Urban Planning
Akbar Rahimi; Arman Rastkhadiv; Kasra Ketabollahi
Abstract
In recent decades, urban population growth has led to an increased demand for food resources. In such a context, innovative approaches such as urban agriculture development have been proposed. The present study aims to investigate the trends in urban agricultural land changes within the boundaries of ...
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In recent decades, urban population growth has led to an increased demand for food resources. In such a context, innovative approaches such as urban agriculture development have been proposed. The present study aims to investigate the trends in urban agricultural land changes within the boundaries of Marivan city from 1972 to 2022. It seeks to assess the available land, potentials, and strategies for the development of urban green spaces based on urban agriculture principles. The research methodology employed a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing Landsat satellite imagery for data collection. Radiometric and atmospheric corrections were applied, along with the NDVI index using ENVI software. After generating maps, the evolution of land use changes and the extent of available land for urban agriculture in the study area were examined for the year 2022. Furthermore, this research provides practical solutions and recommendations for the implementation of urban agriculture in Marivan city, based on its potential. A noteworthy aspect of this research is its intention to explore the suitability of land and potentials for urban agriculture in Marivan as a new model for developing urban green spaces. The results of the study indicate that urban agricultural lands have gradually decreased over various periods from 1972 to 2022 due to the city's growth and other human activities in peri-urban areas. However, as of 2022, approximately 2,799 hectares of land are available for urban agriculture, serving as a new model for the development of green urban spaces in Marivan. Several factors contribute to Marivan's success in maintaining agricultural lands and orchards in peri-urban areas. These factors include its favorable climate and geography, strategic location, proactive policies, water resource management, commercialization of agricultural products, prevailing economic conditions, and a substantial labor force. The region has experienced relative climatic stability, ensuring the sustainability of its agricultural lands and orchards.
Geomorphology
Nayer Teymuorzadeh; Majid Dadashi Rostami Sales
Abstract
Urban development is one of the important issues raised in the field of planning, and in the world it means improving productivity and better use of land and space, and it is influenced by factors including natural factors, such that the development of cities with natural bedrock and geomorphological ...
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Urban development is one of the important issues raised in the field of planning, and in the world it means improving productivity and better use of land and space, and it is influenced by factors including natural factors, such that the development of cities with natural bedrock and geomorphological effects is facingDue to the increase in population and the need to use the land around us, it is necessary to make intelligent planning in the field of sustainable urban development in terms of geomorphological phenomena and hazards. The existence of geomorphic hazards and the dynamics of the natural environment sometimes make it difficult to evaluate all factors at the same time in order to determine the appropriate location, so the use of efficient methods is one of the planning measures for urban development.The purpose of this research is to locate the physical development of Sufian city based on geomorphic factors using the AHP-Fuzzy model. To do this, the desired layers, elevation classes, slope, slope direction, lithology, distance from the fault, distance from the waterway, drainage network , land use, distance from the road was prepared.Then weighting was done in Expert choice software. Criteria of distance from fault with coefficient (0.218), distance from waterway (0.191), land use (0.155), distance from road (0.130), drainage network (0.102), slope (0.075) ), lithology (0.063), elevation classes (0.055), slope direction (0.011) are respectively the most important influencing factors in the physical development of Sufian city.By combining the results of AHP-Fuzzy and GIS, the studied area is divided into 5 unsuitable floors with an area of 15/90, relatively unsuitable 16/18, relatively suitable 16/59, suitable 16/53, very suitable 67 / 31 square kilometers were prioritized, the northern and eastern parts are in unsuitable areas and the central and southern parts are in very suitable areas.
Urban Planning
Mahdi Moazeni; Mohammad Reza Pourmohammadi
Abstract
Introduction With the increasing development of human societies, urban societies have also undergone many changes and complexities. This transformation and complexity encompasses all aspects of human life in cities. One of the most important categories in urban development is having a dynamic economy. ...
