Rural Planning
ahmad hajarian
Abstract
In this research, using contextual analysis method, the contexts of rural home business development were identified. The information was collected based on semi-structured interviews and a study of sources and documents. Findings show that out of 126 open codes, 34 basic concepts were identified that ...
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In this research, using contextual analysis method, the contexts of rural home business development were identified. The information was collected based on semi-structured interviews and a study of sources and documents. Findings show that out of 126 open codes, 34 basic concepts were identified that can be divided into 11 categories of organizing themes. . These concepts are divided into 11 categories including: motivational, structural and infrastructural factors, marketing, policy-making, educational and extension, management, partnership, financial and credit resources, information system, attitude and support as organizing themes of the research subject. Were. The results of the analysis indicate that the participation of members, empowerment of stakeholders, change of attitude of villagers, improvement of credit and financial resources of villagers, improvement of infrastructure and comprehensive policy for the development of home-based businesses should be considered.Employment and unemployment, which are very important issues in rural areas, can be solved in general through home-based jobs and their development.
Rural Planning
Samira Mahmoudi; Seyedeh Fatemeh Emami
Abstract
Introduction
Global goals such as the sustainable development of the United Nations as well as the requirements and commitments of the private sector such as supply chains sustainably manner cause growing demand for sustainable investment opportunities in the food and agriculture sectors. Thus, the ...
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Introduction
Global goals such as the sustainable development of the United Nations as well as the requirements and commitments of the private sector such as supply chains sustainably manner cause growing demand for sustainable investment opportunities in the food and agriculture sectors. Thus, the expansion of investment in agriculture and related industries in the form of public and private investment can create more job opportunities in rural areas and thus prevent the migration of villagers to cities and increase the growth rate of the agricultural sector. However, in such conditions, due to uncertainty, the ability to assess the real risk (as opposed to perceived risk) and the availability of risk reduction tools are the main elements of investment decisions, regardless of the type of investor or even the provision of financial resources. In this framework, the concept of "investment readiness" has emerged as a tool to guide policies and programs aimed at reducing barriers to investment in small and medium-sized businesses.
Based on research, social capital, including social networks and norms, values and attitudes distributed in such networks, have shown a positive effect on economic growth, financial development, joint investments, trade and entrepreneurship. With a reduction in natural resources for local and regional development and the tendency to converge in human capital, social capital has become increasingly important for economic growth. Social capital leads to risky economic decisions by increasing the sense of power in people. In other words, social capital can moderate risk tolerance in people related to local community, since it provides a way to provide individual risks. For example, Bloch et al. (2008) stated that social capital provides an informal insurance mechanism that can increase risk-taking in economic investors. Also, in some studies, scientists have considered social capital as a valuable resource that expands access to various other sources, including financial resources, market information, and customers.
Data and Method
The present study was applied in terms of method and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. The data collection method in the present study was a combination of library and survey methods (direct observation and questionnaire). The statistical population of the study included owners of rice-threshing factories located in rural areas of Someh Sara city. There are 55 rice-threshing factories in the study area, and a questionnaire was completed for all the people in the area. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for internal consistency and reliability of the questionnaire. For this purpose, 20 questionnaires were completed in the pre-test stage and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.751 was obtained, indicating a good level of reliability of the questionnaire.
Results and Discussion
The results revealed that the mean score of the observed sense of security is 3.1 with a standard deviation of 0.3, which is significantly different from the standard score (3). From the investors' point of view, the most sense of security was in the area of supportive security with a mean of 3.26, followed by economic, political, geographical and legal security, respectively. The results of Pearson correlation showed a direct and positive relationship between social capital and geographical security, supportive security, political security and social security and a negative relationship between social capital and sense of legal security. In addition, investigating the relationship between investment security and social capital indicators showed a significant direct and positive relationship between investment security and social capital indicators (other than social participation). Moreover, based on the results of regression analysis and the coefficient of determination (0.799), independent variables explained about 80% of sense of investment security in the sample population. Thus, for systematically explaining of the effect of social capital indicators on investors' sense of security and achieve a comprehensive model, the multivariate technique of path analysis was used and the direct and indirect effects of the desired variables were examined in a model.
