Rural Planning
Moslem Savari; farshad Razmavar
Abstract
This study was conducted with the general purpose of developing strategies for the use of renewable energy in the agricultural sector in Bushehr province. In this study, first, using analytical studies and literature, the subject of the four SWOT points, namely strength, weakness, opportunity and threat, ...
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This study was conducted with the general purpose of developing strategies for the use of renewable energy in the agricultural sector in Bushehr province. In this study, first, using analytical studies and literature, the subject of the four SWOT points, namely strength, weakness, opportunity and threat, were identified and prioritized using the AHP technique. The statistical population of the study were subject-aware experts and specialists in relevant organizations who were purposefully selected for the study. Data analysis was performed using SWOT-AHP technique using Expert Choice software. Findings showed that in evaluating the criteria, strengths, weaknesses, threats, opportunities were the first to fourth priorities that the weights obtained from the results of these points indicate the dominance of risky space over space. useful. In addition, in prioritizing strategic areas, the results showed that the first SO strategy is aggressive strategy (maximum-maximum), the second strategy is ST strategy is contingent strategy (maximum-minimum), the third WO strategy is adaptive strategy (minimum-maximum strategy). And finally, the last strategy in the subject under consideration is the WT strategy, that is, the defense strategy (at least - at least). In general, the results of this research can provide new insights for energy and environmental policy makers.
Urban Planning
احمد اسدی; Mohsen Ahadnejad Roshti
Abstract
Nowadays, due to the increasing growth of the population of cities, many issues and problems have plagued the cities. For this purpose, in order to face these issues and problems and realize the sustainability of cities, the human settlement organization has put forward the approach of urban prosperity ...
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Nowadays, due to the increasing growth of the population of cities, many issues and problems have plagued the cities. For this purpose, in order to face these issues and problems and realize the sustainability of cities, the human settlement organization has put forward the approach of urban prosperity with emphasis on the five dimensions of productivity, infrastructure development, quality of life, equality and social participation, and environmental sustainability. Considering the effect of the relationship between urban prosperity and sustainable development, the purpose of this research is to measurement of urban prosperity indicators in Zanjan city. In this regard, the research method is mixed (quantitative-qualitative) with practical purpose and analytical-exploratory nature. In order to analyze the data, structural equations based on variance with partial least squares method were used in Smart-pls software. Also, the statistical population of the research includes city managers, academic elites and experts on urban issues in Zanjan, and due to the unknown number of the statistical population, a sample size of 100 people has been determined using Cohen's method at a confidence level of 95%, and access to them is based on The non-random pattern is purposeful. The findings of the research show that among the indicators of urban prosperity in Zanjan, productivity and infrastructure indicators are the most feasible. Also, among the 25 investigated variables, only 5 variables are "proper access to all types of basic services (water, electricity, gas and telephone), stable personal and social security for all age-sex groups, suitable population density at different levels of the city, access to housing "Durable and proper collection and disposal of urban waste and wastewater" have a statistical value higher than 1.96 and were in good condition.
Urban Planning
Mousa Kamanroudi Kojouri; kamal rasouli; esmail isazade
Abstract
The excessive increase of cities and their uneven growth due to natural population growth and excessive migrations is one of the fundamental problems of our country's urban network. Cities grow differently, including internal or endogenous development, connected or continuous urban development, ...
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The excessive increase of cities and their uneven growth due to natural population growth and excessive migrations is one of the fundamental problems of our country's urban network. Cities grow differently, including internal or endogenous development, connected or continuous urban development, and detached urban development. However, the issue of importance is how physical growth and development are formed and the extent and manner of expansion of cities, which has brought various economic-social and primarily environmental consequences. The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the factors affecting the physical development of Piranshahr City and its environmental consequences for the future development of the city and to control and guide its determining factors and forces. To analyze the data from factor analysis methods, multivariate regression analysis (using SPSS software), as well as the use of Landsat 8 satellite images and the Crosstab model in the years 1365 to 1395 in two fifteen-year periods for the city of Piranshahr, and with The use of satellite image processing techniques and geographic information system have been evaluated and analyzed. The results of this article showed that the built area of Piranshahr city has increased from 144 hectares in 1365 to 958.77 hectares in 1395, which indicates a physical expansion of 6.5 times for this city, which is the result of population increase (natural growth - migration) and change of land use (agriculture, orchards, barren lands) to urban built lands.
Rural Planning
masoumeh noroozinezhad; majid yasouri; Ruhollah Oji
Abstract
Since villages are the main cells of Iran's economic life, so the stability of the rural economy is a vital corridor to achieve the stability of the national economy. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of recognizing the level of economic sustainability of the villages of Langroud ...
