The Influence of the Evolution Pattern of the Alluvial Fans North of Kermanshah City on Foundation Settlement Potential

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Razi University

2 razi University

10.22034/gp.2026.64512.3326

Abstract

Economic considerations and sustainable urban development require accurate identification of the geotechnical properties of soils before any construction. Alluvial fans exhibit highly variable geotechnical characteristics due to historical changes in sedimentation conditions and lateral and vertical variations in sediment types, creating complexities in the assessment of foundation settlement potential. The analysis of geomorphological processes and the evolution of alluvial fans facilitates soil distribution analysis and reduces sampling costs. In this study, 56 boreholes were drilled in the northern alluvial fan of Kermanshah city, and soil samples were collected every 2 meters up to a depth of 24 meters. SPT tests were performed, and soil settlement potential was determined using the empirical DAS equation. Soil texture characteristics were obtained by sampling and measuring the maximum grain volume. Relationships among data were analyzed using Excel and SPSS software, and distribution maps of sediment types along with foundation settlement potential maps—based on both actual data and model predictions—were created using Arc GIS. The results showed that the best predictive model is a linear model incorporating three variables: “distance from the mountain,” “clay thickness,” and “sand thickness.” Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the model’s robustness even with reduced data, highlighting the increasing key role of the “distance from the mountain front” variable. Based on these findings, new indices based on geomorphological data can be defined, enabling improved prediction accuracy with fewer measurements and providing practical guidance for engineers in selecting optimal sampling locations over larger areas.

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