According to the research results, indicators of legal security, political security, geographical security, social security in relation to the variable of investment security as well as indicators of institutional performance and institutional trust and interpersonal and generalized trust and social participation in relation to the social capital variable were among the factors affecting the sense of investment security. In this regard, the direct factors affecting the sense of security of rural investors include legal security, political security, geographical security, social security, institutional performance and trust, respectively. Factors that indirectly affect the sense of security of investors also include social networks (through indicators of economic security and social security), social solidarity (through indicators of supportive security, social security, legal security, political security and geographical security), social participation (through institutional performance indicators and social security), and legal security (through indicators of geographical security, political security, supportive security, social security and institutional performance).
Conclusion
Although in some cases, business enterprises make risky investments with the hope of achieving high returns, investment is a process that is not compatible with risk. In such conditions, governments can play a major role. In fact, development-oriented governments are obliged to review and reform the rules and regulations, reduce bureaucracies, increase the transparency of licensing, and pave the way for economic activities and investment, especially in vulnerable and deprived rural areas, since institutional performance, institutional trust and social networks were identified as the most effective indicators of social capital in the sense of security of rural investors. As observed, Someh Sara has a great capacity in the area of fish farming (ranked second in terms of fish production in the province) and a great variety of crops (rice, beans, watermelon, peanuts, beans, garlic) and garden products (strawberries, apples, pomegranates, peaches, nectarines and pears). However, it does not have much variety in conversion and complementary industries, and even no investment has been made in some products such as fish processing, peanuts and strawberries. Nothing special has happened. However, if safe conditions are provided for investment by relying on social capital indicators, the special capabilities of the city in the area of sustainable rural and even regional development can be used.
Rural Planning
Mohsen Aghayari Hir; Mohammad Zaheri; Hossein Karimzadeh; reza talebifard
Abstract
Introduction Sustainable rural development based on information and communication technology can be realized as the enjoyment and use of ICT in the area of public services’ support, general management, and interaction between the planners and the rural community and it has to cause contingent participation ...
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Introduction Sustainable rural development based on information and communication technology can be realized as the enjoyment and use of ICT in the area of public services’ support, general management, and interaction between the planners and the rural community and it has to cause contingent participation of the villagers in the decision-makings, improvement of the social and economic development in the villages and protection of the natural resources for the future generations. On the other hand, the existence of spatial inequality in the enjoyment of the ICT-based facilities and services can cause diversion and imbalance in the development amongst the rural regions. In this regard and based on the investigations, it seems that Iran’s rural regions hence Jiroft County do not enjoy a so much optimal situation in terms of the ICT-based sustainable development indices despite possession of abilities like high populational potentials and agricultural economy. Therefore, the present study intends to adopt a novel approach towards ICT-based sustainable development concept for elaborating and valuating its indices in line with planning and achieving sustainable development; to do so, the position and the levels of rural region’s enjoyment in Jiroft County will be assessed and evaluated in terms of the distribution of the ICT-based sustainable development indices and an answer will be found to the following question: How is the status of the villages in Jiroft County in terms of the ICT-based sustainable development level? Data and Method The present study is applied research in terms of the objectives and it is descriptive-analytical research in terms of nature and method. For collecting the information and data, use has been made of the documentary and field methods. The study area of the present research includes the rural regions in Jiroft County. For selecting the sample volume from the study population, two sets of villages, one with and another without ICT centers, were taken into consideration. In sum, 19 villages were found having ICT centers in Jiroft County until 2016; efforts were also made to select another group of the villages by considering several important indices (number of households, the village’s distance to the center of the county, and the village’s elevation from sea level) and some conditions similar or in contrast to those of the villages from the first set. In a match with the total number of the sample villages’ households, i.e. 16170 households, the study sample volume of this group was selected equal to 376 households based on Cochran Formula and the share of the questioned cases was determined in proportion to the number of households in every village. After confirming the validity of the study’s operationalized framework, some elites’ ideas were gathered for determining the weight of the indices in proportion to the conditions of the country’s rural society. Next, COPRAS multiscale decision-making model was employed for analyzing the data and rating Jiroft County’s rural regions in terms of the ICT-based sustainable development. In the end, use