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Since villages are the main cells of Iran's economic life, so the stability of the rural economy is a vital corridor to achieve the stability of the national economy. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of recognizing the level of economic sustainability of the villages of Langroud county; The data collection tools in the present study include documentary methods in the form of libraries and field methods in the form of questionnaires. The statistical population of this study includes the Rural managers with 20 households and more in the county of Langroud and a total of 110 people in 7 rural areas of this city, which has been studied in a total number. In this study, in order to investigate the level of economic sustainability of villages, the sustainability barometer method was used. Binomial test was also used to compare the research components. The results showed that the level of economic stability in rural settlements of the city in the three components of justice, stability and welfare and finally, overall economic stability, were significantly different. The results of the level of sustainability of the studied components showed that economic justice, economic stability, economic welfare, and finally the economic sustainability of the villages in the region are at a weak level. In terms of the level of economic stability, the highest level has the villages of Klidbar, Sigarud, and the lowest level of economic stability have the villages of Fetideh and Koholboon.
Urban Planning
Amin Hamidi; Dariush Sattarzadeh; Nima Valizadeh; Lida Balilan Asl
Abstract
The aim of this research is to explain the indicators of urban morphology based on sustainable development and evaluate the level of sustainability of neighborhoods based on these indicators. The present research is of a research-applied type. The indicators used in the research are building age, building ...
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The aim of this research is to explain the indicators of urban morphology based on sustainable development and evaluate the level of sustainability of neighborhoods based on these indicators. The present research is of a research-applied type. The indicators used in the research are building age, building materials, building quality, fractal index, texture status index, sky view factor (SVF), proximity to the main street, proximity to public transportation, proximity to shopping centers, proximity to Education centers, Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Land Use Mixing. The results determined that Gol Park, Valiasr 1, Valiasr 3, Baghmishe Ghadim 3 are the neighborhoods with sustainable morphology. Also, Golkar, Valiasr 2, Kalantar Koocheh, Sangi Pol 1 and 2, Baghmishe Ghadim 1 and 2, Bilanko 1 and 2 are the neighborhoods with semi-sustainable morphology. In addition, the neighborhoods of Shahid Beheshti, Mullah Zeinal 1 and 2, Idealo 1 and 2, Yousefabad 1 to 3, Ghoshtkhaneh seylab 1 to 3, Valiasr 4, Abbasi 1 and 2 are the neighborhoods with unsustainable morphology. The results showed that neighborhoods with high social and economic status are generally sustainable neighborhoods and neighborhoods with low social and economic status and informal settlements including Shahid Beheshti alley, Mullah Zinal 1 and 2, Ideolo 1 and 2, Yousefabad 1 to 3, Ghoshtkhaneh seylab is 1 to 3, they are unsustainable. The total number of people living in neighborhoods with sustainable, semi-sustainable, and unsustainable morphology is 46.544, 79.603, and 89.851, respectively. Based on the results, texture status index, NDVI, and proximity to public transportation with weights of 0.18335, 0.12975, and 0.11036, respectively, are three essential indicators in explaining urban morphology.
shahrivar rostaei; Fariba Kouhi Gholghasem
Abstract
With the expansion of urbanization on the one hand and the increase in population on the other, children are being ignored in modern urban developments and the need to pay more attention to them in cities is felt. To this end, urban spaces that can meet tangible needs such as access to utilities, housing, ...
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With the expansion of urbanization on the one hand and the increase in population on the other, children are being ignored in modern urban developments and the need to pay more attention to them in cities is felt. To this end, urban spaces that can meet tangible needs such as access to utilities, housing, transportation and etc and intangible needs such as a sense of belonging, security and etc are essential for children This is called urban livability. Increasing the livability of cities is directly related to increasing the attractiveness of urban environments for citizens and can itself provide the basis for sustainable urban development. It is important to pay attention to children because they are future citizens of society and they create the link between the past and the future generations. The present study, by using futures study knowledge, identified key forces in the future of children's livability. In the first phase, using the Delphi method, we first identified some of the variables affecting the future status of urban living for children, Then we extracted 47 variables that were approved by experts and received the highest score. We divided these 47 variables into four environmental, physical, social, and economic groups. Then, using structural analysis method and creating a 47 * 47 matrix, these variables were compared using MICMAC software. Finally, 7 key forces were extracted that play the most important role in the future status of children's urban livability.
Urban Planning
atefeh farajollahi; mahamad reza pormahamdy; rahim heydari chianeh; Davod Mokhtari
Abstract
IntroductionIn recent years, the issue of sustainable development in urban areas has been one of the most important topics among researchers, professors and urban planning experts, and although many questions have been focused on what should be done and how to solve these challenges and how to do it. ...
