Urban Planning
behzad malekpourasl; pariman boostani
Abstract
Introduction Urban areas as an important factor in enhancing energy consumption and CO2 emissions are the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions which are occurring in most cities all over the globe. (Herring, 2012), (Zubelzu & Fernandez, 2016). Cities consume 67 to 76 percent of energy and ...
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Introduction Urban areas as an important factor in enhancing energy consumption and CO2 emissions are the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions which are occurring in most cities all over the globe. (Herring, 2012), (Zubelzu & Fernandez, 2016). Cities consume 67 to 76 percent of energy and 71 to 76 percent of CO2, and this amount will increase significantly by 2050. (Van der Heijden, 2016), (Lehmann, 2014) 90 percent of urban population growth occurs in developing countries. Therefore, developing countries are more exposed to climate change. (Feliciano & Prosperi, 2011), (Colenbrander, 2015) Carbon footprint in cities depends specifically on factors such as living standards and income, socio-economic development, urban spatial structure and transportation systems, energy technology and local climate change factors. (Feliciano & Prosperi, 2011),(Huang and atel, 2016), ( Colenbrander, 2015)The collaborative process builds trust, new relationships, and interpersonal networks, and ultimately strengthens a higher degree of social, intellectual, and political capital among the actors who are being involved. The collaborative planning process creates new and more flexible institutions for the development of the low-carbon city (Agger & Löfgren, 2008). Considering the advantages of collaborative planning including promoting citizen participation, increasing transparency in the decision-making system and employing experts and specialists related to urban areas, this planning was considered by the researcher so that it could be used by the participation and cooperation of all stakeholders in the city in order to move toward integrated management.Tehran is one of the most polluted cities in the world. According to the annual reports of air quality in Tehran(Tehran Air Quality Control Company (AQCC)), it has been declared unhealthy for more than one third of the year during the last two decades. (Shahbazi and at el, 2019) In this research, we use the requirements of cooperative planning in Tehran due to achieve a low carbon city. Related to the political, financial, environmental and social situations of Tehran metropolis and its potentials to achieve a low carbon city, this city has been selected as a research case. Due to its political aspect, Tehran is the capital of Iran and all political and planning activities are carried out in it. As a result of this fact, this city always examines urban plans in the higher levels of the city, and in fact it is ruled by a top-down planning system. As a result, it has always paid less attention to participatory issues. From an environmental point of view, air pollution in Tehran, which is measured with a particle size of less than ten microns, is almost four times that of Los Angeles. It should be noted that some of these pollutions were due to tougher sanctions in 2010 due to Iran's inability to import higher quality additives used to produce car cleaning fuel. (Tahbaz, 2016) Data and Method In this research, at the first stage, after analysing the quantitative indicators of the research and evaluating them, the research uncertainties will be identified. For this purpose, Micmac software is used to identify uncertainties; on the second stage, with the help of the uncertainty-impact matrix, the critical uncertainties of the research are introduced. These critical uncertainties should be used in the process of low-carbon Tehran development. In the continuation of the research process, variables for these critical uncertainties are defined and entered in the Scenario Wizard software to obtain possible scenarios. With the help of the scenarios which will be obtained from the software, the scenario writing process begins. In order to achieve a better portray in Tehran in the long run, the DPSIR model will also be used. Results and Discussion The phenomena of global warming and climate change, on a scale beyond the city of Tehran, is in fact a matter of concern on a global scale. paying attention to these changes and controlling global temperature requires long-term and sustainable planning. As a result, segment and short-term measures cannot reduce the adverse effects of climate change alone. Since addressing climate change is a global issue, it requires holistic attitudes and cooperation with other global cities. Therefore, Tehran was chosen as the capital of Iran for this study. Because according to global statistics, Tehran is the sixth most polluted city in the world, and this highlights the importance to address the issue of low-carbon cities.ConclusionBy institutional and organizational cooperation as well as the real participation of citizens, it is possible to move towards advancing Tehran's low-carbon goals. It is hoped that by using the principles of participation and strategies to achieve a low-carbon city, Tehran could play a small role in controlling climate change and in fact reducing urban pollutants.Finally, by implementing the strategies which are mentioned in the article, we can move towards a low-carbon Tehran. In this regard, urban institutions should participate and cooperate with each other and citizens should play an active role in urban decision-making. In general, the following suggestions are made in various financial, social, environmental and physical sectors:In the financial sector, the growth of start-ups and microeconomic sectors with the support of the government and private organizationsIn the social sector, creating spaces in urban parks in order to gather people and present their opinions on urban day topics.In the environmental sector, allocating municipal budgets for the construction of solar panels in public organizations and requiring urban industries to plant various green species around factories and urban workshopsIn the physical part, the supervision of Tehran Municipality on preventing dispersal and development of urban disorderIt is hoped that by using this research, a step could be taken towards a low-carbon Tehran.
Climatology
Parichehr mesri alamdari; seyed Hassan rasouli
Abstract
Introduction
With the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in 1830 and the growing growth of human knowledge, various changes have taken place in human life and human needs for energy and consumption of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas have led to a sharp increase in materials such as ...
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Introduction
With the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in 1830 and the growing growth of human knowledge, various changes have taken place in human life and human needs for energy and consumption of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas have led to a sharp increase in materials such as Carbon dioxide has been released into the atmosphere. Increasing its population exacerbates this phenomenon. All of these changes have caused the weather to change. The phenomenon of climate change, which is mainly related to the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, is a clear example in this field. This phenomenon causes many current problems such as gradual warming of the climate, melting of ice, rising sea levels, torrential rains, increasing drought, acid rain and threats to human health. And wildlife species in different regions of the earth (Atabi et al., 2007: 146). The development of urbanization and migration of rural residents to cities to enjoy the benefits of civilization, especially in the second half of the twentieth century led to the overdevelopment of cities (Alijani et al., 2010: 541). The desirability and quality of urban areas make a difference in the value of land use. Knowledge of how urban temperature patterns are distributed allows planners to manage the construction of urban green space to adjust the temperature. Also, by studying the relationship between user patterns and the distribution of thermal patterns, it is possible to provide programs to change and relocate these uses to improve environmental conditions. Despite the year-on-year changes in the average temperature due to the natural variability of the climate, increasing trends in the average annual temperature are evident in most parts of Iran, including the city of Sari. These increasing trends are mainly due to the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (due to the burning of fossil fuels and changes in the surface characteristics of urban areas (Alizadeh Chobari et al., 2016: 571 and 572). In this regard, the city Sari is located in a dense area of activity and residential centers and with its various capabilities has been able to enjoy a special position in the province.This city due to its strategic location and suitable climate and location Tourism and unique agricultural capabilities are facing population growth and increased migration. Considering the challenges such as the increasing growth of the urban population, the uneven expansion of cities, the destruction of the environment, etc., which has reduced the quality of life and created heterogeneous uses in different urban areas; As a result, the climatic parameters of the region are also subject to change. In this regard, the effect of these changes on the city of Sari and solutions to deal with it have been studied.
Methodology
The present research is applied-developmental for the purpose and is descriptive-analytical according to the method of work. In this study, in order to measure the spatial distribution of population in the eleven districts of Sari, data under the Geographic Information System (GIS) has been used. In order to investigate the spatial distribution of population in each area of Sari, the Shannon relative entropy model has been used and to calculate the maximum thermal island intensity, the Oke numerical-theoretical equation has been used. Sari, the capital of Mazandaran province in northern Iran, is one of the largest and most populous cities in Mazandaran province and the north of the country, which is located at 53 degrees and 37 minutes east longitude and 34 degrees and 36 minutes north latitude. In terms of natural location, this city is located in the south of the Caspian Sea and in the plains of Sari city and only its southern and southwestern parts lead to mountains and low satellite hills. The height of the city from the sea level is 18.5 meters and the difference in its area to the coast of the Caspian Sea is 24 kilometers. The general slope of the city is from south to north and is very gentle (Sari Master Plan Studies, Mazand Tarh Consulting Engineers, 2015).
Results and Discussion
In the present study, the relationship between the spatial distribution of the population and the creation of thermal islands in the city of Sari has been investigated. After examining the spatial distribution of population and the intensity of changes in thermal islands, it is concluded that there is a relative relationship between the two indicators of spatial distribution of population and the intensity of changes in thermal islands in Sari. In region 2 of region 3 of Sari city, which had the lowest equilibrium in the spatial distribution of population, the intensity of changes in thermal islands was also low, and in areas where the spatial distribution of population was semi-balanced (region one of region one, regions 1 and 2 from region 2, and region 1 from region 3 of Sari city), the intensity of thermal island changes was low. Also, in the areas where the spatial distribution of the population was balanced (areas 2, 3 and 4 of area one, areas 3 and 4 of area 2 and area one of area 4), the intensity of thermal island changes was low and moderate.
The results indicate the fact that there is a direct relationship between net residential density and the intensity of changes in thermal islands in the city of Sari. As the net residential density increases, the intensity of changes in thermal islands in Sari city increases, and as the net residential density decreases, the intensity of thermal island changes decreases. Based on the findings of the survey of Sari city areas and analysis of the spatial distribution of population and the maximum intensity of thermal island changes, it is concluded that there is a relative relationship between these two indicators in Sari city areas. In the areas that had the lowest equilibrium in the spatial distribution of the population, more intensity changes were observed in the thermal islands and in the areas where the spatial distribution of the population was semi-balanced and balanced, the intensity of changes was less in the heat islands. On the other hand, according to the results of Spearman correlation coefficient, it can be said that the most important effective factor in the maximum intensity of thermal island changes, which is inversely related to this phenomenon, is the net residential density. Areas in Sari that have the highest intensity of thermal island changes
They also had the lowest net residential density. Therefore, it is necessary to apply appropriate policies such as revising and improving management in the way of population loading in various urban development plans and planning for the management and organization of urban structures in relation to the intensity of changes in thermal islands. Can be effective. It can also provide favorable grounds for guiding the development of population policies in various urban development plans to create a balance with sustainability in the city of Sari.
Urban Planning
rasoul ghorbani; shahrivar rostaei; sonya karami
Abstract
Introduction
Recognizing and examining the housing situation in a country depends on identifying and analyzing the factors affecting housing. To assess the housing situation, housing indicators that express the quantity and quality of different dimensions of housing can be studied. Indicators are tools ...
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Introduction
Recognizing and examining the housing situation in a country depends on identifying and analyzing the factors affecting housing. To assess the housing situation, housing indicators that express the quantity and quality of different dimensions of housing can be studied. Indicators are tools to measure the housing situation and its evolution, as well as assess the success rate and implementation of housing policies. Paying attention to the quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing is one of the most important issues in housing planning. Housing, as the most basic human need, has become very important in the life of urban communities, so that it has become one of the most effective components of measuring the quality and well-being of citizens.
