Urban Planning
farhad sheidaei; Abbas Heydari
Abstract
IntroductionGeo-marketing is a tool that uses geographic, or location-based, information to help companies put together marketing strategies and campaigns. Using digital mapping to organize and display data enables marketers to analyze data by region or a particular physical location. Geo-marketing can ...
Read More
IntroductionGeo-marketing is a tool that uses geographic, or location-based, information to help companies put together marketing strategies and campaigns. Using digital mapping to organize and display data enables marketers to analyze data by region or a particular physical location. Geo-marketing can be used to choose a website for a new business or branch, determining key locations for advertising, displaying website content that is distinct to a user’s origin, and offering online advertising based on a user’s location. Other applications include showing how a customer segment might be distributed in particular. Geo-marketing is a new way of knowledge-based marketing, which is supported by digital maps and specialized GIS software. Knowledge-based marketing use packaged information such as marketing information systems, such as model building, data mining, etc., to determine customer profiles, deviation analysis, and trend analysis. Location Intelligence is a technical way to organize spatial data with business and human data in a geographically correct way in order to reveal hidden relationships that may lead to benefitting a business and/or avoiding spatially wrong located investments. Digital urban environments and e-cities in the rapidly evolving world have created many opportunities for people's living, working and entertaining environments. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide a model based on e-city management for the development of e-cities with the data theory approach which was particularly applied for Tabriz city as a case study. This research was in the framework of a qualitative approach and by applying the data research method of the foundation. The data collection approach was semi-structured interviews and 28 experts were selected using purposive sampling method to collect information. Data analysis was performed in three stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding in GIS environment. Based on that, a qualitative research model was applied. MethodsThe research methodology was developed based on the GIScience approaches. This technology is the spearhead of geospatial research in a) the connection between technology and thinking, b) training and, c) professional upgrade. All of the above tools are essential for the improvement of a business because they are real time data, they can collect, visualize and analyze their client’s assets in real-time in combination with the real world of a satellite image or any other aerial imagery (i.e. image from a drone) and the process of the data in real-time. This allows an almost instant updating of the maps used by the business. This can be done when the business uses web mapping software in order to update its database. All web mapping software is on the cloud and gives the opportunity to be used from any place any time by any employee of the company who has the right to do so. Also, the database is on the cloud and can be retrieved accordingly. Results and conclusionThe results of the present study show the identification of 367 open sources, 22 subcategories or concepts, and 6 categories of extraction and their characteristics. In this regard, the extractive categories were categorized as follows: Causal conditions: lifestyle change, smart governance (participation), reduction of environmental damage and the development of new technology and social networks, pivotal conditions: individual and social requirements, achieving sustainable economic development and information technology, ruling context: Infrastructure platforms, electronic infrastructure, financial and legal indicators of the country and the status of communication networks, intervention conditions: managerial, educational and cultural anomalies, strategies: upgrading infrastructure, using the experiences of other countries and localizing them, establishment Electronic unit window, using IT managers, culture and education, consequences: improving the quality of services and welfare and satisfaction of citizens, comprehensive development of the country and reducing pollution, traffic and environmental damage. The results of the present study are of great importance in the development of concrete electronic city management on data processing techniques and can pave the way for future research for the implementation of electronic cities. Results also indicated that the Janbo store is well located spatially and has a chance to build up a successful business. Results of this research are of great importance for developing a GIS by bridging GIS and marketing and presenting a new approach for GIScience.
All other Geographic fields of studies , Interdisciplinary
afshin montazer alghaem; Mehri Azani; ahmad khademolhoseiny; amir gandomkar
Abstract
IntroductionSocial resilience plays an important role in social sustainability and solidarity in the face of urban crises. In this regard, the present study tried to use a "descriptive-analytical" method through a questionnaire of 383 people to make a comparative analysis of the quality of social resilience ...
Read More
IntroductionSocial resilience plays an important role in social sustainability and solidarity in the face of urban crises. In this regard, the present study tried to use a "descriptive-analytical" method through a questionnaire of 383 people to make a comparative analysis of the quality of social resilience components in the twenty-first and twenty-first districts of Tehran. Citizens' opinions were collected according to Cochran's formula by sampling and relative allocation based on population size. The results showed that the quality of realization and enjoyment of social resilience components in the three study areas was different based on multivariate analysis of variance 1, and the results showed that the public trust index in region one as one of the most prosperous areas of Tehran. And informal participation index in the twelfth region as one of the middle-class regions and the index of the sense of spatial belonging in the twentieth region as one of the low-income regions had more priority, but in analyzing the priority of resilience components in the three regions Fuzzy TOPSIS 2 model and in all three regions, the knowledge index with (zone one with 0.555 fuzzy weight) (zone twelve with 0.576 fuzzy weight) and (zone twenty with 0.6451 fuzzy weight) had the greatest impact, respectively. Has accepted. As a result, it was found that the strategy to promote social resilience in the metropolis of Tehran should be in line with increasing the level of awareness and citizenship skills in all three areas of Tehran. Increase citizens in intra-group and social organizations. Also, improving the sense of spatial belonging and social identity in low-income urban areas should be a priority, in order to achieve a homogeneous and sustainable social resilience in the metropolis of Tehran. Data and Method The present study has been carried out with applied purpose and descriptive-analytical methodology with the aim of comparative analysis of quality assessment of the realization of social resilience components in three areas 1, 12 and 20 of Tehran metropolis. To collect descriptive or theoretical information, content reading of basic scientific text documents (valid articles and books) was used and to collect analytical data, a survey method with a questionnaire was used. According to the main questions posed for the present study to answer and assess the differences in understanding and having social resilience indicators in selected areas of multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and to answer how planning priorities to achieve the indicators Social resilience has been used in selected areas of Tehran metropolis Fuzzy TOPSIS model (FTOPSIS).Results and DiscussionThe results showed that the quality of realization and enjoyment of social resilience components in the three regions was different based on multivariate analysis of variance. The informal participation index in District 12 as one of the middle-class areas and the Index of Spatiality in District 20 as one of the lower areas had higher priority.In the analysis of the priority of resilience components in the three mentioned areas based on the fuzzy TOPSIS model and in all three areas of Tehran metropolis, it was found that the awareness index has received the most impact. Therefore, it is suggested that urban planners pay attention to the role of awareness in cultural development and increase citizenship literacy and associate cultural, media and educational institutions with urban development programs. Social skills, increasing awareness of risk reduction, and citizenship lifestyle issues enhanced the cultural development of cities, as well as the level of social resilience of all urban areas.ConclusionIn the present study, an attempt was made to study rich, relatively rich and low-income areas in the metropolis of Tehran by stratified sampling in terms of differences in having social resilience indicators and their priorities for realization in these areas. . Therefore, region1 was selected and studied as one of the prosperous regions, region 12 as one of the middle regions and region 20 as one of the socially inferior regions in Kalashahr, Tehran. The results showed that the quality of realization and enjoyment of social resilience components in the three regions was different based on multivariate analysis of variance. The informal participation index in District 12 as one of the middle-class areas and the Index of Spatiality in District 20 as one of the lower areas had higher priority, so it can be concluded that more urban culture development programs have the trust of low-income citizens. It has authority and the citizens of the middle and affluent classes in Tehran have less public trust in the goals of cultural and urban planning and their implementation by city and government managers. Also, the institutional trust of citizens in cultural and urban organizations and institutions is low. We see between cultural planning in the cities and strata of the middle and affluent class of Tehran, so attracting the trust of the middle and affluent classes of Tehran is one of the most important proposed strategies. And it is the duty of cultural creators and media managers to help city managers in increasing the public trust and institutional trust of the citizens of Tehran. Also, the level of citizen participation in urban development and management programs, especially in medium-sized urban areas such as District 12 is low, and the urban management system and structure of Tehran should be improved in favor of increasing formal and informal citizen participation and urban management models based on It is based on the participation of citizens, such as the model of urban governance in the metropolis of Tehran to be comprehensively developed and implemented. In the index of sense of spatial belonging, the feeling of satisfaction of the residents of region 1 is more than the 12th and 20th regions of Tehran, and the inhabitants of region 20 have less sense of spatial belonging, and this shows that Tehran And to create the citizenship relations of the residents between the middle, relatively rich and low-income classes of the city in a desirable way, and this causes a biological rift in the metropolis of Tehran, so paying attention to strengthening the sense of spatial belonging is also one of the strategies.However, in the analysis of the priority of resilience components in the three mentioned areas based on the fuzzy TOPSIS model and in all three areas of Tehran metropolis, it was found that the awareness index has received the most impact. Therefore, it is suggested that urban planners pay attention to the role of awareness in cultural development and increase citizenship literacy and associate cultural, media and educational institutions with urban development programs. Social skills, increasing awareness of risk reduction, and citizenship lifestyle issues enhanced the cultural development of cities, as well as the level of social resilience of all urban areas.Researchers and researchers in future studies can study the role and characteristics of resilience in achieving a sustainable urban ecosystem, especially in cities vulnerable to climate change. In the organizational dimension, media resilience and its relationship with cities can be a manifestation of future hypotheses for applied research.
Climatology
Seyed Hossein Mirmousavi; Zahara Taran
Abstract
Introduction
Dust is one of the most common climatic phenomena in arid and semi-arid regions of the world The phenomenon of dust is a natural occurrence and occurs in areas with vast areas of arid and desert areas, Lack vegetation and other surface coatings. Due to its presence in the arid and semi-arid ...
Read More
Introduction
Dust is one of the most common climatic phenomena in arid and semi-arid regions of the world The phenomenon of dust is a natural occurrence and occurs in areas with vast areas of arid and desert areas, Lack vegetation and other surface coatings. Due to its presence in the arid and semi-arid belt of the world, Iran is constantly exposed to local and synoptic dust and dust systems. In recent years, the phenomenon of dust in the Middle East has been increasing, Because it is one of the five regions of the world that has the highest dust production . Long periods of drought and inappropriate interventions in nature can increase the likelihood of this phenomenon.
In recent years, the trend of dust events in the west and south of Iran, especially in the spring and summer, has increased dramatically .This phenomenon is affected by certain atmospheric conditions and its distribution can affect the temperature, temperature, precipitation and atmospheric circulation conditions of the area during the months of the year.
Materials and methods
In this study, data of 56 years old (during 1961-2016) precipitation, temperature and dust on daily scale from 30 synoptic stations in the west and southwest of Iran were obtained from the country's meteorological organization. In line with this study, MATLAB, ArcGIS and SURFER softwares have been used. In order to analyze the information, recognition of fluctuations and the relationship between dust, temperature and precipitation have been used.
Results and discussion
Recognition of fluctuations and the relationship between dust, temperature and precipitation are investigated using regression, spectral analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient. Then it is represented by trend maps, cycles, and correlation tables. The results for the West and Southwest of Iran have been obtained and explained in detail.
