Geotourism
Lotfollah Maleki masoumabad; Behrouz Nezafat takle
Abstract
Objective: Geotourism is a special field of tourism that focuses on the exploration of geotourism potentials and geological heritage (geosites). The purpose of the current research is to assess the geotourism and geomorphological potentials of the touristic villages of Khalkhal using Kobalikova, Violet ...
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Objective: Geotourism is a special field of tourism that focuses on the exploration of geotourism potentials and geological heritage (geosites). The purpose of the current research is to assess the geotourism and geomorphological potentials of the touristic villages of Khalkhal using Kobalikova, Violet and Zoros geotourism models. It is located at 37 degrees 7 minutes to 37 degrees 56 minutes north latitude and 48 degrees 1 minutes to 48 degrees 54 minutes east longitude. The current research is descriptive-analytical-applicative.
Methods: to evaluate the studied areas from the Fiolet models, which examines geotourist areas based on four criteria: origin of formation, geographical distribution, tourism, and access status; The Kubalikova model, which emphasizes more on scientific, educational, economic, conservation and additional criteria, and finally the Zoros model, which evaluates the studied areas in three parts of scientific-educational value, conservation values, and usability value, has been used.
Results: Based on the results obtained from the Fiolet model, the village of Kazaj is in favorable management and tourism conditions with scores of 0.68 and 0.65, respectively, in management and tourism rates. Based on the results obtained from the Kubalikova model, the village of Kazaj, with a score of 11.75 out of 18 points, has favorable conditions for the development of the rural tourism industry in the region. Also, according to the results obtained from the Zoros model, the village of Kazaj, with a score of 61.5 out of 100 points, has taken the first place among the studied geotourism villages and has many geotourism and geomorphological capabilities.
Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that the village of Kazaj is one of the rare villages in the region due to its geomorphological attractions and terraced view, and it has a high potential to attract tourists.
Urban Planning
abbas maroofnezhad; ebrahim amiri; vali kavoosighafi
Abstract
Introduction
Sport has always been an important part of the culture of any society that can have a significant impact on the individual and social levels. The increase in the population of cities and the change in the pattern of work and machine life has created one of the biggest problems. It has brought ...
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Introduction
Sport has always been an important part of the culture of any society that can have a significant impact on the individual and social levels. The increase in the population of cities and the change in the pattern of work and machine life has created one of the biggest problems. It has brought with itself the diseases of the present age, that is, inactivity and many problems such as physical, mental, educational, and so on problems. Therefore, proper status, rational distribution of sports spaces and the creation of sports places ensure the health of the community. The use of sports lands is one of the most important uses and is very important and it is very important to pay attention to it in urban space in urbanization processes with increasing demand of population for cities. Residential areas, land, commercial buildings, sports spaces and leisure times, roads and parking lots, and so on will replace vegetation, to the extent that today in terms of green space and open areas between urban networks and natural patterns, no vacant space is found. Undoubtedly, paying attention to sports and recreational spaces and urban services is the most important point. Sports spaces are places in which the fields of sports perform leisure times or participate in various competitions.
Data and Method
The purpose of the present research is to analyze the status of sports places and uses in Izeh. The research method is applied in terms of type and descriptive-analytical in terms of method and library, questionnaire, interview and observation methods have been used to collect data. The statistical population of the research is elite experts in the field of urban and sports in this city. The sample size has been considered 27 people and through personal estimation method. For data analysis, Williamson’s model and SPSS software and one sample test were used.
Results and Discussion
Urban land use planning, spatial organizing of human activities and performances should be defined based on the demands and needs of urban society. Attention to sports and recreational spaces is considered as one of the most important service uses in the city. Sport has regained its role as a part of the city's recreational performance along with other service spaces. Sports can make people enthusiastic to spend their money by bringing people together for a variety of sports events, from making sports public to holding sports competitions. By exercising and attending sports events, people need the proper sports infrastructures, environment, places and facilities. Per capita sports facilities vary in various countries from European to American countries. Therefore, in this research, the status of sports places and uses in Izeh has been evaluated and analyzed. The proposed criteria for analysis and evaluation of sports places in Izeh were selected and determined in 14 indicators.