Futures studies are now well over 50 years old. Discussants pointed out that the term ‘futurology’ was first introduced by Ossip Flechteim in his 1966 book History and Futurology. Eleonora Masini suggested that Flechteim himself did not have a great deal of confidence in the term, nor was he sure whether the said discipline was a ‘science’ or a ‘prescientific’ branch of knowledge. But he was certain that the new field ranged from ‘the destiny of man, the future of his society to the entire range of his future cultural activities. The strongest defense of ‘futurology’ was provided by Pentti Malaska. Malaska argued, describes ‘what futures knowledge is all about – not only epistemologically, i.e. how to acquire knowledge of the future with different techniques for this or that pragmatic purpose but especially ontologically, i.e. what the knowledge of the future may mean. Dator’s First Law of Futures states, ‘The future cannot be ‘‘predicted’’ but alternative futures can be ‘‘forecasted’’. Warren Wagar in his The Next Three Futures and in tracing the history of future studies consistently uses the term ‘futurism’. Futures studies are a mosaic of approaches, objectives, and methods, and many parts of it are in different stages of evolution.
Methodology
The present research is applied in terms of its purpose and is descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature. To collect data has been used of statistical yearbooks, censuses of different periods as well as completing a questionnaire from 40 experts in the field of housing. To analyze the data and determine the strategic indicators has been used of the method of structural/cross-impact analysis approach with MICMAC software and to determine the most probable scenarios has been used of Wizard scenario software.
Results and Discussion
In the last 40 years in the metropolis of Tabriz, housing has improved in all quantitative indicators except the average number of rooms in a residential unit. Reasons for the decrease in the number of rooms in a residential unit are the change in the architectural style of houses and the transformation of households from widespread to nuclear. Information on the infrastructure of residential units also shows that the infrastructure is moving towards standardization and the number of residential units with very low and very high infrastructure has been decreasing. Regarding the quality of housing, all indicators indicate an improvement of trend in the last 40 years, and the only indicator of the housing ownership, despite the increase in the number of owner-occupied households, shows a decrease in the percentage of owners and an increase in the percentage of tenants. Also among the 16 indicators affecting the quantitative and qualitative status of housing in the metropolis of Tabriz, 5 indicators of the average infrastructure of the residential unit, housing with a lifespan of fewer than 30 years, household density in the residential unit, person density in the residential unit and the average room in the residential unit known as strategic and key variables in the future state of housing and two scenarios were identified as the most likely scenarios in the housing sector in the metropolis of Tabriz. In the first scenario, we will see a decrease in the infrastructure of housing units, a decrease in household density and individual density in a housing unit, and a decrease in the average number of rooms per housing, and an increase in units with a lifespan of fewer than 30 years. In the second scenario, we will see the stability of the infrastructure of housing units, the stability of household density and individual density in the housing unit, and the stability average of rooms in housing, and continue to increase housing with a lifespan of fewer than 30 years.
Conclusion
The results of the present study show that all quantitative indicators of the housing situation in Tabriz have been improved in the last 40 years and only a slight downward trend is observed in the average room index in each residential unit. We also see acceptable growth in housing quality indicators. Although the research results indicate an improving trend in housing quality and quantity indicators in the Tabriz metropolis, there is still a long way to reach the ideal housing conditions. Therefore, to achieve a better quantitative and qualitative status of housing in Tabriz metropolis, conduct comprehensive housing plan studies, employ housing specialists and professors to plan and policy in the field of housing, identify diverse population groups and consider all population groups, age and income and construction of housing in accordance with the needs of each group, using the experiences and studies of successful countries in the field of housing and their adaptation to demographic, cultural and economic conditions of the geographical area and more emphasis on effective housing indicators along with other indicators in housing planning and construction is suggested.
Urban Planning
parisa sherafati; Sahand Lotfi; Mahsa Sholeh
Abstract
This article proposes ‘urban acupuncture’ as an emerging concept in the Iranian urban planning literature. It has endeavored to explain urban acupuncture and the learned lessons learned in the urban spatial analysis process. According to the model, the best way to provide structural and infrastructural ...
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This article proposes ‘urban acupuncture’ as an emerging concept in the Iranian urban planning literature. It has endeavored to explain urban acupuncture and the learned lessons learned in the urban spatial analysis process. According to the model, the best way to provide structural and infrastructural development is to employ the existing potentials of the city within a network arrangement, valuing soft approaches, like urban acupuncture, to be able to recognize thousands of diverse points in the city for small-scale but effective interventions in the form of a coherent network. Urban acupuncture as a tool with a holistic and networked view of the city identifies the abandoned points. It reintegrates them as new intervention spots into the life cycle of urban green spaces to achieve the sought urban structure. Using the "urban acupuncture" approach with a deductive-analytical methodology from a network perspective in the historical center of Shiraz, this study tries to introduce the existing potential pattern of the abandoned points in the course of moving towards urban ecological sustainability. Thus, it can achieve procedural unity by development based on existing urban environment potentials. Finally, by applying the concept of urban acupuncture, the research tries to compare the urban green network and explain the necessity of this approach by orienting the urban redevelopment to rediscovering a wide range of repressed yet developable parcels within cities as an analogical framework. As such, this process could provide opportunities for designers to intervene in the neural network through the acupuncture approach by remodeling the ecological network and structural development of green spaces to improve urban environments.
Urban Planning
farhad sheidaei; Abbas Heydari
Abstract
IntroductionGeo-marketing is a tool that uses geographic, or location-based, information to help companies put together marketing strategies and campaigns. Using digital mapping to organize and display data enables marketers to analyze data by region or a particular physical location. Geo-marketing can ...
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IntroductionGeo-marketing is a tool that uses geographic, or location-based, information to help companies put together marketing strategies and campaigns. Using digital mapping to organize and display data enables marketers to analyze data by region or a particular physical location. Geo-marketing can be used to choose a website for a new business or branch, determining key locations for advertising, displaying website content that is distinct to a user’s origin, and offering online advertising based on a user’s location. Other applications include showing how a customer segment might be distributed in particular. Geo-marketing is a new way of knowledge-based marketing, which is supported by digital maps and specialized GIS software. Knowledge-based marketing use packaged information such as marketing information systems, such as model building, data mining, etc., to determine customer profiles, deviation analysis, and trend analysis. Location Intelligence is a technical way to organize spatial data with business and human data in a geographically correct way in order to reveal hidden relationships that may lead to benefitting a business and/or avoiding spatially wrong located investments. Digital urban environments and e-cities in the rapidly evolving world have created many opportunities for people's living, working and entertaining environments. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide a model based on e-city management for the development of e-cities with the data theory approach which was particularly applied for Tabriz city as a case study. This research was in the framework of a qualitative approach and by applying the data research method of the foundation. The data collection approach was semi-structured interviews and 28 experts were selected using purposive sampling method to collect information. Data analysis was performed in three stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding in GIS environment. Based on that, a qualitative research model was applied. MethodsThe research methodology was developed based on the GIScience approaches. This technology is the spearhead of geospatial research in a) the connection between technology and thinking, b) training and, c) professional upgrade. All of the above tools are essential for the improvement of a business because they are real time data, they can collect, visualize and analyze their client’s assets in real-time in combination with the real world of a satellite image or any other aerial imagery (i.e. image from a drone) and the process of the data in real-time. This allows an almost instant updating of the maps used by the business. This can be done when the business uses web mapping software in order to update its database. All web mapping software is on the cloud and gives the opportunity to be used from any place any time by any employee of the company who has the right to do so. Also, the database is on the cloud and can be retrieved accordingly. Results and conclusionThe results of the present study show the identification of 367 open sources, 22 subcategories or concepts, and 6 categories of extraction and their characteristics. In this regard, the extractive categories were categorized as follows: Causal conditions: lifestyle change, smart governance (participation), reduction of environmental damage and the development of new technology and social networks, pivotal conditions: individual and social requirements, achieving sustainable economic development and information technology, ruling context: Infrastructure platforms, electronic infrastructure, financial and legal indicators of the country and the status of communication networks, intervention conditions: managerial, educational and cultural anomalies, strategies: upgrading infrastructure, using the experiences of other countries and localizing them, establishment Electronic unit window, using IT managers, culture and education, consequences: improving the quality of services and welfare and satisfaction of citizens, comprehensive development of the country and reducing pollution, traffic and environmental damage. The results of the present study are of great importance in the development of concrete electronic city management on data processing techniques and can pave the way for future research for the implementation of electronic cities. Results also indicated that the Janbo store is well located spatially and has a chance to build up a successful business. Results of this research are of great importance for developing a GIS by bridging GIS and marketing and presenting a new approach for GIScience.
All other Geographic fields of studies , Interdisciplinary
afshin montazer alghaem; Mehri Azani; ahmad khademolhoseiny; amir gandomkar
Abstract
IntroductionSocial resilience plays an important role in social sustainability and solidarity in the face of urban crises. In this regard, the present study tried to use a "descriptive-analytical" method through a questionnaire of 383 people to make a comparative analysis of the quality of social resilience ...