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IntroductionIn recent years, the issue of sustainable development in urban areas has been one of the most important topics among researchers, professors and urban planning experts, and although many questions have been focused on what should be done and how to solve these challenges and how to do it. (Pourmohammadi, 2003: 1) But in reality, effective solutions are few and the need to renew the attitude to the city and, of course, urban planning, is more evident than ever. Cities face many challenges in the economic, social and environmental fields. At the same time, the increase in population along with the increasing proportion of urbanization has brought harmful consequences for cities. Continuation of such urban growth with social, economic, and environmental problems is critical and is a warning of urban instability, which in turn has severely affected livability in cities (Sasanpour et al., 2014: 29). In this regard, reducing social, cultural, service problems, strengthening the spirit of citizen participation in urban affairs, restoring peace, comfort and beauty to urban environments, implementing social justice effectively and restoring security in various dimensions, all in the hands of management It is an optimal city (Hosseinzadeh Dalir et al., 2012: 161). In this study, which has been conducted with the aim of studying the situation of livability in the regions of Tabriz, while comparatively comparing the situation of regions based on objective and subjective approaches, has identified the key components affecting the promotion of livability. The main question of the research is what is the situation of different areas of Tabriz in terms of livability? And what factors affect the improvement of livability in these areas?Data and MethodsDescriptive-analytical method and questionnaire tools (at two levels of citizens and experts) have been used. In this regard, one-sample t-test in SPSS software environment, Vicker's multi-attribute decision model and interaction / structural impact analysis method were used using Mick Mac software to analyze the data. The statistical population of this study was the residents of 10 districts of Tabriz, and the statistical sample was selected based on stratified sampling method and the proportion of population share of the regions using simple random sampling method.Results and DiscussionThe physical dimension, based on the opinions of experts and the sample t-test, has an average of 3.28, which is above average. The value of this dimension, according to citizens, is equal to 3.20 above average (theoretical average of 3). According to the opinions of the citizens of District 9 and according to the opinions of experts, District 1 is in the first place. The results of Vickor analysis also show the first rank of Region 2 in terms of viability. Regarding the effective factors obtained from Mick Mac software, the results show that the renovation of worn tissue and the improvement of marginal tissue are key influential factors.ConclusionIn the section of biodegradability analysis, based on objective criteria, 8 criteria were used and the areas were ranked according to their per capita related to urban uses using the Victor technique. The ranking of the regions is; Zones 2, 9, 5, 1, 6, 7, 3, 4, 9 and 10. Regarding the analysis of key factors affecting urban livability, cross-structural / structural analysis method was used. This was done in the Mic Mac software environment. The results show that in order of factors; Creating employment and sustainable income, renovating worn-out structures, improving suburban structures, providing adequate housing, developing green and open spaces, and providing infrastructure services are key factors. Considering this, it can be said that among the 10 areas of Tabriz metropolis, we are witnessing a spatial imbalance in terms of livability, and the optimal management of the mentioned cases plays an important role in eliminating this spatial imbalance. Based on this, it can be acknowledged that achieving viability requires an attitude similar to a living organism that people and place are two sides of this living organism.
Geotourism
asadollah hejazi; Mohammad Hossein Rezaei Moghaddam; zahra ghasemizadgonbad
Abstract
Introduction Ecotourism is one of the common types of tourism activities that has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. The ecotourism concept is based on the ideals of environmental protection and sustainable development and refers to a responsible journey to nature with an emphasis on ...
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Introduction Ecotourism is one of the common types of tourism activities that has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. The ecotourism concept is based on the ideals of environmental protection and sustainable development and refers to a responsible journey to nature with an emphasis on ensuring the improvement of local community life and environmental protection (Seifi and Janbaz, 2017: 479). Ecotourism has a deep connection with sustainable development, which stems from the interactions between tourists and the environment. Proper planning and management in order to develop ecotourism are essential to preserve and maintain the environmental richness of the region as well as the economic improvement of local people (Bunruamkaew and Murayama, 2011: 269). Iran is one of the countries that have a lot of potential for ecotourism development, however, studies show that Iran's natural tourism assets are vast array of scattered, unstabilized resources, and in some cases are on the verge of extinction. The main object of the current paper is to assess the ecotourism potentials and capabilities of the Margavar rural district of Urmia County in northwest of Iran. For this purpose, Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Fuzzy method have been used and ecotourism capabilities zoning map of the study area has been produced. Data and Method The current research is a Multicriteria-based study and the Analytic network process (ANP) method and Geographical Information System (GIS) has been used to analyse the data. Spatial criteria were clustered based on reviewing the background into five main groups including climate, human, topography, geology, and tourism and criteria have divided into these 5 groups. At first, the criteria map was prepared in the ArcGIS environment, then all the maps were reclassified with the Reclassify function. In the next step, the criteria maps are standardized with a Fuzzy linear function and the ANP model was run in Super Decisions software, and pairwise comparisons and related super matrices were calculated for the criteria and the relative weight of each criterion was obtained and the resulting weights were applied to maps. Finally, the weighted maps were combined each other using the 0.9 fuzzy gamma operator, and the Fuzzy ecotourism capability zoning map was produced in value 0 to 1. Results and Discussion After designing the network structure, matrices and related super-matrices were calculated and the relative weights of all criteria were determined. Results showed that temperature, geological structure, slope, rain, and tourism facilities have the most importance and weight in relation to the ecotourism ability of the study area, respectively. According to the ecotourism capabilities zoning map, the study area was divided into four class: completely suitable, relatively suitable, relatively unsuitable, and completely unsuitable. The resulting map analysis shows that areas located in the central and western parts of the region, which have a low slope percentage and also include rich pastures and natural tourist attractions, are in the completely suitable group. Furthermore, some parts of the study area have mountain slopes and difficult topographic conditions that are very difficult to access grouped in completely unsuitable lands for ecotourism activities. The final results of the study show that 14.50% of the study area is in the completely suitable class, 26.32% in the relatively suitable class, 27% in the relatively unsuitable class and 32.15% are in the completely unsuitable class Conclusion Research evaluations show that In general, Margavar rural district, both in terms of potential for the future development of ecotourism and in terms of Its current situation has a lot of potential in this regard in terms of receiving a large number of tourists That comprehensive planning and formulation of effective solutions in this field can be considered an effective way and an important step to achieve sustainable regional development. Application of multi-criteria analysis techniques such as ANP model and Fuzzy model in this research indicates the great flexibility of these methods, which makes it possible to determine different scenarios and combine different criteria with each other. On the other hand, the use of GIS has provided a good platform for feasibility studies, assessment, and identification of the natural environment. Therefore, it can be said that due to the high potential of the Margavar rural district, there is a need to review measures and pay more attention to tourism development plans and studies in this region.
