Urban Planning
Asghar Abedini; Aram Khezerlou; Behrang Akrami; Amin Khalili; Parviz Azizi
Abstract
Introduction Perhaps housing can also Introduced as the main factor and objective of shaping skeleton and structure of the city, because firstly whatever of cities explicitly at citizenry possession, are homes and housing; secondary, home is a space for birth and growth and maturation ...
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Introduction Perhaps housing can also Introduced as the main factor and objective of shaping skeleton and structure of the city, because firstly whatever of cities explicitly at citizenry possession, are homes and housing; secondary, home is a space for birth and growth and maturation of man at individual or among the family situation; Third, home is a place of activity establishment and growth of family which that is the smallest social unit; Fourth, housing is the main and the most basic factor of identity of man and society and the basis of unification or vice versa Scattering of them (Naghizadeh, 2013). Affordable Housing, is a housing that its features based on the cultural values and their regeneration and promotion in the society and toward the obliteration of self- alienation and return to itself; and cultural activities and the introduction of national identity and searching the special methods in format of qualitative policies and executive policies in it is necessary (Naghizadeh, 2012). Codification of housing basics by using the foundations of Iranian- Islamic architecture of the past decades and Islam monotheism worldview principles and also requirement of pay attention to improving the quality of housing and transformation in methods of construction of buildings is inevitable (Naghizadeh & Asadzadeh Birjandi, 2013). Consideration to muslim housing in Islam is knot with insight to divine verses and this matter sacredness of the human living place. Sacredness that explain the unique features of good home and at muslim human dignity; that pay attention to each of them provide human heavenly and earthly bliss (Hoseini & Samimi, 2015). City housing and residential context are as the main manifestation of appearance of Islamic values (because of filling major section of the city area) can be in the both of old and organic urban fabrics, that based on their period native and cultural conditions, and evolved over time and remained up to now and investigated and evaluated in new fabric of cities, which forms based on urbanism methods and new patterns. This research, look for two main objectives, firstly, analysis and assessment of the housing current status of old and new neighborhoods in Urmia city based on Islamic housing indicators, secondary, analysis and assessment of Iranian- Islamic indicators status of old and new neighborhoods of Urmia city, so that this way able to achieve the strengths and weaknesses of observe of Iranian-Islamic indicators with the matching of results.Data and Method Islamic housing indicators classify in two categories of quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative indicators include: housing area, housing facades, housing quality, housing resistance and safety, housing orientation to the qibla, existence of green spaces in the neighborhood and qualitative indicators include: the use of natural light, comfort in housing, housing relation with nature, non- overlooking into housing, accessibility to housing. In the first stage, quantitative indicators were extracted through the library studies and in the next step housing quality indicators was evaluated through questionnaires. For this work, 330 number of questionnaires through Cochran formula was obtained that among residents of the studied neighborhoods were collected. Also, for weighting the Islamic housing indicators, 30 numbers of expert questionnaires were set, which 15 numbers of questionnaires were polled by experts of seminary courses and 15 numbers of questionnaires were polled by academic experts related to housing. AHP model also has been used for weighting the intended indicators by expert questionnaire. To analysis and assessment of the studied neighborhoods situation with the Islamic housing indicators and also for assessment of Islamic- Iranian housing indicators in the studied neighborhoods, TOPSIS method was used. After initial analysis and assessment of condition by using the output of TOPSIS, was proceed to the pathology and identify weaknesses of indicators, which finally was leaded to present solutions in order to reduce the problems related to having Iranian- Islamic indicators in the studiedneighborhoods.Results and Discussion According to TOPSIS method results, Behdari neighborhood as one of the new neighborhoods of the Urmia city, with consideration of Iranian- Islamic indicators toward the Mahdi- al- qadam neighborhood, which that is one of the old neighborhoods of the Urmia city, is more favorable. With the return to the indicators, respectively determine that, resistance and safety, housing area, comfort in housing and overlooking have the greatest impact in undesirable position of Mahdi- al- qadam. In other words, having weakness of mentioned indicators in the Mahdi- al- qadam neighborhood has caused that this neighborhood toward the Behdari neighborhood placed in a lower position. Therefore, in planning for the Mahdi- al- qadam neighborhood its necessary that solutions be explained to improvement of indicator status. Also, according to the results presented in table number 3 that shows the ranking of indicators in neighborhoods, resistance and safety indicator has been ranked first. Comparison between situation of the Mahdi- al- qadam neighborhood and resistance and safety indicator shows having major weakness of mentioned indicator in Mahdi- al- qadam neighborhood.ConclusionConducted analyzes in this research showed that among the chosen indicators, overlooking indicator as the factor that covering visibility and Create privacy lies in itself, also it is important from the point of view of the Seminaries and academic experts, but unfortunately this indicator is among the weakest indicators in Mahdi- al- qadam and Behdari neighborhoods and needs more attention. In both neighborhoods, interesting point is located the resistance and safety indicator in the highest position among the other indicators, that shows favorable situation of this indicator among the other indicators. Also, the results of comparing two neighborhoods represents this point that Behdari neighborhood, with consideration of all Iranian- Islamic indicators, is in a more favorable situation toward the Mahdi- al- qadam neighborhood.