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IntroductionSocial resilience plays an important role in social sustainability and solidarity in the face of urban crises. In this regard, the present study tried to use a "descriptive-analytical" method through a questionnaire of 383 people to make a comparative analysis of the quality of social resilience components in the twenty-first and twenty-first districts of Tehran. Citizens' opinions were collected according to Cochran's formula by sampling and relative allocation based on population size. The results showed that the quality of realization and enjoyment of social resilience components in the three study areas was different based on multivariate analysis of variance 1, and the results showed that the public trust index in region one as one of the most prosperous areas of Tehran. And informal participation index in the twelfth region as one of the middle-class regions and the index of the sense of spatial belonging in the twentieth region as one of the low-income regions had more priority, but in analyzing the priority of resilience components in the three regions Fuzzy TOPSIS 2 model and in all three regions, the knowledge index with (zone one with 0.555 fuzzy weight) (zone twelve with 0.576 fuzzy weight) and (zone twenty with 0.6451 fuzzy weight) had the greatest impact, respectively. Has accepted. As a result, it was found that the strategy to promote social resilience in the metropolis of Tehran should be in line with increasing the level of awareness and citizenship skills in all three areas of Tehran. Increase citizens in intra-group and social organizations. Also, improving the sense of spatial belonging and social identity in low-income urban areas should be a priority, in order to achieve a homogeneous and sustainable social resilience in the metropolis of Tehran. Data and Method The present study has been carried out with applied purpose and descriptive-analytical methodology with the aim of comparative analysis of quality assessment of the realization of social resilience components in three areas 1, 12 and 20 of Tehran metropolis. To collect descriptive or theoretical information, content reading of basic scientific text documents (valid articles and books) was used and to collect analytical data, a survey method with a questionnaire was used. According to the main questions posed for the present study to answer and assess the differences in understanding and having social resilience indicators in selected areas of multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and to answer how planning priorities to achieve the indicators Social resilience has been used in selected areas of Tehran metropolis Fuzzy TOPSIS model (FTOPSIS).Results and DiscussionThe results showed that the quality of realization and enjoyment of social resilience components in the three regions was different based on multivariate analysis of variance. The informal participation index in District 12 as one of the middle-class areas and the Index of Spatiality in District 20 as one of the lower areas had higher priority.In the analysis of the priority of resilience components in the three mentioned areas based on the fuzzy TOPSIS model and in all three areas of Tehran metropolis, it was found that the awareness index has received the most impact. Therefore, it is suggested that urban planners pay attention to the role of awareness in cultural development and increase citizenship literacy and associate cultural, media and educational institutions with urban development programs. Social skills, increasing awareness of risk reduction, and citizenship lifestyle issues enhanced the cultural development of cities, as well as the level of social resilience of all urban areas.ConclusionIn the present study, an attempt was made to study rich, relatively rich and low-income areas in the metropolis of Tehran by stratified sampling in terms of differences in having social resilience indicators and their priorities for realization in these areas. . Therefore, region1 was selected and studied as one of the prosperous regions, region 12 as one of the middle regions and region 20 as one of the socially inferior regions in Kalashahr, Tehran. The results showed that the quality of realization and enjoyment of social resilience components in the three regions was different based on multivariate analysis of variance. The informal participation index in District 12 as one of the middle-class areas and the Index of Spatiality in District 20 as one of the lower areas had higher priority, so it can be concluded that more urban culture development programs have the trust of low-income citizens. It has authority and the citizens of the middle and affluent classes in Tehran have less public trust in the goals of cultural and urban planning and their implementation by city and government managers. Also, the institutional trust of citizens in cultural and urban organizations and institutions is low. We see between cultural planning in the cities and strata of the middle and affluent class of Tehran, so attracting the trust of the middle and affluent classes of Tehran is one of the most important proposed strategies. And it is the duty of cultural creators and media managers to help city managers in increasing the public trust and institutional trust of the citizens of Tehran. Also, the level of citizen participation in urban development and management programs, especially in medium-sized urban areas such as District 12 is low, and the urban management system and structure of Tehran should be improved in favor of increasing formal and informal citizen participation and urban management models based on It is based on the participation of citizens, such as the model of urban governance in the metropolis of Tehran to be comprehensively developed and implemented. In the index of sense of spatial belonging, the feeling of satisfaction of the residents of region 1 is more than the 12th and 20th regions of Tehran, and the inhabitants of region 20 have less sense of spatial belonging, and this shows that Tehran And to create the citizenship relations of the residents between the middle, relatively rich and low-income classes of the city in a desirable way, and this causes a biological rift in the metropolis of Tehran, so paying attention to strengthening the sense of spatial belonging is also one of the strategies.However, in the analysis of the priority of resilience components in the three mentioned areas based on the fuzzy TOPSIS model and in all three areas of Tehran metropolis, it was found that the awareness index has received the most impact. Therefore, it is suggested that urban planners pay attention to the role of awareness in cultural development and increase citizenship literacy and associate cultural, media and educational institutions with urban development programs. Social skills, increasing awareness of risk reduction, and citizenship lifestyle issues enhanced the cultural development of cities, as well as the level of social resilience of all urban areas.Researchers and researchers in future studies can study the role and characteristics of resilience in achieving a sustainable urban ecosystem, especially in cities vulnerable to climate change. In the organizational dimension, media resilience and its relationship with cities can be a manifestation of future hypotheses for applied research.
Climatology
Seyed Hossein Mirmousavi; Zahara Taran
Abstract
Introduction
Dust is one of the most common climatic phenomena in arid and semi-arid regions of the world The phenomenon of dust is a natural occurrence and occurs in areas with vast areas of arid and desert areas, Lack vegetation and other surface coatings. Due to its presence in the arid and semi-arid ...
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Introduction
Dust is one of the most common climatic phenomena in arid and semi-arid regions of the world The phenomenon of dust is a natural occurrence and occurs in areas with vast areas of arid and desert areas, Lack vegetation and other surface coatings. Due to its presence in the arid and semi-arid belt of the world, Iran is constantly exposed to local and synoptic dust and dust systems. In recent years, the phenomenon of dust in the Middle East has been increasing, Because it is one of the five regions of the world that has the highest dust production . Long periods of drought and inappropriate interventions in nature can increase the likelihood of this phenomenon.
In recent years, the trend of dust events in the west and south of Iran, especially in the spring and summer, has increased dramatically .This phenomenon is affected by certain atmospheric conditions and its distribution can affect the temperature, temperature, precipitation and atmospheric circulation conditions of the area during the months of the year.
Materials and methods
In this study, data of 56 years old (during 1961-2016) precipitation, temperature and dust on daily scale from 30 synoptic stations in the west and southwest of Iran were obtained from the country's meteorological organization. In line with this study, MATLAB, ArcGIS and SURFER softwares have been used. In order to analyze the information, recognition of fluctuations and the relationship between dust, temperature and precipitation have been used.
Results and discussion
Recognition of fluctuations and the relationship between dust, temperature and precipitation are investigated using regression, spectral analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient. Then it is represented by trend maps, cycles, and correlation tables. The results for the West and Southwest of Iran have been obtained and explained in detail.
Conclusion
The study of the spatial distribution of the trend shows that most of the stations studied in the dust and rainfall have an increasing trend and have been in a decreasing trend temperature. Spectral analysis of dust, dry days, and temperature showed that short-cycle cycles in addition to the most frequent distribution, showed a higher probability of occurrence than long-term periods. In most of the stations studied, the correlation of dust with temperature and dry days has a positive and direct, relationship with the rainfall has a negative and inverse relationship. The local mororan analysis for the spatial autocorrelation of dust with dry days in the western, northwest, northern and parts of the east of the study area has shown a high value cluster pattern (positive spatial autocorrelation). The spatial autocorrelation of dust with precipitation in the northeastern, eastern, and small parts of the southeast and west of the study area has a high cluster pattern (positive spatial autocorrelation). The spatial autocorrelation of dust with temperature in the eastern, western, and small parts of the south of the range has a high cluster pattern (positive spatial autocorrelation).
Urban Planning
pezhman mohamadi
Abstract
Introduction
Quality of life, as a concept, is an indicator of a person's level of satisfaction with life, in other words, a criterion for determining satisfaction and dissatisfaction of individuals and groups with different aspects of life. Quality of urban life is one of the most important areas ...
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Introduction
Quality of life, as a concept, is an indicator of a person's level of satisfaction with life, in other words, a criterion for determining satisfaction and dissatisfaction of individuals and groups with different aspects of life. Quality of urban life is one of the most important areas of urban studies in different countries. In general, according to field research, and information obtained from the municipality, and relevant authorities, and comparison with the introduced standards, by credible sources, the quality of life in the neighborhoods of Shahrekord is low for various reasons. Comprehensive studies are needed in all specialties to serve urban managers and planners for urban development planning. Examining the quality of life in Shahrekord, causes the shortcomings and weaknesses of this city to be realized in this regard, and appropriate plans should be made based on them. Shahrekord, as one of the middle cities of the country, has witnessed a large migration of surrounding towns and villages in recent years and this has caused the quality of life to be somewhat in crisis due to marginalization and the presence and occurrence of people with different cultures. This makes it necessary to examine the quality of urban life in this city. This study aims to investigate and evaluate the quality of urban life in Shahrekord.
Data and Method
The method of this research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of methodology, at the same time, with the exploratory approach (causal) and survey technique, it is based on descriptive-analytical nature. The statistical population of this study, including all citizens of Shahrekord, in 2016, is 190441 people. The sample size, according to the Morgan table, is 383 people. The questionnaire has two dimensions of urban quality of life, with three sub-categories (social, economic, and physical), with 32 questions, and the Citizens' Satisfaction Questionnaire with 13 questions, the validity of which is formal, which has been approved by experts. The construct validity, which was confirmed by factor analysis, and its reliability, based on Cronbach's alpha, was confirmed to be 0.83. To analyze the data, statistical methods of one-sample T-test were used with SPSS software, and structural equation analysis based on Smart PLS software was used.
Results and Discussion
The quality of the urban environment is a measure of the quality of the living environment, which is the least desirable for urban life, and one of the factors influencing it is the amount and manner of social services, hierarchy in major urban applications and services, social security in urban spaces, access to urban spaces, location of uses, and the main spaces of the city, urban environment, performance of different parts of the city, ongoing activities in the urban environment, attention to the identity and culture of natives, etc. An important reason for such attention to the (concept) of quality, considering urban planning and design, simultaneously and interactively, is one of the solutions that can achieve the improvement of functional quality in urban spaces. The quality of urban life is usually measured by the mental characteristics of the survey, and assessing the citizens' perceptions and satisfaction of urban life, or by the objective characteristics of secondary data, and rarely by both types of characteristics. Therefore, concern about the quality of modern life is a feature of contemporary society, which can be a function of the quality of the environment. Also, degradation in the quality of the urban environment can be the result of some economic activities.
Conclusion
The results of this study reveal that the results of T-test analyzes show that the citizens of this area, in economic dimensions, which include the indicators of job opportunities, educational facilities, recreational facilities, and health facilities, are in above-average conditions. And from these indicators, the quality of urban life is in an acceptable position. Also, social indicators that include a sense of personal security, satisfaction with life's successes, relationships with neighbors, and satisfaction with a sense of belonging, according to the results obtained, are below the average of quality of life, and physical characteristics, which include satisfaction with aggregation. And waste disposal, green space, and parks, water quality, street condition, public transportation, the traffic situation in city affairs are lower than the average. In general, development planning in Shahrekord should be targeted and tailored to local resources and people's objective and mental needs, to help improve the quality of life of the city's residents. Also, it is necessary to improve the quality of life, as the main goal of urban and regional development projects. The level of citizens' satisfaction with the quality of their living environment is not at the desired physical level. Also, the results obtained from structural equations indicate that research relationships of the social index on citizen satisfaction, with path coefficient 0.19 and T=2.25, economic index on citizen satisfaction, with path coefficient 0.27 and T=2.74, physical index on citizen satisfaction, with a path factor of 0.61 and a value of T=3.85, are validated.
Geotourism
Masoomeh Mahdian Bahnamiry; M. Taghvaei
Abstract
Introduction Today, due to the historical processes, interests, education and needs of society, the fields of tourism have also changed. The fact is that many countries in their new tourism planning, creativity has become a strategy in the construction of places, so it is important knowing the importance ...