All other Geographic fields of studies , Interdisciplinary
Mohammadreza Shahbazbegian; Sayeh Habibzadeh
Abstract
IntroductionThe Maku Free Zone has a potential strategic position in the country according to its location on the Iran turkey border crossing and Azerbaijan, and its sustainable development has great importance from various economic, social, and political aspects. However, regional development policies ...
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IntroductionThe Maku Free Zone has a potential strategic position in the country according to its location on the Iran turkey border crossing and Azerbaijan, and its sustainable development has great importance from various economic, social, and political aspects. However, regional development policies are still focused on growth regardless of resource shortage, especially water resources. It needs further study toward the sustainable development paradigm and focus on limited resources, especially water resources in this region. In a region, sustainable development can be achieved by considering the economic, social, and environmental potential of that region. Individual development is not possible in any of the sectors without taking into account the overall behavior and effects of the subsystems on each other. Data and methodsThe present study is applied research, descriptive and analytical research in terms of purpose, nature, and data collection method. The system dynamics method has been used in the software and wireless environment according to the Library studies and field studies concerning the research topic. The study of the aim was to analyze the development of Maku Free region concerning three economic, social, and environmental subsystems with an emphasis on water resources. In this regard, it uses a systemic approach to analyze the interactions between variables. First, the necessary information and statistical data have been derived from observations and regional specialist interviews. Then, the system of three economic and social sectors and water resources was accepted in the form of cause-and-effect chains (equilibrium and reinforcement) separately using software and their performance with reference diagrams through dynamic knowledge. These subsystems were comprehensively drawn and interconnected in the form of a systemic mechanism governing the development indicators of Maku County. Finally, three policies were formulated from the system mechanism according to the existing potentials in the region and based on limited groundwater resources. With a systematic study, the subsystems related to the three mentioned sections. Discussion and results One of the most important limitations of Maku region in terms of sustainable development is the high stress on groundwater resources due to overexploitation of available water resources. Therefore, the present article emphasizes equilibrium rings to control the negative effects of reinforcement rings leading to increased exploitation of groundwater resources by focusing on excessive use of groundwater resources. For this purpose, equilibrium rings were drawn in such a way as to prevent the overexploitation of groundwater resources and modify effective reinforcement rings by reducing dependency on agricultural activities. Since the agricultural sector is the most important part of water consumption in that region, it will be possible to draw these circles only based on alternative livelihood policy and change livelihood from agriculture to more value-added activities with less dependency on water; Therefore, livelihood change should be done in the framework for developing and replacing High water consumption agricultural activities with non-agricultural activities based on region situation and circumstance. Conclusion The study of systemic mechanisms governing development showed that three policies based on strengthening aquaculture, investment to develop tourism, and cultivation of medicinal plants by strengthening equilibrium systemic mechanisms, can strengthen the sustainability of the Maku Free Zone. The first policy is based on strengthening the Aquaculture activity, which is currently operating with an area of 40,000 hectares and a production of 80 tons per year. The cultivation area of this region can be increased up to 70,000 hectares due to its high potential for aquaculture despite surface water in the north of the Aras River Valley and the existence of dams such as Danalo and Qighaj. In addition, there are many wetlands in the Maku Free Zone that can be used in aquaculture activities in the future by researching them and making a safe investment in this field. The second policy based on strengthening tourism activity will also lead to the control of the destructive reinforcement loop by increasing the added value of the region and reducing stress on groundwater resources. Cultivation of medicinal plants due to low water consumption and income per acreage compared to orchards is the third proposed systemic policy that can improve the systemic mechanism behavior governing Maku water resources towards optimal water management.
