Geotourism
Maryam Bayati Khatibi
Abstract
Tabriz city in East Azarbaijan province also has a high potential in terms of having natural attractions and suitable climatic conditions. In this research, in order to evaluate the suitability of a suitable ecotourism location using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and using the method (OWa) and ...
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Tabriz city in East Azarbaijan province also has a high potential in terms of having natural attractions and suitable climatic conditions. In this research, in order to evaluate the suitability of a suitable ecotourism location using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and using the method (OWa) and Geographical Information System (GIS) were first examined according to the situation of the study area and the opinions of nature tourism experts and the evaluation of effective options in evaluating the spatial suitability of ecotourism development and all the options were converted into information layers and finally Using the AHP FUZZY technique with the OWA method in the GIS environment with the combination of 16 layers of information, the spatial compatibility map of the ecotourism development of the study area was prepared. Based on the results obtained from the spatial suitability map of ecotourism development in the study area, 52493.8 hectares or in other words 23.48% of the area is at a very favorable level, 50017.8 hectares or 22.38% of the study area is favorable and 1 51709/ or in other words 23/13 is at the average level. Also, the results of this research showed that the most unsuitable areas for the development of ecotourism include 24659.3 or in other words 11.03% of the entire area. The central region of Tabriz has a high potential for ecotourism. This area is in a very favorable condition in terms of research criteria. Thus, in terms of the most important criteria, i.e. distance from natural landscapes, distance from historical, religious and ancient attractions, and distance from facilities and services, due to its proximity to neighboring cities, including Tabriz itself, as the capital of the province, it has a good status compared to other parts of Tabriz city.
Mohammadreza Pourmohamadi; Hassan Mahmoudzadeh; saman salavati
Abstract
Since the beginning of human being creation and beginning to live in this world, man has faced the threat of terrorism and has always tried to balance security threats and human needs. In this context, passive defense is one of the most effective and lasting means of defending against threats from a ...
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Since the beginning of human being creation and beginning to live in this world, man has faced the threat of terrorism and has always tried to balance security threats and human needs. In this context, passive defense is one of the most effective and lasting means of defending against threats from a long history of human. One of the solutions has proposed to reduce injuries in the threat situations is the use of open spaces . Therefore, the purpose of the research is to evaluate urban open spaces and its role in reducing vulnerability during crisis with the passive defense approach in Tabriz . The present research is descriptive-analytical and with applied approach. Sampling were selected from 100 residents of Tabriz decuple regions from questioning surveys. The data were analyzed using ARC GIS software and multi-criteria decision making methods, MCDM and fuzzy analysis. The results showed that among the weight of sub-criteria, outdoor space has the highest weight with 0.621 value and the lowest weight was assigned to the sub-criterion of relative self-sufficiency 0.023 and according to the final map of fuzzy overly map, the area of open space in reducing the vulnerability of 10 regions was 4253469 m2 with the lowest area 5.55 percent and highest area 19.39% Equal to 14849144 m2 and has the most favorable open spaces in decreasing vulnerability, and in the among of 10 regions of Tabriz, region of 5,6,7, and 9 have an important role in decreasing of vulnerability and region of 1,2,4, 8,9 and 10 have the less effect in decreasing vulnerability.
Urban Planning
ferydoun babai aghdam; hadi hakimi; nader tabei
Abstract
IntroductionInclusive city approach seeks to increase citizens' access to urban services and infrastructure through targeted and accessible investments.The city of Tabriz facing a major challenge in terms of the three basic dimensions of the inclusive city (spatial, social and economic inclusion); Because ...