Conclusion
The study of the spatial distribution of the trend shows that most of the stations studied in the dust and rainfall have an increasing trend and have been in a decreasing trend temperature. Spectral analysis of dust, dry days, and temperature showed that short-cycle cycles in addition to the most frequent distribution, showed a higher probability of occurrence than long-term periods. In most of the stations studied, the correlation of dust with temperature and dry days has a positive and direct, relationship with the rainfall has a negative and inverse relationship. The local mororan analysis for the spatial autocorrelation of dust with dry days in the western, northwest, northern and parts of the east of the study area has shown a high value cluster pattern (positive spatial autocorrelation). The spatial autocorrelation of dust with precipitation in the northeastern, eastern, and small parts of the southeast and west of the study area has a high cluster pattern (positive spatial autocorrelation). The spatial autocorrelation of dust with temperature in the eastern, western, and small parts of the south of the range has a high cluster pattern (positive spatial autocorrelation).
Urban Planning
pezhman mohamadi
Abstract
Introduction
Quality of life, as a concept, is an indicator of a person's level of satisfaction with life, in other words, a criterion for determining satisfaction and dissatisfaction of individuals and groups with different aspects of life. Quality of urban life is one of the most important areas ...
Read More
Introduction
Quality of life, as a concept, is an indicator of a person's level of satisfaction with life, in other words, a criterion for determining satisfaction and dissatisfaction of individuals and groups with different aspects of life. Quality of urban life is one of the most important areas of urban studies in different countries. In general, according to field research, and information obtained from the municipality, and relevant authorities, and comparison with the introduced standards, by credible sources, the quality of life in the neighborhoods of Shahrekord is low for various reasons. Comprehensive studies are needed in all specialties to serve urban managers and planners for urban development planning. Examining the quality of life in Shahrekord, causes the shortcomings and weaknesses of this city to be realized in this regard, and appropriate plans should be made based on them. Shahrekord, as one of the middle cities of the country, has witnessed a large migration of surrounding towns and villages in recent years and this has caused the quality of life to be somewhat in crisis due to marginalization and the presence and occurrence of people with different cultures. This makes it necessary to examine the quality of urban life in this city. This study aims to investigate and evaluate the quality of urban life in Shahrekord.
Data and Method
The method of this research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of methodology, at the same time, with the exploratory approach (causal) and survey technique, it is based on descriptive-analytical nature. The statistical population of this study, including all citizens of Shahrekord, in 2016, is 190441 people. The sample size, according to the Morgan table, is 383 people. The questionnaire has two dimensions of urban quality of life, with three sub-categories (social, economic, and physical), with 32 questions, and the Citizens' Satisfaction Questionnaire with 13 questions, the validity of which is formal, which has been approved by experts. The construct validity, which was confirmed by factor analysis, and its reliability, based on Cronbach's alpha, was confirmed to be 0.83. To analyze the data, statistical methods of one-sample T-test were used with SPSS software, and structural equation analysis based on Smart PLS software was used.
Results and Discussion
The quality of the urban environment is a measure of the quality of the living environment, which is the least desirable for urban life, and one of the factors influencing it is the amount and manner of social services, hierarchy in major urban applications and services, social security in urban spaces, access to urban spaces, location of uses, and the main spaces of the city, urban environment, performance of different parts of the city, ongoing activities in the urban environment, attention to the identity and culture of natives, etc. An important reason for such attention to the (concept) of quality, considering urban planning and design, simultaneously and interactively, is one of the solutions that can achieve the improvement of functional quality in urban spaces. The quality of urban life is usually measured by the mental characteristics of the survey, and assessing the citizens' perceptions and satisfaction of urban life, or by the objective characteristics of secondary data, and rarely by both types of characteristics. Therefore, concern about the quality of modern life is a feature of contemporary society, which can be a function of the quality of the environment. Also, degradation in the quality of the urban environment can be the result of some economic activities.
Conclusion
The results of this study reveal that the results of T-test analyzes show that the citizens of this area, in economic dimensions, which include the indicators of job opportunities, educational facilities, recreational facilities, and health facilities, are in above-average conditions. And from these indicators, the quality of urban life is in an acceptable position. Also, social indicators that include a sense of personal security, satisfaction with life's successes, relationships with neighbors, and satisfaction with a sense of belonging, according to the results obtained, are below the average of quality of life, and physical characteristics, which include satisfaction with aggregation. And waste disposal, green space, and parks, water quality, street condition, public transportation, the traffic situation in city affairs are lower than the average. In general, development planning in Shahrekord should be targeted and tailored to local resources and people's objective and mental needs, to help improve the quality of life of the city's residents. Also, it is necessary to improve the quality of life, as the main goal of urban and regional development projects. The level of citizens' satisfaction with the quality of their living environment is not at the desired physical level. Also, the results obtained from structural equations indicate that research relationships of the social index on citizen satisfaction, with path coefficient 0.19 and T=2.25, economic index on citizen satisfaction, with path coefficient 0.27 and T=2.74, physical index on citizen satisfaction, with a path factor of 0.61 and a value of T=3.85, are validated.
Geotourism
Masoomeh Mahdian Bahnamiry; M. Taghvaei
Abstract
Introduction Today, due to the historical processes, interests, education and needs of society, the fields of tourism have also changed. The fact is that many countries in their new tourism planning, creativity has become a strategy in the construction of places, so it is important knowing the importance ...
Read More
Introduction Today, due to the historical processes, interests, education and needs of society, the fields of tourism have also changed. The fact is that many countries in their new tourism planning, creativity has become a strategy in the construction of places, so it is important knowing the importance of the fact that development based on creativity and creative tourism, various negative factors of tourism development Reduces, as the creative living industry has received a lot of attention in these countries. In the category of creative tourism, creative tourism development strategies must be sensitive to the issue of local capacities. Because the mental image of the residents of that place is important for understanding the goals and behavioral attitudes and supporting the development of tourism. Despite the growth of tourism in the world and the slow and slow growth of tourism in Iran, tourism in Golestan province has not yet reached its true position due to the existing potential and actual capabilities. Although Golestan province is considered as the "tourist bottleneck" of the east of the country based on its geographical location and is a gateway to incoming tourists from the eastern provinces of the country, but so far has only played a "crossing" role and has not benefited from such a geographical location in the "geopolitics of domestic tourism", in this regard, the present article explains and analyzes the spatial distribution of creative tourism pragmatists in tourism areas of the townships of Golestan province.Data and Method The aim of this study was development research in terms of descriptive-analytical nature and based on survey and field method. The method of collecting the required data was based on library, documentary and field survey methods by referring to the relevant organizations. 27 sub-indexes (in the form of 232 variables) were used to evaluate the spatial distribution of creative tourism operators and practitioners of creative tourism, which has four dimensions of creative environment, creative process, creative product and creative class. In order to compare the studied cities in terms of spatial distribution status of creative tourism operators, first the weight and importance of all dimensions and sub-indices were obtained through a critical model. Then, 14 sample townships were compared with each other and ranked using EDAS multi-criteria decision making method based on the status of creative tourism operators. Results and Discussion Despite some attention and positive results of the conceptual and operational development of creative tourism in the country, so far, due to the rich local capacities in all areas of music, food, local games, dance, singing and local rituals, there is still a great distance to the realization of creative tourism aspirations in the country, Meanwhile Golestan province is no exception to this rule due to its abundant talents and capabilities. The objective and tangible result of these facts can be easily seen in the product of this study;The result of evaluating the four dimensions of creative environment, creative process, creative industries (product) and creative class in the spatial distribution of creative tourism creative operators in Golestan province, where there are many potential capacities for the development of creative tourism, whose analytical output shows in the townships of the province, in terms of environment, out of 14 townships in the province, 7 townships are in a completely unfavorable situation. However Maraveh Tappeh township with the highest percentage of rural population (85.8%) has been identified as a natural habitat for car trees and rare medicinal plants.It is obvious that the study and planning of the development and consolidation of this one case (medicinal plants), itself will have a dramatic effect on economic development in the first step and the development of creative tourism in the region.The results of this study show that Gomishan township with two golf courses and an international wetland as well as the only township with marine handicraft production are among these townships.Certainly, in the production of these industries, what is important is the creativity of the individual to prepare and produce the most beautiful products with these objects and her imagination.In the creative process dimension, Azadshahr, Ramyan and Aliabad have been more successful than other townships by holding workshops, art and cultural training classes, and various festivals, and have been in a completely favorable position in terms of this dimension. n the creative class dimension, the situation is far more favorable than other dimensions of creative tourism practitioners, so that Turkmen, Kordkoy, Kalaleh and Minoodasht have a better situation in terms of creative class than other dimensions of creativity. This situation is partly due to the optimal use of industries and creative products in these areas, while other cities have not been able to take full advantage of the potential in the region. As it is evident in the findings, Gorgan township is in a very favorable situation in other cases except for one case (creative process). It is obvious that such a situation is due to the concentration of attention on the first city and the center of the province so that geographical inequality in the urban and service system of the province, disproportionate distribution of population, infrastructure facilities and activities and the tendency to polarization are among the management factors involved in these regional imbalances. ConclusionIn summary, the results of this study show that creative tourism operators in the townships of Golestan province are not in a good position. In explaining this issue, according to the objective studies conducted from the results of studies, observations and interviews, the spatial distribution of the dimensions of creative tourism operators in the five townships of Maraveh Tappeh, Gomishan, Galikesh, Kordkoy and BandarGaz, has completely unfavorable conditions, while six townships of Minoodasht, Azadshahr, Aq Qala, Turkmen, Kalaleh and Ramyan have relatively unfavorable conditions in terms of having the dimensions of creative tourism operators. However, only Aliabad and Gonbad townships are in a state of moderate desirability, and ultimately Gorgan is the capital of the province, which is in a very favorable situation in terms of having the dimensions of creative tourism operators. The results of this study show that this province, despite the potential capacities for the development of creative tourism, is still far from the ideals of this important issue in line with the existing conditions of developed societies, which is the main concern of this paper, recognition, attention, recommendation, planning and development of this important issue as one of the most important channels of sustainable economy in the world.
Geotourism
Davood Omarzadeh; Samereh Pourmoradian; Khalil Valizadeh Kamran; Bakhtiar Feyzizadeh; Hoda Khalagehi
Abstract
We amid to identify and introduce nature-based tourism and its potentiality in West Azerbaijan province. The study area is famous for its environmental and natural landscapes which accordingly implies significant potentials for developing sustainable ecotourism which accordingly leads to improve the ...
Read More
We amid to identify and introduce nature-based tourism and its potentiality in West Azerbaijan province. The study area is famous for its environmental and natural landscapes which accordingly implies significant potentials for developing sustainable ecotourism which accordingly leads to improve the economic situation of this province as well. Within this research we applied GIS spatial decision support systems (SDSS) for data analysis and modelling the sustainable ecotourism in west Azerbaijan province. For this goal, 28 relevant criteria from different resources (e.g. physical properties, infrastructure, and facilities) were identified and processed using GIS-SDSS. GIS data aggregation method was applied to develop a final susceptibility map. Results indicated that about 57% of the study area represent a sustainability degree of moderate to significant for ecotourism development. The rest of 43 % basically locates in urban area, deserts resulted by Urmia lake drought which are not indicating a significance potential for ecotourism development. It has also to be highlighted in context of the 57 % there are also different level of sustainability in each area but results shows that ecotourism can be considered as one the main economic development in the study area. We conclude that, the obtained results are very important and critical for identifying nature-based tourism potential assessment. The results of this study provided valuable information for improving the situation as well organizing the sustainable ecotourism in the study area. Results are also great of important for decision makers and planners in light of developing a sustainable natural tourism.
