Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. student, architectural Department, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardebil, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, architectural Department, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardebil, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, architectural Department, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

10.22034/gp.2021.41603.2693

Abstract

Introduction
 
Natural environments - including open spaces and green spaces - have wide-ranging benefits for urban populations. Providing open and green space under conditions of dense development is one of the important challenges of cities and a wide range of studies related to the subject of green spaces. On the other hand, quality green space is increasingly recognized as an important factor for quality of life in urban areas and a key component for sustainable urban planning and design. Researchers believe that the quality of green space can be a better predictor of health (compared to its quantity). Public open spaces with good design and quality can attract more users to the space and provide a wide range of activities, unlike low quality spaces. In the meantime, visitors' perception of urban green space and the characteristics of green space is a key factor in understanding the mechanism of how the tangible and intangible benefits of urban green space ecosystems are. The results of studies show that the higher the residents' perception of the qualities of green space, the higher the mental and physical health scores. Therefore, by examining the effect of perceived qualitative components of the park on the satisfaction and vitality of residents, its effective components on health and healthy lifestyle can be Identified by creating a sense of satisfaction and vitality in people living in the surrounding areas. This research is done to answer the following two questions: 1. What are the qualitative / perceptual components of green spaces in promoting the sense of satisfaction and vitality of the residents of the neighborhoods around Eligoli Park and Valiasr Park? 2. What are the predictions of the qualitative / perceptual components of urban green spaces in the case studies of this article and what interpretations can justify them?
 
Data and Method
 
Considering the crystallization of positive qualities of urban green spaces in two characteristics of perception of vitality and satisfaction of its users; In this article, the subjective components of satisfaction and vitality in relation to intrinsic sub-qualities and sub-qualities related to use in green space in the neighborhoods adjacent to Elegli Park and Valiasr Tabriz were evaluated by quantitative survey method. A survey is conducted among the adjacent residents of Eilogli and Valiasr parks in Tabriz using a questionnaire. The questionnaire form is set in both face-to-face and online in which the various characteristics of the park environment, including: physical characteristics, naturalness, openness, tranquility, facilities, historical-cultural value and security, accessibility, Usability, variety of activities, maintenance and attachment to the park environment are questioned. Sampling was done randomly and 388 residents answered the questionnaire. The structural equation model is used in Amos Graphic software to analyze the data.
 
Results and Discussion
 
The results of structural equation model analysis show that usability, accessibility and tranquility of the park environment have a significant positive effect on residents' satisfaction in the two parks, but the facilities of the park environment have a significant effect on dissatisfaction. Also, the openness of the park environment has a significant positive effect on the vitality of residents. It was expected that more components would have a significant effect on the satisfaction and vitality of the residents adjacent to Elegli and Valiasr parks in Tabriz, but as can be seen, the results of studying the effect of other components of green space on satisfaction and vitality To a large extent, it did not meet expectations. Possible reasons for the lack of significant components of naturalness, historical-cultural value and security, maintenance, diversity of activities and attachment to satisfaction and vitality are stated in the discussion section of the article. In addition, a wide range of predictions, from cognitive to non-cognitive components, affect the perception and evaluation of satisfaction and vitality in Elgoli and Valiasr parks of Tabriz, because studies show that evaluation in Contrary to conscious judgment, satisfaction is based on general and inaccurate evaluation. Non-cognitive components such as accessibility components (generalized emotional beliefs), emotional components (attachment), and commitment components (degree of participation) lead to an overall assessment of satisfaction and vitality.
 
Conclusion
 
The analysis of the results of this study emphasizes the importance of perceptual dimensions versus physical dimensions of green spaces in urban design and planning. It is suggested that designers and planners of urban green spaces, in addition to using the qualitative/ perceptual components approved in this research in design and planning, To promote the satisfaction and vitality of the residents around the parks, take measures so that other identified components can play a more effective role in future parks. One of the limitations of the present study is the impossibility of studying seasonal and climatic effects, which is one of the limitations of cross-sectional studies. It should also be noted that this study and the intervals intended for people over 16 years.  

