Climatology
Yagob Dinpashoh; Saeid Jahanbakhsh-Asl; Asma Azadeh Garebagh
Abstract
In this study the values of potential reference crop evapotranspiration were calculated using the FAO-56 Penman Monteith method in six stations located in southern shores of Caspian Sea. Trends in annual ET0 values of the stations were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test. Then to determine the relative ...
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In this study the values of potential reference crop evapotranspiration were calculated using the FAO-56 Penman Monteith method in six stations located in southern shores of Caspian Sea. Trends in annual ET0 values of the stations were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test. Then to determine the relative importance of climatic variables on ET0 in a certain station factor analysis conducted. To do this, correlation matrix (R) of seven variables also called similarity matrix was constructed. The significance of correlation coefficients were tested. Results of trends in ET0 showed that in all the stations (except Noshahr) trends of annual ET0 were upward and significant. The slopes of trend lines were positive in all the stations. Factor analysis showed that the first two factors accounted the total variance in the range of 56.5 per cent in the Rasht to 79.6 per cent in the Sari. The largest loading of the first factor is attributed to sunshine hours in the station Rasht, however, it was maximum air temperature in all other sites. In the case of the second factor, the largest loading belonged to wind speed (in Rasht, Gorgan, Sari and Noshahr) and precipitation (in Ramsar and Astara). The findings of this study can be helpful in optimum management of regional water resources.
Urban Planning
Shahrivar rostaei; Shiva Alizadeh
Abstract
Introduction Spatial and regional inequalities are rooted in many issues, including; Implementing wrong policies by the center in the direction of zoning, Budget distribution and facilities, Improper administrative and political divisions and inconsistencies between different organizations to provide ...
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Introduction Spatial and regional inequalities are rooted in many issues, including; Implementing wrong policies by the center in the direction of zoning, Budget distribution and facilities, Improper administrative and political divisions and inconsistencies between different organizations to provide better services and perform assigned tasks, The concentration of population and facilities and immigration has increased in some places, which causes polarization and reduces facilities, Lack of optimal allocation of resources and credits and lack of proper regional policy in this field and finally these discrepancies and differences in different regions have eliminated sufficient integration and coherence for the evolution of development and it has highlighted the existing divisions and differences in all areas of development, and this trend has a definite and inevitable effect on the city, region and province. And it automatically transforms development policies, albeit correctly, and provides barriers to sustainable development. In this study, considering that in the province of West Azerbaijan, there is inequality and lack of optimal distribution of facilities and resources with the focus on facilities and services in the first dominant city, divergence and development gap between regions. It tries to collect various indicators and metrics in the fields of economics, social, physical, health-treatment and services to determine the extent to which the cities of West Azerbaijan province have convenience, facilities, etc. And with the help of common techniques for analyzing regional inequality to achieve balanced development, efforts are being made to determine which facilities and convenience are available in which cities, and in which cities these facilities and conveniences are scarce. The purpose of this article is to measure spatial justice in the distribution of public services among the cities of West Azerbaijan Province. To achieve the goal of the research, the main question is whether there is inequality between 17 cities of West Azerbaijan province in terms of spatial distribution of services? And we are trying to answer this question. Methodology: The research method used in this paper is based on descriptive-analytical method. Various documentary-library methods have been used to gather information. In order to achieve the objectives of this research, it extracted raw data from the statistical yearbook of 1392 and then converted the raw data into an index, which finally added 41 indicators to the SPSS software to explain the measurement of spatial justice. And after analyzing 41 indicators, 10 factors have finally emerged. Population, educational, cultural, health, religious, medical services, services (telephone, electricity), education (for exceptional children), health (laboratory), socio-cultural, social and welfare are divided into demographic factors. In this article, the statistical population are 17 cities of West Azerbaijan. To analyze the data using the factor analysis method used, in factor analysis, it is argued that whenever a number of variables are correlated with the subject under study, they are also correlated with each other. If the correlation between the variables is low, they do not appear to be contributing factors. Results and discussion: Educational agents for Boukan, Naqadeh and Urmia counties are ranked 1 to 3, respectively. And demographic factors for Urmia, Miandoab and Khoy counties are ranked 1 to 3, respectively. Health-cultural factor that Poldasht, Makovarumieh counties are ranked 1 to 3, respectively. Religious factor for Chaypareh, Miandoab and Shahin Dej counties are ranked 1-3 respectively. The ratio of registered religious delegations and the reliance on operational factors are at a high level, ie they are at a high level of significance, which is why this factor has been named as a religious factor. Therapeutic services for Mako, Chaldoran, Salmas counties are ranked 1 to 3, respectively. The ratios of active medical institutions, general practitioners, and rehabilitation centers are at a high level. This means that they are at a high level of significance, which is why this factor has been named as a factor in medical services. Service agent for Sardasht, Takab, Chaypareh counties are ranked 1 to 3, respectively. Educational agent for exceptional students for Piranshahr, Chaipareh and Oshnoyeh counties are ranked 1 to 3, respectively. Laboratory agents for Shahin Dej, Khoy and Chaldoran counties are ranked 1 to 3, respectively. The socio-cultural factors of Urmia, Oshnavieh and Boukan counties are ranked 1 to 3, respectively, and the social and welfare factors of Urmia, Chaypareh and Chaldoran counties are ranked 1 to 3, respectively. Conclusion: The leveling results of the cities showed that the cities of West Azerbaijan province were in unbalanced conditions; And since this leveling has been done in relation to the population and the area, we find that there is a significant relationship between the population of the cities and the area and level of public services. According to these results, the cities of Urmia, Khoy, Naghadeh are ranked first to third, respectively, and the cities of Piranshahr, Takab, and Buchan are ranked the last, respectively.