Rural Planning
Samira Mahmoudi; Seyedeh Fatemeh Emami
Abstract
Introduction
Global goals such as the sustainable development of the United Nations as well as the requirements and commitments of the private sector such as supply chains sustainably manner cause growing demand for sustainable investment opportunities in the food and agriculture sectors. Thus, the ...
Read More
Introduction
Global goals such as the sustainable development of the United Nations as well as the requirements and commitments of the private sector such as supply chains sustainably manner cause growing demand for sustainable investment opportunities in the food and agriculture sectors. Thus, the expansion of investment in agriculture and related industries in the form of public and private investment can create more job opportunities in rural areas and thus prevent the migration of villagers to cities and increase the growth rate of the agricultural sector. However, in such conditions, due to uncertainty, the ability to assess the real risk (as opposed to perceived risk) and the availability of risk reduction tools are the main elements of investment decisions, regardless of the type of investor or even the provision of financial resources. In this framework, the concept of "investment readiness" has emerged as a tool to guide policies and programs aimed at reducing barriers to investment in small and medium-sized businesses.
Based on research, social capital, including social networks and norms, values and attitudes distributed in such networks, have shown a positive effect on economic growth, financial development, joint investments, trade and entrepreneurship. With a reduction in natural resources for local and regional development and the tendency to converge in human capital, social capital has become increasingly important for economic growth. Social capital leads to risky economic decisions by increasing the sense of power in people. In other words, social capital can moderate risk tolerance in people related to local community, since it provides a way to provide individual risks. For example, Bloch et al. (2008) stated that social capital provides an informal insurance mechanism that can increase risk-taking in economic investors. Also, in some studies, scientists have considered social capital as a valuable resource that expands access to various other sources, including financial resources, market information, and customers.
Data and Method
The present study was applied in terms of method and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. The data collection method in the present study was a combination of library and survey methods (direct observation and questionnaire). The statistical population of the study included owners of rice-threshing factories located in rural areas of Someh Sara city. There are 55 rice-threshing factories in the study area, and a questionnaire was completed for all the people in the area. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for internal consistency and reliability of the questionnaire. For this purpose, 20 questionnaires were completed in the pre-test stage and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.751 was obtained, indicating a good level of reliability of the questionnaire.
Results and Discussion
The results revealed that the mean score of the observed sense of security is 3.1 with a standard deviation of 0.3, which is significantly different from the standard score (3). From the investors' point of view, the most sense of security was in the area of supportive security with a mean of 3.26, followed by economic, political, geographical and legal security, respectively. The results of Pearson correlation showed a direct and positive relationship between social capital and geographical security, supportive security, political security and social security and a negative relationship between social capital and sense of legal security. In addition, investigating the relationship between investment security and social capital indicators showed a significant direct and positive relationship between investment security and social capital indicators (other than social participation). Moreover, based on the results of regression analysis and the coefficient of determination (0.799), independent variables explained about 80% of sense of investment security in the sample population. Thus, for systematically explaining of the effect of social capital indicators on investors' sense of security and achieve a comprehensive model, the multivariate technique of path analysis was used and the direct and indirect effects of the desired variables were examined in a model.
According to the research results, indicators of legal security, political security, geographical security, social security in relation to the variable of investment security as well as indicators of institutional performance and institutional trust and interpersonal and generalized trust and social participation in relation to the social capital variable were among the factors affecting the sense of investment security. In this regard, the direct factors affecting the sense of security of rural investors include legal security, political security, geographical security, social security, institutional performance and trust, respectively. Factors that indirectly affect the sense of security of investors also include social networks (through indicators of economic security and social security), social solidarity (through indicators of supportive security, social security, legal security, political security and geographical security), social participation (through institutional performance indicators and social security), and legal security (through indicators of geographical security, political security, supportive security, social security and institutional performance).
Conclusion
Although in some cases, business enterprises make risky investments with the hope of achieving high returns, investment is a process that is not compatible with risk. In such conditions, governments can play a major role. In fact, development-oriented governments are obliged to review and reform the rules and regulations, reduce bureaucracies, increase the transparency of licensing, and pave the way for economic activities and investment, especially in vulnerable and deprived rural areas, since institutional performance, institutional trust and social networks were identified as the most effective indicators of social capital in the sense of security of rural investors. As observed, Someh Sara has a great capacity in the area of fish farming (ranked second in terms of fish production in the province) and a great variety of crops (rice, beans, watermelon, peanuts, beans, garlic) and garden products (strawberries, apples, pomegranates, peaches, nectarines and pears). However, it does not have much variety in conversion and complementary industries, and even no investment has been made in some products such as fish processing, peanuts and strawberries. Nothing special has happened. However, if safe conditions are provided for investment by relying on social capital indicators, the special capabilities of the city in the area of sustainable rural and even regional development can be used.
Geotourism
Hamid Nazari sarmazeh; Skandar Seidaiy
Abstract
Introduction
The tourism industry, as one of the strategies for rural development, has many capabilities for innovation and entrepreneurship; on the other hand, the development of entrepreneurship in low-income communities is an acceptable strategy to fight against poverty. This enterprise is due to ...
Read More
Introduction
The tourism industry, as one of the strategies for rural development, has many capabilities for innovation and entrepreneurship; on the other hand, the development of entrepreneurship in low-income communities is an acceptable strategy to fight against poverty. This enterprise is due to various factors and the whole process cannot be considered without respecting the factors affecting it. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the factors affecting tourism entrepreneurship and how they interact with each other to develop a roadmap and tourism policy.
Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province is recognized as one of the main natural tourism centers of Iran. Understanding the factors affecting entrepreneurship in the tourism industry is important for two reasons in this province and the county of Koohrang: First, the province is now one of the main destinations for rural tourism and tourism, and the lack of a decent policy about tourism entrepreneurship has led to the huge potential of tourism to be used in the development of employment in a small way. On the other hand, one of the most important strategies in the development perspective of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province has been developed based on the tourism industry. Knowing the factors that affect entrepreneurship and considering all its aspects, can provide a desirable platform for the development of the tourism industry and the formulation of micro and macro policies. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer these questions: What are the fundamental factors in the development of tourism entrepreneurship? And which forms of combining these factors can have a greater impact on the development of tourism entrepreneurship?
Methodology
This study was of an applied type, nature and method were descriptive-survey. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing 5 components and it's content and face validity were approved by experts and its reliability was determined: the socio-cultural index: 0.75, economic: 0.84, environmental: 0.68, infrastructure: 0.71, and for tourism entrepreneurship: 0.77 by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The fs/QCA fuzzy set comparative analysis was used for the analysis. The population of the study is Koohrang county residents over 20 years. By using Sample power SPSS software, 254 cases were selected according to the purpose of the study and case study were selected by stratified random sampling.
Results
According to the results of the study, 88% were men and 12% were women. Their average age was 38 years; in terms of education, the highest number of people had diplomas with 33.2 and about 24.3% of the studied sample had a university education. Employment status: The highest number of jobs were in agriculture and herdsman with 35.2% and about 28.1% were unemployed. Condition and result in the analysis were conducted by using qualitative comparative analysis of fuzzy set and the analysis steps were applied as follows: After calibrating and standardizing the data, the analysis was continued by using the truth table algorithm, classification of conditions and finally X, Y To terminate the schematic, the effect of the sum of the conditions on the desired result in fs / QCA software was terminated.
Conclusion
The results showed that different causal paths and different educational indicators influenced the development of rural tourism entrepreneurship, but the type and extent of their effects are different. Among the proposed conditions, the infrastructural conditions have the most support and accompaniment with the development of tourism entrepreneurship. The findings of the study on the development of the county development landscape, especially the issue of entrepreneurship and tourism entrepreneurship are important. Understanding the various influencing factors will help to make the right planning and policy for the development of tourism entrepreneurship. On the other hand, considering that tourism is a community and people-oriented trade, policy-making, in order to prepare the necessary socio-cultural, economic, infrastructural and environmental contexts, can provide a clear perspective for tourism entrepreneurship in Koohrang County.
Rural Planning
Mahdi Naderianfar; Sirous Ghanbari; Javad Bazrafshan
Abstract
Introduction Sistan region also has special environmental characteristics due to its location in arid and desert region. Low rainfall, high temperature and evaporation, poor vegetation, dependence of the region on the Helmand River water, intermittent reduction or cessation of ...
Read More
Introduction Sistan region also has special environmental characteristics due to its location in arid and desert region. Low rainfall, high temperature and evaporation, poor vegetation, dependence of the region on the Helmand River water, intermittent reduction or cessation of the annual Helmand River water and the occurrence of droughts, the presence of alluvial soil with alternating layers of sand and clay and 120-day winds and the consequent occurrence of dust and the formation of quicksands, cause fragile and sensitive environmental conditions prevail in the region. In addition, in this region, after the closure of the border and the creation of a security wall at its periphery (which practically eliminated the concrete wall, the possibility of border crossings), water played the largest role in the economic, social and political development of the region. The reason for the increase in investment in the implementation of water control and diversion projects upstream (Afghanistan) and the restriction of water entering the Sistan plain, water should be considered as a very valuable commodity. Therefore, in the circumstances that the severity of water limitation in most villages of Sistan is a serious issue, paying attention to increasing water consumption efficiency and improving its productivity will be an inevitable necessity (Asghari Lafmajani and Naderianfar, 2012). According to studies, increasing water efficiency using pressurized and semi-pressurized systems from wells and reservoirs will increase from 20% to 90% and water transfer with piping system is more economically justified than water transmission system with It has open canals (Piri et al., 2014). The region is designed to increase the economic power of the villagers with the sustainability approach. The sustainability zone has been designed in 766 villages of Sistan in the form of 2137 groups of 20 hectares of water. An overview of scientific texts related to the subject of research shows that many researches have been done in relation to environmental issues and its effects; However, no research has been done on the impact of irrigation projects on environmental sustainability and there is a gap in studies in this field. Therefore, the present study, in the framework of a systemic approach, analyzes the spatial-spatial changes of the impact of the 46,000-hectare Sistan plain irrigation project on the environmental sustainability of rural areas of Hamoon city.Results and discussionThe statistical population of the study includes 159 villages of Hamoon city with a total population of 66,675 people and 19,133 households. To achieve the desired results, villages with a population of more than 20 households were identified and then among these villages, with the opinion of social and technical experts, 40 villages in which the irrigation network was implemented and operated (10 villages in each development area) with a total population of 10150 people. And 3477 households were surveyed as sample villages. The sample size of households living in villages was determined based on Cochran's formula of 346 households, which were finally distributed according to the number of households in the sample villages of the questionnaires.Conclusion The study of the distribution of the studied villages in terms of the level of environmental sustainability before the implementation of the project shows that the villages with poor stability are mainly far from the wells and in low water years when the inflow of Helmand River to the region is somewhat reduced. He finds that the agricultural activities of these villages are completely stopped. Meanwhile, with the implementation of the water transfer plan to the agricultural lands of the villagers, there have been positive changes in the environmental stability of almost 30% of the villages compared to the past.
All other Geographic fields of studies , Interdisciplinary
Seyyed Hadi Tabibnia; Faeze Ebrahimipour; Farokhlagha Bahadori
Abstract
Introduction
Today, the issue of development is a concern of many countries. And many local authorities around the world have already begun long-term development for the community and have perfected international best practices for comprehensive development planning and analysis. The central district ...
