Geomorphology
elhame ebady; Fariba Esfandayari Darabad; sayyad Asghari; Raoof Mostafazadeh
Abstract
One of the important conditions for optimal use of land is obtaining information about landuse patterns and their changes over time. Landuse is usually defined based on human use of land, emphasizing the role of land in economic activities. Today, remote sensing technology is considered as the main element ...
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One of the important conditions for optimal use of land is obtaining information about landuse patterns and their changes over time. Landuse is usually defined based on human use of land, emphasizing the role of land in economic activities. Today, remote sensing technology is considered as the main element in landuse monitoring. The aim of the current research is to extract landuse maps for the years 2000 and 2021 in FirozabadKhalkhal region and to investigate the changes made in the studied time period in the region using the images of ETM and OLI sensors of Landsat. Also, checking the capability of basic pixel and object-oriented methods for landuse classification is another purpose of this study. In the current research, the object-oriented technique nearest neighbor algorithm and the vector machine method supporting the pixel-based algorithm have been used for landuse classification. Then, to verify the accuracy of these two methods, the overall accuracy and Kappa were extracted. The results of this evaluation show the high accuracy of the object-oriented method in extracting land use classes. Based on the results of the detection of landuse changes in the studied time period, the highest amount of changes occurred is related to the use of good pasture to poor pasture with a value of 51.72 square kilometers, followed by forest to good pasture with a value of 30.11 and the lowest changes It is related to the use of pasture and water with the amount of 0.03 square kilometers. The reasons for these changes are the increase in population, indiscriminate grazing of livestock, incorrect and illegal use of different lands. The use of more parameters such as scale, shape, compactness, color, texture, smoothness criterion and pattern for landuse classification in the object oriented technique can be considered as an innovation of the present study.
Geomorphology
Fariba Karami; majid ranjbari
Abstract
The rivers are the most important supplies of fresh and agricultural water in the cities and villages. The importance of chemical quality of waters is becoming increasingly important due to the increase and diversity of Anthropogenic activities in the urban and rural environments. Therefore, the current ...
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The rivers are the most important supplies of fresh and agricultural water in the cities and villages. The importance of chemical quality of waters is becoming increasingly important due to the increase and diversity of Anthropogenic activities in the urban and rural environments. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the trend of land use changes and the chemical quality of surface water in a period of twenty years in the Qaranquchai River in Hashtrud Ccounty. The Qaranquchai is one of the sub-basins of Qezel Ozen River in the northwest of the country. In this research, Land use maps for the years 2021 and 2001 were prepared and drawn using Sentinel 2 and Landsat 7 satellite images, and were examined their changes. The chemical quality data of surface water in the hydrometric stations of the Qaranquchai basin, including Mg, Ca, EC, TDS, Cl, HCO, SO4, K and Na were obtained from the Regional Water Organization of East Azarbaijan province from 2000 to 2020. Then, their changes over 20 years were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test. The results of the analysis of land use changes showed that in 2001, the largest area of land use was pasture, while in 2021, rainfed land had the largest area in the Qaranquchai basin. In fact, during the studied years, with the increase of rainfed agricultural land from 38% to 53.1%, pasture land decreased from 60.17% to 42.3%. The results of the investigation of the changes of the chemical quality indicators of the water in the hydrometric stations in the Qarangochai river in the studied time period, showed that the trend of changes was increasing. The result of the increasing process of each of the anions and cations in the river water has caused its quality to decrease.
Land use Planning
Azra Moshtagheh Mehr; Asadollah Hejazi; Fariba Karami
Abstract
In the present research, the evaluation of land use changes in Mahabad county in a twenty-year period from 2000 to 2020 and the prediction of its possible trends until 2040 have been discussed. In this research, the images of ETM and OLI sensors of Landsat satellite in three years of 2000, 2010 and 2020 ...
