Evaluating the impact of city form indicators on the pollution of Arak Metropolis

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Mazandaran

2 Scientific member

10.22034/gp.2024.60218.3229

Abstract

Today, air pollution of large cities has caused major crises in economic, social, environmental and physical development. So that this issue has become the first priority for urban planners in order to curb the problem. Investigating the effects of urban form on air quality has been considered in both experimental and theoretical research. Arak metropolis is unhealthy especially for vulnerable groups due to the presence of many sources of air pollution in more than half of the days of the year and now it is one of the eight polluted cities in the country. The present study attempted to evaluate the impact of city form indicators on the pollution of the city. The research results showed; There has been a significant relationship between the city form index and the dependent variable (air pollution index) at the 95% level. So that the R2 value obtained from the spatial analysis of the city form index on SO2, showed 72% and the influence of the city form on the production of this pollutant. The intensity of the effect is greater in zones 2 and 3 of Arak city. This study explored the regional form and air pollution in a city where the concentration of industrial plants exacerbated environmental situation. So urban planning and policies should be formulated in accordance with the city function and industrial structure of Arak metropolis.

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Full Text

بر اساس آمار سازمان ملل خسارت ناشی از آلودگی هوا در ایران تا سال 2008 برابر 8 میلیارد دلار بوده ، که این خسارت‌ها تا سال 2014 به 11 میلیارد دلار رسیده و تا سال 2019 به 15 میلیارد دلار رسید. همچنین کلان‌شهر اراک به دلیل وجود منابع زیاد انتشار آلودگی هوا در بیشتر سال‌ها بیش از 50 درصد روزها ناسالم می‌باشد و هم‌اکنون جزء 8 شهر آلوده کشور است. لذا هدف تحقیق حاضر سنجش و ارزیابی تأثیر شاخص‌های فرم شهر بر آلودگی کلان‌شهر اراک است. داده‌ها و اطلاعات مورد نیاز تحقیق به دو روش کتابخانه‌ای ( مطالعه اسناد، طرح‌ها، مقالات و ...) و مراجعه به سازمان‌های مرتبط (شهرداری، سازمان محیط‌زیست و...) جمع‌آوری‌شده است. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از نرم‌افزار GIS، مدل رگرسیون GWR و مدل Moran استفاده‌شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد؛ بین شاخص فرم شهر و متغیر وابسته (شاخص آلودگی هوا) ارتباط معناداری در سطح 95% برقرار است. به طوری‌که مقدار R2  به دست آمده از تحلیل فضایی شاخص فرم شهر بر گاز SO2 عدد 72% را نشان می‌دهد و این مقدار نشان دهنده اثرگذاری فرم شهر بر تولید این آلاینده است. البته شدت اثرگذاری در مناطق 2و3 شهر اراک بیشتر است. همچنین R2 به دست آمده برای متغیر NO برابر است با 79% که این آمار نشان دهنده رابطه فضایی در سطحی بالا بین متغیر مستقل (فرم شهر) و متغیر وابسته برقرار است و در منطقه 1 شهر اراک تاثیرگذاری بالای این رابطه بیش از سایر مناطق شهر اراک است. تحلیل رابطه فضایی تاثیر فرم شهر بر تولید گاز O3 آماره R2 عدد85% را نشان داده است که این مقدار به مانند سایر متغیرها نشان از سطح بالای رابطه فضایی متغیر مستقل و O3 است. در منطقه 1،2، 3 آلاینده‌ها دارای بیشترین میزان تجمع و رابطه با فرم شهر هستند که از دلایل این موضوع؛ وجود کارخانه های صنعتی ماشین سازی، کارخانه آلومینیوم و وجود نیروگاه پتروشیمی شازند است. در نهایت با توجه به نتایج پیشنهادات زیر ارائه می‌گردد؛ جلوگیری از ساخت وساز مسکونی و تجاری در مناطق جنوب غربی به دلیل وجود شرکت های تولید کننده آلاینده‌ها، توزیع مناسب کاربریها ودر نتیجه تخلیه فشار ترافیکی.

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