Conclusion
Sports spaces are considered as one of the most important uses at the city level, which have allocated a significant level to itself. According to conducted studies, out of 15 neighborhoods in Izeh, four neighborhoods do not have sports space and 11 neighborhoods have sports space of 67,653 square meters. Also, from the analysis of 14 selected components using Williamson’s model, it was specified that the average of Williamson’s index for Izeh is 0.21, which indicates the shortage and inappropriate distribution of sports space and use in this city. Also, based on the results of one-sample t-test, the status of the number of sports places (hall/indoor) with -2.819, the status of holding sports competitions at the neighborhood level with -2.787, the appropriate distribution of sports uses at the city level with -2.767, the status of sports equipment at the parks and gardens levels of the city with -2.760 had the most severe dissatisfaction among experts, respectively, while the components of the status of donors’ welcoming to build sports places at the city level with -1.01, the status of financial cooperation between government and semi-government departments with the sports sector of the city with -1.023, the status of sports activities in the dimension of health at government and semi-government departments level of the city with -1.03, had less intensity in dissatisfaction in this regard.
Climatology
mohammad omidfar; Ali akbr Rasouli; Hashem Rostamzadeh; BEHROOZ SARISARRAF
Abstract
Introduction Considering the problem of continuous reduction of the water amount of urmian Lake, Identifying the distribution of rainfall in the basin area of Lake has a particular importance from the point of view of climate and hydrology. Doppler weather radar has an ability of the estimating of intensity ...
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Introduction Considering the problem of continuous reduction of the water amount of urmian Lake, Identifying the distribution of rainfall in the basin area of Lake has a particular importance from the point of view of climate and hydrology. Doppler weather radar has an ability of the estimating of intensity and the accumulation of daily rainfall with suitable spatial and diurnal resolutions. In current study, radar rainfall data, observed at the Sahand station, were evaluated with 10 synoptic weather stations data inside the Urmia Lake Basin exampling some of intensive rainfall events. The compared models show that among synoptic stations Tabriz, Shabestar, Sahand, Urmia, and Bostanabad have a best fit with radar daily rainfall productions, having high-quality conformity in northwest of the study area. In contrast, low level of agreements between two sets of radar has been observed in mountainous area. Due to the problem of continuous decreasing volume of Urmian lake water, accurate identification of the temporal distribution of rainfall can be very important from climatic and hydrological points of view. There are various ways to measure or estimate rainfall. Synoptic stations have a relatively low efficiency compared to radar and satellite due to their point and number limitation, relative to the area of the study area and other influential factors such as weather and human error. Tabriz Doppler Radar is one of the 12 radars of the National Radar Network of the Meteorological Organization of Iran, which works in the frequency band of Doppler C-type radars. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and accuracy of radar-distance measurement tools in the study of heavy precipitation, which due to the infancy and lack of similar studies, the results can be used in future research. Methodology The accumulative precipitation data of synoptic stations in the studied area and the product of the daily accumulative precipitation of Tabriz Doppler radar, which is produced by the radar equation, by converting the echo-return intensity of precipitation, have been used. In this study, the data of accumulative precipitation of synoptic stations of the study area and the product of daily accumulative precipitation of Tabriz Doppler radar have been used. With the help of radar software, the product of surface precipitation intensity is produced in a 24-hour period and its temporal resolution is 15 minutes. Other product specifications such as start time, spatial resolution, and maximum distance, frequency of repetition of sent waves, name of the saved file, color scale of the data and the name of the radar site next to the product are listed. Radar accumulative rainfall on the most severe rainy day in Urmia Lake basin , the distance from the site of the radar site (concentric circles with a distance of 50 km from each other) and the location of the stations studied. Also, to compare the difference in estimation between radar and stations, error estimation indicators such as: mean error, absolute error mean, mean square error and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. Results and discussion The October 14 to 21, 2014 heavy rainfall in Urmia Lake basin has been studied by various radar products and among them 24-hour collective rain product, due to compliance with the cumulative rainfall data of stations, for 10 synoptic stations around Lake Urmia. Due to the collision of the waves with mountains, the topography of the area has a significant impact on the accuracy of radar estimation. They are considered invisible spots; these points causes a lot of errors (in some cases even up to 100%). Therefore, to compare radar data with the station, the accuracy of the separate precipitation estimate at different stations was examined. Conclusion The 24-hour accumulative precipitation comparison of the stations northwest of Urmia (for the cities of Tabriz, Sahand and Shabestar)with radar estimates on the days of heavy rains in October 2014, was highly consistent and the only difference in radar estimates on 20 and 21 days, was about 5 mm that less than Measured by synoptic stations. The correlation coefficient between the data is 0.996, which confirms the closeness of the measurement values of the two methods. The remarkable point in the chart is the significant difference and jump in rainfall on October 19 compared to other days. An examination of the graphs of the cities of Salmas and Urmia in the west and Bostanabad in the east of Urmia Lake shows less accurate but acceptable estimates of rainfall and differs. Conclusion: The comparative graph of rainfall in the Ajabshir city, despite its proximity to the radar site (50 km from the radar), shows a relatively large difference between the radar estimates and the stations. The most important cause of the error is the orientation of the southern Sahand Mountain. In moving to the more southern areas, the radar accuracy is lower, but the comparative rain chart of Ajabshir city, despite its proximity to the radar site, shows a significant difference. Overall, the results shows that: the southern regions, both due to the large distance from the radar and blocking effect of radar waves, almost all of the return waves are weakened from the targets and the radar estimates the amount of precipitation zero.
