Analysis of Effective Factors on Urban Land Use Changes (Case Study:Urmia city)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 , Department of Human Geograohy and planning , faculty of geography, university of Tehran, Iran

2 University of Tehran

10.22034/gp.2024.60785.3240

Abstract

The mutual effects of humans and the natural environment always directly and indirectly cause land use changes, which lead to many environmental problems and endanger the life of the planet; Therefore, it is necessary to know the changes and the factors affecting them in order to continue life and reduce land use changes to overcome the problems. The current research is of applied type and in terms of its nature, it has an exploratory approach. In this research, satellite images of 1993-2003-2013-2023 and ENVI, ARCGIS and Google Earth software were used to identify land use changes in 5 land use classes of the city (man-made), barren lands, agricultural lands, garden lands and water lands have been used. The results obtained in the studied area during the last three decades during the years 1993-2023 from 26768 hectares of urban lands in Urmia and outside its boundaries show that urban lands (man-made) have always increased by 3744 hectares, lands Barren land decreased by 2838 hectares, agricultural lands increased by 2204 hectares, garden lands decreased by 5764 hectares, and water lands (river bed) have water seasonally due to the construction of Silvana Dam. Using the fuzzy Delphi method, 6 factors of population, wealth, technological progress, political economy, political structure, attitudes and values (culture) were identified as the main factors of urban land use changes in Urmia, and the first three factors are the main factors.

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اثرات متقابل انسان و محیط طبیعی همواره به صورت مستقیم و غیر مستقیم موجب تغییرات کاربری اراضی می­شوند که مشکلات زیست محیطی بسیاری را به دنبال دارند و حیات کره زمین را به خطر می اندازد؛ لذا شناخت تغییرات و عوامل موثر بر آن­ها برای ادامه حیات و کاهش تغییرات کاربری اراضی برای غلبه بر مشکلات ضروری است. تحقیق حاضر از نوع کاربردی بوده و از نظر ماهیت، دارای رویکرد اکتشافی می­باشد. در این تحقیق از تصاویر ماهواره­ای سال­های 1993-2003-2013-2023 و نرم افزارهای ENVI، ARCGIS و Google Earth برای شناخت تغییرات کاربری اراضی در 5 کلاس کاربری اراضی شهر(انسان ساخت)، اراضی بایر، اراضی کشاورزی، اراضی باغی و اراضی آبی استفاده شده است. نتایج به دست آمده در محدوده مورد مطالعه طی سه دهه گذشته طی سال­های 1993-2023 از 26768.7 از اراضی شهری ارومیه و خارج از محدوده آن، نشان می­دهند که همواره اراضی بایر2838.41 هکتار کاهش، اراضی باغی 5764.47 هکتار کاهش اراضی شهری(انسان ساخت) 3744.01 هکتار افزایش یافته، اراضی کشاورزی 2204.78 هکتار افزایش یافته است و همچنین آبی(بستر رودخانه) به دلیل ساخت سد سیلوانا به صورت فصلی دارای آب است؛ با استفاده ازروش دلفی فازی 6 عامل جمعیت، ثروت، پیشرفت فناوری، اقتصاد سیاسی، ساختار سیاسی، نگرش­ها و ارزش­ها(فرهنگ) از عوامل عمده تغییرات کاربری اراضی شهری ارومیه شناخته شدند که سه عامل اول اصلی­ترین عوامل هستند.

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