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Introduction With the increasing development of human societies, urban societies have also undergone many changes and complexities. This transformation and complexity encompasses all aspects of human life in cities. One of the most important categories in urban development is having a dynamic economy. Parsabad city is one of the a few new cities in Iran that has been created under the influence of this theory and the category of comparative advantage of regions in the second quarter of the present century. The city was established in line with the development plan of the Moghan Plain Civil Enterprise in 1953 and in order to exploit the fertile lands of the plain as a new and fledgling city. Because this development was done rapidly in fertile lands .It is considered the best agricultural lands in the Moghan plain, and with the expansion of the city, the agricultural lands around the city were being reconstruct day by day, causing changes in the landuses The study of physical, economic, social and biological conditions indicates the development of the city and changes in its land use. Since the use of traditional methods to determine urban development and land use changes is very time consuming and costly, so using multi-time satellite images and digital maps and a variety of models can model urban development landuse changes and simulated and examined the relevant implications. The purpose of this research is: Assess using quantity models in Predicting urban development trends and land use changes. Assess the future pattern of urban development and land use in Parsabad city. Methodology This research with respect to type of purpose and nature were classified applied and descriptive-analytical research. The instruments used in this research are Landsat satellite images of TM, ETM +, OLI sensors included in 1989, 2002, June 2015 period. For analysis of images , ENVI 5, IDRISI SELVA, ARC GIS software were used . All classification options in ENVI 5 software are situated in the Classification menu. The unsupervised and supervised classification methods were placed in unsupervised and supervised option. In this study, we used the supervised classification method for classification. Results and discussion In general, the process of simulating urban development and land use changes are categorized in three general stages: Create a transition matrix using Markov chain analysis • Create competency maps for each land use class using Multi-Criteria evaluations (MCE) Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) • Accomplishing the transition matrix from Markov chain analysis and spatial fit maps of land use classes and land use / land cover map for simulation automated cells-based. To obtain the transition probability matrix, we use the user map which obtained from satellite images from 2002 to 2015. The weighted linear composition and multi-criteria evaluation method were used to create spatial fit maps for each land use. These criteria was considered in the form of factors and constraints. Factors: distance from water levels, distance from city center, distance from road, distance from constructed lands, landuses, slope to percentage. Limitations of these criteria were e constructed lands, water levels and its 50-meter area. For simulating the land use map of 2028, the land use map of 2015 has been used. All the simulation steps have been done in IDRISI SELVA software environment using markov-ca model. In 2028, the amount of constructed lands increased by 400 hectares, instead, the use of farm lands decreased by 410 hectares. As presented in figures the greatest decrease and change of landuse in this period related to farm lands, and the barren lands decreased approximately 20 hectares by Maid, Exploiting from forest and water land use show a relative increase. By comparing the map of 2015 and the simulated map for 2028, it can be concluded that the development of constructed lands have been unsuitable to barren and farm land use., Also with the development of constructed lands, the use of farm and barren lands area, especially farms, has been reduced. Conclusion With respect to urban development and land use changes in Parsabad city, it can be concluded that: In response to the first question, the study of land use maps of previous periods showed that during the last 26 years, the area of barren lands and surrounding farms of city has been reduced. This amount of reduction has been more to the benefit of urban land use so that the land use area of urban land has increased to278,567 and 820 hectares in 1989 , 2002 and 2015 periods, respectively. In response to the second question of the research, the main level of land use change in the coming years will take place on the outskirts of the southwestern part of the city, including the residential towns of Fajr, Farhangian; And the future development model of Parsabad city is somewhat out of the scattered state and will be done more on the surrounding agricultural and barren lands and without use inside the city, especially in the southwestern part of the city. It was clear that during the last 26 years, the most changes and urban development has taken place in this part of the city. Agricultural lands in this part of the city gradually become to barren land use and eventually changed to urban landuse; the fact that from 1989 to 2015, the area of the city has been increased by 70 hectares only in this part of the city.
Geomorphology
negin aali; Masoumeh Rajabi; Mir asadolah Hejazi; Shahram Roustaie
Abstract
Introduction Natural parameters are the main and determining factors in the physical development of mountainous cities. One of the mountainous cities of Iran, which has physically developed due to these parameters, is the city of Marivan. Marivan is located in the west of Kurdistan province, near the ...