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Introduction Today, due to the historical processes, interests, education and needs of society, the fields of tourism have also changed. The fact is that many countries in their new tourism planning, creativity has become a strategy in the construction of places, so it is important knowing the importance of the fact that development based on creativity and creative tourism, various negative factors of tourism development Reduces, as the creative living industry has received a lot of attention in these countries. In the category of creative tourism, creative tourism development strategies must be sensitive to the issue of local capacities. Because the mental image of the residents of that place is important for understanding the goals and behavioral attitudes and supporting the development of tourism. Despite the growth of tourism in the world and the slow and slow growth of tourism in Iran, tourism in Golestan province has not yet reached its true position due to the existing potential and actual capabilities. Although Golestan province is considered as the "tourist bottleneck" of the east of the country based on its geographical location and is a gateway to incoming tourists from the eastern provinces of the country, but so far has only played a "crossing" role and has not benefited from such a geographical location in the "geopolitics of domestic tourism", in this regard, the present article explains and analyzes the spatial distribution of creative tourism pragmatists in tourism areas of the townships of Golestan province.Data and Method The aim of this study was development research in terms of descriptive-analytical nature and based on survey and field method. The method of collecting the required data was based on library, documentary and field survey methods by referring to the relevant organizations. 27 sub-indexes (in the form of 232 variables) were used to evaluate the spatial distribution of creative tourism operators and practitioners of creative tourism, which has four dimensions of creative environment, creative process, creative product and creative class. In order to compare the studied cities in terms of spatial distribution status of creative tourism operators, first the weight and importance of all dimensions and sub-indices were obtained through a critical model. Then, 14 sample townships were compared with each other and ranked using EDAS multi-criteria decision making method based on the status of creative tourism operators. Results and Discussion Despite some attention and positive results of the conceptual and operational development of creative tourism in the country, so far, due to the rich local capacities in all areas of music, food, local games, dance, singing and local rituals, there is still a great distance to the realization of creative tourism aspirations in the country, Meanwhile Golestan province is no exception to this rule due to its abundant talents and capabilities. The objective and tangible result of these facts can be easily seen in the product of this study;The result of evaluating the four dimensions of creative environment, creative process, creative industries (product) and creative class in the spatial distribution of creative tourism creative operators in Golestan province, where there are many potential capacities for the development of creative tourism, whose analytical output shows in the townships of the province, in terms of environment, out of 14 townships in the province, 7 townships are in a completely unfavorable situation. However Maraveh Tappeh township with the highest percentage of rural population (85.8%) has been identified as a natural habitat for car trees and rare medicinal plants.It is obvious that the study and planning of the development and consolidation of this one case (medicinal plants), itself will have a dramatic effect on economic development in the first step and the development of creative tourism in the region.The results of this study show that Gomishan township with two golf courses and an international wetland as well as the only township with marine handicraft production are among these townships.Certainly, in the production of these industries, what is important is the creativity of the individual to prepare and produce the most beautiful products with these objects and her imagination.In the creative process dimension, Azadshahr, Ramyan and Aliabad have been more successful than other townships by holding workshops, art and cultural training classes, and various festivals, and have been in a completely favorable position in terms of this dimension. n the creative class dimension, the situation is far more favorable than other dimensions of creative tourism practitioners, so that Turkmen, Kordkoy, Kalaleh and Minoodasht have a better situation in terms of creative class than other dimensions of creativity. This situation is partly due to the optimal use of industries and creative products in these areas, while other cities have not been able to take full advantage of the potential in the region. As it is evident in the findings, Gorgan township is in a very favorable situation in other cases except for one case (creative process). It is obvious that such a situation is due to the concentration of attention on the first city and the center of the province so that geographical inequality in the urban and service system of the province, disproportionate distribution of population, infrastructure facilities and activities and the tendency to polarization are among the management factors involved in these regional imbalances. ConclusionIn summary, the results of this study show that creative tourism operators in the townships of Golestan province are not in a good position. In explaining this issue, according to the objective studies conducted from the results of studies, observations and interviews, the spatial distribution of the dimensions of creative tourism operators in the five townships of Maraveh Tappeh, Gomishan, Galikesh, Kordkoy and BandarGaz, has completely unfavorable conditions, while six townships of Minoodasht, Azadshahr, Aq Qala, Turkmen, Kalaleh and Ramyan have relatively unfavorable conditions in terms of having the dimensions of creative tourism operators. However, only Aliabad and Gonbad townships are in a state of moderate desirability, and ultimately Gorgan is the capital of the province, which is in a very favorable situation in terms of having the dimensions of creative tourism operators. The results of this study show that this province, despite the potential capacities for the development of creative tourism, is still far from the ideals of this important issue in line with the existing conditions of developed societies, which is the main concern of this paper, recognition, attention, recommendation, planning and development of this important issue as one of the most important channels of sustainable economy in the world.
Geotourism
Davood Omarzadeh; Samereh Pourmoradian; Khalil Valizadeh Kamran; Bakhtiar Feyzizadeh; Hoda Khalagehi
Abstract
We amid to identify and introduce nature-based tourism and its potentiality in West Azerbaijan province. The study area is famous for its environmental and natural landscapes which accordingly implies significant potentials for developing sustainable ecotourism which accordingly leads to improve the ...
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We amid to identify and introduce nature-based tourism and its potentiality in West Azerbaijan province. The study area is famous for its environmental and natural landscapes which accordingly implies significant potentials for developing sustainable ecotourism which accordingly leads to improve the economic situation of this province as well. Within this research we applied GIS spatial decision support systems (SDSS) for data analysis and modelling the sustainable ecotourism in west Azerbaijan province. For this goal, 28 relevant criteria from different resources (e.g. physical properties, infrastructure, and facilities) were identified and processed using GIS-SDSS. GIS data aggregation method was applied to develop a final susceptibility map. Results indicated that about 57% of the study area represent a sustainability degree of moderate to significant for ecotourism development. The rest of 43 % basically locates in urban area, deserts resulted by Urmia lake drought which are not indicating a significance potential for ecotourism development. It has also to be highlighted in context of the 57 % there are also different level of sustainability in each area but results shows that ecotourism can be considered as one the main economic development in the study area. We conclude that, the obtained results are very important and critical for identifying nature-based tourism potential assessment. The results of this study provided valuable information for improving the situation as well organizing the sustainable ecotourism in the study area. Results are also great of important for decision makers and planners in light of developing a sustainable natural tourism.
GIS&RS
mojtaba poorrahimi; Meysam Argany
Abstract
One of the most important consequences of the rapid growth of urbanization and the physical development of the country's cities in the past decades is the breakdown of the distribution system of urban service centers, which has become the basis for social inequality of citizens and the level of enjoyment ...
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One of the most important consequences of the rapid growth of urbanization and the physical development of the country's cities in the past decades is the breakdown of the distribution system of urban service centers, which has become the basis for social inequality of citizens and the level of enjoyment of urban services. In the meantime, medical services are of particular importance, so that the weakness and inefficiency of the management in the matter of providing optimal services in this field will have extensive negative consequences. In this research, we investigated the access of the population to the hospital as an integral part of a social organization that is responsible for providing complete health care including treatment and prevention measures in the population as an important measure in the health of the city in smartness. we paid In the current research, using the 2-step method of the floating basin, using network analysis and pre-processing of population blocks, to prevent the inflation of supply and demand, we have created the access limits of the population to the hospital. The results show that according to the growth of the urban population and the direction of these changes in each studied urban area, the population's access to the hospital is poor and limited population blocks have appropriate access, inappropriate distribution and dispersion in the location of hospitals and lack of planning regarding Increasing the approved beds and activating the beds are the things that cause the lack of easy and quick access to these services for the population of southern areas of Tehran.
Rural Planning
Samira Mahmoudi; Seyedeh Fatemeh Emami
Abstract
Introduction
Global goals such as the sustainable development of the United Nations as well as the requirements and commitments of the private sector such as supply chains sustainably manner cause growing demand for sustainable investment opportunities in the food and agriculture sectors. Thus, the ...
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Introduction
Global goals such as the sustainable development of the United Nations as well as the requirements and commitments of the private sector such as supply chains sustainably manner cause growing demand for sustainable investment opportunities in the food and agriculture sectors. Thus, the expansion of investment in agriculture and related industries in the form of public and private investment can create more job opportunities in rural areas and thus prevent the migration of villagers to cities and increase the growth rate of the agricultural sector. However, in such conditions, due to uncertainty, the ability to assess the real risk (as opposed to perceived risk) and the availability of risk reduction tools are the main elements of investment decisions, regardless of the type of investor or even the provision of financial resources. In this framework, the concept of "investment readiness" has emerged as a tool to guide policies and programs aimed at reducing barriers to investment in small and medium-sized businesses.
Based on research, social capital, including social networks and norms, values and attitudes distributed in such networks, have shown a positive effect on economic growth, financial development, joint investments, trade and entrepreneurship. With a reduction in natural resources for local and regional development and the tendency to converge in human capital, social capital has become increasingly important for economic growth. Social capital leads to risky economic decisions by increasing the sense of power in people. In other words, social capital can moderate risk tolerance in people related to local community, since it provides a way to provide individual risks. For example, Bloch et al. (2008) stated that social capital provides an informal insurance mechanism that can increase risk-taking in economic investors. Also, in some studies, scientists have considered social capital as a valuable resource that expands access to various other sources, including financial resources, market information, and customers.
Data and Method
The present study was applied in terms of method and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. The data collection method in the present study was a combination of library and survey methods (direct observation and questionnaire). The statistical population of the study included owners of rice-threshing factories located in rural areas of Someh Sara city. There are 55 rice-threshing factories in the study area, and a questionnaire was completed for all the people in the area. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for internal consistency and reliability of the questionnaire. For this purpose, 20 questionnaires were completed in the pre-test stage and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.751 was obtained, indicating a good level of reliability of the questionnaire.
Results and Discussion
The results revealed that the mean score of the observed sense of security is 3.1 with a standard deviation of 0.3, which is significantly different from the standard score (3). From the investors' point of view, the most sense of security was in the area of supportive security with a mean of 3.26, followed by economic, political, geographical and legal security, respectively. The results of Pearson correlation showed a direct and positive relationship between social capital and geographical security, supportive security, political security and social security and a negative relationship between social capital and sense of legal security. In addition, investigating the relationship between investment security and social capital indicators showed a significant direct and positive relationship between investment security and social capital indicators (other than social participation). Moreover, based on the results of regression analysis and the coefficient of determination (0.799), independent variables explained about 80% of sense of investment security in the sample population. Thus, for systematically explaining of the effect of social capital indicators on investors' sense of security and achieve a comprehensive model, the multivariate technique of path analysis was used and the direct and indirect effects of the desired variables were examined in a model.
According to the research results, indicators of legal security, political security, geographical security, social security in relation to the variable of investment security as well as indicators of institutional performance and institutional trust and interpersonal and generalized trust and social participation in relation to the social capital variable were among the factors affecting the sense of investment security. In this regard, the direct factors affecting the sense of security of rural investors include legal security, political security, geographical security, social security, institutional performance and trust, respectively. Factors that indirectly affect the sense of security of investors also include social networks (through indicators of economic security and social security), social solidarity (through indicators of supportive security, social security, legal security, political security and geographical security), social participation (through institutional performance indicators and social security), and legal security (through indicators of geographical security, political security, supportive security, social security and institutional performance).
Conclusion
Although in some cases, business enterprises make risky investments with the hope of achieving high returns, investment is a process that is not compatible with risk. In such conditions, governments can play a major role. In fact, development-oriented governments are obliged to review and reform the rules and regulations, reduce bureaucracies, increase the transparency of licensing, and pave the way for economic activities and investment, especially in vulnerable and deprived rural areas, since institutional performance, institutional trust and social networks were identified as the most effective indicators of social capital in the sense of security of rural investors. As observed, Someh Sara has a great capacity in the area of fish farming (ranked second in terms of fish production in the province) and a great variety of crops (rice, beans, watermelon, peanuts, beans, garlic) and garden products (strawberries, apples, pomegranates, peaches, nectarines and pears). However, it does not have much variety in conversion and complementary industries, and even no investment has been made in some products such as fish processing, peanuts and strawberries. Nothing special has happened. However, if safe conditions are provided for investment by relying on social capital indicators, the special capabilities of the city in the area of sustainable rural and even regional development can be used.
Geotourism
Hamid Nazari sarmazeh; Skandar Seidaiy
Abstract
Introduction
The tourism industry, as one of the strategies for rural development, has many capabilities for innovation and entrepreneurship; on the other hand, the development of entrepreneurship in low-income communities is an acceptable strategy to fight against poverty. This enterprise is due to ...