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IntroductionInclusive city approach seeks to increase citizens' access to urban services and infrastructure through targeted and accessible investments.The city of Tabriz facing a major challenge in terms of the three basic dimensions of the inclusive city (spatial, social and economic inclusion); Because access to affordable infrastructure, land and housing (spatial dimension), the right to the city and participation in the urban management process (social dimension) and access to equal opportunities has become a major issue for urban development managers. Therefore, considering the issues and problems raised, the present study seeks to identify the factors affecting the inclusion of the city of Tabriz, to level the ten regions in terms of indicators.Data and MethodThe research method is descriptive-analytical. The steps and methods of conducting research, can be summarized in three steps. In the first step, the Delphi method has been used to identify the key factors of inclusive city. In the second step, Vensim model was used to find the cause and effect relationship between key factors. Then, VIKOR model was used to identify areas in terms of having the characteristics of an inclusive city and their ranking.Results and DiscussionBased on the Delphi model, the key and influential factors on the formation of an inclusive city in the metropolis of Tabriz by thematic axes are presented in the table below.Table 1-1. Factors affecting the formation of an inclusive city in the metropolis of TabrizAxisKey factorsSpatial scaleLocalNationalInternationalEconomicEconomic reconstruction * Employment * Informal employment* Economic replacement* Inclusive growth* Distribution of opportunities* SocialMigration * Mobility* access to information** Feeling of security* Citizenship rights** Right to the city* Smart City* Sustainable Development***Social Equality* Quality of Life* Social Justice** EnvironmentalResilience** transportation planning* Infrastructure** Environmental sustainability** Reduce water loss* Make up for lost water* Waste Management* Natural quality of urban space* Water saving* PoliticalGovernance** Innovation* Stability** Political participation** political power** SpatialAffordable housing* Public spaces* Spatial justice* Land Use* Source: Results of the author's studiesAfter identifying the effective factors and confirming their relationship to the formation of the inclusive city, these factors were modeled through Vensim software. The purpose of this software is to find optimal solutions in different situations that need to be analyzed. This software has the ability to simulate the dynamic behavior of systems by identifying causal loops and finding leverage points. Then, in order to analyze the cause-and-effect relationship (factors extracted in the Delphi model), key factors were entered into the relevant software. Findings obtained from Vensim model, show the effectiveness of two factors of spatial justice and resilience in the inclusive development of Tabriz.Then, in order to ranking the ten districts of Tabriz, the VIKOR model was used. Research indicators have been extracted according to the review of theoretical foundations and studies conducted in the field of inclusive city and urban sustainability. Therefore, after collecting the data and combining them, the raw data matrix of each criterion was defined in the study area. The decision matrix consists of options (rows) and criteria (columns). Our options are the ten districts of Tabriz metropolis and our criteria are 14 criteria that are given in the raw data table. The results of VIKOR model indicate that the comprehensiveness indicators of Tabriz city areas do not depend on the location of urban areas according to the north and south of the city. So that regions 9, 6, 2 and 8 have a good situation in terms of inclusive indicators. Areas 10, 1 and 4 are in the worst condition.ConclusionThe study of inclusive cities, requires study the city in all economic, social and spatial dimensions. Accordingly, the Delphi model was used to investigate the factors affecting the inclusiveness of the city of Tabriz. The results of the Delphi model show that the main factors of the inclusiveness of Tabriz city, can be divided into four main categories. Part of the factors is related to the economic situation of the city (or community) which includes economic growth, unemployment, land and housing prices and other economic and financial factors. Another part is related to structural issues, laws and regulations and general policies and even infrastructures and popular institutions that affect the formation of an inclusive city in the city of Tabriz. Social and environmental causes are other factors that affect the future of these developments. In order to identify the most influential factors and cause and effect relationships between factors, the Venice model was used. The results of Vensim model show that the two factors of resilience and spatial justice have the greatest impact on leading the city of Tabriz to inclusiveness. The results of VIKOR model show that the inclusive indicators of Tabriz city areas do not depend on the location of urban areas with respect to the north and south of the city. So that regions 9, 6, 2 and 8 have a good situation in terms of inclusive indicators and regions 10, 1 and 4 are in the worst condition.
Urban Planning
Mohammad Hossein Khodabakhsh; parviz norouzi sani; karim hosseinzadeh dalir
Abstract
Introduction Smart growth in urbanization creates communities that are environmentally friendly, close to nature, and protect open spaces and valuable land, restoration of life, limiting the peripheral growth of the city, reducing personal reliance on cars, and so on. It helps communities to develop ...