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Introduction Natural parameters are the main and determining factors in the physical development of mountainous cities. One of the mountainous cities of Iran, which has physically developed due to these parameters, is the city of Marivan. Marivan is located in the west of Kurdistan province, near the western borders of the country, at a distance of 16 km from Iraq, between 25 degrees and 21 minutes to 35 degrees and 48 minutes north latitude and 45 degrees and 58 minutes to 46 degrees and 45 minutes east longitude. According to the last population and housing census conducted in 2016, it has a population of 151188. The city is located at the starting point of the Marivan-Esfandeghe geological region and is located in the geological-morphological structure of the young Zagros. Therefore, identifying and evaluating the factors influencing the physical development of this city is really important. To do this, the characteristics of elevation, slope and direction of slope, fault, focal points of earthquake occurrence, main and secondary waterways have been used.With regard to its location in northwestern Iran after the eight-year Iran-Iraq war, the study city has experienced significant physical growth and development due to its unique and pristine vital and natural location, which led to the development of this city. Regardless of geological constraints. At present, the city has the potential to benefit from high potentials in the fields of natural and cultural tourism, including (Zarivar Natural Lake, Bashmakh Regional Area, and Border Market, Bilo Plain, Garan Dam, Oramanat and Bazaar for supplying foreign supplies and products. It has become one of the dynamic and active economic-tourism hubs in the west of the country and there is a growing growth and development in the city; therefore, it is inevitable to pay attention to geomorphological factors and determine optimal directions for the development of this city. Methodology According to the National Physical Plan of Region 5, the city is in a relatively high risk of earthquakes, and with respect to available and cited maps, there are 7 sub-faults in the northern part of Marivan and 2 main faults in the western part of the city. For this reason, the physical development of the city is subject to certain restrictions. Marivan is also in a relatively high risk of earthquakes in terms of location in relation to natural hazards.It is an applied research and the method of work is descriptive-analytical and also the fuzzy logic model has been used to evaluate and model suitable areas for development so that each layer is fuzzy according to fuzzy membership functions in GIS environment. And then multiplication and addition operations and different values of fuzzy gamma have been performed on these layers. After overlapping and multiplying the fuzzy layers, a zoning map of the appropriate development route of the city was prepared and divided into 5 classes including completely suitable, relatively appropriate, appropriate, inappropriate and completely inappropriate for the physical development of the city.In the study, library methods, documentary and field studies have been used to collect the desired information and data. To evaluate the optimal development of urban lands, slope indicators, slope direction, fault zoning, main and secondary waterways, erosion, earthquake-prone points in and around the area have been used. The fuzzy and hierarchical analysis process (AHP) was used. Results and discussion In order to evaluate and weigh the information layers and to determine and score the impact factor of geomorphological indicators affecting urban development while extracting and reviewing the criteria examined in various valid researches and articles, scientific opinions and views of ten experts and specialists were counted and monitored. In order to determine the importance of each of the studied indicators on the location and physical development of Marivan city, the opinions and views of the experts were given based on the superiority of one factor over another and based on expert judgment, scores between 1 and 9 were given. The equivalence of expert scores based on fuzzy method was done by the authors of the article with the help of AHP & FUZZY software.Since 1996, due to the increasing growth and development of the city and the formation of informal settlements, the development of the city has taken place without considering geomorphological considerations, and this has caused the spatial-physical development of Marivan in the northern parts near the existing faults. The development of the city has taken place at relatively high risk. Conclusion Summarizing the research, it has been determined that the southern lands of this city have less proportion to the development of the city due to its proximity to Zarivar Lake and its location along the main and secondary waterways and its proximity to the earthquake centers. And to some extent, the East enjoys a higher level of development.
Urban Planning
Mahin Nastaran; Mahmoud Mohammadi; Enayatolah Mohaghegh nasab
Abstract
Urban population growth and increasing demand for housing and services in the cities of the country has forced the need for physical development of cities this development in recent decades has been more of external development, and the provision of services and housing has been following by adding to ...
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Urban population growth and increasing demand for housing and services in the cities of the country has forced the need for physical development of cities this development in recent decades has been more of external development, and the provision of services and housing has been following by adding to the city's area, that has caused to urban sprawl and deterioration of surroundings and neighboring gardens and agricultures. While that infill development and particularly redevelopment and utilization of land as effective approaches can be considered in reducing damage to the environment and realization of sustainable development of cities. In this regard the aim of this research is to develop a model to identify lands with redevelopment capability and use it to the city of Arak as an example. Therefore, this research tries to answer these questions that how to identify the lands with redevelopment capability? And what are these areas in Arak? For this purpose, an innovative algorithm to identify lands with destruction and redevelopment capability is designed, that urban parts are evaluated on the basis of 8 criteria, construction quality, age of Construction, small lot, permeability, land's price, sponsorship rate, ratio of migration and access to green space. This innovative algorithm has been implemented for example in the city of Arak. The results show that innovative algorithm has nice capability in combination with GIS software and can be used to identify the lands with destruction and redevelopment capability. Also using this algorithm in Arak city lead to identify 4187 pieces with redevelopment capability which has an area of 85.8 hectares and can be used to realization of infill development in Arak city.
Urban Planning
Mohammad Taleai; Meysam Aghamohammadi; Mohammad Karimi; Ghasem Javadi
Abstract
Rapid, irregular and unbalanced growth of the world population during past years, particularly in developing countries, have been caused many problems in the areas of environmental, economic, social and cultural for urban planners. These situations request new methods and tools to model and predict urban ...
