves of Sardroud city by reducing agricultural and garden lands, and prevent connection to the metropolitan of Tabriz is emphasized.An essential step to urban planning, management and evaluation of its effects is to simulate physical development of the city.
The aim of this study is to understand parameters of physical development at Sardroud city with regard to sustainable spatial development of urban issues from ecological and environmental viewpoint in the next two decades. Using Landsat 5 multi temporal satellite images and object oriented techniques, application changes of the lands in 1984-2011 period has been evaluated with emphasis on Sprawl expansion of Sardroud city. Based on the results, urban area of Sardroud which was 111.24 hectares in 1984, has reached to 528.12 ha in 2011.162.94 hectares of mentioned lands has developed on the Garden and agricultural land, which demands management of future development based on the principles of sustainable development.
Therefore, effective factors of physical development in Sardroud city is classified within 14 layers, and by using Artificial Neural Network method based on LTM Model, the possibility of urban development map was prepared. After predicting the future pattern of urban development in Sardroud city, the protection of gardens and green spaces strategy in the urban development process was operated using hexagonal layout of possibility of urban development map, giving the necessary space for the development, Extraction of natural green belt with the length of 15 km applying the ban of urban development in the around of proposed green belt, maintaining the ecological reserves of Sardroud city by reducing agricultural and garden lands, and prevent connection to the metropolitan of Tabriz is emphasized.University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078216020170823An Analysis on Satisfaction Level of Flower and Plant Tourists in Arriving Peak Times to Mahallat TownshipAn Analysis on Satisfaction Level of Flower and Plant Tourists in Arriving Peak Times to Mahallat Township2392616542101FANosratMoradiPh.D. student of Geography and Rural Planning, University of Isfahan.Sayyed Hedayat OllahNooriAssociate Professor of Department of Geography and Planning of Isfahan UniversityKebreyaMoradeiMaster of Geography and Planning in Isfahan University.SheirkooPasandeiPh.D. in Geography and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Malayer Branch.Journal Article20140709Today, tourism is one of the first activities to create job opportunities and earn income in the world; this activity is accelerating and has gained leading status in recent years. Tourism industry is divided in several forms which one of its branches is Agritourism. Agricultural tourism as one of the successful recreational activities has become a suitable alternative for development of rural and undeveloped areas. Identification of tourism susceptible areas is one of the main prerequisites for tourism planning and development. Mahallat township enjoys leading and great attractions include farms and gardens of flower and plant breeding, festival of flower and plant, garden alleys and so on which can make suitable grounds for tourism development. Planning and developing of agritourism in Mahalat township require attention to various aspects of it which tourists satisfaction is the most important one. <br />This study aim to identify affecting factors on agritouists satisfaction level in Mahalat Township which has visited tourism attractions in Shahrivar month. This research is descriptive- analytical and applied one. In this study due to lack of available statistics about tourists, estimated method have been used for determining the sample size and 153 questionnaires were distributed among the visitors at the specific time. To analyze data factor analysis were used. Factor analysis results showed that the highest satisfaction of agritourists belong to agritourism attractions and it’s components such as exhibition and the festival of flowers and plants, garden alleys, farms and gardens of flower and plants breeding, natural landscapes, climate and historical attractions and services factors and it’s components which totally explain 45 percent of variables variance. The lowest agritourists satisfaction belong to advertising and its components as well as infrastructural factor which explain 11 percent of variables variance. Investing in infrastructure supplies and advertising can make positive effect on development of flower and plant tourism in Mahallat township, so it is suggested to focus on said criteria in tourism development plans. Today, tourism is one of the first activities to create job opportunities and earn income in the world; this activity is accelerating and has gained leading status in recent years. Tourism industry is divided in several forms which one of its branches is Agritourism. Agricultural tourism as one of the successful recreational activities has become a suitable alternative for development of rural and undeveloped areas. Identification of tourism susceptible areas is one of the main prerequisites for tourism planning and development. Mahallat township enjoys leading and great attractions include farms and gardens of flower and plant breeding, festival of flower and plant, garden alleys and so on which can make suitable grounds for tourism development. Planning and developing of agritourism in Mahalat township require attention to various aspects of it which tourists satisfaction is the most important one. <br />This study aim to identify affecting factors on agritouists satisfaction level in Mahalat Township which has visited tourism attractions in Shahrivar month. This research is descriptive- analytical and applied one. In this study due to lack of available statistics about tourists, estimated method have been used for determining the sample size and 153 questionnaires were distributed among the visitors at the specific time. To analyze data factor analysis were used. Factor analysis results showed that the highest satisfaction of agritourists belong to agritourism attractions and it’s components such as exhibition and the festival of flowers and plants, garden alleys, farms and gardens of flower and plants breeding, natural landscapes, climate and historical attractions and services factors and it’s components which totally explain 45 percent of variables variance. The lowest agritourists satisfaction belong to advertising and its components as well as infrastructural factor which explain 11 percent of