Rural Planning
Mohsen Aghayari Hir; Mohammad Zaheri; Hossein Karimzadeh; reza talebifard
Abstract
Introduction Sustainable rural development based on information and communication technology can be realized as the enjoyment and use of ICT in the area of public services’ support, general management, and interaction between the planners and the rural community and it has to cause contingent participation ...
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Introduction Sustainable rural development based on information and communication technology can be realized as the enjoyment and use of ICT in the area of public services’ support, general management, and interaction between the planners and the rural community and it has to cause contingent participation of the villagers in the decision-makings, improvement of the social and economic development in the villages and protection of the natural resources for the future generations. On the other hand, the existence of spatial inequality in the enjoyment of the ICT-based facilities and services can cause diversion and imbalance in the development amongst the rural regions. In this regard and based on the investigations, it seems that Iran’s rural regions hence Jiroft County do not enjoy a so much optimal situation in terms of the ICT-based sustainable development indices despite possession of abilities like high populational potentials and agricultural economy. Therefore, the present study intends to adopt a novel approach towards ICT-based sustainable development concept for elaborating and valuating its indices in line with planning and achieving sustainable development; to do so, the position and the levels of rural region’s enjoyment in Jiroft County will be assessed and evaluated in terms of the distribution of the ICT-based sustainable development indices and an answer will be found to the following question: How is the status of the villages in Jiroft County in terms of the ICT-based sustainable development level? Data and Method The present study is applied research in terms of the objectives and it is descriptive-analytical research in terms of nature and method. For collecting the information and data, use has been made of the documentary and field methods. The study area of the present research includes the rural regions in Jiroft County. For selecting the sample volume from the study population, two sets of villages, one with and another without ICT centers, were taken into consideration. In sum, 19 villages were found having ICT centers in Jiroft County until 2016; efforts were also made to select another group of the villages by considering several important indices (number of households, the village’s distance to the center of the county, and the village’s elevation from sea level) and some conditions similar or in contrast to those of the villages from the first set. In a match with the total number of the sample villages’ households, i.e. 16170 households, the study sample volume of this group was selected equal to 376 households based on Cochran Formula and the share of the questioned cases was determined in proportion to the number of households in every village. After confirming the validity of the study’s operationalized framework, some elites’ ideas were gathered for determining the weight of the indices in proportion to the conditions of the country’s rural society. Next, COPRAS multiscale decision-making model was employed for analyzing the data and rating Jiroft County’s rural regions in terms of the ICT-based sustainable development. In the end, use was made of K-cluster analysis in SPSS Software’s environment for determining the homogeneous regions and, after determining the level of development in the studied villages, the weights obtained for every village were added within the format of a field to the layer of villages in ArcGIS Software and the results were offered in the form of a map. Results and Discussion In line with achieving the study’s objective and assessing the level of ICT-based sustainable development in Jiroft County’s rural regions, 17 indices were applied. The items related to each of the indices were measured in Likert’s scale and the mean of every index was considered according to the idea of the sample households in every village as a basis for the formation of a matrix indicating the status quo of the ICT-based sustainable development level and rating of the studied villages. In the second step and after the formation of the status quo matrix and to normalize the existent status quo matrix, the indices’ weight determination had to be seminally done. Based thereon, electronic instruction in the social aspect, electronic marketing in the economic aspect, and electronic risk management in the bioenvironmental aspect were found with the highest weights. Then, after finishing the calculational stages of the COPRAS decision-making model, the villages were rated based on Qj’s amount; this way, the villages with the highest amounts of Qj and Nj were found in the highest ranks of ICT-based sustainable development and, on the contrary, the villages with the lowest Qj, were found in the lowest development ranks. Moreover, use was made in this part of Nj for performing K-cluster analysis based on which the studied villages were categorized into five clusters in terms of ICT-based sustainable development level. Therefore, considering the results of the cluster analysis, it can be stated that 8 villages fall in the cluster “developed”, 11 villages in the “relatively developed” cluster, 6 villages in the cluster “intermediate (normal) development”, 8 villages in the “relatively deprived” cluster and, finally, 5 villages in the “deprived” cluster in terms of the ICT-based sustainable development. Conclusion The study results indicated that the rural regions of Jiroft County enjoy a different situation in terms of ICT-based development. Based on the study’s investigations and observations, it can be stated that villages like Dwolatabad Esfandagheh, Dowlatabad Markazi, Daryacheh, Doboneh, Poshtlor, Hosseinabad Dehdar, Ferdows and Saghdar that have the highest development levels under the current conditions enjoy auspicious environmental and spatial states like good position on the plain, high groundwater levels, suitable soil, closeness to the city center and appropriate connective routes and they have also accommodated more population. The aforesaid villages also have better situations regarding cases like ICT infrastructures and equipment, trained human workforce, and services offered in the area of ICT. In opposite, villages named Abshour, Kohan, Hishinsofla, Darrehroud, and Abbasabad that enjoy the lowest level of ICT-based development from the perspective of the study sample volume are small and distant villages usually located in mountainous regions and often with unstable populations. Weakness in access to ICT-based equipment, facilities, and services, as well, in the aforementioned villages is an evident phenomenon. The collection of these conditions have caused the witnessing of different levels of ICT-based sustainable rural development in the rural regions of Jiroft County. The collection of the indices offered in this research can be utilized as a pattern for analyzing the level of ICT-based sustainable development in the other rural regions; additionally, this collection can assist the rural development planners in offering development programs and policies.
