Urban Planning
Asghar Abedini; Amirhoseyn Shekaari
Abstract
Widespread climate changes and their consequences on the economic, social, political, etc. fields have forced global societies to take serious decisions and change development strategies. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which is an important factor in global warming, is one of these strategies. Cities, ...
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Widespread climate changes and their consequences on the economic, social, political, etc. fields have forced global societies to take serious decisions and change development strategies. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which is an important factor in global warming, is one of these strategies. Cities, as centers of population and a variety of polluting activities, are important centers of greenhouse gas production. This issue is more visible in developing countries including Iran. In this regard, this research tries to identify the components and indicators that affect urban carbon reduction with the aim of investigating the theoretical foundations and background, and to analyze and present them for future urban plans and strategies. For this reason, the current research was conducted using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model, and it was conducted in survey and Desk search. The methodological approach of the research is also quantitative in terms of the type of data. The main tool for data collection is a closed questionnaire with a Likert scale. SPSS21 and AMOS23 software were used for data analysis. Finally, various fitting tests were performed and their usefulness was evaluated. The obtained results show that different components and indicators are effective on urban decarbonization with different impact levels. Factor loadings indicate the extent of their influence on the subject. Among the components and indicators, the options related to the preservation of forests, clean and pedestrian-oriented transportation, use of clean energy, etc., have received the highest factor load and have a warning sign on the policies adopted by the responsible bodies in the field. Moving towards the mentioned components is a big step towards forming one of the three sides of sustainable development.
Urban Planning
Maryam azadbakht; Mojtaba Jahanifar
Abstract
The alienation feeling is a kind of mental state arising from the city in which the citizens feel a sense of separation and lack of belonging towards themselves and the city social, physical, cultural and historical environments. Urban spaces make citizens feel alienated. This research was done with ...
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The alienation feeling is a kind of mental state arising from the city in which the citizens feel a sense of separation and lack of belonging towards themselves and the city social, physical, cultural and historical environments. Urban spaces make citizens feel alienated. This research was done with the aim of presenting a conceptual model to explain the causal, background and intervention conditions that affect the urban space alienation feeling. In this mixed method research in the qualitative stage, interviews were conducted with 32 Ahvaz citizens until theoretical saturation, and by the theme analyze, a conceptual model was presented to explain and how the conditions affect the alienation feeling. In the quantitative stage, with the structural equation modeling, the alienation feeling causal structure was investigated for 310 Ahvaz citizens who were randomly selected in a stratified manner. Qualitative findings showed that city space ineffectiveness, insecurity, lack of city vibrancy, poor quality of city structures, city inaccessibility and unviability are the most important causes of the alienation feeling. The gender, family, ethnicity and culture of the people are also the background conditions. Inaccessibility has the greatest effect with a causal path coefficient of 0.65, followed by urban space insecurity with a coefficient of 0.60. The unviability of the city with a causal path coefficient of 0.51 had the least impact on the feeling of alienation in the urban space of Ahvaz. The feeling of alienation in urban spaces is strongly affected by interventions such as policy and legislation, urban designs, and gender segregation. The optimal and intelligent design of cities, taking into account individual and gender differences, ethnic and cultural symbols, and of course the security and accessibility of the city, provides the possibility that citizens feel less alienated from the urban space and their residence place.
Urban Planning
MohammadHasan Yazdani; samira saeidi zaranji; hadi eskandari eynodin
Abstract
Population growth has made a huge difference in the various aspects of human life and their function, including the spatial status of individuals. In this growth. This growth usually includes having good and proper housing is one of the most important priorities of every society. There are many differences ...
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Population growth has made a huge difference in the various aspects of human life and their function, including the spatial status of individuals. In this growth. This growth usually includes having good and proper housing is one of the most important priorities of every society. There are many differences between neighborhoods and urban areas in terms of having a good and affordable housing, and these differences have led citizens to consider different indicators for their choice of residence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate domiciliation indices in Ardabil city. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and causal in nature based on structural equation modeling. Data were collected through a questionnaire with 4 indices (socio-cultural, economic, environmental and physical) and 33 items based on the responses of residents of Aftab, Mahtab, Banafsheh and Milad residential towers in District 2 of Ardabil city with a sample size of 400 . The collected data were analyzed by SPSS, Smart-PLS software. The results of path coefficient analysis and t-test showed that the variables (suitability of neighborhood conditions, heeding of urban principles and widespreading of alleyways and streets, suitability of neighborhood conditions for traffick of women, having parking, freshity and inanity of neighborhood, people's culture level had dedicated the most date for itself. The results showed that 4 research indicators have a positive and significant impact on domiciliation selection of Ardebil residents. With identifying and evaluating domiciliation indicators in the view of citizens, city managers can improve and perferment the housing conditions of citizens.
