An Analysis of Patterns and Effective Criteria on Territorial Zoning in Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Humanities, University of Tarbiat Modares

2 Department of Geography - Imam Ali Officer University

3 PhD in Geopolitics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

10.22034/gp.2024.56697.3138

Abstract

Governments and societies have historically divided their territories into different regions and areas to better manage their land and preserve the territorial integrity of their country. This practice is now related to the concept of spatial planning, particularly "Territorial Zoning". Territorial Zoning aims to achieve cohesive management and the National Division of Labor, as well as utilize the potential of different regions to reduce territorial inequalities and imbalances. In Iran, Territorial Zoning has been implemented by various organizations over the past decades, with the most recent division into nine major regions in 2017. In this descriptive-analytical research, the extensive literature on Spatial planning and Territorial Zoning plans in Iran is reviewed, providing a comprehensive history of these programs. The research then critiques and analyzes these programs. The most important criteria influencing land zoning are identified and prioritized using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and the opinions of experts. According to the findings, the most important criteria for Territorial Zoning are "cultural-social", "defense-military", and "political-administrative". The sub-criteria of "environmental issues", "level of regional development", "population distribution", "government pattern and type", and "threats and security issues" are also deemed important. Based on the findings and results of the research, the authors propose their own Territorial Zoning plan in the form of ten major regions. This research contributes to the understanding of the history and current state of territorial Zoning in Iran and provides valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners in the field of Territorial Zoning and spatial planning.

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Main Subjects


دولت‌ها و جوامع مختلف در طول تاریخ، همواره پهنة سرزمینی خود را در راستای ادارة بهتر کشور و حفظ تمامیت ارضی آن، به نواحی متعدد تقسیم نموده‌اند. این موضوع با مفهوم «منطقه‌بندی سرزمین» مطرح است که در آن با تقسیم سرزمین به نواحی و مناطق مختلف، به دنبال مدیریت منسجم و تقسیم کار سرزمینی و بهره‌گیری از پتانسیل‌های مناطق در جهت کاستن از نابرابری‌ها و عدم تعادل‌ها می‌باشد. ایران، کشوری پهناور با اقلیم‌ها و فرهنگ‌های متنوع است که در طول دهه‌های گذشته بارها توسط سازمان‌های مختلف به مناطق متعددی تقسیم شده است. منطقه‌بندی‌های پیشین، متناسب با نیاز هر سازمان بوده و بدون توجه به تمایزات منطقه‌ای و در نظر گرفتن معیار خاصی صورت گرفته‌‌اند. از سوی دیگر، با وجود گذشت بیش از هفت دهه از آغاز برنامه‌ریزی و منطقه‌بندی در کشور، همچنان در ارائه الگوی مطلوب منطقه‌بندی در کشور اختلاف نظر وجود دارد. از همین رو،  پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل الگوهای منطقه‌بندی در کشور، نقد و آسیب‌شناسی آن‌ها و در نهایت ارائه الگوی مطلوب منطقه‌بندی تدوین شده است. این تحقیق که از نوع توصیفی ـ تحلیلی می‌باشد، در ابتدا با مرور گستردة ادبیات تحقیق، تاریخچه‌ای جامع از سیر برنامه‌های آمایشی و منطقه‌بندی در کشور ارائه داده و سپس به نقد و بررسی آن‌ها می‌پردازد. بررسی‌های صوت گرفته نشان می‌دهد که مجموعاً بیش از 20 منطقه‌بندی در کشور ارائه شده است که عمدتاً متأثر از تقسیمات سیاسی کشور بوده‌اند و عوامل طبیعی و انسانی در آن‌ها کم‌تر نقش داشته است. در ادامه، با مطالعه ادبیات تحقیق و بهره‌گیری از نظرات متخصصان و روش AHP، مهم‌ترین معیارهای مؤثر بر منطقه‌بندی سرزمینی شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی شد. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان داد به ترتیب معیارهای «فرهنگی ـ اجتماعی»، «دفاعی ـ نظامی» و «سیاسی ـ اداری» و زیرمعیارهای «مسائل محیطی»، «سطح توسعه‌یافتگی مناطق»، «پراکنش جمعیت»، «الگو و نوع حکومت» و «تهدیدات و مسائل امنیتی»، بیشترین اهمیت را در منطقه‌بندی سرزمینی دارا می‌باشند. در نهایت، بر مبنای یافته‌ها و نتایج تحقیق، منطقه‌بندی پیشنهادی برای کشور در قالب ده منطقة کلان سرزمینی ارائه گردید. پیروی از تقسیمات سیاسی کشور یکی از مهم‌ترین معیارهای مؤثر بر منطقه‌بندی سرزمین می‌باشد که در الگوی پیشنهادی به آن توجه شده است. این مقاله، از این منظر که در مرور منطقه‌بندی‌های پیشین و معیارهای مؤثر بر آن به یک جامع‌نگری کلی رسیده است؛ دارای اهمیت بالایی بوده و از سوی دیگر در سطح بین‌المللی نیز می‌تواند کارکردهای مثبت و مؤثری به دنبال داشته باشد.

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