Urban Planning
Hossein Panahi; Parviz Mohammadzadeh; Yadollah Divsalar
Volume 22, Issue 66 , January 2019, , Pages 95-115
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal size of the metropolises of Iran during the years 2006-2015, by using the surplus function, based on the presence of the government as a provider of public goods and services. To do so, using the total surplus function approach which is defined by ...
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The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal size of the metropolises of Iran during the years 2006-2015, by using the surplus function, based on the presence of the government as a provider of public goods and services. To do so, using the total surplus function approach which is defined by the difference between the total income and the total expenditure of the households working and living in the large cities, the optimal size of the metropolises of Iran is estimated. Findings of research show that the total benefits and total costs increase as population of cites increases. The coefficient of population in the household expenditure function is very close to the coefficient of population in total cost function, this means that the expenditure of household in the metropolises of Iran is increasing. The greater the coefficient of population in benefit cost function Than the coefficient of population in total cost function indicates that people living in cities benefit from urban interests, which is the same increase in income and do not participate in paying social costs and this has caused that the size of the metropolises of Iran exceed its optimum level.
Hosein Panahi; parviz Mohammadzadeh; Akbari Akbari
Volume 18, Issue 50 , February 2015, , Pages 29-53
Abstract
Using integrated data and Heckman two-stage approach, this study investigates the relationship between energy demand (including electricity, petrol and natural gas) and transportation (annual consumption of gasoline by cars owners) with environmental pollution. To do so, the cost-income data for approximately ...
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Using integrated data and Heckman two-stage approach, this study investigates the relationship between energy demand (including electricity, petrol and natural gas) and transportation (annual consumption of gasoline by cars owners) with environmental pollution. To do so, the cost-income data for approximately 14000 urban households is used over the year 2009. Following estimating the demand function of energy and transportation, we have estimated the coefficients of pollution emissions originated from consumption of electricity, gas and gasoline. Then we calculated the pollution emission of these three energy careers. The results indicate that income has a positive and significant effect on consumption in all three types of energy. The results also show that the highest rate of carbon dioxide emissions associated with the electricity, and gasoline has the lowest rate of carbon dioxide diffusion. Estimating the dioxide emission in all three types of energy in Iran’s states indicates that the highest rate of CO2 diffusion belongs to Tehran Province. In contrast the three provinces named Kohgiluyeh & Boyorahmad, North Khorasan and Ilam have the lowest rate of carbon dioxide emission.