GIS&RS
Leila Dehghani Firoozabadi; Alireza Ildoromi; Mir Mehrdad Mirsanjari; sahar abedian
Abstract
IntroductionToday, tourism is considered as one of the most important activities in the world, and it has high potential in generating foreign currency incomes and creating jobs. According to the definition, ecotourism is a responsibly journey to natural areas that protect the environment and improve ...
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IntroductionToday, tourism is considered as one of the most important activities in the world, and it has high potential in generating foreign currency incomes and creating jobs. According to the definition, ecotourism is a responsibly journey to natural areas that protect the environment and improve the lives of local people. Despite having the necessary potential in tourism in Iran, it has not succeeded in attracting tourists. The first step towards achieving tourism development in the country is identifying, assessing, and introducing the existent potentials and capabilities to provide development opportunities with comprehensive knowledge and planning. Dorud is one of the unparalleled regions in Lorestan province due to the availability of sufficient water resources that can be a good place for water resource recreation. Unfortunately, despite these tourist attractions, there has not yet been an organized approach to land use planning that takes into account these natural talents of the region for water tourism. According to the mentioned issues, the present study intends to use a multi-criteria evaluation to identify and zonate suitable areas of water tourism, and its purpose is to properly plan the tourism with environmental considerations and prioritize these areas in the Dorud city.Materials and methodsDorud is situated in Lorestan Province. It is located between latitudes 33°16'-33°44'N and longitudes 48°47'-49°19'. In this study, by investigating the factors influencing the zoning of tourism-prone areas, Dorud region has been zoned based on multi-criteria evaluation model. Multi-criteria evaluation is a structured process for defining goals, formulating criteria, evaluating, and solving decision problems. In this study, the criteria was detemined based on the criteria of the ecotourism national document, the criteria of the ecological potential assessment, and the ecotourism criteria in the protected areas. After the preparation of the criteria maps, it is necessary to standardize the maps that have different ranges and scales. In this research, Fuzzy and Boolean methods were used to standard the scales. In order to fuzzy the criteria maps, the pixels are ranked based on the membership degree in the fuzzy range from 0 to 255, and high degree of membership indicate more desirability of pixels for tourism. In the Boolean method, zero values are inappropriate areas, and values of one indicate suitable areas for development. In order to weigh the criteria, the pairwise comparison method was used in the form of analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and then the maps were combined using the weighted linear combination method. Then, in order to prepare the final suitable map, it is necessary to extract the zones, which have 70% suitability and have more than 5 hectares. Finally, suitable zones for recreation prioritized by TOPSIS model.Result and discussionIn this research, the effective environmental criteria were considered as informational layers in water recreation zoning. Criteria were taken with two views: one for water recreation in lotic water resources, and the other on flowing water resources. The effective environmental criteria in water recreation zoning classified in 5 criterion groups involved physical, ecological, fundamental, safety, and social-economic and 27 sub criterion for water recreation in Lotic water resources, and 26 sub criterion for water recreation in lentic water resources. At this step, due to the difference in the type of tourism recreation in lotic and flowing water resources, two types of utility maps for the flowing water resources (waterfall and rivers) and the latic water recources (mineral fountain, dam, water reservoirs, sarab, lakes and wetlands) were prepared. Then, in order to zoning the area, the final raster layer was classified into four categories based on the suitability of the land. Thus, the first categort with high potential (the suitability of more than 150), the second category with the average potential (the suitability of 110 to 150), the third category with the weak potential (the suitability of 50 to 110), and the forth category without suitability (0 to 50) were considered. In the next step, the first category was considered as the best class for the water recreation, and extracted from the suitable map. Based on the performed classification, 8.47% of the area has high potential for recreation in flowing water resources, and 10.28% of the area has high potential for recreation in latic water resources. Finally, six suitable zones in each of the recreations were selected, and tourism zones were prioritized according to the TOPSIS method.ConclusionThe results of criteria weighting for latic water resources showed that distance from lake, wetland, sarab, dam and water reservoirs are the most important criteria in suitable recreation areas. In addition, the results of the combination of AHP and TOPSIS in water resources showed that the slope and depth with a weight of 0.182 and, 0.173, respectively are the most important indicators in this model, respectively. Consequently, results showed that Merok dam, Mahi hamyane Sarab and pond, Heshamatabad 2 pond zones respectively have highest preferences for water recreation in lotic water resources. In relation to the tourism recreation in flowing water resources, weighting criteria shows that distance from the river, slope and height are the most important. In addition, the results of the AHP and TOPSIS combination in flowing water resources show that the slope, water speed, and water volume with a weight of 0.191, 0.171, and 0.140 are three important indicators in this model, respectively. As a result, Sezar River, Gaharrood 1 and Gaharrood 2 have highest preferences for water recreation flowing water resources. The proposed zones in this research were determined based on ecological and socio-economic criteria that indicate the high capability of the zones for this type of recreation. Of course, in order to implement tourism goals, further studies are needed in areas such as determining the ecological capacity of the region, soil erodibility and so on.