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Introduction
The tourism industry, as one of the strategies for rural development, has many capabilities for innovation and entrepreneurship; on the other hand, the development of entrepreneurship in low-income communities is an acceptable strategy to fight against poverty. This enterprise is due to various factors and the whole process cannot be considered without respecting the factors affecting it. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the factors affecting tourism entrepreneurship and how they interact with each other to develop a roadmap and tourism policy.
Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province is recognized as one of the main natural tourism centers of Iran. Understanding the factors affecting entrepreneurship in the tourism industry is important for two reasons in this province and the county of Koohrang: First, the province is now one of the main destinations for rural tourism and tourism, and the lack of a decent policy about tourism entrepreneurship has led to the huge potential of tourism to be used in the development of employment in a small way. On the other hand, one of the most important strategies in the development perspective of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province has been developed based on the tourism industry. Knowing the factors that affect entrepreneurship and considering all its aspects, can provide a desirable platform for the development of the tourism industry and the formulation of micro and macro policies. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer these questions: What are the fundamental factors in the development of tourism entrepreneurship? And which forms of combining these factors can have a greater impact on the development of tourism entrepreneurship?
Methodology
This study was of an applied type, nature and method were descriptive-survey. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing 5 components and it's content and face validity were approved by experts and its reliability was determined: the socio-cultural index: 0.75, economic: 0.84, environmental: 0.68, infrastructure: 0.71, and for tourism entrepreneurship: 0.77 by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The fs/QCA fuzzy set comparative analysis was used for the analysis. The population of the study is Koohrang county residents over 20 years. By using Sample power SPSS software, 254 cases were selected according to the purpose of the study and case study were selected by stratified random sampling.
Results
According to the results of the study, 88% were men and 12% were women. Their average age was 38 years; in terms of education, the highest number of people had diplomas with 33.2 and about 24.3% of the studied sample had a university education. Employment status: The highest number of jobs were in agriculture and herdsman with 35.2% and about 28.1% were unemployed. Condition and result in the analysis were conducted by using qualitative comparative analysis of fuzzy set and the analysis steps were applied as follows: After calibrating and standardizing the data, the analysis was continued by using the truth table algorithm, classification of conditions and finally X, Y To terminate the schematic, the effect of the sum of the conditions on the desired result in fs / QCA software was terminated.
Conclusion
The results showed that different causal paths and different educational indicators influenced the development of rural tourism entrepreneurship, but the type and extent of their effects are different. Among the proposed conditions, the infrastructural conditions have the most support and accompaniment with the development of tourism entrepreneurship. The findings of the study on the development of the county development landscape, especially the issue of entrepreneurship and tourism entrepreneurship are important. Understanding the various influencing factors will help to make the right planning and policy for the development of tourism entrepreneurship. On the other hand, considering that tourism is a community and people-oriented trade, policy-making, in order to prepare the necessary socio-cultural, economic, infrastructural and environmental contexts, can provide a clear perspective for tourism entrepreneurship in Koohrang County.
Rural Planning
Mahdi Naderianfar; Sirous Ghanbari; Javad Bazrafshan
Abstract
Introduction Sistan region also has special environmental characteristics due to its location in arid and desert region. Low rainfall, high temperature and evaporation, poor vegetation, dependence of the region on the Helmand River water, intermittent reduction or cessation of ...
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Introduction Sistan region also has special environmental characteristics due to its location in arid and desert region. Low rainfall, high temperature and evaporation, poor vegetation, dependence of the region on the Helmand River water, intermittent reduction or cessation of the annual Helmand River water and the occurrence of droughts, the presence of alluvial soil with alternating layers of sand and clay and 120-day winds and the consequent occurrence of dust and the formation of quicksands, cause fragile and sensitive environmental conditions prevail in the region. In addition, in this region, after the closure of the border and the creation of a security wall at its periphery (which practically eliminated the concrete wall, the possibility of border crossings), water played the largest role in the economic, social and political development of the region. The reason for the increase in investment in the implementation of water control and diversion projects upstream (Afghanistan) and the restriction of water entering the Sistan plain, water should be considered as a very valuable commodity. Therefore, in the circumstances that the severity of water limitation in most villages of Sistan is a serious issue, paying attention to increasing water consumption efficiency and improving its productivity will be an inevitable necessity (Asghari Lafmajani and Naderianfar, 2012). According to studies, increasing water efficiency using pressurized and semi-pressurized systems from wells and reservoirs will increase from 20% to 90% and water transfer with piping system is more economically justified than water transmission system with It has open canals (Piri et al., 2014). The region is designed to increase the economic power of the villagers with the sustainability approach. The sustainability zone has been designed in 766 villages of Sistan in the form of 2137 groups of 20 hectares of water. An overview of scientific texts related to the subject of research shows that many researches have been done in relation to environmental issues and its effects; However, no research has been done on the impact of irrigation projects on environmental sustainability and there is a gap in studies in this field. Therefore, the present study, in the framework of a systemic approach, analyzes the spatial-spatial changes of the impact of the 46,000-hectare Sistan plain irrigation project on the environmental sustainability of rural areas of Hamoon city.Results and discussionThe statistical population of the study includes 159 villages of Hamoon city with a total population of 66,675 people and 19,133 households. To achieve the desired results, villages with a population of more than 20 households were identified and then among these villages, with the opinion of social and technical experts, 40 villages in which the irrigation network was implemented and operated (10 villages in each development area) with a total population of 10150 people. And 3477 households were surveyed as sample villages. The sample size of households living in villages was determined based on Cochran's formula of 346 households, which were finally distributed according to the number of households in the sample villages of the questionnaires.Conclusion The study of the distribution of the studied villages in terms of the level of environmental sustainability before the implementation of the project shows that the villages with poor stability are mainly far from the wells and in low water years when the inflow of Helmand River to the region is somewhat reduced. He finds that the agricultural activities of these villages are completely stopped. Meanwhile, with the implementation of the water transfer plan to the agricultural lands of the villagers, there have been positive changes in the environmental stability of almost 30% of the villages compared to the past.
All other Geographic fields of studies , Interdisciplinary
Seyyed Hadi Tabibnia; Faeze Ebrahimipour; Farokhlagha Bahadori
Abstract
Introduction
Today, the issue of development is a concern of many countries. And many local authorities around the world have already begun long-term development for the community and have perfected international best practices for comprehensive development planning and analysis. The central district ...
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Introduction
Today, the issue of development is a concern of many countries. And many local authorities around the world have already begun long-term development for the community and have perfected international best practices for comprehensive development planning and analysis. The central district of Jiroft township has been selected as the scope of the present study; Which in various fields affecting development, has a considerable distance from national and international standards; In terms of development indicators, it is one of the deprived areas of Iran and in this regard, it is a considerable distance from international standards. Different areas affecting poverty, lack of educational facilities, lack of infrastructure and infrastructure are some of the factors that have made it inevitable to address the issue of development in this region. Distribution of selected indicators in the sustainable development of rural areas in the central district of Jiroft.
Data and Method
In line with the purpose and the question; The nature of this research is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose and based on library studies. The statistical population of this research is the five rural districts of the central district of Jiroft township and the sample size has been omitted. Selected indicators have been collected through the statistical yearbook of the Statistics Center of Iran in 2016. It should be noted that in the first stage, about 80 indicators were selected and in the final selection process, considering the discussion of access to statistical and spatial data, the number of indicators was classified and adjusted to seven general indicators. After extracting the indicators, the weight of the indicators was obtained using the TOPSIS model. At this stage, the rank of rural areas in the central district of Jiroft township was obtained with emphasis on selected indicators; Then, for spatial analysis of the weights obtained from the Shannon entropy stage of the TOPSIS model, and in the next stage, spatial maps were drawn using cluster and non-cluster analysis.
Results and Discussion
Accordingly, the present study has extracted and studied seven development indicators according to the selected sub-indicators to measure the development of rural areas in the central district of Jiroft township. According to the distribution of the mentioned indicators; It can be concluded that the scope of research is very different from the standards of development and the indicators of development are not normal and balanced. On the other hand, measuring the development indicators of the research area shows; That the study area is not of equal value. The analysis of the findings shows that Halil village is developing in terms of sustainable development indicators. Esfahan, Islamabad, are in a semi-privileged state and Dolatabad and Khatunabad are in a deprived situation; This indicates an unfavorable situation and far from the desired standards of development at the global and national levels in the study area.
The results of this study on the level of development with the results of United Nations research (1991); Andriant (2001); Ghanbari et al. (2010); Aliaei and Azizi (1397); Mohammad Manan and Reisi (2015), which were mentioned in the background section of the research, are consistent. Accordingly, all of the above research confirms the lack of equitable distribution of services and facilities, as well as the lack of careful planning for regional development, regional inequality, and the lack of integrated development.
Conclusion
The analysis shows that Halil County is developing in terms of sustainable development indicators. Esfaandaghe, Islamabad, are in a semi-privileged state and Dolatabad and Khatunabad are in a deprived situation; This indicates an unfavourable situation and far from the desired standards of development at the global and national levels in the study area.
Also, in order to find regional inequalities and eliminate these inequalities, it is necessary to level the regions and regions in terms of development. By recognizing regional inequalities and ranking them at the district and regional level, better management of regions can be done and according to strategies such as creating planning areas at the provincial, city and district levels, implementing policies. And bottom-up programs Given that most decisions are made in Kerman province in Kerman city, such centralist policies should be reduced and special attention should be paid to the opportunities and limitations of each townships. These are some of the things that can help reduce inequality in the area under study.
Urban Planning
jamshid Nagiloo; hasan sattari sarbangoli; Mohammad Reza Pakdelfard; Shabnam Akbari Nam,dar
Abstract
Introduction Socio-economic transformations and its metamorphoses in the some natural, environmental and sociological spheres have reached to complex stage that epistemological reading of it needs to readout of the philosophical and theosophy and literacy tradition on the lived and non-lived ...