Read More
Introduction
Today, the issue of development is a concern of many countries. And many local authorities around the world have already begun long-term development for the community and have perfected international best practices for comprehensive development planning and analysis. The central district of Jiroft township has been selected as the scope of the present study; Which in various fields affecting development, has a considerable distance from national and international standards; In terms of development indicators, it is one of the deprived areas of Iran and in this regard, it is a considerable distance from international standards. Different areas affecting poverty, lack of educational facilities, lack of infrastructure and infrastructure are some of the factors that have made it inevitable to address the issue of development in this region. Distribution of selected indicators in the sustainable development of rural areas in the central district of Jiroft.
Data and Method
In line with the purpose and the question; The nature of this research is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose and based on library studies. The statistical population of this research is the five rural districts of the central district of Jiroft township and the sample size has been omitted. Selected indicators have been collected through the statistical yearbook of the Statistics Center of Iran in 2016. It should be noted that in the first stage, about 80 indicators were selected and in the final selection process, considering the discussion of access to statistical and spatial data, the number of indicators was classified and adjusted to seven general indicators. After extracting the indicators, the weight of the indicators was obtained using the TOPSIS model. At this stage, the rank of rural areas in the central district of Jiroft township was obtained with emphasis on selected indicators; Then, for spatial analysis of the weights obtained from the Shannon entropy stage of the TOPSIS model, and in the next stage, spatial maps were drawn using cluster and non-cluster analysis.
Results and Discussion
Accordingly, the present study has extracted and studied seven development indicators according to the selected sub-indicators to measure the development of rural areas in the central district of Jiroft township. According to the distribution of the mentioned indicators; It can be concluded that the scope of research is very different from the standards of development and the indicators of development are not normal and balanced. On the other hand, measuring the development indicators of the research area shows; That the study area is not of equal value. The analysis of the findings shows that Halil village is developing in terms of sustainable development indicators. Esfahan, Islamabad, are in a semi-privileged state and Dolatabad and Khatunabad are in a deprived situation; This indicates an unfavorable situation and far from the desired standards of development at the global and national levels in the study area.
The results of this study on the level of development with the results of United Nations research (1991); Andriant (2001); Ghanbari et al. (2010); Aliaei and Azizi (1397); Mohammad Manan and Reisi (2015), which were mentioned in the background section of the research, are consistent. Accordingly, all of the above research confirms the lack of equitable distribution of services and facilities, as well as the lack of careful planning for regional development, regional inequality, and the lack of integrated development.
Conclusion
The analysis shows that Halil County is developing in terms of sustainable development indicators. Esfaandaghe, Islamabad, are in a semi-privileged state and Dolatabad and Khatunabad are in a deprived situation; This indicates an unfavourable situation and far from the desired standards of development at the global and national levels in the study area.
Also, in order to find regional inequalities and eliminate these inequalities, it is necessary to level the regions and regions in terms of development. By recognizing regional inequalities and ranking them at the district and regional level, better management of regions can be done and according to strategies such as creating planning areas at the provincial, city and district levels, implementing policies. And bottom-up programs Given that most decisions are made in Kerman province in Kerman city, such centralist policies should be reduced and special attention should be paid to the opportunities and limitations of each townships. These are some of the things that can help reduce inequality in the area under study.
Urban Planning
jamshid Nagiloo; hasan sattari sarbangoli; Mohammad Reza Pakdelfard; Shabnam Akbari Nam,dar
Abstract
Introduction Socio-economic transformations and its metamorphoses in the some natural, environmental and sociological spheres have reached to complex stage that epistemological reading of it needs to readout of the philosophical and theosophy and literacy tradition on the lived and non-lived ...
Read More
Introduction Socio-economic transformations and its metamorphoses in the some natural, environmental and sociological spheres have reached to complex stage that epistemological reading of it needs to readout of the philosophical and theosophy and literacy tradition on the lived and non-lived experience of communities at the length of history. The most important factor of this situation is the dialectic of change that twin of modernity that firstly it has been revealed in the context of the city. Modernity as the driving force of development has created the city- change foundation. Dialectical signification of change , is firstly the complexity of the situation and then multiple crisis that come down on city in other word disasters are concentrated in cities. Urban resilience paradigm is the provision of urban planning knowledge based on probabilities and growth of complexities. The theory of the resilience over the past four decades was developed to explain the sudden changes in socio- ecological systems. Resilience is the capacity of a system against the internal or external changes. Urban resilience is the multi-dimensional and therefore we consider analyzing of interaction and strength and weakness and threats and opportunity points of various dimensions of city system an by the way finding of minimum, middle and maximum optimum points in this debt. Olazabal and Chelleri have been reached to this conclusion that in order to rising of resilience , cities have to stepwise change about way of life, services, infrastructure, access to labor market and also organizational and commercial types. Because of this in the literature about resilience, terms such as protective factors, adaptive reactions, results and principled mechanisms are understood. resilience Infrastructures of Zanjan city is affected by both it's natural- absolute geography and by it's relative- human geography at the local and national level and scales. Data and Method The logic of the research , of course, is deductive reasoning. For this purpose, first, the basic theory of urban resilience that has been proposed in recent years was considered. Then by explanatory- analytical method, the indicators of this theory have been used for experimental expression in the field of the research. Results and Discussion Finally according to the evaluation of the average values of resilience from the sample areas can be said in fact there is downward trend in the rate of social resilience respectively from the neighborhoods of Karmandan and Sabzehmeydan to the Engelab square to Amirkabir neighborhoods. Descriptive analysis of the socio- cultural dimensions data of the resilience shows that the average resilience rate for all sample household is 97.42. this amount is equal to 152.067 for households of Karmandan, Sabzeh Meydan to Enghelab Square is 141.65 and Amirkabir is 139.72. ConclusionsNatural hazards are not considered as natural destructive phenomena in the first view. They repeatedly occur in the nature. Today the most important hazards include earthquake, flood, storm, tsunamis, drought , landslide, volcano etc. countries around the world considering different management methods to deal with different types of risks in order to be able to implement risk reduction program. Resilience approach in order to strengthen of society capabilities and also reduce their vulnerability, promotes resilience of urban settlements . thus " analyzing and increasing resilience against natural disaster" has become more important and widespread area. So that currently discussed about simultaneous and reciprocal movement of sustainable development and disaster management toward increasing of resilience. Accordingly the analysis and increase of resilience of human and environmental systems against natural disasters in order to achieve the goal of sustainable development has been particular importance.
Climatology
younes nikookhesal; Ali Akbar Rasouli; Davod Mokhtari; Khalil Valizadeh Kamran
Abstract
IntroductionThe water cycle in nature is directly related to the climate of that region. Reasonable and correct use of water resources requires accurate quantitative and qualitative knowledge and collection of appropriate climate data and information. Depletion of groundwater reservoirs, drying of canals ...
Read More
IntroductionThe water cycle in nature is directly related to the climate of that region. Reasonable and correct use of water resources requires accurate quantitative and qualitative knowledge and collection of appropriate climate data and information. Depletion of groundwater reservoirs, drying of canals and springs and even semi-deep wells and reduction of deep well discharge, change of groundwater flow direction, salinization of aquifers, salinization of soil due to irrigation with saline water, barren The emergence of fields, soil erosion, etc. has put most of the plains of the country at risk of further desertification (Tavousi, 2009: 14).Atmospheric precipitation is the main source of surface and groundwater and the study area is poor in terms of atmospheric precipitation and its amount is between 150 to 450 mm per year, which varies in plain and mountainous areas. The climate of the region is semi-arid and cold and is mostly influenced by the Mediterranean climate. Due to the fact that groundwater is the most important source of water consumption in the study area, the impact of climate change, especially precipitation on the water table of wells in the area was investigated in this study.Materials and methodsTo study the trend of groundwater level changes in Marand plain, water table data of 23 piezometric wells and data of 8 rain gauge stations during the last 16 years of 1395-1395 were used. After using the correlation matrix method to select rainfall stations and considering the complete statistical data and appropriate coverage of the area by these stations, 4 stations were selected for the study and for each station, a piezometric well was selected within the station. This research was first calculated using precipitation data and water table of piezometric wells SPI and SWI values and then NRMC values for each index, respectively, in each method are briefly referred to:Calculate SPI and plot seasonal SPI variations of selected stationsThe standardized rainfall index was provided by McKay et al. (1993, 1995) to provide a warning and help assess drought severity and is calculated by the following formula: Relation 1: SPI = (X_ij-X_im) / σIn the above relation, X_ij is the seasonal rainfall at rainfall station i, with j number of observations, X_im is the long-term average rainfall and σ is the standard deviation.Calculate SWI and plot the seasonal SWI of selected wells The standard water level index was presented in 2004 by Bui Yan et al. (2006) to monitor fluctuations in groundwater aquifers in the study of hydrological droughts, which is calculated by the following formula:Relation 2: SWI = (W_ij-W_im) / σWhere W_ij is the seasonal average of the water table of observation wells i to j, W_im is the long-term seasonal average and σ is the standard deviation.Calculate the NRMC values of each indicator and plot the normalized distribution curveIn this method, seasonal normalized distribution curves were adjusted for both SPI and SWI indices. Cumulative normalized curve is a kind of condensation diagram of a climatic or hydrological variable (such as precipitation and water table) that is extracted from the subtraction of each observation in the statistical series of the long-term average and its division by the average according to the following formula. (Rasooli, 1994)Relation 3: NRMC xi = ( (Xi-X m) / ({(Xi-X ̅m) / X ̅m}) ) * 100 In the above formula, Xi represents the amount of each rainfall observation or the amount of water table and X ̅m is the long-term average in the series of observations.Results and DiscussionInvestigation of normalized distribution curves showed a correlation between precipitation changes and groundwater level in Marand plain. This correlation has a higher significance with a delay season. Shamsipoor (2003) in Hamedan plain achieved a 9-month delay between precipitation and water table. Mohammadi et al. (2012) in Arak plain expressed the impact of groundwater resources from drought with a delay of two months. The results of the study (Rudel and Lee 2014) in the study of groundwater drought index in the United States showed that the SPI drought index with a delay of 12 and 24 months had the highest correlation with the SWI index.ConclusionConsidering the more fluctuations of the water table than the fluctuations of the rainfall, it can be concluded that human factors such as uncontrolled harvesting is an effective factor on the water level of wells. Komasi et al. (2016) stated the effect of human factors on the decrease of groundwater level before the factor of climate change in Silakhor plain. Calculations showed that the value of correlation for both SPI and SWI indices in the nonlinear multivariate equation is higher than the value of the linear equation, which indicates the effect of several other factors in addition to precipitation fluctuations on the groundwater level. According to the results of the study, it seems that the groundwater level in addition to precipitation depends on other factors such as geology, lithology, tectonic morphology, the shape of the aquifer, the distance of aquifers to the feeding site and .... And to achieve more complete results, it seems necessary to address these factors in future research.
Urban Planning
elnaz hadi; mohammadreza pourmohammadi; hadi hakimi; elham hadi
Abstract
Introduction
Investigations on the rates of damages and casualties caused by earthquake in the cities have shown that in many cases, high percentage of casualties are directly or indirectly associated with undesirable state of urban planning and urban risks reduction. In fact, it can be said that the ...