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Rapid, irregular and unbalanced growth of the world population during past years, particularly in developing countries, have been caused many problems in the areas of environmental, economic, social and cultural for urban planners. These situations request new methods and tools to model and predict urban future changes. Due to simple and dynamic structure and utilizing spatial characteristics, Cellular Automation (CA) model widely uses in spatial-temporal modeling problems such as urban extension. This paper develops a Fuzzy-CA method to model urban extension. In conventional CA method, state and position of pixels and transition rules are defined certainly. The definitive expression of components of the complex processes needs a large amount of data. However in most cases accurate data are not available. As a result, integration of CA method and fuzzy theory would be useful to model urban extension. In this paper a Fuzzy-CA method is developed and tested in Shiraz city between the years 2004 to 2009. The results of the proposed method show 80% accuracy in comparison to real data have been captured from satellite images. However, an accuracy of 75% has been reported for this case study with utilizing conventional cellular automation.
Iesa Jokar Sarhanghi; Hosein Jabbari
Volume 19, Issue 51 , April 2015, , Pages 81-105
Abstract
It is impractical to exactly uncover the degree of potential of the areas for the land use purposes. However, the application of fuzzy logic, as a mathematical modeling logic of imprecise and vague processes, can pave the way so as to do processing modeling and to determine the ecological potential. ...
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It is impractical to exactly uncover the degree of potential of the areas for the land use purposes. However, the application of fuzzy logic, as a mathematical modeling logic of imprecise and vague processes, can pave the way so as to do processing modeling and to determine the ecological potential. In the present research the ecological urban development model of West Azerbaijan was considered as the basis and performed using fuzzy logic. The fuzzification of ecological resources maps and indeed fuzzy inference system in geographic information systems (GIS) is a way of determining the fuzzy membership degree and the overlapping of different layers for urban development. The results of the ecological evaluation of urban development and analysis of fuzzy logic strengths and weaknesses as compared to implementation of Makhdoom model illustrated that the fuzzy inference engine in the geographic information systems can yield much real output particularly in the sides of borders which form the ecological resources maps. Finally, this study invites further economic, social, and modeling studies in the issues of assigning lands for different usages
Rasool Ghorbani; Mohammad Jam-e- Kasra; Maliheh Mirzabaki
Volume 18, Issue 49 , November 2014, , Pages 191-216
Abstract
Urban comprehensive plans, as the most significant instruments for systematically directing and coordinating cities, are considered the most apparent manifestations of modern urbanization in Iran. These plans have been used since the mid-1960s in response to spatial-structural deficiencies seen in cities ...
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Urban comprehensive plans, as the most significant instruments for systematically directing and coordinating cities, are considered the most apparent manifestations of modern urbanization in Iran. These plans have been used since the mid-1960s in response to spatial-structural deficiencies seen in cities in Iran. Despite almost half-a-century history of having urban development plans and the ups and downs faced for designing and implementing them, the Evaluation process, which is a management tool for realization of objectives and accomplishments of comprehensive plans, has not acquired its necessary position in the planning system yet.
Therefore, it could be said that the strengths and weaknesses of the urban development plans have not been scientifically identified and no feedback has been provided to the planning system. Therefore, the aforementioned shortcomings, resulting from the missing link of assessment in the country’s planning system, persist despite continuous efforts for designing different urban plans. Hence, in order to achieve a dynamic, constant, flexible system of planning those accords with realities, assessment of urban development plans is a necessary step which could not be ignored.
This article aims to investigate deficiencies of comprehensive urban plan in achieving their objectives and to assess the Implementation of such plan. It attempts to apply modern methods to assess comprehensive plans. In this method, Goal Achievement Method (GAM) is used along with tools of geographical information systems and per capita adaptation to adapted or non- adapted with location if physical fabric objectives.
Results obtained from this study indicate that expansion of cities all over the period has flown in the face of the proposed plan in different aspects, including urban boundary, directions of development, location of different uses, urban densities and the administration organization of plan has failed to match the expansion of the city with the proposed plan.
Shahrivar Roostayee; Akbar Asgari Zamani; Ali Zolfi
Volume 18, Issue 47 , April 2014, , Pages 149-169
Abstract
In this paper the importance and necessity of knowing the characteristics of the natural environment to identify suitable locations for buildings and municipal buildings from poor areas, zoning lands to the central part of Aras Free Zone, was acting for urban development. Six indicators (distance from ...
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In this paper the importance and necessity of knowing the characteristics of the natural environment to identify suitable locations for buildings and municipal buildings from poor areas, zoning lands to the central part of Aras Free Zone, was acting for urban development. Six indicators (distance from the fault, the Aras river privacy, water studied privacy, land formation, land erosion and slope) were considered and produced. After defining the parameters, according to the research using AHP, by weighting each indicator in ArcGIS software capabilities in order to combine the indicators. The zoning map for urban development was obtained and evaluated. The results indicate that the most desirable locations for urban development based on the distance from natural hazards zones are in the South, South west and West regions where 4762 ha of area were allocated. Meanwhile in 2300 ha of land area, land for urban development was not desirable.
