Rereading the structural system of the historical neighborhoods of Urmia city in the Qajar period

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Architecture, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tabriz University of Islamic Arts, Tabriz, Iran

2 PhD student in Islamic Urbanism, School of Architecture and Urbanism, Tabriz University of Islamic Arts, Tabriz, Iran

10.22034/gp.2024.60840.3242

Abstract

Neighborhood is one of the most important pillars of Iranian-Islamic cities. In historical cities, especially during the Qajar period, each neighborhood provided the daily needs of the residents. Researches have been conducted to represent the main structure of historical cities by using the main physical elements, while the physical aspects are not the only aspect that shapes the structure of the neighborhood and the non-physical aspects have also had a significant impact on the formation of traditional neighborhoods. Neighborhoods in traditional cities are usually the result of social interaction between people close to each other. The aim of the research is to identify physical and non-physical factors influencing the structure of historical neighborhoods, to identify and read the structural system of neighborhoods in Urmia city during the Qajar period. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and in order to access the required data, library sources and historical written and illustrated documents, as well as reconstructed maps, oral sources, as well as field evidence and documentation have been used. The data obtained from different sources have been analyzed in an interpretive way and finally the results show that the neighborhoods of Urmia city have a definite border and territory, which, while communicating with other neighborhoods, would preserve the entirety of each neighborhood. Each neighborhood had a specific gate in the city wall and several main passages and passages, the main passage being the communication passage between the gate and the market. At the intersection of the main passages of the center of the neighborhood with the mosque, religious and other uses were formed. The needs of the residents of each neighborhood were met due to the use of services within the neighborhood, and the neighborhoods had social and cultural continuity, which distinguished them from other neighborhoods.

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Full Text

محله یکی از مهم‌ترین ارکان شهرهای ایرانی‌اسلامی است. در شهرهای تاریخی علی‌الخصوص دوره قاجار هر محله در خود نیازمندی‌های روزمره ساکنان را تأمین می‌کرد. پژوهش‌هایی برای بازنمایی ساختار اصلی شهرهای تاریخی با بهره‌گیری از عناصر اصلی کالبدی انجام یافته است درحالیکه جنبه‌های کالبدی تنها بعد شکل دهنده ساختار محله نیستند و جنبه‌های غیرکالبدی نیز تاثیر بسزایی در شکل‌گیری محلات سنتی داشته‌اند. محله‌ها در شهرهای سنتی به طور معمول ماحصل تعامل اجتماعی میان افراد نزدیک به یکدیگر هستند. هدف پژوهش، شناسایی عوامل کالبدی و غیرکالبدی تاثیرگذار در ساختار محله‌های تاریخی، شناسایی و بازخوانی نظام ساختاری محله‌های شهر ارومیه در دوره قاجار است. روش‌ پژوهش توصیفی- تحلیلی است و به منظور دسترسی به داده‌های مورد نیاز از منابع کتابخانه‌ای و بررسی اسناد مکتوب و مصور تاریخی و هم‌چنین نقشه‌های بازسازی شده، منابع شفاهی و شواهد و مستندات میدانی بهره گرفته شده است. داده‌های بـه دست آمده از منابع مختلف به روش تفسیری مورد واکاوی قرار گرفته و در نهایت نتایج نشان می‌دهند محلات شهر‌ ارومیه دارای مرز و قلمرو مشخص بوده که در عین ارتباط با دیگر محلات، موجب حفظ کلیت هر محله می‌شد. هر محله دارای یک دروازه اختصاصی در حصار شهر و چندین معابر‌ و گذر اصلی بود که اصلی ترین گذر همان معبر مواصلاتی بین دروازه و بازار بود. در محل تلاقی گذرهای اصلی مرکز محله مسجد به عنوان کاربری مذهبی و دیگر‌کاربری‌ها شکل می‌گرفت. نیازهای ساکنین هر محله به سبب کاربری‌های خدماتی داخل محله تامین می‌شد و محله‌ها دارای پیوستگی اجتماعی و فرهنگی بوده‌اند به طوریکه موجب تمایز با سایر محلات می‌شد.

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