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In the present research, the evaluation of land use changes in Mahabad county in a twenty-year period from 2000 to 2020 and the prediction of its possible trends until 2040 have been discussed. In this research, the images of ETM and OLI sensors of Landsat satellite in three years of 2000, 2010 and 2020 and the supervised classification have been used to detect the changes that have occurred. In addition, in order to simulate land use changes, Markov model and cellular automata have been used. Based on our results, the highest trend of increase was related to the built-up lands and the highest trend of decrease was related to the water bodies of the region. In other words, the area of built-up lands increased from 2367.67 hectares to 71006.08 hectares. Besides, the area of water bodies has reached from 9266.63 hectares to 1164.28 hectares, respectively. In addition, based on the results of the Markov model, it is expected that the trend of land use changes will decrease the area of agricultural lands by 1473.1 hectares, orchards and forests by 810.11 hectares, pasture land by 16455.4 hectares and water bodies by 545.69 hectares. On the other hand, these changes will be accompanied by an increase in the area of barren lands by 11831.72 hectares and built-up lands by 7448.42 hectares. Therefore, the possible trend of changes indicates an increase in the level of barren lands and built-up lands and a decrease in other land uses. The results of the present research highlighted the need to pay attention to the challenge of land use change in Mahabad county and can provide a proper understanding of the dimensions, trends and patterns of land use in the region to officials, researchers and local people.
Climatology
Mehdi pourahmad; mostafa karampour; behroz nasiri
Abstract
The aim of this study was to reveal the relationship between land cover changes and changes in aerosol optical depth index in the Middle Zagros. In this regard, two categories of MODIS sensor remote sensing products were used. First, land cover changes in the study area were performed using MODIS sensor ...
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The aim of this study was to reveal the relationship between land cover changes and changes in aerosol optical depth index in the Middle Zagros. In this regard, two categories of MODIS sensor remote sensing products were used. First, land cover changes in the study area were performed using MODIS sensor land use classification derivative product. In the second part of the research, the trends of dust events were investigated based on the station data of the dust codes of 4 stations of Khorramabad, Shahrekord, Yasuj and Abadeh. In addition, the trend of Aerosol Optical Depth Index (AOD) was examined using MOD04-L2 Madis sensor product for the statistical period 2000 to 2020. The results showed that there were 6 layers of rangeland, forest, agricultural, urban, residential, barren and water areas in the Central Zagros, in which the forest floor has decreased by about 123 square kilometers per year. Rangeland cover, which is the main cover of the study area, has remained relatively stable, and agricultural land uses have increased significantly, from 7% in 2000 to 9.5% in 2020. Urban and residential lands had also increased. On the other hand, a review of the 21-year time series trend of the AOD index indicates an upward trend over the last 21 years. Among the land use classes, the two categories of pastures and forests, which in fact occupy more than 90% of the study area, have shown an inverse relationship with the AOD index. But the class of agricultural lands was directly related to the AOD index. Therefore, the decreasing trend of forest floor in the region has been significantly associated with the increasing trend of AOD in the region and on the other hand, the increasing trend of agricultural land has been associated with the increase of AOD in the region.
Urban Planning
Akbar Rahimi; Ramin Nagshbandi
Abstract
Introduction
The growing trend of urbanization in developing countries like as Iran has led to a threefold increase in the urban population, with 54% of the world's population living in cities and projected to reach 66% by 2050. From 1950 to 2014, the world's population increased by 423 percent. The ...
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Introduction
The growing trend of urbanization in developing countries like as Iran has led to a threefold increase in the urban population, with 54% of the world's population living in cities and projected to reach 66% by 2050. From 1950 to 2014, the world's population increased by 423 percent. The willingness towards machine life is the rapid development of construction in urban areas, causing psychological pressures along with physical pressures on the living environment in urban spaces) and can be said that construction without limitation in cities has a negative impact on urban landscape preferences. Also, rapid population growth in cities has a negative reflection on the environment and urban the pollution of cities, environmental degradation, also the ecological balance of the environment, destruction Cover plants of urban and suburban areas (farmland, gardens) and the conversion of natural ground cover to the impermeable surfaces. It also has an impact on the urban ecosystems. The sequence of that urban dispersal takes place. Extravagant use of suburban lands has led to dramatic changes in the landscape of suburbs and city entrances. Today's entrances, which serve as only an element to determine the city's boundaries, are decorative elements that are located in the middle of the city's entryway and can be said to have no identity. Some of the most important actions carried out in the field of organization of entrance gates in Iranian cities are the construction of the Boulevard and the Blvd and often has been added to the problems of these fields. The lack of proper city management, on the other hand, has led to undesirable uses at the entrance of cities that limit the attractiveness of tourism and the use of natural elements and make visual and environmental disturbances more evident.