Keywords

Main Subjects

آسیابانی پور، الهام؛ پناهی، علی و احمدزاده، حسن. (1399). تأثیر فاکتورهای زیست­پذیری شهری بر وضع موجود با استفاده از مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری با روش حداقل مربعات جزئی (مطالعه موردی: مناطق دهگانه کلانشهر تبریز). نشریه­ی علمی جغرافیا و برنامه­ریزی، 24(73)، 23–46.
پوراحمد، احمد و حبیبیان، بهار. (1397). ارزیابی عوامل مؤثر بر میزان رضایت مردم از پارک­های شهر اهواز با مدل رضایت-اهمیت. برنامه­ریزی فضایی (جغرافیا)، 8(2)، 61–80.
پورمحمدی، محمدرضا. روستایی، شهریور. اسدی، احمد. (1398). بررسی سرزندگی و رابطه­ی آن با انتخاب نواحی مسکونی (مطالعه­ی موردی بافت فرسوده­ی مرکزی شهر زنجان)، نشریه­ی جغرافیا و برنامه­ریزی، دوره 23، شماره 67، صص 45-65 .
خستو، مریم و سعیدی­رضوانی، نوید. (1389). عوامل مؤثر بر سرزندگی فضاهای شهری. نشریه هویت شهر، سال 4، شماره 6، 63-74.
ذاکرحقیقی، کیانوش. (1398). سنجش میزان سرزندگی در چهارراه ولیعصر شهر تهران بر مبنای تحلیل الگوهای فعالیتی موجود در آن، نشریه باغ­نظر، دوره 71، شماره 16، صص 5-18.
رفیعیان، مجتبی و خدائی، زهرا. (1388). بررسی شاخص­ها و معیارهای مؤثر بر رضایتمندی شهروندان از فضاهای عمومی شهری. نشریه­ی راهبرد، 18(53)، 227–248.
روستایی، شهریور و کاملی فر، زهرا. (1397). تحلیلی بر مکان گزینی بهینه­ی کاربری فضای سبز شهری به روش منطق فازی نمونه موردی: منطقه 8 شهر تبریز. نشریه علمی-پژوهشی جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی، 22(63)، 99–115.
سعادت، رضوان و عابدی، محمدرضا. (1390). تأثیر شرکت در نشست­های شغلی رشد-محور بر رضایت شغلی و سرزندگی ساکنان. فصلنامه­ی مشاوره شغلی و سازمانی، 3(8)، 85–109.
طاهرطلوع دل، محمدصادق و سادات، سیده اشرف. (1396). مؤلفه­های عامل ایجاد سرزندگی ساکنین فضاهای زیستی. معماری و شهرسازی پایدار، 5(1)، 47–60.
نعمت­اللهی، سیمیندخت. (1395). بررسی و تحلیل فروش مازاد تراکم ساختمانی نمونه موردی: کوی ولیعصر شهر تبریز. نشریه پژوهش و برنامه­ریزی شهری، 7(24)، 23-42.
Carrus, G., Scopelliti, M., Lafortezza, R., Colangelo, G., Ferrini, F., Salbitano, F., Agrimi, M., Portoghesi, L., Semenzato, P., & Sanesi, G. (2015). Go greener, feel better? The positive effects of biodiversity on the well-being of individuals visiting urban and peri-urban green areas. Landscape and Urban Planning, 134, 221–228.
Chen, S., Sleipness, O. R., Christensen, K. M., Feldon, D., & Xu, Y. (2019). Environmental justice and park quality in an intermountain west gateway community: assessing the spatial autocorrelation. Landscape Ecology, 34(10), 2323–2335.
Davern, M., Farrar, A., Kendal, D., & Giles-corti, B. (2017). Quality Green Space Supporting Health , Wellbeing and Biodiversity: A Literature Review. The National Heart Foundation of Australia, March, 1–61.
Douglas, O., Lennon, M., & Scott, M. (2017). Green space benefits for health and well-being: A life-course approach for urban planning, design and management. Cities, 66, 53–62.
Douglas, O., Russell, P., & Scott, M. (2018). Positive perceptions of green and open space as predictors of neighbourhood quality of life: implications for urban planning across the city region. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 62(4), 626–646.
Fried, M. (1984). The structure and significance of community satisfaction. Population and Environment, 7(2), 61–86.
Grahn, P., & Stigsdotter, U. K. (2010). The relation between perceived sensory dimensions of urban green space and stress restoration. Landscape and Urban Planning, 94(3–4), 264–275.
Grilli, G., Mohan, G., & Curtis, J. (2020). Public park attributes, park visits, and associated health status. Landscape and Urban Planning, 199(March), 103814.
Hami, A., Suhardi, M., Manohar, M., & Shahhosseini, H. (2011). Users' preferences of usability and sustainability of old urban park in Tabriz, Iran. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(11), 1899-1905.
Hicks, S., Tinkler, L., & Allin, P. (2013). Measuring subjective well-being and its potential role in policy: Perspectives from the UK office for national statistics. Social Indicators Research, 114(1), 73–86.
Houlden, V., João de Albuquerque, P., Weich, S., & Jarvis, S. (2019). Does nature make us happier? A spatial error model of greenspace types and mental wellbeing. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 0(0), 1–16.
Hur, M., & Nasar, J. L. (2014). Physical upkeep, perceived upkeep, fear of crime and neighborhood satisfaction. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 38, 186–194.
Kothencz, G., Kolcsár, R., Cabrera-Barona, P., & Szilassi, P. (2017). Urban green space perception and its contribution to well-being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(7).
Krüger, F. (2016). The Influence of Culture and Personality on Customer Satisfaction. In The Influence of Culture and Personality on Customer Satisfaction. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.