Urban Planning
Ebrahim Asghari-Kaljahi; Ghodrat Barzegari; Robab Azarmi; Azadeh Shahbazi
Volume 22, Issue 66 , January 2019, , Pages 23-44
Abstract
Site selection for landfill is an important issue for planning and management of solid waste materials on the metropolitan cities. In order to prevention of environmental, ecological and economical impacts of waste material, investigations for selection of suitable site should be done in a scientific ...
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Site selection for landfill is an important issue for planning and management of solid waste materials on the metropolitan cities. In order to prevention of environmental, ecological and economical impacts of waste material, investigations for selection of suitable site should be done in a scientific trend. Nowadays multi-criteria decision analysis methods and GIS systems are widely using for environmental planning.Shahindezh city with 35 tones daily waste material production is facing with environmental, social and healthy problems. In this research, in roder to selection of suitable site for landfill of Shahindezh city, some important criteria including hydrogeology, hydrogeology, litology, land use, vegetables developing, soil condition, topography, transmission lines, distance from city and main roads and faults are considered. After making pair-wise comparison matrix for the criteria, the weight of information layers determined by using of Expert Choice11 software in the GIS media based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Therefore the appropriate zones for landfill of Shahindezh city are divided into four categories according to the location potential from completely suitable to completely unsuitable. As a result 6 areas are selected and subjected to visiting and filed investigations. In term of site visit, three areas are determined as proper locations. The selected areas are compared to each other based on similarity to the ideal choice by using TOPSIS method. Finally area no. 2 located in the west of Shahindezh (in the north of the upper Sarojeh village) was introduced as the best area for landfill site of this city.
Climatology
Mostafa Karimi; Elahe Ghasemi
Abstract
General circulation models (GCMs) are an important tool in the assessment of climate change. These numerical coupled models represent various earth systems including the atmosphere, oceans, land surface and sea-ice and offer considerable potential for the study of climate change and variability. However, ...
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General circulation models (GCMs) are an important tool in the assessment of climate change. These numerical coupled models represent various earth systems including the atmosphere, oceans, land surface and sea-ice and offer considerable potential for the study of climate change and variability. However, they remain relatively coarse in resolution and are unable to resolve significant subgrid scale features such as topography, clouds and land use. Bridging the gap between the resolution of climate models and regional and local scale processes represents a considerable problem for the impact assessment of climate change. Thus, considerable effort in the climate community has focussed on the development of techniques to bridge the gap, known as ‘downscaling’. In this study two statistical downscaling techniques (lars WG and SDSM) and Proportional Downscaling method have been sued , which are combination to TOPSIS approach.The result shows SDSM is more ability technique of downscaling. And climate change will reduce monthly rainfalls up to 39% and increase the temperatures up to 2 °C.
All other Geographic fields of studies , Interdisciplinary
Navid Houshangi; Ali asghar Allsheikh
Abstract
Iran is located on the world’s Sun Belt; therefore the required energy of many parts of the country can be generated through photovoltaic systems. One of the most salient characteristic of renewable energy with regard to its conversion and usage is its dependency on geographical location as well ...
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Iran is located on the world’s Sun Belt; therefore the required energy of many parts of the country can be generated through photovoltaic systems. One of the most salient characteristic of renewable energy with regard to its conversion and usage is its dependency on geographical location as well as numerous contradicting factors. A suitable site for solar farm must fulfill a series of economic, conservational, climatic, geographic and demographic considerations simultaneously. This research uses multi-criteria decision making (MCDM), fuzzy principles and GIS tools to evaluate the optimized place of photovoltaic solar power plants in Iran. To achieve this objective, three approaches are considered, namely: TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), Sugeno-type Fuzzy inference system and fuzzy TOPSIS. After obtaining experts’ opinions, site selection steps have been taken in two main steps: first, the deduction of impossible points (constrained); second, the calculation of location’s potential using raster analysis. The comparison of the above methods showed that Fuzzy TOPSIS؛ from the perspective of continuity and involving elements؛ had better performance. TOPSIS Method 14.71% and fuzzy TOPSIS 18.33% and Sugeno 20.52% of the total area are considered as suitable area for the construction of solar power plants. All three methods had similar results. The priority of country’s sections for locating solar farm locations are estimated as, Narimanshir, Nobandegan, Farajhiand, Bahmanpour, Shibkoh and Gavbandi through all methods with subtle variations.