The importance of urban landscapes has been revealed to everyone with its many benefits, so planning for urban landscape design is one of the most important issues in ecology and urban landscape. Landscapes are important in human life activities and how they affect the quality of our life. However, strategies for urban landscape management have been developed by experts and the perception of people from the urban landscape is often ignored. The European Landscape Convention (ELC) mentioned that people’s perceptions are the main factor in the assessment and planning of the landscape because general people think in a different way than experienced designers’ do. Studies show that human judgment is instinctive so that prospects for suitable for survival are more preferred. These responses are usually unconscious and immediate. So, in planning and managing public spaces, they need to be considered and understood by users of these.
The need to integrate public perception and expert approaches into landscape management processes can help improve the urban because the use of urban sights is a expect if the reality is not coordinated, it leads to incompatibility between space and citizens. It is obvious that recognizing the desires of people and their preferences is not only an educational challenge, but also vital for policymaking and implementation, and in addition to creating more attractive neighborhoods and promoting environmental services. In this way, urban spaces can be gained better acceptance and satisfaction by people of society. Evidence shows that in Iran, public perception of urban landscapes, especially at city entrances, has not been addressed at all, and therefore, this study attempts to examine the perceptions of people who use the entrances to Saqqez city in order to improve their perceptions. Environmental quality from the perspective of the indigenous peoples of Saqez, travelers, and tourists.
Materials & Methods
study area
The city of Saqqez is located in the northwest of Sanandaj City (center of the province) and approximately 190 kilometers. The city of Saqqez has located between orbit 36 degrees 13 minutes to 36 degrees 16 minutes north latitude and 46 degrees 14 minutes 46 degrees 17 minutes east longitude. The city of Saqqez, with a population equal to 168.258, has also been divided into 22 neighborhoods and 8 districts.The city of Saqqez has 4 entrances; it has one entrance to Sanandaj to the south-east, 1 to Boukan to the north, 1 to Baneh to the west and 1 inlet in the northwest of the city where this entry is a rural entrance, which in this study will examine three main entrances of the city Used.
Questionnaire Structure
The questionnaire is divided into three sections. The first section contains demographic information. Before scoring each landscape scene, the participants had to indicate their personal socio-demographic information; marital status, age, education level, monthly income, and city of residence. Finally, the third section deals with the independent and dependent variables of the research. The questionnaire was designed based on the Likert spectrum and is structurally closed.
Scene Evaluation
The studies’ photographs were collected during the summers of 2018. All photographs in the studies were taken on sunny to partly sunny days from 10 am to 4 pm to avoid large differences in lighting. They were taken from approximately 5 feet above the ground from streets or sidewalks. A total of 40 images were selected and presented as a booklet. All 12 pictures related to one entrance and 2 photos of the beginning of each section and 2 final pictures were not considered in the analysis. participants were asked to evaluate the images on a 5-Point Likert-type Scale (Very nice + 2, beautiful +1, normal 0, ugly -1 and very ugly -2). The purpose of having two extra scenes at the beginning was to make the participants familiar with the photo rating procedure, whereas the two extra photos at the end of the photo-questionnaire served to prevent the participants from anticipating, which could render them easier. Finally, the images were calculated using the formula below.
Survey Population and Sample Size
The most relevant formula and a suitable solution would be the formula proposed by Mitra and Lankford (1999). This formula significantly prevents error by reducing the sampling error and increasing the confidence level, while at the same time reducing the non-sampling error. We assumed the standard deviation to be equal to 2.88, with the sampling size amounting to 300 persons. as a result, the sampling size amounted to 300 persons.
e = √ (P (1-P)/n); P = 50% and e = 2.88% 2.88% = √ (50 %( 1-50%)/n) → n = 300
Sampling Method, Survey Duration and Data analysis
During the spring months 2018, 300 entrance in Saqqez City users, aged 18 to 75, were randomly selected to answer a questionnaire containing 20 questions, using the booklet. The questionnaire was distributed every day at 8 am to 8 pm. These hours constitute the most frequently visited times of urban entrance. The data collected from the questionnaire survey were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), no. 20.
Discussion of Results
Examine people's preferences
The mean of the dependent variables of the research required to create an appropriate environment and to improve the quality of the environment are "public service, tourist, traffic, law enforcement, and green space. Green space with a mean of 4.40 was the top priority, and tourist destinations with a mean of 4.23 were.