Urban Planning
Asghar Zarrabi; shayesteh abbassi; abolfazl meshkini
Abstract
Introduction
Informal settlements are home to about one billion people in the world. In other words, about one-seventh of the world's population and one third of the world's urban population live on margins. In our country, informal settlements have been officially interpreted more rapidly than urban ...
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Introduction
Informal settlements are home to about one billion people in the world. In other words, about one-seventh of the world's population and one third of the world's urban population live on margins. In our country, informal settlements have been officially interpreted more rapidly than urban growth, and it is estimated that one-fifth of urban populations are located in such settlements. The emergence of informal settlements reveals the existence of structural barriers and inefficiencies in the current policies in providing the necessary housing and services for the low-income urban population at macro level. The 2002 United Nations Summit on Sustainable Development emphasized that contemporary cities are sustainable if they resist natural disasters. Today, the crossroads of environmental, economic, social, and urban spontaneous settlements on a global scale have attracted attention to the urban widespread approach with a more comprehensive look at previous approaches such as crisis management in these settlements and in The world agenda has been considered. In fact, "Resilience as a framework is about a concept that can easily be associated with all stages and sections of disasters and crisis management, and has been introduced with four institutional, social, economic, and infrastructure dimensions. Sanandaj is one of the middle cities that has been growing fast over the last few decades, along with many parts of the country. This rapid growth has led to the formation of automobile neighborhoods in different parts of the city. The purpose of this article is to investigate and evaluate resilience indices in these settlements. In this regard, the main research question is what is the status of resilience of informal settlements in Sanandaj? And how important are the resilience indicators and dimensions?
Methodology
the type of research is applied-development and its method is descriptive-analytical and in terms of information acquisition method, it is located in the field of library-field studies. The data needed for research is obtained through library and field methods. In the library method, internal and external articles and books were used. In the data collection section, data were collected from the statistical blocks of the Population and Housing Census of 1395, Statistics Center of Iran, experts' questionnaire, comprehensive and detailed plans of Sanandaj city, household questionnaire, and so on. In this research, internal and external library studies were used for extraction of indicators. In this study, internal and external library studies were used to extract the indices and the experts were provided with a questionnaire. AHP test was used to analyze the questionnaires and the scores were analyzed in Expert Choice software. In the next step, in order to study the indicators in the area of informal settlements of Sanandaj, a household questionnaire was prepared and according to Statistical Society (30539 families), based on the Cochran formula, 379 questionnaires were completed from the households in the study area. The questionnaire was based on the six-level Likert scale. Reliability of the questionnaire was measured by Cronbach's alpha. Cronbach's alpha value was 0.73 which indicates the reliability of the questionnaire.
One-sample t-test was used to measure resilience. The one-sample t-test (the test of comparing the mean of a population with a number) is one of the tests used in most applied research. This test determines whether the observed average is significantly different from a specified value or a standard value. Confirmatory factor analysis in LISREL software was used to determine the impact of resilience dimensions. In confirmatory factor analysis, the researcher seeks to develop a model that is assumed to describe, describe, explain, or justify empirical data on the basis of relatively few parameters.
Results and Discussion
According to the AHP test, the highest weight was found to be 0.593 in human dimension and the lowest weight was 0. 113 in natural dimension. The findings indicate that the level of resilience is 3.03 in the area, which is less than the mean of 3.50, but it can be said that the informal settlements is not resilient. In terms of dimensions, only the socio-cultural dimension with 3.72 is higher than the average of 3.50 and is resilient. The lowest level of resilience related to the economic dimension at 2.47, followed by the managerial dimension with 2.66. also, Physical dimension is not resilient to have an average of 3.28. According to the studies, the total level of resilience in the informal settlements of Sanandaj was 3.11 and below 3.50. Factor analysis of factors affecting resilience showed that social factors with 0.81 had the most effect and economic factors with 0.50 had the least effect.
Conclusion
Research results in these settlements indicate that the level of resilience is at a low level. Among the different dimensions of resilience, the social dimension has a better status than other dimensions. In the economic field, due to the low level of income of the residents, the lack of insurance, the low level of savings, the lack of job security, the volatility in income, the seasonal nature of the occupation of many residents and ... has led to a low level of economic resilience. Organizational-administrative dimensions also have very low resilience. The lack of institutions at the local level, the weakness of the relationship between managers and the local population, lack of training in preparation for crisis is the reason for the low level of institutional resilience in these settlements. Physically, due to low level of resistance of residential units, lack of proper access to infrastructure, lack of suitable open spaces in neighborhoods, low strength of infrastructures, etc., has led to a decrease in the level of physical resilience.