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Introduction Smart growth in urbanization creates communities that are environmentally friendly, close to nature, and protect open spaces and valuable land, restoration of life, limiting the peripheral growth of the city, reducing personal reliance on cars, and so on. It helps communities to develop economies, create jobs, create strong and sustainable areas, and protect the health of the community and the family. The main objective of this research is to determine the level of smart growth indices in the regions of Tabriz city so that by identifying deficiencies and inequalities in the city, proper planning is planned to reduce the harmful effects of urban sprawl growth, such as traffic, pollution and reduction of injustice and Increase citizens' access. Materials and Methods In this research, smart growth indicators were divided into five major indicators, spatial parameters, housing, physical, and land use, environmental and access, and the amount of each was calculated at the level of ten regions of the city. Utilizing the multi-criteria decision-making model of Topsis and using the entropy-weighting model, we analyzed the spatial structure and the distribution of 71 criteria and ranking the different areas of Tabriz city. Tapsis, as a multi-indicator decision-making method, is a simple but efficient method of ranking-priority. In the TOPSIS method, the selected option should have the shortest distance from the ideal answer and the furthest distance from the most inefficient answer. Required data from different sources including Tabriz Municipality, Population and Housing Statistics of 2011 were obtained from Statistics Organization of Iran. In the following per capita indicators such as per capita urban services such as medical and educational, demographic, housing and biological parameters by different functions of the GIS, calculation and parameters of the topsis model and Shannon entropy weighing method in software Excel calculated and the value of tapis in each of the intelligent growth indices in Tabriz 10 regions was determined. Tabriz is one of the major cities in Iran and the capital of the East Azarbaijan province. The city, the third largest city in the country after Tehran and Mashhad, is the largest city in the northwestern region of Iran, and is the administrative, communications, commercial, political, industrial, cultural and military area of this region. The largest active heavy industry in the city includes a wide range of cement, textile, machinery and petrochemical industries. Discussion and Results The results showed that in the indicator of the combination of intelligent growth, the 9th and 2nd regions, with the value of tapes are 0.23 and 0.13, ranked first and second, and regions 3th and 1th with the value of 0.065 and 0.064 in the last rank they got. There is also a large difference between Tabriz regions in each of the parameters studied, such as women's employment, per capita services, type of residence and so on, also new urban areas have a better ranking than the old ones in intelligent growth indices. In the demographic index that included criteria such as female employment, literacy, immigrants, undergraduates, etc., Region 2, Rank 1 and Region 10 ranked the last. In the housing index, with criteria such as type of apartment housing, access to drinking water, sewage network, etc., the 5th and 7th conditions were better conditions, and the 4th and 10th regions did not have the proper conditions. In the access index with the criteria for the length and area of the network and transportation equipment, area 6 was ranked first and the 9th ranked. In the environmental Index with per capita parks, gardens, and agriculture and ..., the 9th region has the most and the 4th and 3rd areas have the lowest level. In the physical and land use index with the criteria such as per capita of health services, education, business, etc., net, the 9th zone had the highest rate and the 4th and 1th zone had the lowest. Finally, the combined index of all 71 criteria was considered, with the 9th ranked first and the 1st zone. In addition, the new urban areas of 9 were also better off than the older ones in terms of physical, demographic, biological and smart growth compilations. Conclusions The results of the research indicate that the indicators are inappropriate distribution in the city of Tabriz. Therefore, it is desirable to address the heterogeneous distribution and urban planning in the direction of the path of sustainable development and intelligent growth to be taken into consideration by officials and managers of the city. In the next research, it is suggested that some parameters such as per capita energy consumption, etc. that were not available in this study should not be considered. The data of this research was related to 2011, it is suggested that the results of this research be compared with the results of newer years in order to better reflect changes in the indicators of intelligent growth, especially in new areas such as Logic 9.
Geomorphology
Akbar Rahimi
Abstract
Tabriz city asthe populous city in the northwest of Iranstarted the rapid spatial- physical expansion in past decades. Tabriz area in1335 to 1385 increased from 1770 to 25000 hectare. Lock of suitable policy in urban development controls and land management, caused that the Tabriz faced whit many challenges. ...