Prioritizing independent variables from people's perspective
Friedman's test was used to prioritize independent variables from the viewpoints of indigenous people, travelers, and tourists in Saqqez City. Prioritizing independent variables is the indicator that it can have a positive impact on different applications within the city's entry range of those users. Green walkways in the range with an average rating of 8.20 as the first proper use of the entrance axis could have the most impact, creating parks or recreational or resorts with an average rating of 8.12 was the second most preferred, but there are repair shops and industrial applications with a mean rating of 2.62 was the lowest preference. The results also showed that the priority of independent variables of people is completely different and not at a level where the mentioned test was significant at the error level of 0.05 (P < 0.05).
People's preferences for independent variables according to demographic characteristic
People's preferences for independent variables were adjusted according to age, education level, marital status and residence in the form of sequential variables. Kruskal-Wallis test for age and level of education was used to compare the independent variables of the study, and the Mann-Whitney test for marital status and residence was used to compare the independent variables of the study. The results show that the choice of some variables (95% and 99% confidence level) was significant, which means that people with age, education, marital status, and different residence have the same priority in relation to variables. Top of form
Mean Description of Preference
Respondents' preferences at the entrances to Saqqez show That scenes 12, 16, and 34 are the most preferred scenes for the City entrances Saqqez. Sanandaj entrance Scene 12 (M = 3.50, SD= 1.050, pt=269) followed by bukan Entrance scene 16 (M = 4.08, s. d= 0.943, pt=324) and baneh Entrance scene 34 (M =4.06, SD= 0.929 pt=319). The favorable criteria natural landscapes, wide visibility, the presence of green spaces, Plant, elements and urban signs and service use in the desirability of spaces are important factors. But at the entrance to Sanandaj Scene 2 (M = 1.32, SD= 0.173, pt=-503) followed by bukan Entrance scene 15 (M = 1.40, s. d= 0.767, pt=-480) and baneh Entrance scene 32 (M =1.151, SD= 0.832 pt=-448) have the least preferred.The presence of visual turbulence by the waste collection center, range vendors and industrial applications, environmental degradation, lack of green space and lack of identity were the least effective preference. Bottom of Form
Conclusions
According to the results obtained from the present study, suitable land uses have been selected by the people from the perspective of Green walkways as the first priority of land use planning. In this regard, various studies show that green walkways or green trails contribute to the provision of multiple ecosystem services, protection, and conservation of biodiversity in cities. Tourists and travelers in the city of Saqqez have chosen the parks or recreational parks as a second priority in landscaping the entrances. Urban parks have been one of the most important cities. Top of form bottom of Form Urban parks are the main points of the cities. Green spaces, especially urban parks, give the community a wide range of environmental, psychological, social and economic benefits depending on their performance. The third priority of the people to use in landscaping entrances is "health centers". Health is one of the first basic needs of human societies for health and can be said to be an important part of one's social needs. Therefore, equal access to the primary health services for all social and economic groups of security and control with the aim of improving the quality of life and health of citizens is of the most important duties of Governments.
The lowest priority of the people is among the users from the perspective of entrances to "repair shop and industrial applications". Research has shown that the establishment of industrial and repair shops at the entrance axis is unauthorized due to the visual pollution they create, and it is suggested that they are transferred to the second layer. Or that these observations are covered with vegetation. Previous studies have demonstrated that different people could have different perceptions of landscape visual quality. Socio-economic and demographic characteristics significantly affect individuals’ preferences. Landscape preferences show in the entrances of cities, the existence of handmade objects such as houses, buildings in agricultural farms and index changes affect the preference of negative impact, but water, plant cover, shrubs, and trees have a positive impact on the viewpoint and study of verification of this issue.
All other Geographic fields of studies , Interdisciplinary
Shohreh Abdoalmohamdi; Alireza Ildoromi; Mosayeb Heshmati
Abstract
Introduction Land use change generally has a serious impact on the rate Organic matter and other properties Physical and chemical soils.So that today, the study of the effects of land use change on soil characteristics in watersheds is one of the important and important topics for researchers. ...