Geotourism
Esmaeil Nasiri hendkhaleh; Robab Hoseinzadeh; Esmaeel Safar alizadeh
Abstract
Abstract Today, tourism development as a profitable activity, in the countries planning, is in priority. But tourism development is needed to infrastructure development. usually in third world countries, focusing tourism infrastructure in major cities and provincial capitals, lads to tourism development ...
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Abstract Today, tourism development as a profitable activity, in the countries planning, is in priority. But tourism development is needed to infrastructure development. usually in third world countries, focusing tourism infrastructure in major cities and provincial capitals, lads to tourism development in big cities, and towns, even villages with high potential which have little interest from its advantages. So identifying development level of cities, in terms of tourism infrastructure can be efficient method to planning for less developed regions. This research method is descriptive-analytical, trying to analyze tourism infrastructure in the cities of west azerbaijan province. To this purpose, 14 variables were selected in the field of tourism infrastructure using factor analysis techniques have been analyzed with SPSS software. Variables declined two influenced factors and finally cities were ranked by resulting scores of combined index, then development levels for each city was identified. The results indicate that, Urmia city in terms of having the infrastructure is in priority, Khoy city is second, and cities of showt and poldasht have been ranked in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth. This Fact indicated that, there is heterogeneity in this province. So that, Urmia city is as quite developed and the city of Khoy and Sardasht, developed and cities of Chaldoran, maku, Mahabad, Salamas, Miandoab, Nagadeh and Bukan are developing, while other cities are underdeveloped. Between the rank of each city in terms of its infrastructure and tourist attractions, there is a positive relationship
Shahrivar Rustaee; Mohsen Ahadnejad; Akbar Asgharizamani; Alireza Zangane; Shahram Saeedi
Volume 19, Issue 53 , September 2015, , Pages 137-166
Abstract
Abstract Informal Settlements, resulting from swift urbanization in the contemporary world and the socioeconomic inequalities across regions, have made cities-especially metropolises like Kermanshah, Iran- face a great deal of problems. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the informal settlements ...
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Abstract Informal Settlements, resulting from swift urbanization in the contemporary world and the socioeconomic inequalities across regions, have made cities-especially metropolises like Kermanshah, Iran- face a great deal of problems. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the informal settlements of Dolat Abad and Shater Abad in Kermanshah. To this end, an analytic-quantitative method with an applied approach was used, and the statistical population of the research consisted of Dolat Abad and Shater Abad settlements, based in western and eastern Kermanshah, respectively. So, the information on the statistical blocks in 2006 and 30 indexes, changed into three combined factors, were analyzed by factor analysis, Arc/GIS and Arc/View Software. As for Dolat Abad settlement, the results showed that 20 blocks (11.1% of the population) had appropriate states in terms of poverty, and 31 (17.2%), 57 (31.7%), 50 (27.8%) and 16 blocks (8.9%) held relatively appropriate, average, relatively inappropriate and inappropriate states in terms of poverty, respectively. Furthermore, the results of evaluation of poverty in Shater Abad settlement demonstrated that 12 blocks (4.5% of the population) had inappropriate states in terms of poverty, and 74 (28%), 92 (34.8%), 60 (22.7%) and 13 blocks (4.9%) held relatively inappropriate, average, relatively appropriate and appropriate states in terms of poverty, respectively. In addition, the results of the present study suggested that the residential blocks based in Kermanshah were sites for manifestation of social, economic, cultural and structural distinctions. These settlements symbolize poverty and go through a different process in terms of dynamics, and more to the point, the existence of inequality across the urban areas of Kermanshah has led to spatial, social and economic segregation. Not to mention, the results of the present work were dependent on the applied indexes, which may be affected through applying other ones.