was made of K-cluster analysis in SPSS Software’s environment for determining the homogeneous regions and, after determining the level of development in the studied villages, the weights obtained for every village were added within the format of a field to the layer of villages in ArcGIS Software and the results were offered in the form of a map. Results and Discussion In line with achieving the study’s objective and assessing the level of ICT-based sustainable development in Jiroft County’s rural regions, 17 indices were applied. The items related to each of the indices were measured in Likert’s scale and the mean of every index was considered according to the idea of the sample households in every village as a basis for the formation of a matrix indicating the status quo of the ICT-based sustainable development level and rating of the studied villages. In the second step and after the formation of the status quo matrix and to normalize the existent status quo matrix, the indices’ weight determination had to be seminally done. Based thereon, electronic instruction in the social aspect, electronic marketing in the economic aspect, and electronic risk management in the bioenvironmental aspect were found with the highest weights. Then, after finishing the calculational stages of the COPRAS decision-making model, the villages were rated based on Qj’s amount; this way, the villages with the highest amounts of Qj and Nj were found in the highest ranks of ICT-based sustainable development and, on the contrary, the villages with the lowest Qj, were found in the lowest development ranks. Moreover, use was made in this part of Nj for performing K-cluster analysis based on which the studied villages were categorized into five clusters in terms of ICT-based sustainable development level. Therefore, considering the results of the cluster analysis, it can be stated that 8 villages fall in the cluster “developed”, 11 villages in the “relatively developed” cluster, 6 villages in the cluster “intermediate (normal) development”, 8 villages in the “relatively deprived” cluster and, finally, 5 villages in the “deprived” cluster in terms of the ICT-based sustainable development. Conclusion The study results indicated that the rural regions of Jiroft County enjoy a different situation in terms of ICT-based development. Based on the study’s investigations and observations, it can be stated that villages like Dwolatabad Esfandagheh, Dowlatabad Markazi, Daryacheh, Doboneh, Poshtlor, Hosseinabad Dehdar, Ferdows and Saghdar that have the highest development levels under the current conditions enjoy auspicious environmental and spatial states like good position on the plain, high groundwater levels, suitable soil, closeness to the city center and appropriate connective routes and they have also accommodated more population. The aforesaid villages also have better situations regarding cases like ICT infrastructures and equipment, trained human workforce, and services offered in the area of ICT. In opposite, villages named Abshour, Kohan, Hishinsofla, Darrehroud, and Abbasabad that enjoy the lowest level of ICT-based development from the perspective of the study sample volume are small and distant villages usually located in mountainous regions and often with unstable populations. Weakness in access to ICT-based equipment, facilities, and services, as well, in the aforementioned villages is an evident phenomenon. The collection of these conditions have caused the witnessing of different levels of ICT-based sustainable rural development in the rural regions of Jiroft County. The collection of the indices offered in this research can be utilized as a pattern for analyzing the level of ICT-based sustainable development in the other rural regions; additionally, this collection can assist the rural development planners in offering development programs and policies.
Rural Planning
Vahid Riyahi; farhad javan
Volume 22, Issue 65 , November 2018, , Pages 183-203
Abstract
During recent years, Iran’s rural settlements have a particular distribution pattern according to the environmental and socio-economic forces. Among the geographical factors play an important role in the deployment and distribution of rural settlements, Some of these factors can be have a more ...
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During recent years, Iran’s rural settlements have a particular distribution pattern according to the environmental and socio-economic forces. Among the geographical factors play an important role in the deployment and distribution of rural settlements, Some of these factors can be have a more effective role than other factors, This study aimed to evaluate the role of geographical factors in the distribution of rural settlements in the Zanjan county in order to determine more important factor or factors than other factors. Also, the zoning map of rural areas prepared in three different types of deployment in rural communities with suitable, relatively suitable and unsuitable seat. In order to achieve this goal, 8 natural factors, including rivers, fault, rainfall, temperature, evaporation, elevation, slope, lithology, selected as factors in deployment of rural settlements. In the study, maps of factors digitally prepared by using Arc GIS software and then weighted by using AHP model in Expert Choice software. The results show that 31% of rural settlements in Zanjan county, with 103 villages, have suitable deployment pattern, 149 villages (45%) have relatively suitable, and 81 villages (24%) are located in a pattern of unsuitable deployment, that almost all of them were located in the northeast of the county. Hence, attention to safety planning and crisis management in rural settlements, with unsuitable position, is very essential.
Rural Planning
Mohammad Akbarpour; Firouz Jafari; Yashar Karimi
Abstract
Address the situation of rural housing is one of the basic programs of rural development in developing countries is most counties, especially. Due to the different nature of housing in rural areas andfunction its purpose, must-have features that are rural housing, housing in many rural areas, however, ...