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Introduction Land use change generally has a serious impact on the rate Organic matter and other properties Physical and chemical soils.So that today, the study of the effects of land use change on soil characteristics in watersheds is one of the important and important topics for researchers. Pichakd, (2017) Khatir Pasha et al. (2017) examined the effect of land use change on soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics in Qalaq forest of the city.The results showed that the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil were significantly different between different uses and the dynamics of nitrogen could be affected by changes in forest uses. Data and colleagues (2015) concluded by examining the characteristics of sodium soils and organic carbon components in various uses in northwestern India That's in all usesAs the depth increases, bulk density, the amount of silt and clay, and the pH and electrical conductivity of the soil increase The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of land use change on the physical and chemical properties of soil in the Kermanshah Helshi watershed. Methodology The Halshi watershed is part of the Qarasu basin with an area of about 7356.65 hectares, which is located 30 km southeast of Kermanshah..In this research, first, using topographic maps of the region and satellite images, the land use map of the region was prepared in three classes of agriculture, forest and rangeland.In the next step, based on land use maps, topography (slope, direction, height), geology, soil hydrology, land capability, erosion of soil sampling points in the study area in Arc GIS 9.3 software environment are specified and according to the conditions. Homogeneity and area of each land use at a shallow depth of about 0-20 cm 38 soil samples including 18 samples in agricultural lands, 10 samples in rangeland lands and 10 samples in Forest lands Accidentally harvested and the geographical characteristics of each soil sample were recorded by GPS. The soil samples were then transferred to the laboratory after drying in the open air and the physical and chemical properties were evaluated using one-way variance (ANOVA) and SAS software. Discussion and results According to the results of statistical analysis and the meanings obtained from clay, silt and sand ratio in the samples of soil tested, the type of soil texture in agricultural use is more than clay and loamy-clay type, rangeland lands with loamy texture and lands. It is a clay-silty forest, Due to land use change, soil texture has changed from clay-silt in the forest to clay in agriculture.Reducing the stability of aggregate in agricultural use compared to two uses Rangelands and forests can be considered due to tillage operations and reduction of soil organic matter, which indicates unsustainable use in these lands.Average pH in agricultural use, Rangelands and forests show that these parameters do not change significantly in different uses and are the same.The existence of geological formations, especially lime and carbonates (karstic lime), and climatic conditions, physicochemical decomposition and material erosion, has increased and concentrated the amount of surface lime.The results show that forest use has the highest amount of organic carbon than both agricultural and rangeland use. The percentage of nitrogen in the surface layer in agricultural and rangeland use is lower than forest use, indicating that land use change from forest to agricultural reduces soil nitrogen.The average amount of potassium that can be absorbed by the surface layer of rangeland is higher than that of agriculture and forestry. But this difference was not statistically significantBased on the results of the Mean Comparison Test (ANOVA), it shows that land use change has led to changes in soil quality and some physical and organic carbon parameters of the soil. Results In general, the results of this study showed that conversion and change Land, especially from Rangelands and forests to agriculture and consequently Continuous cultivation on these lands leads to the destruction of some of the optimal physical and chemical properties of the soil.According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that land use change can reduce the appearent specific weieght in agricultural lands, increasing the amount of sand used. Rangelands, increasing the aggregate stability and organic carbon soils in forest lands, reducing the amount of organic matter in arable land, increasing potassium Rangelands, increased phosphorus in arable land, increased organic carbon in the forest, increased electrical conductivity in agricultural use.The results of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the change in rangeland and forest use had the greatest impact on soil characteristics and the stability of aggregate aggregate stability and organic carbon in forest use made the most difference .Therefore, land use change, especially from Forest andRangelands To Agriculture affects soil properties and leads to soil degradation and reduction of nutrients.
Urban Planning
AKRAM TAFAKORI; Hamidreza Varesi
Abstract
Introduction Metropolises, along with internal transformation and structural changes, produce new spatial forms and processes that, although seemingly different, have essentially the same logic of formation. This spatial logic is based on a chain of "exclusion" and "integration" processes that is the ...