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Introduction Socio-economic transformations and its metamorphoses in the some natural, environmental and sociological spheres have reached to complex stage that epistemological reading of it needs to readout of the philosophical and theosophy and literacy tradition on the lived and non-lived experience of communities at the length of history. The most important factor of this situation is the dialectic of change that twin of modernity that firstly it has been revealed in the context of the city. Modernity as the driving force of development has created the city- change foundation. Dialectical signification of change , is firstly the complexity of the situation and then multiple crisis that come down on city in other word disasters are concentrated in cities. Urban resilience paradigm is the provision of urban planning knowledge based on probabilities and growth of complexities. The theory of the resilience over the past four decades was developed to explain the sudden changes in socio- ecological systems. Resilience is the capacity of a system against the internal or external changes. Urban resilience is the multi-dimensional and therefore we consider analyzing of interaction and strength and weakness and threats and opportunity points of various dimensions of city system an by the way finding of minimum, middle and maximum optimum points in this debt. Olazabal and Chelleri have been reached to this conclusion that in order to rising of resilience , cities have to stepwise change about way of life, services, infrastructure, access to labor market and also organizational and commercial types. Because of this in the literature about resilience, terms such as protective factors, adaptive reactions, results and principled mechanisms are understood. resilience Infrastructures of Zanjan city is affected by both it's natural- absolute geography and by it's relative- human geography at the local and national level and scales. Data and Method The logic of the research , of course, is deductive reasoning. For this purpose, first, the basic theory of urban resilience that has been proposed in recent years was considered. Then by explanatory- analytical method, the indicators of this theory have been used for experimental expression in the field of the research. Results and Discussion Finally according to the evaluation of the average values of resilience from the sample areas can be said in fact there is downward trend in the rate of social resilience respectively from the neighborhoods of Karmandan and Sabzehmeydan to the Engelab square to Amirkabir neighborhoods. Descriptive analysis of the socio- cultural dimensions data of the resilience shows that the average resilience rate for all sample household is 97.42. this amount is equal to 152.067 for households of Karmandan, Sabzeh Meydan to Enghelab Square is 141.65 and Amirkabir is 139.72. ConclusionsNatural hazards are not considered as natural destructive phenomena in the first view. They repeatedly occur in the nature. Today the most important hazards include earthquake, flood, storm, tsunamis, drought , landslide, volcano etc. countries around the world considering different management methods to deal with different types of risks in order to be able to implement risk reduction program. Resilience approach in order to strengthen of society capabilities and also reduce their vulnerability, promotes resilience of urban settlements . thus " analyzing and increasing resilience against natural disaster" has become more important and widespread area. So that currently discussed about simultaneous and reciprocal movement of sustainable development and disaster management toward increasing of resilience. Accordingly the analysis and increase of resilience of human and environmental systems against natural disasters in order to achieve the goal of sustainable development has been particular importance.
Climatology
younes nikookhesal; Ali Akbar Rasouli; Davod Mokhtari; Khalil Valizadeh Kamran
Abstract
IntroductionThe water cycle in nature is directly related to the climate of that region. Reasonable and correct use of water resources requires accurate quantitative and qualitative knowledge and collection of appropriate climate data and information. Depletion of groundwater reservoirs, drying of canals ...
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IntroductionThe water cycle in nature is directly related to the climate of that region. Reasonable and correct use of water resources requires accurate quantitative and qualitative knowledge and collection of appropriate climate data and information. Depletion of groundwater reservoirs, drying of canals and springs and even semi-deep wells and reduction of deep well discharge, change of groundwater flow direction, salinization of aquifers, salinization of soil due to irrigation with saline water, barren The emergence of fields, soil erosion, etc. has put most of the plains of the country at risk of further desertification (Tavousi, 2009: 14).Atmospheric precipitation is the main source of surface and groundwater and the study area is poor in terms of atmospheric precipitation and its amount is between 150 to 450 mm per year, which varies in plain and mountainous areas. The climate of the region is semi-arid and cold and is mostly influenced by the Mediterranean climate. Due to the fact that groundwater is the most important source of water consumption in the study area, the impact of climate change, especially precipitation on the water table of wells in the area was investigated in this study.Materials and methodsTo study the trend of groundwater level changes in Marand plain, water table data of 23 piezometric wells and data of 8 rain gauge stations during the last 16 years of 1395-1395 were used. After using the correlation matrix method to select rainfall stations and considering the complete statistical data and appropriate coverage of the area by these stations, 4 stations were selected for the study and for each station, a piezometric well was selected within the station. This research was first calculated using precipitation data and water table of piezometric wells SPI and SWI values and then NRMC values for each index, respectively, in each method are briefly referred to:Calculate SPI and plot seasonal SPI variations of selected stationsThe standardized rainfall index was provided by McKay et al. (1993, 1995) to provide a warning and help assess drought severity and is calculated by the following formula: Relation 1: SPI = (X_ij-X_im) / σIn the above relation, X_ij is the seasonal rainfall at rainfall station i, with j number of observations, X_im is the long-term average rainfall and σ is the standard deviation.Calculate SWI and plot the seasonal SWI of selected wells The standard water level index was presented in 2004 by Bui Yan et al. (2006) to monitor fluctuations in groundwater aquifers in the study of hydrological droughts, which is calculated by the following formula:Relation 2: SWI = (W_ij-W_im) / σWhere W_ij is the seasonal average of the water table of observation wells i to j, W_im is the long-term seasonal average and σ is the standard deviation.Calculate the NRMC values of each indicator and plot the normalized distribution curveIn this method, seasonal normalized distribution curves were adjusted for both SPI and SWI indices. Cumulative normalized curve is a kind of condensation diagram of a climatic or hydrological variable (such as precipitation and water table) that is extracted from the subtraction of each observation in the statistical series of the long-term average and its division by the average according to the following formula. (Rasooli, 1994)Relation 3: NRMC xi = ( (Xi-X m) / ({(Xi-X ̅m) / X ̅m}) ) * 100 In the above formula, Xi represents the amount of each rainfall observation or the amount of water table and X ̅m is the long-term average in the series of observations.Results and DiscussionInvestigation of normalized distribution curves showed a correlation between precipitation changes and groundwater level in Marand plain. This correlation has a higher significance with a delay season. Shamsipoor (2003) in Hamedan plain achieved a 9-month delay between precipitation and water table. Mohammadi et al. (2012) in Arak plain expressed the impact of groundwater resources from drought with a delay of two months. The results of the study (Rudel and Lee 2014) in the study of groundwater drought index in the United States showed that the SPI drought index with a delay of 12 and 24 months had the highest correlation with the SWI index.ConclusionConsidering the more fluctuations of the water table than the fluctuations of the rainfall, it can be concluded that human factors such as uncontrolled harvesting is an effective factor on the water level of wells. Komasi et al. (2016) stated the effect of human factors on the decrease of groundwater level before the factor of climate change in Silakhor plain. Calculations showed that the value of correlation for both SPI and SWI indices in the nonlinear multivariate equation is higher than the value of the linear equation, which indicates the effect of several other factors in addition to precipitation fluctuations on the groundwater level. According to the results of the study, it seems that the groundwater level in addition to precipitation depends on other factors such as geology, lithology, tectonic morphology, the shape of the aquifer, the distance of aquifers to the feeding site and .... And to achieve more complete results, it seems necessary to address these factors in future research.
Urban Planning
elnaz hadi; mohammadreza pourmohammadi; hadi hakimi; elham hadi
Abstract
Introduction
Investigations on the rates of damages and casualties caused by earthquake in the cities have shown that in many cases, high percentage of casualties are directly or indirectly associated with undesirable state of urban planning and urban risks reduction. In fact, it can be said that the ...
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Introduction
Investigations on the rates of damages and casualties caused by earthquake in the cities have shown that in many cases, high percentage of casualties are directly or indirectly associated with undesirable state of urban planning and urban risks reduction. In fact, it can be said that the major causes of damages and casualties caused by the earthquake, in addition to the negligence and nonchalance in observing the safety standards of structures, can also be resulted from the lack of appropriate urban development principles and plans. It is noteworthy that one of the issues of urbanization and urban planning that can be effective in reducing the earthquake effects and incrementing the urban Resilience is the compatibility of various forms of urban usages versus each other.
Data and Method
The term resilience is derived from the Latin word "Resilio" which means “to return (or to bounce back) suddenly”. The concept of resilience has undergone many changes throughout the time. Although the existing interpretations for this term are complex and diverse, but what is certain is that there is a close relationship between disaster risk, resilience and the built environment. In this context, consideration of resilience as the ability to organize the threats posed by accidents as well as the ability to attract people and resistance against disasters- while still retaining essentially the same function - is particularly concerning. Thus, it can be concluded that the characteristic of returning to the situation that existed before the disturbance occurred, and also improving the situation, for further development of the system, is called resilience.
By compatibility factor in planning, we mean the land use compatibility, which means that the use of lands that are within the sphere of influence of each other, should be consistent with each other in terms of compatibility, stability and activities and do not cause problems for one another or impede others from accomplishing their activities.
Results and Discussion
In this study, considering the proximity of urban usages relative to each other and using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the urban usage compatibility of district 4 in Tabriz was assessed. For this aim, first all urban usages in the study area were classified in 10 classes and the compatibility of each usage relative to other usages were studied. Then the usage layers were combined in GIS software by AHP model and finally, the compatibility map of urban usages for district 4 was obtained.
Conclusion
The results show that 5.9 % of the urban land usages in district 4 are totally incompatible with each other and 43.9 % of the urban usages are completely compatible with each other in the case of an earthquake. In general it can be said that most parts of the district 4 of Tabriz are in good condition in terms of the index of the urban land use compatibility and in case of an earthquake, less damage will be imposed on this area. Only the lands used for industries and workshops as well as municipal, administrative and military facilities are not in proper conditions in terms of the compatibility factor. So, on the basis of GIS-generated maps, because of incompatibility of industrial, municipal, administrative and military land uses, it is necessary to take effective measures in order to create a favorable environment in the city; because neglecting and disregarding the importance of the compatibility of these land uses can be dangerous for the surrounding area and it can increase the casualties caused by the earthquake in an area.
Urban Planning
Vahid Mostofi; mahsa faramarzi; rasoul darskhan
Abstract
Introduction One of the main approaches to the physical-spatial development of metropolises is to use the maximum available capacities of the city and minimize its limitations by using all available resources of the city. This approach requires planning in the form of intermittent development, and non-use ...
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Introduction One of the main approaches to the physical-spatial development of metropolises is to use the maximum available capacities of the city and minimize its limitations by using all available resources of the city. This approach requires planning in the form of intermittent development, and non-use of resources and lands outside the city, if there are internal resources and uses, including brown and unused lands, and especially polluting. The importance of endogenous urban development for the management and reuse of brown lands is such that the abandonment of these lands will greatly cause damage to local communities and inefficient physical spatial management of the city in the future. On the other hand, these lands, due to their characteristics, are polluting and causing environmental damage to a large extent, threatening the health of local communities. However, achieving a scientific and operational mechanism is very important in providing a suitable model for mid-term development based on the optimal management of brown lands. The metropolis of Tabriz, as a trans-regional city, is facing several physical-spatial challenges in the field of interstitial development and optimal management of brown lands. Therefore, maintaining coherent and desirable patterns of urban development in order to manage lands incompatible with urban function is one of the main problems of land use management and endogenous development of this city. This study seeks to explain and analyze the opportunities that can be developed within the city by using the components of interdependent development and brown land management approaches of the present study. Therefore, a preliminary review of the research literature in this field shows that the activity that seeks to provide the desired model of intermediate development in the form of grounded theory has not been presented so far and the studies are general approaches, and only preliminary explanations of Indicators and effective factors in development have been intermittent. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explain mesenteric development by adopting an approach based on data foundation theory in the field of brown land management. Therefore, the main question of the research is, what is the optimal model of mid-term development based on the components of brown land management in the metropolis of Tabriz? Methodology The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. Data were collected by library and field studies based on an expert questionnaire. The statistical population of the study includes the residents of Tabriz, but due to the specialization of the subject, the statistical population of experts using the Delphi method has been used to distribute the questionnaire. The method of sampling snowballs is 30 people. For data analysis, one-sample t-test and path analysis in the form of DPSIR model with the help of SPSS software were used. Results and Discussions The results of quantitative and field studies showed that the population dynamics component with a factor of 0.26 has a very small role in intermediate development. In contrast, urban planning and legal criteria with a coefficient of 5.42 have a significant impact on this issue and for the optimal management of brown lands and achieving the desired pattern of intermediate development, special emphasis should be placed on this concept and criterion. In addition, the analysis of indicators in the form of DPSIR model showed that the "response" component with a coefficient of 3.3 received the highest score. Therefore, according to the group of experts in the statistical community, for the development of the desired intermediate in the metropolis of Tabriz, special emphasis should be placed on the response forces (such as: security; pollution; environmental health; urban space formation). Because, these factors can provide more operational models and strategies to organize and exit the current trend. In contrast, the impact component with a coefficient of 2.73 received the lowest score. On the other hand, the study of components with path analysis test showed that the "pressure" index with a total effect coefficient of 0.623 has the greatest impact and causal relationship with the favorable pattern of interstitial development and brown land management. On the other hand, the "response" components with a total effect factor of 0.591; "Impact" with a total effect factor of 0.556; "Status" with a total effect factor of 0.547; And "driving force" with a total effect factor of 0.537. Conclusion Finally, according to the obtained results, in order to achieve the optimal and desirable pattern of intergenerational development and management of brown lands, it is necessary to observe the following: Development of tax rules and mechanisms for brown and polluting lands in order to oblige owners of brown lands to change the required land uses of the city Organizing the city structure and using the land use capacities and improving the access distance Transfer of non-urban uses such as military barracks, and change of use of agricultural lands to green space and parks and change of industrial uses to required general uses Regulating the urban road network and increasing the capacity of the road network, especially in the central urban context in order to increase access and reduce traffic Strengthen the quality of housing by monitoring construction and providing facilities to citizens Upgrading environmental capacity to rejuvenate the living space away from any pollution
Geotourism
Taher parizadi; omid saeidi; Masomeh Razavi; mohammad hajian
Abstract
Tourism is a vital industry that has a significant impact on the economic development of many cities and countries around the world. Small-scale cities can also benefit from tourism by generating income, creating job opportunities and promoting cultural exchange. Despite having many tourist attractions, ...
