Research Paper
Mehri Azani; Mouhamad reza Abbasi
Volume 16, Issue 42 , March 2013, Pages 1-22
Abstract
From the past to now, plants and green spaces have been one of the fundamental needs in human's life especially with relation to nature. These plants and green spaces have showed their importance in physical and spiritual human life more and more with extension of cities, urbanization and increasing ...
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From the past to now, plants and green spaces have been one of the fundamental needs in human's life especially with relation to nature. These plants and green spaces have showed their importance in physical and spiritual human life more and more with extension of cities, urbanization and increasing pollutants level originated from human activity. The distribution of green space is one of the principles of geographical justice implementation in sustainable urban development by considering balanced population distribution. The main purpose of this study is an analysis of the position of green space in different regions of Shiraz city in relation to population distribution by considering sustainable development approach. The methodology of this study is based on functional purpose and descriptive-case nature in which we used entropy coefficient and convention Koyck model to find imbalance of population disperse in regions of Shiraz city and its direct relation with urban green space distribution. It can be referred to imbalanced urban green space in relation with population distribution in regions of Shiraz (1987-2007) based of Williamson index as one of the results of this study.
Research Paper
Mohammadreza Afshariazad; Haleh Poraki
Volume 16, Issue 42 , March 2013, Pages 23-44
Abstract
Road transport plays a key role in the effective implementation of national sustainable development plays and safety of traffic during the year. Of special importance are Col Almass Anklet and Esalam in the western Alborz 30 km long road. This way of connects sections steep and passes high-risk areas ...
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Road transport plays a key role in the effective implementation of national sustainable development plays and safety of traffic during the year. Of special importance are Col Almass Anklet and Esalam in the western Alborz 30 km long road. This way of connects sections steep and passes high-risk areas and always threatens types of risks, especially in the range of movement types. Established lines of communication and identification of natural risks and geomorphic effects of road accidents caused by geomorphologic factors is a main issue The relationship between climatic phenomena, road accidents and the high-risk areas is studied which can provide suggestions and solutions to improve road transport safety factors. In one of the axes, the axis connecting the north of the country Esalem-Khalkhal (Col Almass) are included in the study. Methods are based on field observations and interpretation of these observations, geological and topographic maps, aerial photographs. In addition, a risk zoning map of the area showed geomorphologic 64 percent of association is high and very high risk. Geomorphologic assessment conducted in this study, shows damage to roads and other facilities in the area.
Research Paper
Mahdi Pourtarery; Abdolreza Roknedin Eftekhari; Mahdi Rahmati
Volume 16, Issue 42 , March 2013, Pages 45-63
Abstract
Making efforts to improve the quality of human being life and raising the conditions and standards of that, is one of the dimensions of planning, in our contemporary world. So that many of the most successful governments, evaluate the successful of their programs by people life improvement and increase ...
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Making efforts to improve the quality of human being life and raising the conditions and standards of that, is one of the dimensions of planning, in our contemporary world. So that many of the most successful governments, evaluate the successful of their programs by people life improvement and increase in their welfare level. On the other hand, the social welfare programs will better achieve their expected goal, if the society have an acceptable level of knowledge according to this knowledge and wisdom are the bed stone of social welfare and development the overall level of knowledge and scientific wisdom of social in Iran is relatively low. This is too lower in rural social in compare with urban social and that shows the depth of wisdom s challenge among this portion of society. However as a result of low education level, knowing a little about personal, civic and social rights makes rural community too confuse to get to its willing. In turn, this matter will have a contrary effect on success of rural social planning organizations know, this question evil raise that: is there any meaning relation behaviors rural people legal knowledge and the social welfare? To knowing this, 200 questionnaires have been filled among rural habitat of Vashian country areas of Lorestan province and have shown that there is significant correlation between social welfare and the level of legal knowledge of rural people. In respect to this personal and civic right have had the largest shares in social welfare especially in housing quality, rural partnership and housing satisfaction.
Research Paper
Mohammadreza Pourmohammadi; Aliakbar Taghipour
Volume 16, Issue 42 , March 2013, Pages 65-88
Abstract
Land is a key factor for all human activities such as providing housing, services and urban infrastructure. Efficient and optimal use of land resources is among very important responsibilities of urban planning and managers. This issue most of time is being neglected or little attention is paid to it ...