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Tabriz city asthe populous city in the northwest of Iranstarted the rapid spatial- physical expansion in past decades. Tabriz area in1335 to 1385 increased from 1770 to 25000 hectare. Lock of suitable policy in urban development controls and land management, caused that the Tabriz faced whit many challenges. One of these chalenges is the lock of public land use. So,in this paper, accessibility of urban public land uses in Tabriz is analysed. Methodology in this paper is practical and the surviving method based on descriptive – analytical method. In surviving and analyzing of public land uses, we used per capita and Taxonomy methods. For necessary surviving, statistical blocks information and urban land use map for Tabriz city are used. Results show that the public land use per capita is less than 8 meters, while in master plan of Tabriz; this per capita has proposed 16.71 meters.So, the availability of public land use has critical condition in Tabriz. Green space per capita in all of zones is faced with shortages and the reason of these shortages is the lock of suitable planning for urban expansion. This lock caused that the gardens and green spaces in the periphery of Tabriz are demolished. For analyzing of urban public land use allocation in this paper, Numerical Taxonomy is used.The results of Numerical Taxonomy show that district of number one is the best degree (0.30) and district on nine is the worst degree (0.83) for accessibility to public land use.
Climatology
Rasool Daneshfaraz
Volume 19, Issue 54 , February 2016, , Pages 127-142
Abstract
This study performs a sensitivity analysis to evaluatethe meteorological parametersthat affect daily pan evaporation rate. To this end, five meteorological parameters namely, daily mean temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours, solar radiation, wind speed and pressure for period of 1386 to 1390 ...
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This study performs a sensitivity analysis to evaluatethe meteorological parametersthat affect daily pan evaporation rate. To this end, five meteorological parameters namely, daily mean temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours, solar radiation, wind speed and pressure for period of 1386 to 1390 were used at the Tabriz City, Iran. At first, the pan evaporation rate was estimated using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and the best structure of the ANN was distinguished. Then, weight matrix of selected structure of the network along with the Garson algorithm were used for sensitivity analysis of the input parameters and determine relative importance of the input parameters. The results indicated that the daily mean temperature and relative humidityare the most effective variables. However, the sunshine hours, solar radiation, wind speed and pressure have less effect on the evaporation rate at the Tabriz station.
Shahab Bakhshodeh
Volume 17, Issue 43 , October 2013, , Pages 233-273
Abstract
This paper discusses about reproduction of residential spaces on specific parts of Seylab neighborhood in Tabriz. This case may become more important when we note that a considerable part of population in Tabriz consists of settlement residents and this portion increases annually by the impact of social ...
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This paper discusses about reproduction of residential spaces on specific parts of Seylab neighborhood in Tabriz. This case may become more important when we note that a considerable part of population in Tabriz consists of settlement residents and this portion increases annually by the impact of social and economic conditions. Due to rapid growth of these phenomena, providing formal and standard residence in a short-time procedure is not possible, therefore programming for residences appropriate with social, economic, geographic and physical status of area is inevitable. Present paper is organized on procedure of planning and designing residential spaces by surveying method, which has been implemented by using existing statistical information and also interviews, questionnaires and physical studies. Studying Seylab neighborhood residential spaces clarifies that in addition to upgrading qualities of living spaces, optimum using of spaces and constructional materials reinforcement, also applying zoning architecture principles and development of multifunctional spaces regarding to local climatic, economic and traditional conditions should be considered on planning.
Rasool Gorbani; Karim Hosseinzadeh Delir; pari Shorkri Firoozjah
Volume 16, Issue 39 , May 2012, , Pages 89-108
Abstract
Nowadays rapid development of urbanization, population growth, industrialization, unorganized transport system and urban traffic and green space shortage have caused increase of air pollution concentration in cities, especially in large cities. Therefore, attention into air pollution and factors and ...
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Nowadays rapid development of urbanization, population growth, industrialization, unorganized transport system and urban traffic and green space shortage have caused increase of air pollution concentration in cities, especially in large cities. Therefore, attention into air pollution and factors and causes of increased pollutant concentrations are very important. Hence the purpose of this paper is to identity the effective factors on air pollution at Namaz Square station in Tabriz city.
Therefore, through of component analysis method, main components were determined in each season of year and by the application of multivariate regression model, main factors were defined. Results show that climatic factors (such as temperature, wind speed and direction) human factors (such as crowded population, green space shortage, high traffic, unsuitable roads) have the highest influence in the air pollution. Special attention therefore, to human factors can cause to the decrease of air pollution in urban central area
