Identification the Drivers and effective factors on improving social relationshiop (case study: 10th region of Tehran Municipality)

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Assistant Professor of Regional & Urban Planning, School of Architecture & Environmental Design, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

The ability to attract people by public spaces has caused these spaces to be called as a container for the formation of social capital. also, the two-way connection of urban public spaces and social interactions is undeniable, and it should be said that public spaces have led to the formation of social interactions and the existence of social interactions makes public spaces successful, This raises the importance of successful public spaces.The research method employed an applied-descriptive method and a survey research technique. The data collection method was documentary and field studies that in which concepts related to urban spaces and social interactions were investigated and the effective factors on promoting social interactions in public spaces are classified in 4 dimensions of performance and activity, physical-spatial, environmental and semantic qualities and in 12 components and 60 indicators.these indicators were specificed according to the case study and after that, 10 key drivers have been identified with the Delphi technique and cross-impact analysis method in MICMAC software.the key drivers are:playground and leisure place for children, entertainment and leisure complexes, sitting spaces, the presence of people in different age and gender groups and categories,including women, children, the elderly and disabled people, and the level of response to their presence, suitable furniture for sitting and talking, access to walking and cycling paths, different landuses and activities 24 hours a day, memorable experiences, access to pedestrian facilities and furniture, Attention to the climate of the place of rest and comfort. after that, the 5 categories of public spaces in District 10 are scored according to the Likert method. It can be concluded that despite the existing quantitative and qualitative deficiencies,but the community parks and district parks have a better situation in terms of promoting social interactions than other urban spaces in District 10 of Tehran Municipality.

Highlights

10 key drivers in the promotion of social interactions in District 10 of Tehran Municipality are: playground and leisure place for children, entertainment and leisure complexes, sitting spaces, the presence of people in different age and gender groups and categories, including women, children, the elderly, and disabled people, and the level of response to their presence, suitable furniture for sitting and talking, access to walking and cycling paths, different landuses and activities 24 hours a day, memorable experiences, access to pedestrian facilities and furniture, Attention to the climate of the place of rest and comfort, that's mean, the factors that simultaneously have the most influence and dependence in promoting social interactions in this district. also, community parks and district parks based on the points given; Due to various factors including: more different activities, more entertainment and leisure facilities, better access to public transportation, suitable spaces for sitting, conversation and social activities, and the climate comfort that exists in these places is mostly used  by citizens.while, in other cate gories, this attendance at different hours of the day and night was much less and many of these spaces are completely unused at some hours of the day due to social problems, security and public supervision. in some hours of the day, they are completely useless and places for social problems. although there are problems in the community parks and district parks,but they are in better conditions than other spaces in district 10 of Tehran Municipality and in general, the main problem of most of the public spaces in District 10 of Tehran Municipality is social problems and the reduction of social security for women and children. this problem has caused the spaces to be used more between 19-22 and before and after this time, due to problems such as solitude, drug dealers and addicts, it leads to leaving urban spaces by other people, families, women and children

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Full Text

قابلیت جذب مردم توسط فضاهای عمومی سبب شده است تا از این گونه فضاها به عنوان ظرفی برای شکل گیری سرمایه اجتماعی یاد شود، همچنین ارتباط دو سویه فضاهای عمومی شهری و تعاملات اجتماعی انکار ناپذیر است و باید گفت که فضاهای عمومی منجر به شکل گیری تعاملات اجتماعی شده و نیز وجود تعاملات اجتماعی موجب موفقیت فضاهای عمومی می گردد، در همین راستا، مبنای این پژوهش که از نوع کاربردی با راهبرد توصیفی- پیمایشی و با استفاده از روش های کیفی و کمی می باشد؛ بررسی عوامل موثر بر ارتقای تعاملات اجتماعی و شناسایی پیشران های کلیدی موثر بر آن ها در فضاهای عمومی شهری منطقه 10 شهرداری تهران است که در آن مفاهیم مرتبط با فضاهای شهری و تعاملات اجتماعی بررسی شده و عوامل موثر بر ارتقای تعاملات اجتماعی در فضاهای عمومی در 4 بعد عملکرد و فعالیت، کیفیات کالبدی- فضایی، زیست محیطی و معنایی و در12مولفه و 60 شاخص طبقه بندی شده اند. این شاخص ها با توجه به نمونه موردی خاص شده و پس از آن با تکنیک دلفی و روش تحلیل اثرات متقابل و نرم افزار میک مک، 10 پیشران کلیدی زمین بازی و مکان اوقات فراغت کودکان، مجموعه های تفریحی و اوقات فراغت، فضاهای مکث و نشستن، وجود افراد در گروه ها و رده های سنی و جنسی مختلف و میزان پاسخگویی به حضور آنان، وجود مبلمان مناسب جهت نشستن و گفت و گو، دسترسی به مسیرهای پیاده و دوچرخه، وجود کاربری ها و فعالیت های متنوع شبانه روزی، خاطره انگیزی و تجربه های به یاد ماندنی، وجود دسترسی و امکانات و مبلمان مخصوص پیاده، توجه به اقلیم امکان استراحت و آسایش معرفی می گردند. پس از آن دسته های پنجگانه فضاهای عمومی منطقه؛ بوستان واحد همسایگی، بوستان محله ای، بوستان ناحیه و منطقه ای، فضاهای مذهبی و راسته تجاری طبق روش امتیازدهی لیکرت، امتیازدهی شده که میتوان گفت با وجود کمبود های کمی و کیفی موجود، اما بوستان های ناحیه و منطقه نسبت به سایر فضاهای شهری منطقه وضعیت بهتری در راستای ارتقای تعاملات اجتماعی دارند.

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