Read More
Introduction
Investigations on the rates of damages and casualties caused by earthquake in the cities have shown that in many cases, high percentage of casualties are directly or indirectly associated with undesirable state of urban planning and urban risks reduction. In fact, it can be said that the major causes of damages and casualties caused by the earthquake, in addition to the negligence and nonchalance in observing the safety standards of structures, can also be resulted from the lack of appropriate urban development principles and plans. It is noteworthy that one of the issues of urbanization and urban planning that can be effective in reducing the earthquake effects and incrementing the urban Resilience is the compatibility of various forms of urban usages versus each other.
Data and Method
The term resilience is derived from the Latin word "Resilio" which means “to return (or to bounce back) suddenly”. The concept of resilience has undergone many changes throughout the time. Although the existing interpretations for this term are complex and diverse, but what is certain is that there is a close relationship between disaster risk, resilience and the built environment. In this context, consideration of resilience as the ability to organize the threats posed by accidents as well as the ability to attract people and resistance against disasters- while still retaining essentially the same function - is particularly concerning. Thus, it can be concluded that the characteristic of returning to the situation that existed before the disturbance occurred, and also improving the situation, for further development of the system, is called resilience.
By compatibility factor in planning, we mean the land use compatibility, which means that the use of lands that are within the sphere of influence of each other, should be consistent with each other in terms of compatibility, stability and activities and do not cause problems for one another or impede others from accomplishing their activities.
Results and Discussion
In this study, considering the proximity of urban usages relative to each other and using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the urban usage compatibility of district 4 in Tabriz was assessed. For this aim, first all urban usages in the study area were classified in 10 classes and the compatibility of each usage relative to other usages were studied. Then the usage layers were combined in GIS software by AHP model and finally, the compatibility map of urban usages for district 4 was obtained.
Conclusion
The results show that 5.9 % of the urban land usages in district 4 are totally incompatible with each other and 43.9 % of the urban usages are completely compatible with each other in the case of an earthquake. In general it can be said that most parts of the district 4 of Tabriz are in good condition in terms of the index of the urban land use compatibility and in case of an earthquake, less damage will be imposed on this area. Only the lands used for industries and workshops as well as municipal, administrative and military facilities are not in proper conditions in terms of the compatibility factor. So, on the basis of GIS-generated maps, because of incompatibility of industrial, municipal, administrative and military land uses, it is necessary to take effective measures in order to create a favorable environment in the city; because neglecting and disregarding the importance of the compatibility of these land uses can be dangerous for the surrounding area and it can increase the casualties caused by the earthquake in an area.
Urban Planning
Vahid Mostofi; mahsa faramarzi; rasoul darskhan
Abstract
Introduction One of the main approaches to the physical-spatial development of metropolises is to use the maximum available capacities of the city and minimize its limitations by using all available resources of the city. This approach requires planning in the form of intermittent development, and non-use ...
Read More
Introduction One of the main approaches to the physical-spatial development of metropolises is to use the maximum available capacities of the city and minimize its limitations by using all available resources of the city. This approach requires planning in the form of intermittent development, and non-use of resources and lands outside the city, if there are internal resources and uses, including brown and unused lands, and especially polluting. The importance of endogenous urban development for the management and reuse of brown lands is such that the abandonment of these lands will greatly cause damage to local communities and inefficient physical spatial management of the city in the future. On the other hand, these lands, due to their characteristics, are polluting and causing environmental damage to a large extent, threatening the health of local communities. However, achieving a scientific and operational mechanism is very important in providing a suitable model for mid-term development based on the optimal management of brown lands. The metropolis of Tabriz, as a trans-regional city, is facing several physical-spatial challenges in the field of interstitial development and optimal management of brown lands. Therefore, maintaining coherent and desirable patterns of urban development in order to manage lands incompatible with urban function is one of the main problems of land use management and endogenous development of this city. This study seeks to explain and analyze the opportunities that can be developed within the city by using the components of interdependent development and brown land management approaches of the present study. Therefore, a preliminary review of the research literature in this field shows that the activity that seeks to provide the desired model of intermediate development in the form of grounded theory has not been presented so far and the studies are general approaches, and only preliminary explanations of Indicators and effective factors in development have been intermittent. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explain mesenteric development by adopting an approach based on data foundation theory in the field of brown land management. Therefore, the main question of the research is, what is the optimal model of mid-term development based on the components of brown land management in the metropolis of Tabriz? Methodology The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. Data were collected by library and field studies based on an expert questionnaire. The statistical population of the study includes the residents of Tabriz, but due to the specialization of the subject, the statistical population of experts using the Delphi method has been used to distribute the questionnaire. The method of sampling snowballs is 30 people. For data analysis, one-sample t-test and path analysis in the form of DPSIR model with the help of SPSS software were used. Results and Discussions The results of quantitative and field studies showed that the population dynamics component with a factor of 0.26 has a very small role in intermediate development. In contrast, urban planning and legal criteria with a coefficient of 5.42 have a significant impact on this issue and for the optimal management of brown lands and achieving the desired pattern of intermediate development, special emphasis should be placed on this concept and criterion. In addition, the analysis of indicators in the form of DPSIR model showed that the "response" component with a coefficient of 3.3 received the highest score. Therefore, according to the group of experts in the statistical community, for the development of the desired intermediate in the metropolis of Tabriz, special emphasis should be placed on the response forces (such as: security; pollution; environmental health; urban space formation). Because, these factors can provide more operational models and strategies to organize and exit the current trend. In contrast, the impact component with a coefficient of 2.73 received the lowest score. On the other hand, the study of components with path analysis test showed that the "pressure" index with a total effect coefficient of 0.623 has the greatest impact and causal relationship with the favorable pattern of interstitial development and brown land management. On the other hand, the "response" components with a total effect factor of 0.591; "Impact" with a total effect factor of 0.556; "Status" with a total effect factor of 0.547; And "driving force" with a total effect factor of 0.537. Conclusion Finally, according to the obtained results, in order to achieve the optimal and desirable pattern of intergenerational development and management of brown lands, it is necessary to observe the following: Development of tax rules and mechanisms for brown and polluting lands in order to oblige owners of brown lands to change the required land uses of the city Organizing the city structure and using the land use capacities and improving the access distance Transfer of non-urban uses such as military barracks, and change of use of agricultural lands to green space and parks and change of industrial uses to required general uses Regulating the urban road network and increasing the capacity of the road network, especially in the central urban context in order to increase access and reduce traffic Strengthen the quality of housing by monitoring construction and providing facilities to citizens Upgrading environmental capacity to rejuvenate the living space away from any pollution
Rural Planning
Mansour Ghanian; latif mohammadzadeh; Afshin Marzban; Somayeh Shadkam
Abstract
IntroductionOne of the important factors for success in organizing and managing natural resources, including agricultural lands, is identifying stakeholders and studying their behavior. An analysis of the potential, roles, demands, information, and knowledge of project stakeholders to interact and coordinate ...
Read More
IntroductionOne of the important factors for success in organizing and managing natural resources, including agricultural lands, is identifying stakeholders and studying their behavior. An analysis of the potential, roles, demands, information, and knowledge of project stakeholders to interact and coordinate with them will greatly help to estimate their expectations. Without accurate and complete identification of all stakeholders in the management and organization of agricultural land, the logical and acceptable results of decisions cannot be assured. As such, stakeholder involvement and participation is considered the cornerstone of planning and organizing any work, so that it is one of the tools for achieving sustainability and democracy. Stakeholder involvement and participation is considered the cornerstone of planning and organizing any work, so that it is one of the tools for achieving sustainability and democracy. Stakeholder participation leads to the use of common potential, knowledge, and values, which reduce differences in opinions and increase trust between people and officials. This study was conducted to design a framework and identify priorities for organizing land use in the southern basin of Lake Urmia using "stakeholder analysis" method. Data and MethodThis study, with a sociological approach, attempted to analyzing the behavior of users in the field of land use planning in the south basin of Urmia Lake. Hence, this research was closed in 2 steps. First, to understand the farmers' behavior, a survey research will conduct. The research statistical population were the all farmers in the south basin of Urmia lake who were 153 farmers were selected as the sample by a randomized cluster sampling method in the second stage. The sample size is predicted using Cochran formula. The instrument for collecting data was a questionnaire which its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α=0.74). The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Finally, the "stakeholder analysis" method was used to summarize the results. To perform this section, 28 specialists were selected purposefully according to the subject and objectives of the research. Results and DiscussionResults showed that behaviors of "change in the method of planting crops", "change of land use" and "use of native cultivars", in the group of farmers with change of land use, and behaviors of "seasonal migration of the head of the household to another place of work", "increase of use" "Chemical fertilizers and pesticides" and "permanent migration to the city" in the group of farmers without land use change are in the first to third priorities. Also, according to the results, agricultural land management is one of the topics that have received special attention and many stakeholders. More importantly, in most sectors, farmers have been identified as the main and key stakeholders. Therefore, these stakeholders can be included in the group of influencers. It can be concluded that stakeholders are divided into two groups. The first group comprises only those who are directly affected and benefit from agricultural land-use management. Other groups of actors are individuals or groups who, in addition to benefiting from their interests, are influential. Also, Land use change decisions of farmers in the south basin of the Urmia Lake essentially aimed at improving farmers’ economic status through collective actions, such as shifting to animal husbandry a, cultivating products with a shorter growth period changes in planting method and changes in irrigation system. Therefore, improving the livelihoods and food security of farmers is a key in Iran, like other developing countries. In addition to this component, the lack of competent professionals and managers has led to a tougher challenge. ConclusionThe results obtained in the stakeholder analysis showed that farmers at the farm level are key stakeholders and the main pillar in the design, presentation, and implementation of conservation programs to organize lands, along with the Jihad Agricultural Organization and other government organizations. Designing a framework and identifying priorities for organizing land use as a development approach to use all available capacities requires attention to the institutional dimensions of development, especially the analysis of key stakeholders and the use of various tools by expanding coordination and interaction. The important result is that local communities, especially local leaders, see themselves as partners in the program, which leads to cooperation in the program as well as strengthening their weaknesses. Also, the results showed that farmers are at the heart of land management, particularly in rural and agricultural areas. However, the results show that their behavior in the face of environmental change is more of a personal decision and to the extent of the capacity to exploit individually rather than as a group or following a regular schedule. This makes the existing challenge more critical than before.
Urban Planning
Ruhollah Arab Ameri; Abbas Arghan; saed kamyabi
Abstract
Introduction
In essence, creativity involves experiences, innovations, the capacity to rewrite the rules, unconventionality, a new attitude to the affairs, innovative illustration of possible scenarios in the future, distinguishing common points from different points, and adopting a resilient approach ...
Read More
Introduction
In essence, creativity involves experiences, innovations, the capacity to rewrite the rules, unconventionality, a new attitude to the affairs, innovative illustration of possible scenarios in the future, distinguishing common points from different points, and adopting a resilient approach to life. A creative city is a conducive environment for human development that lays the ground for developing its residents’ creativity. These cities usually enjoy dynamic and healthy spaces. Thus, it is imperative to pay attention to the factors affecting a creative city to create urban interactive spaces. These factors include human capital, innovation, social capital, and life quality. These factors affect the citizens and overshadow their sense of attachment to such spaces, thus preventing social anomalies.