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Introduction Metropolises, along with internal transformation and structural changes, produce new spatial forms and processes that, although seemingly different, have essentially the same logic of formation. This spatial logic is based on a chain of "exclusion" and "integration" processes that is the result of the functions of these structural transformations. This dual process is the main mechanism of spatial development of metropolises. In Iran, there are metropolises that have faced with the problem of the growth of cities and settlements. The rapid growth of urban population, the growing trend of land use and unbalanced location of settlements make the need for management and planning for sustainable development. Today, Tehran, as a national metropolis, has faced with a large number of settlements around it. This study aims to find out what has the role of influential forces in urban land policies and consequently Damavand urban growth been. Therefore, in order to answer this question, it has explained the growth pattern of the city above as a city in the east around the metropolis of Tehran with emphasis on urban land policies. Methodology The current research is consistent with the descriptive-analytical method and is considered as an applied research. In this research, the method of receiving information is in the field of library-documentation. The statistical population of this study is the city of Damavand since the way of growth and growth pattern of this city have been considered in this research. First, the government policies in the field of land use in Damavand city are explained, then the trend of changes in the structure of Damavand city in the period 1366-1366 using the automatic cell model is analyzed and finally, the physical growth trends of the city in the period 1396-1410 has been stimulated. Results and Discussion Damavand city is generally one of the summer areas around Tehran and is located in the foothills of Damavand mountains. Due to its geographical location and summer, as well as being located on the main road Tehran-Firoozkooh-Mazandaran in recent years, especially in the part of Gilavand ،Damavand city has developed significantly. The results of the study show that the city of Damavand in the early years of urban growth (1987) had an irregular and scattered pattern. Continuation of urban growth until 2003 has not been able to make much change in its urban growth pattern and urban growth is still scattered and irregular. But urban growth in the years 1382-1382 has experienced a different aspect. Urban growth in these years has not only happened very fast, but also in certain directions and has been more regular. This growth is mostly on the northwest and southeast sides and has been along the Tehran road. The more interesting point in the urban growth of Damavand in the years between 1382-1386 is that the southwest side has had faster urban growth; in this part of the city lie Mehr housing lands, so under the influence of government policies, urban growth towards the capital has occurred. Conclusion The study of urban growth patterns in many developing countries according to the specific socio-economic conditions of countries shows that scientific management and planning should be based on a proper understanding of the spatio-temporal processes of urban growth. The city of Tehran, as the most important city in the country since the beginning of the new era, affected the surrounding settlements and these settlements were directly and indirectly affected by the physical-economic and social changes in Tehran; especially since the 1350s, Tehran's continuous development has given way to separate development and access to surrounding settlements. In general, it can be concluded that urban land policies have been one of the most important factors in the formation of Damavand urban growth patterns, in other words, government forces through the development of rules and regulations, the preparation of urban development plans, assignment of land and housing in the form of preparation plans show their roles in the formation of urban growth patterns in Damavand.
Urban Planning
safar ghaedrahmati; Babak Azimi Neya
Abstract
Density with increased population and disregarding social, economic, spatial-physical and environmental effects caused some problems that attracted the attention of urban planners and managements in metropolises such as Tehran. This problem is attention by urban planner and urban management. The proper ...
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Density with increased population and disregarding social, economic, spatial-physical and environmental effects caused some problems that attracted the attention of urban planners and managements in metropolises such as Tehran. This problem is attention by urban planner and urban management. The proper framework of density (population density, high density, and land use density) at nine areas of 4 district of Tehran municipality seeks in this paper. And effect of density on earthquake vulnerability is study. This is an applied research; and research scrutiny methods are correlation, multivariate regression and fuzzy models. Data collected by documentary and survey methods. Research objectives include identifying density status (population, high, and land use) and discovering the relation between density level (population, high, and land use) and earthquake vulnerability and finally analyzing the effects of increased density (population, high, and land use) on earthquake vulnerability at municipality of Tehran (4 District). Research results show that it is necessary to consider three types of population, land use, and high densities in studying urban density. Moreover, fuzzy approach in urban density data normalization is one of the best approaches in urban vulnarability. In this regard, using fuzzy simple additive weighted method (FSAW) revealed that 7zone (density rank: 6.43), 8zone (density rank: 7.46), and 9zone (density rank: 8) at 4 district of Tehran obtained the lowest density rank; whereas, the highest mean density rank attributed to 6zone (density rank: 1.46) and 5zone (density rank: 2.48), respectively.
Geomorphology
Mohammadreza Rezaei Moghaddam; Khalil Valizadeh Kamran; Soghra Andaryani; Farhad Almaspoor
Volume 19, Issue 52 , June 2015, , Pages 163-183
Abstract
Land use and land cover maps are necessary for planning and natural resources management. In the way, remote sensing data have special place because of providing update data, repetitive covers and low cost images. Therefore Optimum Land Image/ Thermal Infrared Sensor were used to map land-use and land-cover ...