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Land is a key factor for all human activities such as providing housing, services and urban infrastructure. Efficient and optimal use of land resources is among very important responsibilities of urban planning and managers. This issue most of time is being neglected or little attention is paid to it especially in less developed countries. While in some areas considerable parcels of land for legal, economic or because of environmental reasons are left unused, intensive constructions are carried out in other parts. Attempts are made in this article to highlight the importance and of resumption of unused or misused urban lands and brought toward appropriate suggestions to improve the difficulties and problems of land availability.
Research Paper
Masood Taghavaee; Mahdi Zanganeh
Volume 16, Issue 42 , March 2013, Pages 89-112
Abstract
Over recent decades, there has been paid so much attention to tourism in different communities and because of its making economical benefits, developing employment, importing foreign currency, making Iran culture known so much effort has been done for developing tourism industry. Taking advantage of ...
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Over recent decades, there has been paid so much attention to tourism in different communities and because of its making economical benefits, developing employment, importing foreign currency, making Iran culture known so much effort has been done for developing tourism industry. Taking advantage of tourism valuable benefits is possible if we get sufficient recognition with the nature of this phenomenon and its characteristics and tourism potentials of Iran’s different regions. Shandiz has been familiar to tourists and this indicates this region’s geographical, Cultural and historical high position. However, In spite of locating around cosmopolitan Mashhad and having natural gifts, Shandiz has not developed satisfactorily and has not become one of the profitable regions of Iran’ economy
Research Paper
Saeed Jahanbakhsh; Fatemeh Jafary shandy; Fereshteh Hosseinalipourgazy
Volume 16, Issue 42 , March 2013, Pages 113-138
Abstract
In order to identify synoptic super heavy rain patterns (precipitation exceeding 50 millimeters a day) in Azerbaijan region, the daily precipitation data of 23 rain gauges were studied by six-hour precipitation synopsis from 1963 to 2005. The data were analyzed through hierarchical clustering analysis, ...
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In order to identify synoptic super heavy rain patterns (precipitation exceeding 50 millimeters a day) in Azerbaijan region, the daily precipitation data of 23 rain gauges were studied by six-hour precipitation synopsis from 1963 to 2005. The data were analyzed through hierarchical clustering analysis, specifically Ward cluster analysis in GRADS, MATLAB, and SURFFER softwares to identify the relationship between the higher-atmosphere circulation patterns and super heavy rain events in the studied region. Results demonstrated three different active circulation patterns in the region, for each pattern a single representative day was introduced for super heavy rain events's analysis. The spatial alignment of the precipitation pattern points out a relationship between the temporal distributions of super heavy rain events in region with the latitude. Significant relationships are existent between EastBlack Sea-NorthMediteranehSea, and Black Sea trough pattern and super heavy rain events in the studied region. The results play an important role in the prediction of heavy rain events in the region.
Research Paper
Javad Khoshhal; Abbasali Vali; Moahsen Pourkhosravani
Volume 16, Issue 42 , March 2013, Pages 139-153
Abstract
Attention to agricultural production capabilities in every region is related to climatic characteristics, so study on the climatic parameters is very important. This study evaluates for assessment the effect of wind on crop conditions and optimizes the amount of crop conditions by wind break on wheat ...
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Attention to agricultural production capabilities in every region is related to climatic characteristics, so study on the climatic parameters is very important. This study evaluates for assessment the effect of wind on crop conditions and optimizes the amount of crop conditions by wind break on wheat in Mohammad Abad in Esfahan. For assessment of changes that are resulting from carminative agronomic Traits of Wheat include: grain weight, number of grains per spike, spikes per square meter, grain yield, biological yield and percentage resting form a complete random design treatments. Distance carminative height was evaluated. Analysis of variance showed significant difference in the level of 1 percent for grain weight, yield and resting percent and 5 percent levels for biological yield and grain number per spike showed. Test to compare mean grain weight, number of grains per spike, spike in m², grain yield, biological yield and percentage resting treatments at different levels indicated significant differences in the averages of each trait in each treatment. Test results compare mean grain weight, number of grains per spike and grain yield indicate a trend similar to the distance from carminative are interactively with increasing distance from the windbreak to 5 times the height of all traits increase. So that significant differences between their control and this is evident from the values of these traits point to reach their maximum and then with increasing amounts of their distance decreases and amounts to 15 times the height of the traits seen carminative without significant difference. For the adjective percentage resting contrast crop plant performance has done so, these traits also influenced by distance are carminative. But the spike in m² and biological function are not affected of distance from the windbreak
Research Paper
Abolfasl Ranjbar; Mohammad Saadi Mesgari
Volume 16, Issue 42 , March 2013, Pages 155-171
Abstract
The population growth, industrial development, bio-climate changes and scarcity of land resources are the main reasons and causes of forest degradation in developing countries. To control and decrease forest degradation, the governments need to know where, when, how fast, and why (with what causes) such ...