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Tourism is a vital industry that has a significant impact on the economic development of many cities and countries around the world. Small-scale cities can also benefit from tourism by generating income, creating job opportunities and promoting cultural exchange. Despite having many tourist attractions, Izeh has not yet fully utilized its capacities for tourism development. The tourism industry of this city is relatively undeveloped and has not received much attention from the government or the private sector. The current research is applied in terms of nature based on the new methods of futurology, analytical and exploratory science, which was carried out by using a combination of quantitative and qualitative models. The methods of data collection in this research are documentary-library and field. The statistical population of the research is 60 executive and academic experts of Izeh, who were selected using the Delphi technique and sampled by the snowball sampling method. MARCOS model was used to rank the variables in the four dimensions of tourism in Izeh. Based on the results obtained from 43 variables, investment, infrastructure, income, and employment factors have the greatest impact on the economic development of Izeh city. The degree of influence and influence of the variables, 11 influential variables, 16 variables are in the risk spectrum, 7 variables are in the influence spectrum and the rest of the variables have a low influence and influence degree. Finally, based on the effects of the variables, the direct and indirect relationships of the variables are categorized into 5 spectrums. Also, the ranking of each of the 43 research factors in the four dimensions of religious, natural, historical and cultural tourism in Izeh are different.
Rural Planning
Mansour Ghanian; latif mohammadzadeh; Afshin Marzban; Somayeh Shadkam
Abstract
IntroductionOne of the important factors for success in organizing and managing natural resources, including agricultural lands, is identifying stakeholders and studying their behavior. An analysis of the potential, roles, demands, information, and knowledge of project stakeholders to interact and coordinate ...
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IntroductionOne of the important factors for success in organizing and managing natural resources, including agricultural lands, is identifying stakeholders and studying their behavior. An analysis of the potential, roles, demands, information, and knowledge of project stakeholders to interact and coordinate with them will greatly help to estimate their expectations. Without accurate and complete identification of all stakeholders in the management and organization of agricultural land, the logical and acceptable results of decisions cannot be assured. As such, stakeholder involvement and participation is considered the cornerstone of planning and organizing any work, so that it is one of the tools for achieving sustainability and democracy. Stakeholder involvement and participation is considered the cornerstone of planning and organizing any work, so that it is one of the tools for achieving sustainability and democracy. Stakeholder participation leads to the use of common potential, knowledge, and values, which reduce differences in opinions and increase trust between people and officials. This study was conducted to design a framework and identify priorities for organizing land use in the southern basin of Lake Urmia using "stakeholder analysis" method. Data and MethodThis study, with a sociological approach, attempted to analyzing the behavior of users in the field of land use planning in the south basin of Urmia Lake. Hence, this research was closed in 2 steps. First, to understand the farmers' behavior, a survey research will conduct. The research statistical population were the all farmers in the south basin of Urmia lake who were 153 farmers were selected as the sample by a randomized cluster sampling method in the second stage. The sample size is predicted using Cochran formula. The instrument for collecting data was a questionnaire which its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α=0.74). The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Finally, the "stakeholder analysis" method was used to summarize the results. To perform this section, 28 specialists were selected purposefully according to the subject and objectives of the research. Results and DiscussionResults showed that behaviors of "change in the method of planting crops", "change of land use" and "use of native cultivars", in the group of farmers with change of land use, and behaviors of "seasonal migration of the head of the household to another place of work", "increase of use" "Chemical fertilizers and pesticides" and "permanent migration to the city" in the group of farmers without land use change are in the first to third priorities. Also, according to the results, agricultural land management is one of the topics that have received special attention and many stakeholders. More importantly, in most sectors, farmers have been identified as the main and key stakeholders. Therefore, these stakeholders can be included in the group of influencers. It can be concluded that stakeholders are divided into two groups. The first group comprises only those who are directly affected and benefit from agricultural land-use management. Other groups of actors are individuals or groups who, in addition to benefiting from their interests, are influential. Also, Land use change decisions of farmers in the south basin of the Urmia Lake essentially aimed at improving farmers’ economic status through collective actions, such as shifting to animal husbandry a, cultivating products with a shorter growth period changes in planting method and changes in irrigation system. Therefore, improving the livelihoods and food security of farmers is a key in Iran, like other developing countries. In addition to this component, the lack of competent professionals and managers has led to a tougher challenge. ConclusionThe results obtained in the stakeholder analysis showed that farmers at the farm level are key stakeholders and the main pillar in the design, presentation, and implementation of conservation programs to organize lands, along with the Jihad Agricultural Organization and other government organizations. Designing a framework and identifying priorities for organizing land use as a development approach to use all available capacities requires attention to the institutional dimensions of development, especially the analysis of key stakeholders and the use of various tools by expanding coordination and interaction. The important result is that local communities, especially local leaders, see themselves as partners in the program, which leads to cooperation in the program as well as strengthening their weaknesses. Also, the results showed that farmers are at the heart of land management, particularly in rural and agricultural areas. However, the results show that their behavior in the face of environmental change is more of a personal decision and to the extent of the capacity to exploit individually rather than as a group or following a regular schedule. This makes the existing challenge more critical than before.
Urban Planning
Ruhollah Arab Ameri; Abbas Arghan; saed kamyabi
Abstract
Introduction
In essence, creativity involves experiences, innovations, the capacity to rewrite the rules, unconventionality, a new attitude to the affairs, innovative illustration of possible scenarios in the future, distinguishing common points from different points, and adopting a resilient approach ...
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Introduction
In essence, creativity involves experiences, innovations, the capacity to rewrite the rules, unconventionality, a new attitude to the affairs, innovative illustration of possible scenarios in the future, distinguishing common points from different points, and adopting a resilient approach to life. A creative city is a conducive environment for human development that lays the ground for developing its residents’ creativity. These cities usually enjoy dynamic and healthy spaces. Thus, it is imperative to pay attention to the factors affecting a creative city to create urban interactive spaces. These factors include human capital, innovation, social capital, and life quality. These factors affect the citizens and overshadow their sense of attachment to such spaces, thus preventing social anomalies.
Data and methodology
Despite similarities with their nature, various scientific research methodologies also have differences, requiring the researcher to use appropriate methodologies consistent with the research subjects and consider the limitations that may arise. This descriptive-analytical research used the survey method to examine ways to improve effective and creative innovations in the urban planning of new cities. This research stresses the effects of human capital, innovation, social capital, and life quality on the creative city. Later in the text, the research addresses each of these indicators and ranks different districts in the new city of Rudyan.
This research falls under extensive research categories (e.g., the city of Rudyan) and is a cross-sectional study. Data were analyzed by SPSS software programs and multi-criteria decision-making technique (DEAMTEL-based ANP). In the descriptive section, the study uses one-dimensional tables, percentages ad frequency, while in the inferential section, T-Test tests, two-sample t-test (independent samples t-test), path analysis, Pearson, etc., were used to test the hypotheses. Also, the DANP model was used to rank the factors affecting the materialization of a creative city.
Discussion and conclusion
The new city of Rudyan has an average innovation index of 2.01, which is not desirable. This indicates that the new city stands at a lower rank than other cities across the nation regarding the application of technology, innovation, science, etc., and it is required to take more measures to become a creative city.
The new city of Rudyan has an average social capital index of 2.74, which is not desirable. Speaking of social capital variables, the city acquired an average rate of 2.88 in the cooperation and collaboration in social relation network (the best situation), while it held an average rate of 2.34 in the variable of social trust (the worst situation). Considering the significance level of less than 0.05 (i.e., 0.003) for all social capital variables, the results from the indicator understudy can be generalized to the whole community.
The new city of Rudyan has an average quality of life index of 2.74, which is not desirable. Speaking of quality-of-life variables, the city held an average rate of 2.94 in the variable of urban culture (the best situation), while it held an average rate of 2.10 in the variable of the environmental situation (the worst situation). Considering the significance level of less than 0.05 (i.e., 0.003) for all variables of quality of life, the results suggest that the city of Rudyan has, like other variables, an undesirable quality of life situation.
Results:
As social trust increases, human capital, innovation, social capital, and life quality will also improve. This is also true of the city of Rudyan. A significant relationship was found between interpersonal trust and human capital with quality of life. There was also a significant relationship between social capital and the creative city, i.e., with the development of social capital components, creative city indicators will also develop (as in the city of Rudyan). The research findings revealed that social capital was a good predictor to explain the city of Rudyan’s creativity.
All other Geographic fields of studies , Interdisciplinary
Abolfazl Ghanbari; Abolgasem Taghizad Fanid; Mohammad Abar
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of the spatial planning is to achieve the most desirable distribution of population, by the best form of distribution of economic and social activities across land, which has not yet been seriously addressed, or at least showed its manifestations, and ...