Urban Planning
Akbar Rahimi
Abstract
Introduction In recent decades, research on land use/land cover change has become an important aspect of global change, or global warming studies, since land use/land cover change is a major factor for global change because of its interactions with climate, ecosystem processes, biogeochemical cycles, ...
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Introduction In recent decades, research on land use/land cover change has become an important aspect of global change, or global warming studies, since land use/land cover change is a major factor for global change because of its interactions with climate, ecosystem processes, biogeochemical cycles, biodiversity, and, even more important, human activities. Dynamic urban change processes, especially the tremendous worldwide expansion of urban population and urbanized area, affect natural and human systems at all geographic scales. Todays, the rapid growth of urban areas has led to complex problems, including traffic congestion, environmental pollution, reduced open space, the deterioration of old downtown centers, and unplanned or poorly planned land development. Urbanization both in population and spatial extent, transforms the landscape from the natural cover types to impervious urban lands. This phenomenon is one of the most important factors that changes land surface leading to modification of receiving environments which are usually composed of natural cover. Rapid urbanization in recent decades and land use changes in urban periphery especially in big cities are the fundamental challenges of sustainable development in the world. Increasing of urbanization tendency and rural – urban migration, unsuitable management of urban development caused that the green spaces and gardens in urban periphery and in inner areas changed to urban profitable land use and especially residential areas. In this research urban expansion and rapid urbanized areas and effect of these challenges in urban green spaces are analyzed. Methodology To address these urban problems and to identify approaches for sustainable development, many researchers have focused on evaluation urban land-use changes. In this research, we selected Tabriz City for analyzing as a case study. Urban green spaces changes in Tabriz analyzed using Landsat satellite images for past decades. Satellite remote sensing provides an important source of land use/land cover data and can be utilized to monitor the changes in these data efficiently. In the first, we were made geo reference and necessary correction for satellite images and then we classified images using Erdas imaging 2014 software. For Quantitative assessment, the maps export to Arc GIS 10. 3.1 Software and finally, the green spaces land use maps and tables are produced. For analyzing green areas in future, green spaces changings in 1410 are modeled using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) base of past changes pattern. Artificial neural networks are able to approximate accurately complicated nonlinear input–output relationships. Like their physics-based numerical model counterparts, ANNs require training or calibration. After training, each application of the trained ANN is an estimation of a simple algebraic expression with known coefficients and is executed practically instantaneously. The ANN technique is flexible enough to accommodate additional constraints that may arise in the application. Results and discussion Result show that, urban expansions to per-urban and especially in green areas and orchards have been made major changes in urban green spaces. Evaluation of green space areas from 1355 to 1385 show that the green areas are decreased from 5916.53 to 4373.96 hectares. In 30 years periods, 1542 hectares of green areas destroyed and percent of green areas in Tabriz limit, reduced from 23.31 to 17.23. The land use changing in this period has been slowly. But, the green rate damages, in last decade is too fast and urban green areas in 1395 is 1709.02 hectares that contain 6.73 percent of city limit (25000 hectares city limit). In last decade, 2664 hectares in Tabriz green spaces, change to other land use and especially in 1385 to 1390 the rate of changing was faster and most of 50 percent of green areas in this period are demolished. In ANN modeling results, Tabriz will lose 1076 hectares of green areas from 1395 to 1410. Conclusions Therefore, the results indicate that the lack of proper planning of Tabriz's urban development in the last half century and especially in the past decade has caused irreparable damage to the green spaces of Tabriz, and will continue the trend in the coming years will threaten sustainable urban development and ecological balance of Tabriz city
Urban Planning
tohid ahmadi; zohreh fanni; mohammad tagi razaviyan; jamileh tavakoli nia
Volume 23, Issue 67 , April 2019, , Pages 25-44
Abstract
Metropolises are as population and traffic density centers and their consequences are more than other population centers. Various metropolises present different solutions based on their circumstances and characteristics of transportation. The major issue about transportation in metropolises is weakness ...
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Metropolises are as population and traffic density centers and their consequences are more than other population centers. Various metropolises present different solutions based on their circumstances and characteristics of transportation. The major issue about transportation in metropolises is weakness of strategic plans in order to apply the plans for intelligent transportation system that impresses urban transportation. Management organization of transportation in metropolis of Tabriz presents some solutions sporadically that are not enough to solve traffic problems. The purpose of this study is to present a model to prioritize development strategies for intelligent transportation system in order to cover strategic plan for transportation management. In other words, this paper is concentrated on combination model of prioritize strategies. The procedure of this research is that after literature review, development strategies of intelligent transportation system which is as a result of logic and scientific management model (ANP،QSPM), is prioritized by using strategic approach. For achieving this goal, combination procedure is done and the relationship of different variables to present the real priority of strategies is considered. Finally, findings of this combination procedure are compared by using Spearman rank order correlation. The result of combination procedure and comparing it with Spearman rank order correlation illustrate that strategy entitled “coordination of all organizations to enhance public infrastructure in order to develop intelligent transportation system” in both analysis (QSPM and ANP) is prioritized as a major strategy and other strategies have different priorities.