variables variance. Investing in infrastructure supplies and advertising can make positive effect on development of flower and plant tourism in Mahallat township, so it is suggested to focus on said criteria in tourism development plans. University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078216020170823Pistachio growing area zonation based on climatic parameters in East Azerbijan provincePistachio growing area zonation based on climatic parameters in East Azerbijan province28129866050.5FAJamsheidYarahmadiAssistant Professor of Soil and Water Conservation Research, Agricultural Research and Education Center, East Azarbaijan Province, Agricultural Research and Education Organization, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-5217-047XNasreinHajihassaniMaster of Science in Soil Conservation and Watershed Management, Agricultural Research and Education Center, East Azarbaijan Province, Agricultural Research and Training Organization, Tabriz, IranAsgarFarajniaFaculty Member of Soil and Water Research Department, Agricultural Research and Education Center, East Azarbaijan Province, Agricultural Research and Training Organization, Tabriz, IranAliTajabadei PourMember of the faculty of Pistachio Research Institute, Research Institute of Horticulture, Organization for Research, Education and Promotion of Agriculture, Rafsanjan, IranJournal Article20141015Recent permanent trend of drought in East Azerbaijan province has caused of the reduction in available water resources, a sharp drop in the groundwater levels as well as drying of the Uremia Lake and finally increasing saline lands surrounding the Uremia Lake. Also, the orchards and farm lands which strangely depended on groundwater have been indiscriminately and disproportionately developed related to the current climate condition. Therefore, modification of agricultural patterns is one of the best solutions for efficient water usage in agricultural section and is considered as the only practical solution in relation to the sustainable development of agriculture. This study was conducted in order to determine the suitability for growing pistachio orchards and replacing it with second and third degree gardens. Suitable areas were determined by modeling in ArcGIS software environment based on various affective climate parameters in various stages of plant growth. Results show that about 25 percent of the area is completely suitable, 27 percent is relatively suitable and 48.4 percent is completely unsuitable for pistachio plantation. Also, marginal areas of the Uremia Lake are quite suitable which indicates that the replacement of the orchards of pistachio with high water consuming orchards in the area is fully practical and feasible. The results could provide more reliable basis for agricultural decision-making and planning to provide a new model to replace the pistachio orchards with high water consuming orchards.Recent permanent trend of drought in East Azerbaijan province has caused of the reduction in available water resources, a sharp drop in the groundwater levels as well as drying of the Uremia Lake and finally increasing saline lands surrounding the Uremia Lake. Also, the orchards and farm lands which strangely depended on groundwater have been indiscriminately and disproportionately developed related to the current climate condition. Therefore, modification of agricultural patterns is one of the best solutions for efficient water usage in agricultural section and is considered as the only practical solution in relation to the sustainable development of agriculture. This study was conducted in order to determine the suitability for growing pistachio orchards and replacing it with second and third degree gardens. Suitable areas were determined by modeling in ArcGIS software environment based on various affective climate parameters in various stages of plant growth. Results show that about 25 percent of the area is completely suitable, 27 percent is relatively suitable and 48.4 percent is completely unsuitable for pistachio plantation. Also, marginal areas of the Uremia Lake are quite suitable which indicates that the replacement of the orchards of pistachio with high water consuming orchards in the area is fully practical and feasible. The results could provide more reliable basis for agricultural decision-making and planning to provide a new model to replace the pistachio orchards with high water consuming orchards.University of TabrizJournal of Geography and Planning2008-8078216020170823Extended AbstractsExtended Abstracts2993508646FAJournal Article20160807rid and semi-arid regions of the world is mainly characterized by lack or little amount of precipitation as well as irregular tempo-spatial distribution of annual rainfall and highly evapotranspiration. On the other hand, recent permanent drought in East Azerbaijan province has led to a reduction in available water resources, a sharp drop in the groundwater levels, Urmia Lake receding and drying and increasing saline lands surrounding the Urmia Lake. Also the orchards and farm lands that seriously depend on groundwater level have been indiscriminately and disproportionately developed related to the climate condition. Therefore, modification of agricultural patterns is the best way to efficient water use in agriculture and is considered as the only practical solution in relation to the sustainable development of agriculture. This study was conducted in order to determine the appropriate area for growing pistachio orchards and replacing it with second and third order of gardens.rid and semi-arid regions of the world is mainly characterized by lack or little amount of precipitation as well as irregular tempo-spatial distribution of annual rainfall and highly evapotranspiration. On the other hand, recent permanent drought in East Azerbaijan province has led to a reduction in available water resources, a sharp drop in the groundwater levels, Urmia Lake receding and drying and increasing saline lands surrounding the Urmia Lake. Also the orchards and farm lands that seriously depend on groundwater level have been indiscriminately and disproportionately developed related to the climate condition. Therefore, modification of agricultural patterns is the best way to efficient water use in agriculture and is considered as the only practical solution in relation to the sustainable development of agriculture. This study was conducted in order to determine the appropriate area for growing pistachio orchards and replacing it with second and third order of gardens.