Madureira, H., Nunes, F., Oliveira, J. V., & Madureira, T. (2018). Preferences for urban green space characteristics: A comparative study in three Portuguese cities. Environments, 5(2), 23.
Mao, Q., Wang, L., Guo, Q., Li, Y., Liu, M., & Xu, G. (2020). Evaluating Cultural Ecosystem Services of Urban Residential Green Spaces From the Perspective of Residents’ Satisfaction With Green Space. Frontiers in Public Health, 8(July), 1–16.
Marans, R. W., & Rodgers, W. (1975). Toward an understanding of community satisfaction. In A. H. Hawley, & V. P. Rock (Eds.), Metropolitan America in contemporary perspective (pp. 299–352). NY: Sage Publications.
Miller, F. D., Tsemberis, S., Malia, G. P., & Grega, D. (1980). Neighborhood Satisfaction Among Urban Dwellers. Journal of Social Issues, 36(3), 101–117.
Mousavi Samimi, P., & Shahhosseini, H. (2020). Evaluation of resident's indoor green space preferences in residential complexes based on plants' characteristics. Indoor and Built Environment, 1420326X20917436.
pearce J., Shortt N., Rind E., Mitchell R. (2016). Life course, green space and health: incorporating place into life course epidemiology. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 13, 331-342.
Richardson, E., Pearce, J., Mitchell, R., Day, P., & Kingham, S. (2010). The association between green space and cause-specific mortality in urban New Zealand: An ecological analysis of green space utility. BMC Public Health, 10.
Ryan, R. M., & Frederick, C. (1997). On energy, personality, and health: Subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of wellbeing. Journal of Personality, 65(3), 529–565.
Sirgy, M. J., & Cornwell, T. (2002). How neighborhood features affect quality of life. Social Indicators Research, 59(1), 79–114.
Shafer, C. S., Lee, B. K., & Turner, S. (2000). A tale of three greenway trails: User perceptions related to quality of life. Landscape and Urban Planning, 49(3–4), 163–178.
Shahhosseini, H., Kamal Bin MS, M., & Bin Maulan, S. (2015). Visual preferences of small urban parks based on spatial configuration of place. Iran University of Science & Technology, 25(2), 84-93.
Shahhosseini, H., Kamal, M., & Maulan, S. B. (2014). Determining sound, smell, and touch attributes in small urban parks using NGT. ALAM CIPTA, International Journal of Sustainable Tropical Design Research and Practice, 7(2), 3-16.
Stessens, P., Canters, F., Huysmans, M., & Khan, A. Z. (2020). Urban green space qualities: An integrated approach towards GIS-based assessment reflecting user perception. Land Use Policy, 91(March 2018), 104319.
Sugiyama, T., Gunn, L. D., Christian, H., Francis, J., Foster, S., Hooper, P., Owen, N., & Giles-Corti, B. (2015). Quality of public open spaces and recreational walking. American Journal of Public Health, 105(12), 2490–2495.
Sugiyama, Takemi, Ward Thompson, C., & Alves, S. (2009). Associations between neighborhood open space attributes and quality of life for older people in Britain. Environment and Behavior, 41(1), 3–21.
Sung, H., & Lee, S. (2015). Residential built environment and walking activity: Empirical evidence of Jane Jacobs’ urban vitality. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 41, 318–329.
Tyrväinen, L., Mäkinen, K., & Schipperijn, J. (2007). Tools for mapping social values of urban woodlands and other green areas. Landscape and Urban Planning, 79(1), 5–19.
van Dillen, S. M. E., de Vries, S., Groenewegen, P. P., & Spreeuwenberg, P. (2012). Greenspace in urban neighbourhoods and residents’ health: Adding quality to quantity. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 66(6), 1–5.
Van Herzele, A., & Wiedemann, T. (2003). A monitoring tool for the provision of accessible and attractive urban green spaces. Landscape and Urban Planning, 63(2), 109–126.
Voigt, A., Kabisch, N., Wurster, D., Haase, D., & Breuste, J. (2014). Structural diversity: a multi-dimensional approach to assess recreational services in urban parks. Ambio, 43(4), 480–491.
Wood, C. J., Smyth, N. (2019). The health impact of nature exposure and green exercise across the life course: a pilot study.International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 1-10.
Wu, W., Dong, G., Sun, Y., & Yun, Y. (2020). Land Use Policy Contextualized effects of Park access and usage on residential satisfaction: A spatial approach. Land Use Policy, 94(February), 104532.
Zhang, Y., Van den Berg, A. E., Van Dijk, T., & Weitkamp, G. (2017). Quality over quantity: Contribution of urban green space to neighborhood satisfaction. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(5)
Zhang, Y., van Dijk, T., Tang, J., & van den Berg, A. E. (2015). Green space attachment and health: A comparative study in two urban neighborhoods. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(11), 14342–14363.