Urban Planning
Rasoul Ghorbani; Mahdieh Tahooni; Naser Ghaderi
Abstract
Introduction The study of statistics related to Sardroud city shows the changes in population growth and the stages of growth and development of the city, so that the population during the 35-year period (1976-2011) has doubled and the area of the city has doubled Increasing industries near ...
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Introduction The study of statistics related to Sardroud city shows the changes in population growth and the stages of growth and development of the city, so that the population during the 35-year period (1976-2011) has doubled and the area of the city has doubled Increasing industries near Tabriz metropolis, which is located in Sardroud city, plays an important role in changes. As a result, population growth and industrial growth in Sardroud led to unplanned constructions and many changes in the spatial-physical structure of the city, the destruction of agricultural lands so that the area of agricultural lands and gardens in 1999 was 6382180 square meters (65.2%) per year. 2011, 3252635 (26.35%) and the occurrence of various spatial-physical, environmental, social and economic problems in Sardroud city. Therefore, this study evaluated the spatial-physical effects of Tabriz metropolis on Sardroud city with the explanation that the factors affecting change The physical-spatial form of the city informs us of the logical understanding of these factors and of understanding the root of its problems. Each and every logical and correct confrontation with the problems as well as the thoughtful and thoughtful design of the future development of the city helped. Considering the above issues, the questions are as follows: - Has the proximity to Tabriz caused changes in the demographic structure of Sardroud city?- Has the spatial-physical developments of Sardroud city been affected by the expansion of industrial-workshop activities? Methodology In the present study, the method of analytical-comparative research is the type of applied-developmental research. Relevant information from comprehensive study studies and other relevant sources are obtained and classified according to the research needs. Then, the statistical indicators of the research are extracted from the mentioned data based on statistical relations. Quantitative models have been used to analyze the information, which are as follows: Study and analysis of demographic changes using population estimates based on statistics of fertility rates and mortality in Sardroud city through people software, calculation of economic activity diversity index using From the Gibbs-Martin model, comparing the position of different economic sectors of the city with respect to the province using the share change model and the Izard model and measuring the physical-spatial form of the city using quantitative relative entropy models, Gini coefficient, Muran, Gary, and Gary adjustment. Results and discussion In this study few models have been used. According to Bozhugarnia's diagram, the role of Sardroud city in 1996 was industrial, while in 2006-2011 it has taken on a commercial role. Comparing the position of different economic sectors of Sardroud city compared to East Azarbaijan province using the share change model, the growth rate of the total reference economy for 1996-2005 was equal to 1.6 and the economic structure of the province during this period has always been negative and declining. And the employment rate in agricultural sectors is -0.12, industry -0.04 and services are equal to 1.1; and by examining the changes in the economic sectors of Sardroud city based on the Izard model, the only service sector in the city compared to its similar coefficient in the level. The higher province is 252.6 against 137.3 percent, and the results obtained from the measurement of spatial-physical models indicate this. The form of the city is moving towards urban distribution and the values of the indicators in 1999 and 2011 are as follows: (relative entropy = 0.85, Gini = 0.35, Moran = 0.03, Gary = 0.05) And (relative entropy = 0.91, Gini = 0.36, Muran = 0.01, Gary = 1.99). Which has caused the destruction of agricultural lands and orchards, so that in the city of Sardroud in 1378 the share of orchards and agricultural lands was 65.2 and in 1390 it has reached 26.35%. Conclusion Considering that Sardroud city has the most impact from Tabriz metropolis, the development of urban infrastructure of Sardroud city should be considered in line with Tabriz metropolis so that the lack of infrastructure does not lead to marginal growth and inappropriate spatial-physical changes. And in areas where marginalization has taken place, urban renewal and rehabilitation measures and empowerment measures should be taken. Examining the changes in the economic sectors of Sardroud city in the field of industry, private sector investment should be activated and private sector investment in various economic fields should be invested in government economic policies, increasing the amount of investment from city credits, equipping and further development of Shahid Rajaei industrial town. It depends on the carpet weaving and carpet industry in the city.The spatial-physical structure of the city of Sardroud is a pattern of urban dispersion. Due to the need to guide the development of the city towards greater sustainability, the need to change it and the use of strategies for greater compression of the city is felt.- In order to prevent inappropriate urban-physical spatial development towards vulnerable and ecological areas, it is necessary to mention suggestions for improving urban development. Due to the poor growth of the city and its builders, it is necessary for the municipality to exercise strict supervision according to the existing laws and regulations, or for a specific organization or unit to do so under the supervision of the governorates or municipalities.