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The population growth, industrial development, bio-climate changes and scarcity of land resources are the main reasons and causes of forest degradation in developing countries. To control and decrease forest degradation, the governments need to know where, when, how fast, and why (with what causes) such degradations happen. On the basis of such knowledge, a general and sustainable management of these resources will be possible.
The science and technologies of GIS and remote sensing could be a perfect tool for answering the above questions. Remote sensing can be the basis of fast and inexpensive data collection and the analytical capabilities of a GIS can be used for analyzing the types, location and rates of changes.
In this research, the Landsat TM and ETM+ images of years 1987 and 2001 are used for land use classification and analysis of changes at the forest area of Arasbaran in north-west of Iran. The classification is mainly aimed at the separation of forest from non-forest areas.
A few methods have been studied to calculate and show the occurred changes. These include methods that only describe the change areas (such as subtraction and division methods) and those that describe the area, amount and type of the changes (such as comparison after classification).
By classifying the forest and non-forest areas of years 1987 and 2001 and overlaying them, a map was extracted representing the stable forest area and deforested area. From the topographic data of the study area, some other raster maps were created showing elevation, slope, aspect and distance from population areas.
Information of these maps were entered into a statistical model (a logistic regression model) having the above-mentioned classified map as the dependent parameter and all other maps as the independent parameters. It was resulted that the parameters of distance from populated areas, elevation and aspect have a meaningful relation with the deforestation phenomenon. From such an analysis, the importance of each factor in the phenomenon was defined and the areas that are in higher risk of deforestation and need an urgent protection were defined.
Research Paper
Mohammadrahim Rahnema; Baratali Khakpour; Mojtaba Sadeghi
Volume 16, Issue 42 , March 2013, Pages 173-198
Abstract
This paper considers the distance between the present situation (present management of Mashhad) and optimum situation (urban strategic management) as a fundamental concern, and then conveys the theoretical basis related to strategy paradigm and strategic management. It, with the help of SWOT[1] model, ...
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This paper considers the distance between the present situation (present management of Mashhad) and optimum situation (urban strategic management) as a fundamental concern, and then conveys the theoretical basis related to strategy paradigm and strategic management. It, with the help of SWOT[1] model, identifies weakens, strengths, opportunities, and threats existed in metropolis Mashhad for strategic management of this city. It suggests suitable management for stable management in this city. Priority is one of topics is followed. The method of this paper is descriptive and analytical so that the required information (weakens, strengths, opportunities, and threats) is gathered by urban experts (21 experts) and citizens (384 citizens). In the process of analysis of strategic management of Mashhad metropolis, we used internal factor evaluation matrix (IFE)[2], External factor evaluation matrix (EFE)[3], Internal-External matrix (IE)[4] and Quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM)[5]. The findings show that the strategic management in Mashhad metropolis doesn't have a suitable place. If urban management wants to start its move toward an urban strategic management, it should prefer the strategies of defending group (Weakness& Threat (WT)[6] based on the decrease of weak points and the avoid of threats. They are as follows:
1- Solving problems and daily urban crises
2- Increase of synergy urban management
3- Keep the stability of urban systems instead of its evolution
[1]- S (Strength), W (Weakness), O (Opportunity), T (Threat).
[2]- Internal factor evaluation matrix.
[3]- External factor evaluation matrix.
[4]- Internal-External matrix.
[5]- Quantitative strategic planning matrix.
[6]- W (Weakness), T (Threat).