Data and methodology
Despite similarities with their nature, various scientific research methodologies also have differences, requiring the researcher to use appropriate methodologies consistent with the research subjects and consider the limitations that may arise. This descriptive-analytical research used the survey method to examine ways to improve effective and creative innovations in the urban planning of new cities. This research stresses the effects of human capital, innovation, social capital, and life quality on the creative city. Later in the text, the research addresses each of these indicators and ranks different districts in the new city of Rudyan.
This research falls under extensive research categories (e.g., the city of Rudyan) and is a cross-sectional study. Data were analyzed by SPSS software programs and multi-criteria decision-making technique (DEAMTEL-based ANP). In the descriptive section, the study uses one-dimensional tables, percentages ad frequency, while in the inferential section, T-Test tests, two-sample t-test (independent samples t-test), path analysis, Pearson, etc., were used to test the hypotheses. Also, the DANP model was used to rank the factors affecting the materialization of a creative city.
Discussion and conclusion
The new city of Rudyan has an average innovation index of 2.01, which is not desirable. This indicates that the new city stands at a lower rank than other cities across the nation regarding the application of technology, innovation, science, etc., and it is required to take more measures to become a creative city.
The new city of Rudyan has an average social capital index of 2.74, which is not desirable. Speaking of social capital variables, the city acquired an average rate of 2.88 in the cooperation and collaboration in social relation network (the best situation), while it held an average rate of 2.34 in the variable of social trust (the worst situation). Considering the significance level of less than 0.05 (i.e., 0.003) for all social capital variables, the results from the indicator understudy can be generalized to the whole community.
The new city of Rudyan has an average quality of life index of 2.74, which is not desirable. Speaking of quality-of-life variables, the city held an average rate of 2.94 in the variable of urban culture (the best situation), while it held an average rate of 2.10 in the variable of the environmental situation (the worst situation). Considering the significance level of less than 0.05 (i.e., 0.003) for all variables of quality of life, the results suggest that the city of Rudyan has, like other variables, an undesirable quality of life situation.
Results:
As social trust increases, human capital, innovation, social capital, and life quality will also improve. This is also true of the city of Rudyan. A significant relationship was found between interpersonal trust and human capital with quality of life. There was also a significant relationship between social capital and the creative city, i.e., with the development of social capital components, creative city indicators will also develop (as in the city of Rudyan). The research findings revealed that social capital was a good predictor to explain the city of Rudyan’s creativity.
All other Geographic fields of studies , Interdisciplinary
Abolfazl Ghanbari; Abolgasem Taghizad Fanid; Mohammad Abar
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of the spatial planning is to achieve the most desirable distribution of population, by the best form of distribution of economic and social activities across land, which has not yet been seriously addressed, or at least showed its manifestations, and ...
Read More
Introduction: The purpose of the spatial planning is to achieve the most desirable distribution of population, by the best form of distribution of economic and social activities across land, which has not yet been seriously addressed, or at least showed its manifestations, and in this time spatial planning as a necessity has been paid. The planning plans of East Azerbaijan province are no exception to this rule and at present in the field of preparing the planning plan of the province, there are many issues, the most obvious of which is the lack of practical participation of involved institutions and effective elements in governing the province. Citizens in different stages of preparing the provincial planning plan, not paying attention to the institutional aspects of land management and provincial planning management, the existence of legal ambiguities and significant institutional vacuum in the field of provincial planning management and not knowing the basis of the provincial planning plan and legal authorities Preparation, approval, monitoring, feedback and review, etc. Therefore, recognizing the obstacles and problems of land management plans implemented in particular and the country's development plans in general, is very important in development plans; Because recognizing the problems of the previous plans helps to some extent to avoid those obstacles and problems in writing and implementing the next landscaping plans, and in this way, to achieve the desired future or the balanced development. Therefore, due to the importance of conducting planning studies in East Azerbaijan, in this study, the effective factors in the implementation and causes, factors and obstacles of research plans in East Azerbaijan province have been investigated. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to analyze and evaluate these challenges and obstacles to the implementation of development programs in the realization of land management and tries to answer the following questions; 1) What are the reasons for the non-realization of land management plans in East Azerbaijan? And 2) What are the effective factors in the implementation of the land management plan in East Azerbaijan province?Data and Method The present research was applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical method, and documentary and field studies were used to collect data and information. The statistical population of this study includes 197 scientific elites (university professors and doctoral students, masters in urban, rural, regional planning and urban planning), experts and specialists in urban management in East Azerbaijan province. To analyze the data using quantitative methods such as; Structural equations were used in PLS software, regression and path-analysis. Results and Discussion The results of research on the reasons for non-implementation of land management plan in the province using structural equation testing in PLS software show; The variable "administrative" with a square value (0.452) is higher than the standard value (0.33) and is therefore described as "average" threshold; The variable "space organization" with a square value (0.4) is greater than the standard value (0.33) and is therefore described as "average" threshold; The variable "economic" with the square value (0.346) is higher than the standard value (0.33) and is therefore described as "average" threshold; The variable "development plans" with a square value (0.740) is greater than the standard value (0.67) and is therefore described as "significant" on the threshold. The results of the study of path coefficients (beta) showed that the administrative and managerial, economic, political and security factors and the space organization have "moderate" values and the "development plans" factor has "strong" values to determine power. Model predictions about endogenous latent variables in the context of land management plans in East Azerbaijan province. Therefore, due to the high values of all values for the variable "Development Plans", it is concluded that the variable "Development Plans" has the greatest impact on the non-implementation of land management plan in the province of East Azerbaijan. For example, land use planning with an all-inclusive approach and rational use of resources and talents in different regions of the country tries to deal with the phenomenon of regional imbalance and provide appropriate solutions for achieving balanced and sustainable development at the land level. However, the lack of proper and complete implementation of development programs in East Azerbaijan province has become the most important obstacle to achieving land management goals. Also, the results in the field of effective factors in the implementation of land management plan in East Azerbaijan province showed that the status of indicators of geographical conditions with a value of T about 9.65 and with a significant level of 0.000, implementation planning with a value of 1.77 and with Significance level of 0.007, institutional with a value of T57.57 and managerial and institutional with a value of T60.60 and significant level of 0.000 in a favorable situation compared to other effective areas in the implementation of land management plan in the study area (province) East Azerbaijan). Also, the results of the route analysis test showed that the most general effect in the field of land management plan is related to socio-cultural conditions with a total effect (0.305) and an institutional index with an overall effect of 0.206. Also, the lowest overall effect is related to the management and legal index with a rate of 0.054. The general effects indicate that in East Azarbaijan province, areas such as imbalance in the population scale of the cities of the province, lack of necessary policies on how to distribute the population in the province, intense concentration of population and activities in the central part of the province. ; Provincial view of organizing hierarchies of urban settlements instead of macro-regional view of territorial areas; Existence of specialized and educated manpower without jobs in the province; High unemployment of young people and university graduates, unfavorable organization of the housing system in the province; Lack of attention to social and human capital in the province; Weakness of participatory foundations and civic institutions in the field of social activities and in the institutional field, restriction of people's participation in formulating policies and programs; The traditional nature of the planning system in accepting the planning approach, the lack of successful implementation and the lack of efficient upstream documents, the weak belief of those in charge of the effectiveness of the planning approach in achieving integrated and sustainable development, limited flexibility in planning strategies; Lack of appropriate rules and regulations and systematic and institutional thinking for land management; Lack of clear and responsible legal institutions for land management, etc. are the areas and factors that have a significant impact on the implementation of land management plans in East Azerbaijan province and sometimes prevent the proper and complete implementation of such plans and plans. To be. In this regard, it can be said that the results of this research with the results of research of Bouzarjmehri et al. In (1397), technical and colleagues in (1397), Jafarian et al. (1397), Tavakoli et al. (1396), Taqvaei and Et al. (2010), Akbari et al. (2015), Sarvar and Khaleiji (2014), Saniei (2011), Sharifzadegan (2010), Latifi (2009), Razavi (2010), Salehi and Pour Asghar (2009) Of Tennessee Valley Civil Organization Studies; The findings of studies by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), etc. are in line and most of these studies with obstacles, causes and strategies for advancing land management plans spatially in various fields.Conclusion The results showed that the administrative and administrative, economic, political and security factors and the spatial organization have "moderate" values and the factor of "programs of development" have strong "values" to determine the model predictions about endogenous latent variables in spatial planning schemes in east Azerbaijan province. Therefore, considering the high values of all values, it is said that the "development plans" index has the greatest impact on the non - realization of spatial planning schemes in east Azerbaijan province. Also, according to the path analysis test, the most general effect on the implementation of spatial planning scheme for socio - cultural conditions with total effect size (0/305) and the institutional index is 0/206. Also, the lowest overall effect is related to the management and legal index with 0/054.
Urban Planning
Habibollah Fasihi; hani rezayan; Sayyedeh Mahshid Hosseini
Abstract
Introduction Public health and sanitation as an important and vital issue has always been considered by academicians and urban planners and managers. It has led to adopt policies and actions by governments and related organizations. Though, creating healthy cities is a long-standing idea that has ...
Read More
Introduction Public health and sanitation as an important and vital issue has always been considered by academicians and urban planners and managers. It has led to adopt policies and actions by governments and related organizations. Though, creating healthy cities is a long-standing idea that has been around for decades, but in recent months, as the Covid 19 epidemic, which usually spreads faster in crowded cities, has plagued every country in the world, it has received more attention again. One of the concerns of city planners and managers in the current situation is how to protect the living environment and create resilient cities against such diseases. One of the approaches that has been proposed in order to enhance health in human habitats is healthy city idea. The purpose of this study is to analyze the status of healthy city indicators and the spatial distribution of these indicators in the new city of Sahand. Data and Method The study area of this research is the new city of Sahand, in the northwest of Iran, at a distance of 20 km from the city of Tabriz. The city has an area of 498 ha and a population of 80795 people. In the research, 38 indicators were selected as indicators of a healthy city and were classified into 4 dimensions. Part of the data was extracted from the GIS file of the 2016 Iranian Population and Housing Public Census and the other part was gathered through a survey using a questionnaire. Sample people including 378 household heads. The data was entered into the GIS to form a uniform shapefile. Then, by producing spatial distribution maps, spatial analysis was performed. Then, by transferring the data to SPSS software, a one-sample t-test was performed. Results and Discussion T-test results showed that the mean of the 38 indicators is 2.99, which is slightly lower than the assumed mean (3). Among the four dimensions of the indicators, the physical one shows a better situation the others, so that the figure is 3.69, which is 0.69 higher than the assumed mean. As the city has constructed in recent decades in accordance to a pre-designed plan, the indicators have shown a better situation in this regard. After the physical dimension, the environmental one shows a higher value than the assumed mean and it was 3.33.In terms of environmental dimesion, relatively large distance from pollution resources, being enclosed in a valley and northwest winds, has removed air pollution from the city. The low density of cars on the roads has caused the residents to be satisfied with the lack of noise pollution. Connecting almost all the houses to the municipal sewage network, proper slope of lands, low density of population and the absence of worn buildings are some of the environmental advantages of the city. At the same time, poor waste management and non-observance of environmental cleanliness by citizens are low-scoring indicators in this dimension.The values of socio-cultural and economic dimensions are lower than the assumed mean. Their values are 2.63 and 2.52 respectively. High value of the indicators of literacy, safety and security are the three indicators with higher values in this dimension. On the contrary, medical facilities, cultural services, leisure and sports facilities are indicators with a lower value in this dimension. In the economic dimension, except for employment, insurance coverage and job satisfaction, the other indicators show a very low value.In terms of spatial distribution, the indicators of a healthy city in Phase 1 of the city has a better situation. In this Phase, the average valueof the indicators is 3.08. In Phase 2, in the southern parts, it has a higher value, but the in phase 2, it is slightly lower than the assumed mean (2.97). At most areas of the Phases of 3 and 4, where construction is still ongoing and service coverage, infrastructure and facilities are not completed, the value of indicators are low. In Phase 3, the average value of the indicators is 2.95 and in phase 4 it is 2.76.ConclusionAnalyzing healthy city indicators indicated that Sahand represents a medium situation of a complete healthy city. In this city, for reasons that are mostly originated from national economy, there are many shortcomings in the economic indicators of a healthy city. However, due to the existence of a proper labor market near the city, unemployment rate is lower and insurance coverage is higher than most cities in Iran. But due to inflation, the incomes of the urban community, most of which are salaried, have not been able to provide them with the goods and services they need to live healthily. Due to the government's financial inability in recent years, it has not been made sufficient investment in urban services, facilities and infrastructure. The dormitory function of the city and the low financial capacity of its resident could not provide the municipality with the necessary financial resources to invest in developing urban facilities and infrastructures . In terms of spatial distribution, in the zones and phases where the construction was done earlier (Phases 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively), indicators values were higher than new constructed ones. In areas under construction or semi-residential, market conditions lead to less private sector activity.