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Address the situation of rural housing is one of the basic programs of rural development in developing countries is most counties, especially. Due to the different nature of housing in rural areas andfunction its purpose, must-have features that are rural housing, housing in many rural areas, however, the function of climate, vegetation and location are settlements.The purpose of this study was to investigate the rural housing in rural areas of the central part Hashtroud and evaluation criteria for affordable housing is a vision of society.Methodology The survey questionnaire is based on information collected in the questionnaire using SPSS statistical software was used.The research findings indicate that the residents of housing strength and resistance against disaster, not satisfied with the condition of heating and cooling systems and design and landscape standards of housing as well.Other findings indicate that the criteria related to adequate housing, building resistance against disasters and environmental health in the first place, area and size of housing, facades, new architecture and the use of local materials is the next priority.
Mohammad Zaheri; Nahid Kargar; Bahareh Rahimipour
Volume 17, Issue 43 , October 2013, , Pages 123-144
Abstract
Spatial interactions and functional relationships between cities and surrounding regions such as rural areas, located in their hinterland, gradually lead to different changes in their different spheres. Among important changes mainly affected by cities and seen in some rural areas of Iran in recent decades, ...
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Spatial interactions and functional relationships between cities and surrounding regions such as rural areas, located in their hinterland, gradually lead to different changes in their different spheres. Among important changes mainly affected by cities and seen in some rural areas of Iran in recent decades, there are functional changes originated from promoting rural tourism in them. Rural areas of Tabriz metropolitan are not excluded from of this rule and they are experiencing significant functional changes by formatting and promoting construction of second houses as a form of rural tourism. To explain how the functional changes are made and effective factors on them three village of Tabriz hinterland, have been chosen as reprehensive villages and were examined. Methods in present study are descriptive, analytical and we examined and express the relationships among research variables. The document method was used to review previous works and their changes and developments. This was a practical study in terms of our ultimate goal. The findings of this study show that these changes mainly have occurred during recent years and construction of second houses have to converting a significant proportion of agricultural function of these villages to entertainment-leisure function and also imposing major changes on land use of these villages.
mir Sattar Sadrmousavi; Mir heydar Talebzade
Volume 17, Issue 44 , September 2013, , Pages 215-235
Abstract
Diagnosis and study of possibilities and limitations is the first step of the process of planning for development of rural areas. For so doing, determining and analyzing levels of development of villages is crucially important. This is usually done by using quantitative methods. The main purpose of this ...
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Diagnosis and study of possibilities and limitations is the first step of the process of planning for development of rural areas. For so doing, determining and analyzing levels of development of villages is crucially important. This is usually done by using quantitative methods. The main purpose of this paper is to determine and to analyze of development level of rural areas of county of Chaldran in northwest of West Azerbaijan Province. For this purpose, 38 variables of population, education, infrastructure, framework, health, administrative, services and economic indexes at township level have been employed. Moriss Model and coefficient of variation method have been used for analysis. Finally, using ArcGIS software, the results of classification of townships by all indexes have been provided as maps. According to findings of the research, none of the townships of the county can be considered as developed, four townships can be classified as developing and one is less developed. Regarding the distribution of facilities and services, the index of infrastructure–framework holds the least and the index of educational–cultural holds the most level of equilibrium
Majid Yasuri; Jafar Javan; Zohreh Saboonchi
Volume 16, Issue 40 , September 2012, , Pages 201-228
Abstract
Integration projects in rural areas of lands have several benefits. The most important effects of consolidation plans include: economic, social and environmental aspects. The purpose of this research is to study the social effects of land consolidation projects in rural area, in Arak district. The data ...
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Integration projects in rural areas of lands have several benefits. The most important effects of consolidation plans include: economic, social and environmental aspects. The purpose of this research is to study the social effects of land consolidation projects in rural area, in Arak district. The data of this study was collected through completing questionnaires from whole households and interviewing some local experts connected to the “Ministry of Agriculture” and “Center for Consolidation Services” in Arak. The results show that in rural areas of Arak where consolidation projects were filled land consolidation has increased economic effects, as well as the water and land reduction saving the time and opportunity, social partnership, satisfaction on agricultural and social conditions.
