Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• mohsen ahadnejad reveshty ¹
• Abolfazl Meshkini ²
• Heydar Salehi Mishani ³

¹ Associate Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Zanjan, Department of Geography

² Associate Professor, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

³ Ph.D. student of Geography and Urban Planning, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran

Abstract

Introduction
Rapid urbanization poses a significant challenge to accommodating the poor particularly in developing countries. To address this issue, affordable housing has become the agenda for many governments in a bid to improve the living condition of low income households. The exclusivity of government agencies in dealing with the provision of affordable housing and ensuring a revolving stock to the public can add significant pressure on available limited budget and resources. To redress the investment shortfall (current and future), and more so for the construction of infrastructure and housing development, most governments in developing countries are turning to PPPs. The first step in achieving an appropriate model of public-private partnerships is to identify, analyze, and classify the various factors that are necessary to ensure the success of these projects. In order to achieve this important, the present study aims to examine experts' perceptions of the "Critical Success Factors (CSFs)" for public-private partnership (PPP) projects in the housing sector of developing countries. It therefore has an international approach.
 
Data and Method
The present paper is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive - analytical in terms of method. In the first step, the content analysis method was used to conceptualize public-private partnerships and identify success factors. Then, in a survey process in the form of a questionnaire, experts in this field were asked to rank each of the identified success factors according to the level of critical or degree of importance. The data gathered through the relevant documents and respondents were analysed respectively with NVivo and Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). In this context, one sample t test was used to compare the average of factors, the Normalization function in order to standardize and identify the critical factors and Path Analysis in order to determine the direct and indirect effects of the indicators and also to identify the main dimension in explaining the Public-Private Partnership model.
 
Results and Discussion
The findings showed that from the preliminary list of 24 key indicators that was identified through an extensive literature review, 16 CSFs were finally highlighted. "Efficient legal framework ", "Political will and commitment to PPP housing ", "Equitable risk sharing", " Stable political system " and " Access to low interest housing loan to developers" are five factors that have the highest degree of critical according to experts in different countries. The findings of factor analysis also clarified that the four factors of "political-institutional dimension", "economic dimension", "reasonable contract" and "incentives", respectively, with the explanation of 30.29, 17.31, 11.69 and 9.650 % of the variance are the most influential factors in achieving the appropriate model of public-private partnerships for affordable housing.
 
Conclusion
Identifying Critical Success Factors plays a fundamental role in the scientific literature of public-private partnerships and achieving an appropriate PPP for affordable housing model in developing countries requires, above all, reforming the macro-political, legal and economic conditions prevailing in these countries.

Keywords

• Critical Analysis
• Urban Actors
• Text Production
• Problematic Settlements
• Zanjan City
• Islamabad Neighborhood

Main Subjects

• Urban Planning