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Introduction: The purpose of the spatial planning is to achieve the most desirable distribution of population, by the best form of distribution of economic and social activities across land, which has not yet been seriously addressed, or at least showed its manifestations, and in this time spatial planning as a necessity has been paid. The planning plans of East Azerbaijan province are no exception to this rule and at present in the field of preparing the planning plan of the province, there are many issues, the most obvious of which is the lack of practical participation of involved institutions and effective elements in governing the province. Citizens in different stages of preparing the provincial planning plan, not paying attention to the institutional aspects of land management and provincial planning management, the existence of legal ambiguities and significant institutional vacuum in the field of provincial planning management and not knowing the basis of the provincial planning plan and legal authorities Preparation, approval, monitoring, feedback and review, etc. Therefore, recognizing the obstacles and problems of land management plans implemented in particular and the country's development plans in general, is very important in development plans; Because recognizing the problems of the previous plans helps to some extent to avoid those obstacles and problems in writing and implementing the next landscaping plans, and in this way, to achieve the desired future or the balanced development. Therefore, due to the importance of conducting planning studies in East Azerbaijan, in this study, the effective factors in the implementation and causes, factors and obstacles of research plans in East Azerbaijan province have been investigated. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to analyze and evaluate these challenges and obstacles to the implementation of development programs in the realization of land management and tries to answer the following questions; 1) What are the reasons for the non-realization of land management plans in East Azerbaijan? And 2) What are the effective factors in the implementation of the land management plan in East Azerbaijan province?Data and Method The present research was applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical method, and documentary and field studies were used to collect data and information. The statistical population of this study includes 197 scientific elites (university professors and doctoral students, masters in urban, rural, regional planning and urban planning), experts and specialists in urban management in East Azerbaijan province. To analyze the data using quantitative methods such as; Structural equations were used in PLS software, regression and path-analysis. Results and Discussion The results of research on the reasons for non-implementation of land management plan in the province using structural equation testing in PLS software show; The variable "administrative" with a square value (0.452) is higher than the standard value (0.33) and is therefore described as "average" threshold; The variable "space organization" with a square value (0.4) is greater than the standard value (0.33) and is therefore described as "average" threshold; The variable "economic" with the square value (0.346) is higher than the standard value (0.33) and is therefore described as "average" threshold; The variable "development plans" with a square value (0.740) is greater than the standard value (0.67) and is therefore described as "significant" on the threshold. The results of the study of path coefficients (beta) showed that the administrative and managerial, economic, political and security factors and the space organization have "moderate" values and the "development plans" factor has "strong" values to determine power. Model predictions about endogenous latent variables in the context of land management plans in East Azerbaijan province. Therefore, due to the high values of all values for the variable "Development Plans", it is concluded that the variable "Development Plans" has the greatest impact on the non-implementation of land management plan in the province of East Azerbaijan. For example, land use planning with an all-inclusive approach and rational use of resources and talents in different regions of the country tries to deal with the phenomenon of regional imbalance and provide appropriate solutions for achieving balanced and sustainable development at the land level. However, the lack of proper and complete implementation of development programs in East Azerbaijan province has become the most important obstacle to achieving land management goals. Also, the results in the field of effective factors in the implementation of land management plan in East Azerbaijan province showed that the status of indicators of geographical conditions with a value of T about 9.65 and with a significant level of 0.000, implementation planning with a value of 1.77 and with Significance level of 0.007, institutional with a value of T57.57 and managerial and institutional with a value of T60.60 and significant level of 0.000 in a favorable situation compared to other effective areas in the implementation of land management plan in the study area (province) East Azerbaijan). Also, the results of the route analysis test showed that the most general effect in the field of land management plan is related to socio-cultural conditions with a total effect (0.305) and an institutional index with an overall effect of 0.206. Also, the lowest overall effect is related to the management and legal index with a rate of 0.054. The general effects indicate that in East Azarbaijan province, areas such as imbalance in the population scale of the cities of the province, lack of necessary policies on how to distribute the population in the province, intense concentration of population and activities in the central part of the province. ; Provincial view of organizing hierarchies of urban settlements instead of macro-regional view of territorial areas; Existence of specialized and educated manpower without jobs in the province; High unemployment of young people and university graduates, unfavorable organization of the housing system in the province; Lack of attention to social and human capital in the province; Weakness of participatory foundations and civic institutions in the field of social activities and in the institutional field, restriction of people's participation in formulating policies and programs; The traditional nature of the planning system in accepting the planning approach, the lack of successful implementation and the lack of efficient upstream documents, the weak belief of those in charge of the effectiveness of the planning approach in achieving integrated and sustainable development, limited flexibility in planning strategies; Lack of appropriate rules and regulations and systematic and institutional thinking for land management; Lack of clear and responsible legal institutions for land management, etc. are the areas and factors that have a significant impact on the implementation of land management plans in East Azerbaijan province and sometimes prevent the proper and complete implementation of such plans and plans. To be. In this regard, it can be said that the results of this research with the results of research of Bouzarjmehri et al. In (1397), technical and colleagues in (1397), Jafarian et al. (1397), Tavakoli et al. (1396), Taqvaei and Et al. (2010), Akbari et al. (2015), Sarvar and Khaleiji (2014), Saniei (2011), Sharifzadegan (2010), Latifi (2009), Razavi (2010), Salehi and Pour Asghar (2009) Of Tennessee Valley Civil Organization Studies; The findings of studies by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), etc. are in line and most of these studies with obstacles, causes and strategies for advancing land management plans spatially in various fields.Conclusion The results showed that the administrative and administrative, economic, political and security factors and the spatial organization have "moderate" values and the factor of "programs of development" have strong "values" to determine the model predictions about endogenous latent variables in spatial planning schemes in east Azerbaijan province. Therefore, considering the high values of all values, it is said that the "development plans" index has the greatest impact on the non - realization of spatial planning schemes in east Azerbaijan province. Also, according to the path analysis test, the most general effect on the implementation of spatial planning scheme for socio - cultural conditions with total effect size (0/305) and the institutional index is 0/206. Also, the lowest overall effect is related to the management and legal index with 0/054.
Rural Planning
ahmad hajarian
Abstract
The research method in the present research is descriptive-analytical and its type is basic in terms of purpose and documentary and field methods are used to collect information. The statistical population of this research consists of all the rural areas of Jiroft city. According to the statistics provided ...
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The research method in the present research is descriptive-analytical and its type is basic in terms of purpose and documentary and field methods are used to collect information. The statistical population of this research consists of all the rural areas of Jiroft city. According to the statistics provided by Iran Statistics Center in 2015, Jiroft city has a population of 308,858 people and 92,937 households. Of these, 153,153 people with 46,543 households live in urban areas and 155,698 people with 46,392 households live in rural areas of the city. Also, in this research, cluster sampling method (multi-stage) was used. For this purpose, in the first stage, among the 4 districts of Jiroft city, among the 14 villages of this city according to the census of 2015, 11 villages were selected as a cluster sample, and then a number of villages were randomly selected from each cluster, and in total, the desired samples were from The level of 11 villages was collected. According to the 2015 census, this city has 30 villages with more than 1000 inhabitants (Jabalbarz 2 villages, Markazi 21 villages, Ismaili 7 villages).In the following, to investigate the effect of distributive justice and procedural justice on the "infrastructure of the creative village", while confirming the positive and significant correlation of these two variables with Pearson's correlation test, the results of structural equation modeling with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach show that The dimension of distributive justice, taking into account the direct and indirect effects, has had a greater impact on the infrastructure of the creative village in the sample settlements with a coefficient of 0.755. In general, according to the coefficient of determination (R2) for the variable of creative village infrastructure (0.969),
Urban Planning
Habibollah Fasihi; hani rezayan; Sayyedeh Mahshid Hosseini
Abstract
Introduction Public health and sanitation as an important and vital issue has always been considered by academicians and urban planners and managers. It has led to adopt policies and actions by governments and related organizations. Though, creating healthy cities is a long-standing idea that has ...
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Introduction Public health and sanitation as an important and vital issue has always been considered by academicians and urban planners and managers. It has led to adopt policies and actions by governments and related organizations. Though, creating healthy cities is a long-standing idea that has been around for decades, but in recent months, as the Covid 19 epidemic, which usually spreads faster in crowded cities, has plagued every country in the world, it has received more attention again. One of the concerns of city planners and managers in the current situation is how to protect the living environment and create resilient cities against such diseases. One of the approaches that has been proposed in order to enhance health in human habitats is healthy city idea. The purpose of this study is to analyze the status of healthy city indicators and the spatial distribution of these indicators in the new city of Sahand. Data and Method The study area of this research is the new city of Sahand, in the northwest of Iran, at a distance of 20 km from the city of Tabriz. The city has an area of 498 ha and a population of 80795 people. In the research, 38 indicators were selected as indicators of a healthy city and were classified into 4 dimensions. Part of the data was extracted from the GIS file of the 2016 Iranian Population and Housing Public Census and the other part was gathered through a survey using a questionnaire. Sample people including 378 household heads. The data was entered into the GIS to form a uniform shapefile. Then, by producing spatial distribution maps, spatial analysis was performed. Then, by transferring the data to SPSS software, a one-sample t-test was performed. Results and Discussion T-test results showed that the mean of the 38 indicators is 2.99, which is slightly lower than the assumed mean (3). Among the four dimensions of the indicators, the physical one shows a better situation the others, so that the figure is 3.69, which is 0.69 higher than the assumed mean. As the city has constructed in recent decades in accordance to a pre-designed plan, the indicators have shown a better situation in this regard. After the physical dimension, the environmental one shows a higher value than the assumed mean and it was 3.33.In terms of environmental dimesion, relatively large distance from pollution resources, being enclosed in a valley and northwest winds, has removed air pollution from the city. The low density of cars on the roads has caused the residents to be satisfied with the lack of noise pollution. Connecting almost all the houses to the municipal sewage network, proper slope of lands, low density of population and the absence of worn buildings are some of the environmental advantages of the city. At the same time, poor waste management and non-observance of environmental cleanliness by citizens are low-scoring indicators in this dimension.The values of socio-cultural and economic dimensions are lower than the assumed mean. Their values are 2.63 and 2.52 respectively. High value of the indicators of literacy, safety and security are the three indicators with higher values in this dimension. On the contrary, medical facilities, cultural services, leisure and sports facilities are indicators with a lower value in this dimension. In the economic dimension, except for employment, insurance coverage and job satisfaction, the other indicators show a very low value.In terms of spatial distribution, the indicators of a healthy city in Phase 1 of the city has a better situation. In this Phase, the average valueof the indicators is 3.08. In Phase 2, in the southern parts, it has a higher value, but the in phase 2, it is slightly lower than the assumed mean (2.97). At most areas of the Phases of 3 and 4, where construction is still ongoing and service coverage, infrastructure and facilities are not completed, the value of indicators are low. In Phase 3, the average value of the indicators is 2.95 and in phase 4 it is 2.76.ConclusionAnalyzing healthy city indicators indicated that Sahand represents a medium situation of a complete healthy city. In this city, for reasons that are mostly originated from national economy, there are many shortcomings in the economic indicators of a healthy city. However, due to the existence of a proper labor market near the city, unemployment rate is lower and insurance coverage is higher than most cities in Iran. But due to inflation, the incomes of the urban community, most of which are salaried, have not been able to provide them with the goods and services they need to live healthily. Due to the government's financial inability in recent years, it has not been made sufficient investment in urban services, facilities and infrastructure. The dormitory function of the city and the low financial capacity of its resident could not provide the municipality with the necessary financial resources to invest in developing urban facilities and infrastructures . In terms of spatial distribution, in the zones and phases where the construction was done earlier (Phases 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively), indicators values were higher than new constructed ones. In areas under construction or semi-residential, market conditions lead to less private sector activity.