Samaneh Mosayebi; seyead skandar Seydayee; Ali Zangabadi; Alireza Rahimi
Volume 18, Issue 47 , April 2014, , Pages 197-213
Abstract
Increasing young population along with unemployment rates compared to previous years is one of the most serious challenges, and controversial for employment in the country. Understanding the employment and unemployment condition, perceived strengths and weaknesses and deficiencies in the employment planning ...
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Increasing young population along with unemployment rates compared to previous years is one of the most serious challenges, and controversial for employment in the country. Understanding the employment and unemployment condition, perceived strengths and weaknesses and deficiencies in the employment planning and human development has necessary impacts. However, a major concern of the province of Esfahan is the issue of employment and unemployment and its consequences.
Therefore the issue of employment and unemployment in the province was studied, and the affective factors are explained in this field, in order assess to the possibility of developing a comprehensive management for employment in the Province. The main objective of the study is to clear social inequalities in the employment field with regards to distribution facilities in Esfahan Province. The application of 36 variables was used and these variables were reduced to 5 through factor analysis. Then the cities were divided into 4 homogeneous classes through cluster analysis. The research results indicate that there are severe imbalances in towns. Out of that Esfahan town had the best conditions of employment index, while Khansar town was in the last row being the excluded town.
seyead hossein Mirmousavi; Neda Khaefi; Hoshang Abakhti Gharoosi
Volume 18, Issue 47 , April 2014, , Pages 215-233
Abstract
Classification of weather and climate are important in affecting each region. One of the ways is to identify areas of climate information. In order to conduct this study, annual data from 22 synoptic stations in two provinces of Kermanshah and Kordestan for 12 climate variables during the 20-year period ...
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Classification of weather and climate are important in affecting each region. One of the ways is to identify areas of climate information. In order to conduct this study, annual data from 22 synoptic stations in two provinces of Kermanshah and Kordestan for 12 climate variables during the 20-year period (1989-2008) were used. To increase accuracy, seven synoptic stations from neighboring provinces were selected. After performing factor analysis in 22 stations related to climate change both in Kermanshah and Kordestan, the internal correlation of their results was examined which show that climate in these two provinces, was almost under the influence of 6 factors climatic. These 6 factors justify about 91 percent of climate behavior the study area. These factors include: temperature, precipitation, humidity, clouds, thunder, wind and dust. By applying a hierarchical clustering method and Ward integration method, the elements of climate stations were divided into 5 clusters.
Saeadali Alavy; Moslem Aghayary; Taghy Heidary
Volume 16, Issue 42 , March 2013, , Pages 199-221
Abstract
Housing sector has been the emergence of several problems that have frequently been imposed on other sectors of society, and caused the imbalance which has provided. One of the issues consistently raised in the housing sector and with non- regular sequence is repeated, Spiraling house prices have been ...
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Housing sector has been the emergence of several problems that have frequently been imposed on other sectors of society, and caused the imbalance which has provided. One of the issues consistently raised in the housing sector and with non- regular sequence is repeated, Spiraling house prices have been raising tide that has brought to their numerous problems. Several factors seem to increase housing prices and excessive wave formation and its role is increasing. The consultative research in this subject that has been done to the descriptive analysis. The use of descriptive studies and professor of library research required information is collected; the analytical part of the main factors determining the effects and consequences of the excessive increase in housing prices, Survey and statistical analysis was performed. Results from statistical analysis of survey data, The opinions of elites and experts were used for housing, Has shown that the components of social variables (Social) to explain the effect of social factors-cultural, with a correlation coefficient (0.84) the greatest impact on increasing housing prices in the study area is irregular. The physical variables-physical and administrative, respectively, with correlation coefficients (0.66 & 0.61) in the second semester has been. On the contrary, the component of economic variables (Economic) from the perspective of housing expert’s minimal impact on housing prices in metropolitan Tehran has been. Thus, despite these variables with correlation coefficient (0.45) is still dedicated to its role , the effect is not seen as a weak , irregular and increased housing prices , along with other factors have played.