Urban Planning
abbas maroofnezhad
Abstract
IntroductionOne of the main problems in worn-out and dysfunctional fabrics in today's cities is not paying attention to the concept of social issues or factors as one of the important capacities in urban localities, since the traditional communication and interaction system has changed drastically in ...
Read More
IntroductionOne of the main problems in worn-out and dysfunctional fabrics in today's cities is not paying attention to the concept of social issues or factors as one of the important capacities in urban localities, since the traditional communication and interaction system has changed drastically in most big cities. One of their worrying manifestations is the weakening of social relations among the citizens. The evolution course of urban regeneration has shifted from paying attention to physical dimension to social, economic and cultural dimensions during about three decades of theorizing and implementing the urban regeneration approach, and it has led to the emergence of community-based urban regeneration. This approach has sought social interaction and an emphasis on the role of social groups. Also, according to the results of urban regeneration measures in different parts of the world, the trust and participation of citizens, as an effective component in the success of regeneration projects, is not be spontaneous and requires the involvement of many factors and it is achieved by social issues by involving in the process of regeneration. Data and MethodThe methodology of this research is applied in terms of aim. It is also survey based on the research method, conducted by using a questionnaire. The analytical section of the research was conducted by survey method using a questionnaire. Accordingly, the opinions of 379 citizens of the three studied localities, who were selected using a convenience random method, were used. Also, to determine the validity of the questionnaire, the Delphi method was used by a number of experts and university professors, and by obtaining the opinions of the mentioned people, the necessary corrections were made in the questionnaire questions. Thus, it was ensured that the questionnaire measures the desired variables of the research. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to calculate the reliability and its value was estimated at about 0.65. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the collected data. Then, data were entered to SPSS software and a multi-criteria questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from very high to very low, was developed to evaluate five indicators and 36 variables of the level of satisfaction of citizens living in the study areas. Then, to check the normality of data distribution, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used and to check the status of research variables, sign test was used. Also, the weighting of variables was done by entropy model and ranking of localities was done using MABAC technique. Results and DiscussionAhvaz metropolis with an area of 31800 hectares, as the third largest city in the country, has several worn-out fabrics in its eight urban districts. In the metropolis of Ahvaz, 30 to 35% of the city limits are within the legal limits and are known as worn-out fabrics and non-allowed settlements. Out of 124 localities in Ahvaz metropolis, more than twelve localities are considered as worn-out urban fabrics. In the present study, to evaluate the performance of social issues in worn-out and dysfunctional fabrics of the three studied localities (Khazalieh, Ameri and Hasirabad), five indicators (social belonging, social cohesion, social cooperation, social security and social trust) and 36 variables according to the studies were selected. The present article revealed that based the results of urban regeneration measures in different parts of the world, the trust and participation of citizens as an effective component in the success of regeneration projects will not be spontaneous and require the involvement of many factors and it is achieved by social issues (sense of social belonging, social cohesion, social security) by involving in the process of regeneration. Conclusion Considering the 50-year history of government involvement in dysfunctional urban fabrics, new and diverse methods of intervention in urban fabrics are being carefully considered nowadays. Little attention has been paid to social factors. The general results of the sign test show that Ameri locality with a mean of 3.16 has a better status than the other two localities in terms of research variables. Also, the results of MABAC technique show that Ameri locality with Si value of 0.260 is ranked first, followed by Khazalieh and Hasirabad localities with Si values of 0.076 and -0.164 are ranked second and third, respectively, in terms of five selected indicators. The main issue of this study in comparison with previous studies is that any change in the improvement and modification of research variables in each of the studied localities, including social and individual behavior of residents, social relations of neighbors, locality social security, locality service facilities, cooperation among residents (residents’ participation), trust and belief of locality residents to each other and to the government, the interaction of service providers with the residents of the locality, etc. is very difficult due to the social conditions of these localities (different ethnicities, low literacy, low-income classes, inadequate security, improper education, high birth rates, etc.). The main reason can be the social and cultural characteristics of these localities and getting used to this lifestyle over the past few decades, which have shown resistance to any change.
Geotourism
Gholamreza kazemian shiran; mahmood ziaee; fatemeh yavarigohar; Yavar Babaei
Abstract
Introduction The concept of regional development with a holistic and comprehensive view and with an emphasis on a comprehensive and integrated process emphasizes the promotion of human and material capabilities to meet human needs, without reducing the capabilities of future generations. One of ...
Read More
Introduction The concept of regional development with a holistic and comprehensive view and with an emphasis on a comprehensive and integrated process emphasizes the promotion of human and material capabilities to meet human needs, without reducing the capabilities of future generations. One of the areas in which it is possible to take advantage of regional capacities and capabilities for balanced, integrated and generally sustainable development is the tourism industry. Policymakers and planners try to take advantage of opportunities by providing and valuing tourist attractions at the regional level (Rosentraub & Joo, 2009). One of the strategies in the framework of regional development is complementarity, which is defined in the sense of geographical concentration of businesses related to an industry and having special internal relationships (Cruz & Teixeira, 2010). Strengthening a complementarity regional view of tourism can improve regional competitiveness and the synergistic and efficient use of resources. However, research in the literature generally considers different ways of affecting a phenomenon separately. However, the interdependence between different approaches to success in different contexts is largely ignored (Al-Sheyadi et al, 2019; Claver et al, 2007). Therefore, according to the issues raised, this study tries to identify the dimensions and components of complementarity tourism development and examine its role in regional development. Data and Method The present research is a mixed research and in terms of purpose, the present research is an applied research and in terms of nature and method in the qualitative part is exploratory and in the quantitative part is descriptive-survey. The research process is such that first by using meta-combination and interviewing experts, the dimensions and components of complementarity tourism development and regional development achievements were identified and then in a quantitative part using structural equations to validate the model and examine the relationship. Among the concepts with emphasis on Ardabil province is discussed. The tools used to collect data are interviews, archival documents and questionnaires. The statistical population of this research includes internal and external articles related to the subject of research (in the meta-combination section) and academic experts, managers of government organizations and tourism businesses in Ardabil province (in the interview section and quantitative section). The sample size includes 59 internal and external studies, 18 experts are available for targeted interviews and 110 experts are available for quantitative section using sampling method. Finally, for data analysis in the qualitative part, meta-combination with qualitative content analysis technique, content analysis (interview part) and in a small part of structural equations with SMART-PLS software for data analysis have been used. Results and Discussion The results indicate the existence of two pervasive themes. The first comprehensive theme is complementarity tourism development, which has 6 themes of tourism policy complementarity (including themes of sub-organizer of adaptation, interaction network and structural integration), cooperative complementarity of tourism (with sub-organizers of relations promotion, partnership cooperation and stakeholder conflict management). ), Tourism technical complementarity (with the themes of resource flexibility, process monitoring and product effectiveness), dynamic tourism complementarity (with the themes of knowledge network, innovation, development of complementarity capabilities, education and learning and technological complementarity), complement Cultural orientation of tourism (with the themes of promoting social resources and social capital) and complementarity of tourism sites. The second comprehensive theme is regional development achievements, which has 6 basic themes including balance in regional development, regional competitiveness, diversification of economic activities, regional branding, quality improvement and life satisfaction and regional sustainability. Based on the findings of structural equations, complementarity tourism development with a path coefficient of 0.406 and a t-value of 4.893 has a positive and significant effect on regional development achievements in Ardabil province. Conclusion The development of new opportunities in the tourism industry is an integrated process of physical space and human society, the new forms of which are the result of changes in values and attitudes of human life, advanced technology, information growth and political forces. Tourism research on the region as a Important driving force is focused on connecting different parts of the industry and the possibility of creating destination networks. The concept of complementarity development is in line with the regional view of development, which tries to use all the elements and factors that exist at the regional level and can affect the development of the region, and contribute to the integrated and balanced development of the region. Complementarity tourism development seeks to use the region's tourism potential to reduce inequality and promote the economic and non-economic benefits of tourism at the regional level. Complementarity approach in development and tourism is one of the new approaches of regionalism that very limited studies have been done in this field. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the dimensions and components of complementarity tourism development and regional development achievements. Through a combination of previous studies in the field of complementarity and regional development and analysis of experts' views, it was found that the dimensions of tourism complementarity development include policy complementarity, collaborative complementarity, technical complementarity, cultural complementarity, dynamic complementarity and tourism sites complementarity. On the other hand, the results of meta-composition and content analysis showed that the achievements of development in a region by reducing inequality and creating balance, diversifying economic activities, competitiveness of regions, improving the living conditions of the region and ... Is specified. Development can be done effectively in the region and create tangible effects for the region and its inhabitants that bring long-term and sustainable achievements in the region. After identifying the dimensions and components of complementarity tourism development and regional development achievements, in the next stage, the resulting model in Ardabil province was examined. According to the findings, complementarity tourism development in Ardabil province has a positive and significant effect on regional development achievements. In such a way that the development of tourism complementarity can create sustainable effects in the region and the residents of the region can benefit from these effects. Complementarity tourism development causes the region as an integrated complex with cohesive and interconnected components in which tourism components, in addition to their activities, also interact with other tourism sectors and create synergistic effects.
Climatology
Soodabheh Namdari; Ali Hajibaglou; GholamReza Abazari
Abstract
IntroductionAtmospheric mineral dust particles play a key role in the radiation budget of the atmosphere and the hydrological cycle, and have an important effect on public health by disrupting climate systems and air pollution. Due to Iran’s location in the arid and semi-arid belt of the world, ...