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Land use and land cover maps are necessary for planning and natural resources management. In the way, remote sensing data have special place because of providing update data, repetitive covers and low cost images. Therefore Optimum Land Image/ Thermal Infrared Sensor were used to map land-use and land-cover in 1 and 2 level. Because of, this images are new thus radiometric correct was used ERDAS software model maker. Also Normalize Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Bare Soil Index (BI) and Principal Component Analyze (PCA) were used as inputs to improve classification accuracy. On the other hand kernels functional and polynomial ranks of Support Vector Machine method evaluated in side others bands and the best result of SVM method compared with Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The results indicated that SVM method has accuracy: 92% with Kappa Coefficient: 0.91 and ANN method has accuracy: 89% with kappa coefficient: 0.87 also SVM method has a good performance in the regions that, classes show similar spectral behavior.
Iesa Jokar Sarhanghi; Hosein Jabbari
Volume 19, Issue 51 , April 2015, , Pages 81-105
Abstract
It is impractical to exactly uncover the degree of potential of the areas for the land use purposes. However, the application of fuzzy logic, as a mathematical modeling logic of imprecise and vague processes, can pave the way so as to do processing modeling and to determine the ecological potential. ...
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It is impractical to exactly uncover the degree of potential of the areas for the land use purposes. However, the application of fuzzy logic, as a mathematical modeling logic of imprecise and vague processes, can pave the way so as to do processing modeling and to determine the ecological potential. In the present research the ecological urban development model of West Azerbaijan was considered as the basis and performed using fuzzy logic. The fuzzification of ecological resources maps and indeed fuzzy inference system in geographic information systems (GIS) is a way of determining the fuzzy membership degree and the overlapping of different layers for urban development. The results of the ecological evaluation of urban development and analysis of fuzzy logic strengths and weaknesses as compared to implementation of Makhdoom model illustrated that the fuzzy inference engine in the geographic information systems can yield much real output particularly in the sides of borders which form the ecological resources maps. Finally, this study invites further economic, social, and modeling studies in the issues of assigning lands for different usages
Asghar Zarabi; Meysam Rezaei; Behnam Naderi; Behrooz Karimi
Volume 18, Issue 50 , February 2015, , Pages 207-234
Abstract
Following the emigrant increasing and city population growth in the world especially in developing countries, the land use has special importance. Because by dedicating the land to essential uses, we can assure the major purposes in urban planning like: health, beauty, welfare, etc. In this research, ...
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Following the emigrant increasing and city population growth in the world especially in developing countries, the land use has special importance. Because by dedicating the land to essential uses, we can assure the major purposes in urban planning like: health, beauty, welfare, etc. In this research, we have tried to analyze and study the land use of Kazeroon city as the view point of quality and quantity, localizing and compatibility and concord then with popular standard per capita in urban plans.
The research method in current study is descriptive-analytical. Information needed for this research was obtained through field research, library research, interviews, map 1/2000 and map 1/25000 Kazeooun city. The data analysis was done by using AHP models and index overlaps in GIS medium. The results of this study show that only four cases of these uses have per capita higher than standard level. But other uses have special shortages and among them, transportation and warehouse and green land uses have some problems from the view point of quality like: spatial distribution, desirability, compatibility etc. with, regard to per capita shortage in existing condition (1385) and also population prediction for time horizon of 1400, the essential area for each uses in existing condition and in year 1400 have been evaluated and the suitable limits to make new uses presented.
Laila Sharifi; Ali akbar Rasuli; Mirasadoullah Hejazi; Hashem Roastamzade
Volume 17, Issue 44 , September 2013, , Pages 203-214
Abstract
Over time, patterns of land Use changes and consequently the land use are essentially altered. Thus for efficient using of capabilities of natural resources, finding detailed information about potential of land uses is necessary. Nowadays, remote sensing technology as a valuable approach to identify ...
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Over time, patterns of land Use changes and consequently the land use are essentially altered. Thus for efficient using of capabilities of natural resources, finding detailed information about potential of land uses is necessary. Nowadays, remote sensing technology as a valuable approach to identify natural resources, particularly in the process of preparing land use plans in different regions of the world are documented scientifically. On this basis, for studying the land use changes of Tabriz county during 2010, 2007, 2001, 1989; TM 1989, ETM 2001&+2010, IRS 2007 images were processed and classified by an object-oriented technique. Then, bypre-classification comparing method, all changes were displayed during time period. The results show that the rate of changes over periods of 1989-2001, 2001-2007, 2007-2010, 1989-2010 are about 60.80, 66.30, 56.80, 56.40 percent respectively, so that vegetation cover and the water surfaces had the maximum changes. Meanwhile the most using conversion had happened on built-up lands.