Rural Planning
Davoud Mahdavi; Abdolreza Roknoddin Eftekhari; Hamdollah Sojasi Gheidari
Volume 20, Issue 56 , August 2016, , Pages 275-300
Abstract
In recent decade, tourism especially in rural area has important role in economic diversification and natural and historical- cultural heritage preservation. The available historical- cultural heritage importance in rural area as a civilization heritage has a special situation and it causes to attract ...
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In recent decade, tourism especially in rural area has important role in economic diversification and natural and historical- cultural heritage preservation. The available historical- cultural heritage importance in rural area as a civilization heritage has a special situation and it causes to attract many of tourists to these kind of potential destination. So, take advantages of these potential destination needs to design appropriate strategies and specific areas of the tourism planners and managers. Therefore, this study has aimed to develop strategy for the sustainable development of rural tourism and in this case study tried to answer the fundamental question that what is the appropriate strategy for sustainable tourism development in rural area where has historical -cultural potential? Accordingly, the present study by using of descriptive- analytic and survey methodology and SWOT technique, QSPM assessment matrix, has presented the appropriate strategies in three dimensions of rural community as participators, tourists and administrators in seven historical-cultural rural area. For data analyzing and presenting appropriate and comprehensive strategy for rural tourism development, had been use of SWOC analytic method. According to the obtained results from the sample communities, the defensive strategy had been selected as a central strategy for rural tourism development in case study of rural area.
Mohamadreza Pourmohammadi; Arezou Shafaaty; Kiumars Maleky
Volume 17, Issue 43 , October 2013, , Pages 41-70
Abstract
Although population growth is the primary cause of urban sprawl, however sprawl has unreasonable adverse effects on natural and cultural environment which affects communities. Great efforts to overcome the negative effects of urban development has grown whose main strategy of "smart growth" as one of ...
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Although population growth is the primary cause of urban sprawl, however sprawl has unreasonable adverse effects on natural and cultural environment which affects communities. Great efforts to overcome the negative effects of urban development has grown whose main strategy of "smart growth" as one of the strategies to combat "sprawl" and smart growth, urban development, in fact is an alternative to sprawl. The increasing pattern of development is one of the tools of smart growth and the realization of sustainable development is the obvious example. Shortage of land, natural and artificial barriers to horizontal expansion of cities, the locating of city on risky zones and faults, high costs of creating infrastructure services and utilities, as well as, some considerations related to environmental sustainability, development and originality of the old urban texture, reducing waste and energy investment, suitable transport network, all have led to the development pattern and the increasing investment in the urban context. By the horizontal spread and development of the city, sometimes the natural constraints face cost increases in utilities. If we add the number of aged residents tissue to the above number, probably about half of the population is poor under rough living conditions. Due to the increasing development and improvement of old tissue and the encouragement of low-density settlement in downtown areas, such problems could be solved. In this study to evaluate the potential synergies, the historical-cultural city of for has been selected and detailed design of the data is used Tabriz 6th district master plan. In order to evaluate the potential synergies have been determined between its model and them. Finally, with regard to the status quo and the outgoing model, this result was obtained that the increased development and changes in the texture of the surface will promote stability in the city and provide an appropriate physical structure.
Mahdi Pourtarery; Abdolreza Roknedin Eftekhari; Mahdi Rahmati
Volume 16, Issue 42 , March 2013, , Pages 45-63
Abstract
Making efforts to improve the quality of human being life and raising the conditions and standards of that, is one of the dimensions of planning, in our contemporary world. So that many of the most successful governments, evaluate the successful of their programs by people life improvement and increase ...
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Making efforts to improve the quality of human being life and raising the conditions and standards of that, is one of the dimensions of planning, in our contemporary world. So that many of the most successful governments, evaluate the successful of their programs by people life improvement and increase in their welfare level. On the other hand, the social welfare programs will better achieve their expected goal, if the society have an acceptable level of knowledge according to this knowledge and wisdom are the bed stone of social welfare and development the overall level of knowledge and scientific wisdom of social in Iran is relatively low. This is too lower in rural social in compare with urban social and that shows the depth of wisdom s challenge among this portion of society. However as a result of low education level, knowing a little about personal, civic and social rights makes rural community too confuse to get to its willing. In turn, this matter will have a contrary effect on success of rural social planning organizations know, this question evil raise that: is there any meaning relation behaviors rural people legal knowledge and the social welfare? To knowing this, 200 questionnaires have been filled among rural habitat of Vashian country areas of Lorestan province and have shown that there is significant correlation between social welfare and the level of legal knowledge of rural people. In respect to this personal and civic right have had the largest shares in social welfare especially in housing quality, rural partnership and housing satisfaction.