Read More
IntroductionAtmospheric mineral dust particles play a key role in the radiation budget of the atmosphere and the hydrological cycle, and have an important effect on public health by disrupting climate systems and air pollution. Due to Iran’s location in the arid and semi-arid belt of the world, Iran is constantly exposed to local and regional dust systems. Considering the importance of the negative effects of dust storms and their increasing trend in some dust sources, the study of these changes in the last two decades show the importance of the dust storms in recent years. Moreover, spatial-temporal identification and analysis of the properties of these dust particles is very important in order to manage this crisis and prevent the harmful effects of dust particles. In Iran, due to desert conditions, the presence of dust hotspots has always caused air pollution and reduced the quality of life of people. In recent years, some dust hotspots have been ambiguous about increasing the intensity of dust emission. In this study, using the AOD product of MODIS, which compute the dust intensity, and based on the annual frequency and averages of dusty days, the location of dust hotspots were identified and then the trend of dust intensity in each hotspots were examine. The results showed that despite the relatively similar climate, the trend of changes in these dust hotspots does not follow the same pattern and complex human activities and natural changes.Data and Method In this study AOD product from MODIS with the resolution of 10 km was used to extract dust information then the frequencies of days with AOD greater than 0.6 per year were extracted. In addition to correctly calculating the average of AODs, calculating the number of days without data is also important in the results. The spatial and temporal distribution of the study period, were identified in three periods, 2000-2006, 2007-2012 and 2013-2018. The percentage of changes in each of the dust sources compared in different periods. The standard deviation was extracted to identify the areas most vulnerable to dust storms. Finally, to detect the quantitative distribution, the trend of AOD changes in the extracted dust hotspots was used to investigate the changes in the dust intensity trends.Results and DiscussionThe map of dust hotspots in the first period shows the main dust sources are in the north of Sistan and Baluchestan (Zabol) and south of Sistan and Baluchestan (Chahbahar), in the southeast of Semnan (Dasht Kavir), Damghan, Garmsar, Jazmourian, southwest of Hormozgan, (Bandar Lengeh area), south and southwest of Khuzestan, southwest of Yazd (Nayer), as well as parts of Qom, Ilam (Mehran), Isfahan, and south of Fars provinces. In the second period of study, many dust centers have become more intense and extensive. According to the map of dust centers in the third period of studies, compared to the first and second periods, the area of dust centers has decreased.According to the results, about half of the areas without emission has been turned into areas with dust with different frequencies in second period, and also about half of the area of very high-frequency hotspots has been turned into other dust sources with less intensity in the third period. Also, the most fluctuations in dust intensity have occurred in Sistan, Jazmorian, southeast of Semnan, East Azerbaijan, Zanjan and Khuzestan provinces. The results of trend analysis of dust intensity in different dust hotspots show that despite the relatively uniform climate, the dust sources trends in different dust sources do not follow the same pattern.ConclusionDue to the geographical location of Iran and the existence of vast deserts, the wethear has always affected by dust sources of inside and outside of the country. In this study, using satellite data with appropriate resolution, the location of dust sources in three time periods were extracted. The changes of each dust intensity class in the second and third periods were compared with the first period so that regardless of location, changes in dust intensity can be evaluated in general. Then, using the standard deviation method, the dust hotspots with the highest percentage of changes were identified. Finally, the trend of changes was calculated by examining the trends of changes in 24 main dust centers. According to the results of the present study, many changes have been observed in some dust sources and the intensity of dust in many dust sources has decreased. While some sources such as Isfahan, and Khuzestan province due to the role of human factors such as agricultural activities as well as the reduction of surface and ground water and as a result of drought and changes in soil texture have an increasing in trend of dust intensity. Since a decreasing trend is observed in most of dust sources, eastern and southern parts of Iran, the results of this study indicate the key role of climatic factors in changes and fluctuations in dust emission in Iran. Because climatic factor can be the only factor which has a relatively uniform effect on the dust emission on a large scale of Iran.
Urban Planning
ESMAEL NASIRI HENDEH KHALEH; fazlollah esmaeili; REYHANEH YOUNESI SANDI; hassan nezafat takleh
Abstract
Introduction
Over the past few decades, the social sustainability of urban areas has become an important planning model in developed countries. The present study aims to assess the social sustainability of urban neighborhoods in District 15 of Tehran with an emphasis on the land-use mix index. The land-use ...
Read More
Introduction
Over the past few decades, the social sustainability of urban areas has become an important planning model in developed countries. The present study aims to assess the social sustainability of urban neighborhoods in District 15 of Tehran with an emphasis on the land-use mix index. The land-use mix and distribution of activities are among the factors affecting the social sustainability of urban neighborhoods. These two factors are examined with items such as accessibility of land-uses, distribution of land-uses, diversity and equality of land-uses, age and compatibility of land-uses, design considerations in land-use planning are examined. And social sustainability, as a dependent variable, is investigated at the urban neighborhood level with items such as involvement and empowerment of local communities, sense of belonging to neighborhoods, security and health, capital and social solidarity, the cultural identity of neighborhoods, vitality of neighborhoods, social accountability and sense of neighborhood.
Data and Method
The present study is applied, descriptive-survey research in which data are collected using both library and field studies. Using a library study, the required indices are extracted by reviewing relevant studies and theories on land-use mix and sustainability. First, the land-use mix measure of each neighborhood is calculated using Shannon entropy and the studied indices in the neighborhoods are ranked using the COPRAS method. Due to the lack of a standard questionnaire on the research subject, a researcher-made questionnaire is used. The statistical population includes urban managers and experts as well as the residents of the study areas. The sample size is estimated to be 385 using Cochran's formula. The questionnaires are distributed according to the population of the neighborhoods. The reliability of the questionnaire is estimated to be above 0.8 using Cochran's alpha, indicating that the items or questions are fully related to each other. To analyze the relationships between variables. Spearman's correlation coefficient, descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as one-sample t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test, are used in SPSS software.
Results and Discussion
In total, 81.2% of the respondents are men and 17.9% are women. Most of the respondents are in the 38-52 age group. The results of Shannon entropy show the weights of each land-use mix index, with the greatest weight (0.9943) for the component of accessibility to land-uses and the least weight (0.7542) for the component of design considerations in land-use planning. The studied neighborhoods are at different levels in terms of social sustainability; so the neighborhoods of North Afsariyeh (NJ= 98.23), South Afsariyeh (NJ= 96.83), and North Kianshahr (NJ=84.23) have the best situation in the land-use mix indices while the neighborhoods of Hashemabad (NJ = 27.043), and Minayi (NJ = 22.43) are in the worst condition.
Conclusion
The results of the research show that in the studied neighborhoods, "accessibility to land-uses" (β = 0.485), "the density of land-uses" (β = 0.482), and "the distribution of land-uses" (β = 0.479) are the most important indices of social sustainability, respectively. The social sustainability of urban neighborhoods is affected by several factors, one of which is the land-use mix index. The present study is conducted to investigate the social sustainability of urban neighborhoods in District 15 of Tehran with an emphasis on the effectiveness of the land-use mix index. To investigate the social sustainability of neighborhoods, the following indicators are studied: involvement of local communities, sense of belonging, security, social capital, cultural identity, vitality, and social accountability. Moreover, to investigate the impact of the land-use mix index on social sustainability, the following indicators are investigated: accessibility of land-uses, land-use density, distribution of land-uses, land-use diversity, age, and compatibility of land-uses, are design considerations in land-use planning. Weighting land-use mix indices using Shannon entropy shows that the greatest weight (0.9943) belongs to the "accessibility of land-uses" component. In the next step, in order to measure the social sustainability of urban neighborhoods, the VIKOR method is used.
Urban Planning
Yousef Darvishi; omid hosseini
Abstract
Introduction
Access to open spaces in urban areas is one of the important principles of passive defense. This is because of the large number of post-crisis casualties, mostly due to the inability to access outdoor space as well as the ability to escape the danger zone.
Data and Method
The ...
Read More
Introduction
Access to open spaces in urban areas is one of the important principles of passive defense. This is because of the large number of post-crisis casualties, mostly due to the inability to access outdoor space as well as the ability to escape the danger zone.
Data and Method
The aim of this study is to investigate and accessibility of open spaces of urban areas in case of emergency from the perspective of passive defense of region 1 of Tabriz. For this purpose, in this research, related software such as 10 ARC GIS, Auto cad and Excel software have been used to zoning different spaces based on vulnerability and also to analyze information.
Results and Discussion
The results and findings of the study indicate that 67.3% of Tabriz Region 1 is in a good position in terms of access to open space in terms of passive defense against crises. But to increase the quality and quantity of these conditions to the desired level, improve the functional condition of open spaces (green and enclosed space) and increase the width of streets and alleys leading to the open space.
Conclusion
so that quick and easy access to the organ is possible. Provides things like volcanism, etc. in times of crisis, is of particular importance.
Volume 19, Issue 52 , June 2015
Abstract
Preparing landuse and vegetation cover in planning and management of natural resources is very important. For this aim, using remote sensing data has important role especially because of daily cover and low cost images. So in this research, Landsat 8 images are used as input data for extracting landuse ...
Read More
Preparing landuse and vegetation cover in planning and management of natural resources is very important. For this aim, using remote sensing data has important role especially because of daily cover and low cost images. So in this research, Landsat 8 images are used as input data for extracting landuse map in levels 1 and 2. Images with respect to newly issuing are correcting radiometric by using relationships in ERDAS software's modeling formulation environment. Also, NDVI , BI and PCA as input beside other bands are used for increasing classification. SVM is evaluated and it’s the best result compared with ANN. Results have been shown SVM with 92% accuracy with Kappa Index 0.91 and ANN with 89% accuracy with Kappa Index 0.87. SVM have better result than ANN in all places which classes have same behavior.
Urban Planning
shahrivar rostaei
Abstract
Population growth and urbanization have reduced the per capita access to many social and economic facilities and its consequences have been manifested in a decrease in the quality of life in various urban areas.Tabriz metropolis, like most major cities in the country, is the bedrock of spatial inefficiency ...
Read More
Population growth and urbanization have reduced the per capita access to many social and economic facilities and its consequences have been manifested in a decrease in the quality of life in various urban areas.Tabriz metropolis, like most major cities in the country, is the bedrock of spatial inefficiency in the regions to benefit from public urban services, especially educational services. The need to pay attention to educational use as the most basic urban public services is very important due to the youth of our country. This research has analyzed the distribution of educational centers in Tabriz, especially girls' schools in the first and second secondary school, from the point of view of spatial justice. The research method is descriptive-analytical. In order to achieve the research objectives, GIS software has been used to determine the operating radius of these units and the per capita of these units has been calculated and compared with the standard per capita and the amount of shortage or surplus of these services has been determined. In order to rank these schools, indicators have been determined and these indicators have been weighed using the Topsis technique. Finally, the schools have been ranked from excellent to very poor in terms of the desired indicators and have shown their distribution in the city of Tabriz Has been. The result is that the largest number of schools are ranked as poor schools and only 7 schools are excellent according to the desired indicators, which are located in areas 1 and 3.The urban management of Tabriz metropolis needs to pay attention to areas deprived of the educational services index.
