Analyzing the social and economic harms of residents of informal settlements in Tabriz using structural equations

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Urban and Regional Planning Group

2 Associate Professor, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences, University of Tabriz

3 Professor, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences, University of Tabriz

10.22034/gp.2026.72231.3544

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the structural relationships between the social and economic dimensions of the damages of informal settlements in Tabriz metropolis using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Methods:

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of method, and was conducted as a survey among 384 residents of 12 marginal neighborhoods in the north and northwestern part of Tabriz. Data were collected using researcher-made questionnaires and analyzed with Smart-PLS version 4 software.

Results:

The findings showed that contextual factors (age, education, occupation, and length of residence) have a direct and significant effect on economic and socio-cultural damages. In particular, economic damages act as a powerful mediating variable and explain 71.5% of the total effect of contextual factors on socio-cultural damages. The overall model fit index (GOF) showed a value of 0.695, indicating a strong model fit.

Conclusions:

In general conclusion, it can be emphasized that approaches to organizing these settlements should include integrated strategies that simultaneously address economic dimensions (through job creation and economic empowerment) and socio-spatial dimensions (through physical-social integration and promotion of environmental security).

Keywords

Main Subjects

Journal of Geography and Planning

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 09 September 2026

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