Rural Planning
Ahmad Hajarian
Abstract
IntroductionSustainable livelihood is one of the most important approaches in the field of climate management, especially drought. Sustainable livelihood is defined as the ability of a social unit to upgrade its assets and capacities in the face of pressures over time. The goal of the sustainable livelihood ...
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IntroductionSustainable livelihood is one of the most important approaches in the field of climate management, especially drought. Sustainable livelihood is defined as the ability of a social unit to upgrade its assets and capacities in the face of pressures over time. The goal of the sustainable livelihood approach is to increase the ability to face change and unpredictable problems, improve justice and increase sustainability by reducing tensions by providing secure networks. Achieving sustainable rural livelihoods is not possible without considering the livelihood capital in rural areas. Given that today, especially in developing societies, the study of household livelihood in terms of rural development is of particular importance, to conduct studies that analyze the livelihoods of rural residents, especially in terms of sustainability and in the face of vulnerable factors such as drought, it is essential. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of measuring the level of livelihood stability of rural households in Hoome Jonobi city in drought conditions in order to understand the sustainability of their livelihood status. Data and Method This research is a survey in terms of practical purpose and in terms of how to collect data. The statistical population of the study was the heads of rural households in Selseleh city (N = 2894) that using Krejcie-Morgan table, the statistical sample size of 339 people was calculated. In order to obtain samples in this study, multi-stage sampling method was used. The analytical framework used in this study was a sustainable livelihood framework. Stability radar method was used to calculate the level of stability. The results showed that among the five livelihood capitals, four human, natural, social and financial capitals are in terms of stability in terms of stability and physical capital is in a position of potential stability. The questionnaire was the main research tool whose content validity was approved by experts and professors. In order to evaluate the reliability of the research tool, 30 out-of-sample questionnaires were completed and the alpha-Cronbach value for its different sections was obtained from 0.762 to 0.862. Results and Discussion The strength of the relationship between the factor (hidden variable) and the observable variable is shown by factor loading. Factor load is a value between zero and one. If the factor load is less than 0.3, the relationship is considered weak and it is ignored. A factor load between 0.3 and 0.6 is acceptable, and if it is greater than 0.6, it is very desirable. It can be seen that all observed variables had positive and significant regression effect coefficients with their scales and the magnitude of these coefficients is relatively high for all cases, all factor loadings at the 0.01 level. They are meaningful. As can be seen, in this table, the significance level for factor loadings or standard regression coefficients of the four observed variables is not reported. This is due to the fact that these variables are respectively considered as reference variables or representative variables for four human, physical, social and financial variables, so that these hidden variables are without scale and, in other words, without their root and unit of measurement. be resolved That is why the initial path diagrams on the arrows corresponding to the paths between these observed variables with the corresponding hidden variable are considered as values of 1. The AVE measure represents the average variance shared between each construct with its indicators. In simpler terms, AVE (Average Variance Extracted) is used for convergence validity and shows the high correlation of indicators of one structure compared to the correlation of indicators of other structures. The value of this coefficient varies from zero to one, and values higher than 0.5 are accepted. Convergent validity or average extracted variance (AVE) for the human capital index is 766/. , the natural capital index was 0.711, the social capital index was 0.799 and the financial capital index was 0.526. Also, the value of the structural reliability coefficient or composite reliability (CR) is variable from zero to one, and values higher than 0.7 are accepted. , which for the human capital index is 755/. , the natural capital index was 0.737, the social capital index was 0.802, and the financial capital index was 0.514, which shows the appropriateness of these subscales. ConclusionIn order to analyze a sustainable livelihood in a geographical area, we need to examine the livelihood resources available to the residents of the settlements in that area. The present study was conducted with the aim of modeling the livelihood capital of rural households in drought conditions in the rural areas of the southern suburbs and reached the following results.The stability of livelihood capitals of rural households in the study area showed that human capital explains 0.64% of the variance. Also, for natural capitals with a score of 0.45, social capitals with a sustainability score of 0.23 and finally financial capitals with a score of 0.37, this shows the intensity of the relationship between the variable of livelihood capitals and the following It has its own indicators.