All other Geographic fields of studies , Interdisciplinary
Abstract
Iran is located on the world’s Sun Belt; therefore the required energy of many parts of the country can be generated through photovoltaic systems. Nowadays, with the increasing growth of energy consumption, the tendency to use renewable energy and specifically solar powers is rising. Within 2000 ...
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Iran is located on the world’s Sun Belt; therefore the required energy of many parts of the country can be generated through photovoltaic systems. Nowadays, with the increasing growth of energy consumption, the tendency to use renewable energy and specifically solar powers is rising. Within 2000 to 2007, world energy production increased 10.3 percent per capita (Department of Energy, Iran).This consumption increase in 2030 reaches over 48% and even 60% in 2000. However, disadvantages of fossil energy led international community to use new types of renewable energy. Among the renewable energy forms, solar energy tends to be the cleanest energy and considering potentials of the selected sites, is can be deemed economical, as well.
Climatology
ali Mohammad Khorshiddoust; Behrooz Sobhani; Kamel Azarm; Jamal Amini
Volume 19, Issue 52 , June 2015, , Pages 141-161
Abstract
Canola is the world third leading oil seed after soybean and oil palm by producing 15 percent of the global plant oil. Climate, topography and lands capability are the most important environmental factors on which the crop production capability in a region depends. Therefore by evaluating these factors ...
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Canola is the world third leading oil seed after soybean and oil palm by producing 15 percent of the global plant oil. Climate, topography and lands capability are the most important environmental factors on which the crop production capability in a region depends. Therefore by evaluating these factors one can identify suitable lands for canola cultivation. In the present study, the climatological data such as temperature, precipitation, growth degree day, relative humidity, freezing days, and sunshine hours were collected from the West Azerbaijan province synoptic and rain gauge stations (since their installation untill 1388) which were associated with the phenologic stages of canola growth. In addition to the climatological data, earth resources like topographic layers, lands capability, soil depth and land-use were analyzed focusing on the climatological and ecological requirements of canola. After generalizing the data and processing by using ArcGIS, their corresponding information layers were derived. In order to prioritize and assess the criteria and information layers in relation to each other, the multi criteria decision method was employed based on analytical hierarchy process. Then, combination and spatial analysis of the information layers using TOPSIS model and GIS capabilities were done and the final capability ecological evaluation layer for canola cultivation was produced. Based on the obtained results, the province lands were divided into four categories of highly suitable (%18.6), suitable (%34.4), moderate (%32.1) and weak (%14.7) lands on the basis of the environmental and climatologocal potentials for canola cultivation.
Vakil Heydari Sarban
Volume 16, Issue 40 , September 2012, , Pages 75-96
Abstract
The world experiments show that agricultural section is important from point of view food stuff supply, employment generation, currency provision and supply of the other economic sections such as industrial activities and also the role that has on the national gross production. Also capabilities and ...
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The world experiments show that agricultural section is important from point of view food stuff supply, employment generation, currency provision and supply of the other economic sections such as industrial activities and also the role that has on the national gross production. Also capabilities and local and regional relative advantages on every rural region is different by reason of making an effect from different economic, social and environmental views including the wherewithal and condition of demography, production, geography, climate, infrastructure etc. This important result comes out in that some rural regions by reason of agricultural development having superiority in relation to other regions. Also the cognition of local and regional advantages and capabilities each rural region is the fundamental principle of rural and agricultural planning. Until capabilities, capacities and rural regions advantages are considered for the agricultural development any region had its special planning for developmental purposes. The purpose of the present study was to prioritize Meshkinshahr Dehstans in terms of agricultural development aspects. The methodological approach was a descriptive–analytical survey type. Statistical population consisted of all farmers in Meshkinshar County. The sample size was determined by using Cockran formula (n=185). The content and face validity of the instrument was specified after several reviews and correction by the faculty members of the University and several expertise of administrative offices. A pilot test was conducted to determine the reliability of questionnaires and Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0.82 was achieved. The achieved data was analyzed by TOPSIS technique. The assumption was that the good quality of every index evenly is rising (or declining). As the matter of fact the best existence value from each index indicates positive ideals and the worst existence value from that index indicates negative ideals. Also indexes are detached from each other. At the end, the results of multi-attribute decision making methods in the base of calculated weights showed that Dehestans of Meshkine Shargi and Garasou were located in the first rank in view of agricultural developemnt, respectively, and Dehestans of Nogdou were positioned in the last rank. Finally, based on the results of analysis, some applied recommendations have been provided