Research Paper
Saeadali Alavy; Moslem Aghayary; Taghy Heidary
Volume 16, Issue 42 , March 2013, Pages 199-221
Abstract
Housing sector has been the emergence of several problems that have frequently been imposed on other sectors of society, and caused the imbalance which has provided. One of the issues consistently raised in the housing sector and with non- regular sequence is repeated, Spiraling house prices have been ...
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Housing sector has been the emergence of several problems that have frequently been imposed on other sectors of society, and caused the imbalance which has provided. One of the issues consistently raised in the housing sector and with non- regular sequence is repeated, Spiraling house prices have been raising tide that has brought to their numerous problems. Several factors seem to increase housing prices and excessive wave formation and its role is increasing. The consultative research in this subject that has been done to the descriptive analysis. The use of descriptive studies and professor of library research required information is collected; the analytical part of the main factors determining the effects and consequences of the excessive increase in housing prices, Survey and statistical analysis was performed. Results from statistical analysis of survey data, The opinions of elites and experts were used for housing, Has shown that the components of social variables (Social) to explain the effect of social factors-cultural, with a correlation coefficient (0.84) the greatest impact on increasing housing prices in the study area is irregular. The physical variables-physical and administrative, respectively, with correlation coefficients (0.66 & 0.61) in the second semester has been. On the contrary, the component of economic variables (Economic) from the perspective of housing expert’s minimal impact on housing prices in metropolitan Tehran has been. Thus, despite these variables with correlation coefficient (0.45) is still dedicated to its role , the effect is not seen as a weak , irregular and increased housing prices , along with other factors have played.
Research Paper
Yosof Ghavidelrahimy
Volume 16, Issue 42 , March 2013, Pages 223-238
Abstract
The meteorological data indicate that secondary climatic features like hails, heavy showers, floods, and lightening are dominant climatic features in Tabriz during the thunderstorm occurrence. The above-mentioned climatic hazards are part of Tabriz climate characteristics and North West region. These ...
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The meteorological data indicate that secondary climatic features like hails, heavy showers, floods, and lightening are dominant climatic features in Tabriz during the thunderstorm occurrence. The above-mentioned climatic hazards are part of Tabriz climate characteristics and North West region. These hazards bring about a great deal of economic, social, and environmental damages, particularly for formers and animals farms.
The upper level atmospheric data available in the NationalCenter for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) have been used in this article for synoptic study of thunder rainstorm days of 24 and 25 April 2010 in Tabriz. The atmospheric conditions have been analyzed by calculations and the application of drawing methods for the thunder rainstorm occurrence period.
The results of the synoptic analysis showed that eddy and blocking have occurred at 500, 600 and 700 HP levels, along with severe convective instability at all levels of 1000 to 500 HP. Whereas positive and cyclonic vorticity in the atmospheric levels of 500, 600, 700 and 850 HP were affective factors in occurrence of thunder rainstorms during the days of 24 and 25 April 2010. Moisture advection maps showed that the moisture supply source of thunder rainstorms are on 1000 HP levels, while 925 and 850 HP levels of the Caspian Sea and on 700, 600 and 500 HP levels of the Mediterranean and Black seas have occurred during the days 24 and 25 April 2010 in Tabriz and North West of Iran.
Research Paper
Hossein Negaresh; Behrooz Sarisaraf; Mohammad Daraee
Volume 16, Issue 42 , March 2013, Pages 239-259
Abstract
In this study at first, we supposed the normality of the data by some statistical parametric methods and then using non-parametric (Mann-Kendall) test, the non-linear trend of basin precipitation changes from a period of 45 years (1961-2005) relating to the synoptic station of Saqqez have been investigated. ...
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In this study at first, we supposed the normality of the data by some statistical parametric methods and then using non-parametric (Mann-Kendall) test, the non-linear trend of basin precipitation changes from a period of 45 years (1961-2005) relating to the synoptic station of Saqqez have been investigated. The statistical test results were: 1-The decreasing trend of spring precipitation is significant. 2-There is a significant increasing in summer precipitation. 3-The numerously at precipitation days at the thresholds 1 to 20mm has been decreased, but it increased at the large thresholds to 25mm. 4-The frequency trend of rainstorms days has the significant increasing.
Research Paper
Volume 16, Issue 42 , March 2013, Pages 261-274