Asghar Zarabi; Meysam Rezaei; Behnam Naderi; Behrooz Karimi
Volume 18, Issue 50 , February 2015, , Pages 207-234
Abstract
Following the emigrant increasing and city population growth in the world especially in developing countries, the land use has special importance. Because by dedicating the land to essential uses, we can assure the major purposes in urban planning like: health, beauty, welfare, etc. In this research, ...
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Following the emigrant increasing and city population growth in the world especially in developing countries, the land use has special importance. Because by dedicating the land to essential uses, we can assure the major purposes in urban planning like: health, beauty, welfare, etc. In this research, we have tried to analyze and study the land use of Kazeroon city as the view point of quality and quantity, localizing and compatibility and concord then with popular standard per capita in urban plans.
The research method in current study is descriptive-analytical. Information needed for this research was obtained through field research, library research, interviews, map 1/2000 and map 1/25000 Kazeooun city. The data analysis was done by using AHP models and index overlaps in GIS medium. The results of this study show that only four cases of these uses have per capita higher than standard level. But other uses have special shortages and among them, transportation and warehouse and green land uses have some problems from the view point of quality like: spatial distribution, desirability, compatibility etc. with, regard to per capita shortage in existing condition (1385) and also population prediction for time horizon of 1400, the essential area for each uses in existing condition and in year 1400 have been evaluated and the suitable limits to make new uses presented.
Rasool Ghorbani; Mohammad Jam-e- Kasra; Maliheh Mirzabaki
Volume 18, Issue 49 , November 2014, , Pages 191-216
Abstract
Urban comprehensive plans, as the most significant instruments for systematically directing and coordinating cities, are considered the most apparent manifestations of modern urbanization in Iran. These plans have been used since the mid-1960s in response to spatial-structural deficiencies seen in cities ...
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Urban comprehensive plans, as the most significant instruments for systematically directing and coordinating cities, are considered the most apparent manifestations of modern urbanization in Iran. These plans have been used since the mid-1960s in response to spatial-structural deficiencies seen in cities in Iran. Despite almost half-a-century history of having urban development plans and the ups and downs faced for designing and implementing them, the Evaluation process, which is a management tool for realization of objectives and accomplishments of comprehensive plans, has not acquired its necessary position in the planning system yet.
Therefore, it could be said that the strengths and weaknesses of the urban development plans have not been scientifically identified and no feedback has been provided to the planning system. Therefore, the aforementioned shortcomings, resulting from the missing link of assessment in the country’s planning system, persist despite continuous efforts for designing different urban plans. Hence, in order to achieve a dynamic, constant, flexible system of planning those accords with realities, assessment of urban development plans is a necessary step which could not be ignored.
This article aims to investigate deficiencies of comprehensive urban plan in achieving their objectives and to assess the Implementation of such plan. It attempts to apply modern methods to assess comprehensive plans. In this method, Goal Achievement Method (GAM) is used along with tools of geographical information systems and per capita adaptation to adapted or non- adapted with location if physical fabric objectives.
Results obtained from this study indicate that expansion of cities all over the period has flown in the face of the proposed plan in different aspects, including urban boundary, directions of development, location of different uses, urban densities and the administration organization of plan has failed to match the expansion of the city with the proposed plan.
