Geomorphology
Abazar Esmali Ouri; mohammad Golshan; Komail Khorshidi Mianaee
Abstract
Determine appropriate areas for optimum use of the flood is one of the most important factors determining the success of watershed management plans that collected rainwater, with the intent varies. That the main objective is optimization and operational management of rain water based on demand and consumption. ...
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Determine appropriate areas for optimum use of the flood is one of the most important factors determining the success of watershed management plans that collected rainwater, with the intent varies. That the main objective is optimization and operational management of rain water based on demand and consumption. SamborChay watershed area with 74,830 hectares in the arid and semi-dry wines in Iran in Ardabil province is located. In order to determine suitable areas for harvesting runoff was used geographic information system GIS. For this purpose the use of concept maps suitable areas for water extraction based on the source level variable water volume obtained through AHP model was developed. After weighting to determine the parameters intensity rainfall in 30 minutes with 10 years return period, intensity rainfall in one hours with 2 years return period, average rainfall, NDVI, average slope, capacity infiltration, formation geology, and temperature their effect was assessment after appropriate and inappropriate areas were identified for harvesting runoff. The results indicate that sub basin at the northern of the area have a high potential for Production runoff with peak flow 7 to 21 (m3/s), concentration time 120 minutes, average temperature 13 C°, negative NDVI, high runoff 7 centimeters.
Geomorphology
Aliakbar Taghiloo; Sayad Asghari Saraskanroud; Batol Zeinali; Saleh Asghari Saraskanroud
Volume 20, Issue 56 , August 2016, , Pages 39-53
Abstract
Geo-tourism has been existed from combine of geo (earth) and (tourism) words. Geo-tourism is tourism that has attractions of geology, geomorphology, cultural heritage and aesthetic of the geography location. The aim of this research is evaluating of geotourist capacity of Kandovan village located in ...
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Geo-tourism has been existed from combine of geo (earth) and (tourism) words. Geo-tourism is tourism that has attractions of geology, geomorphology, cultural heritage and aesthetic of the geography location. The aim of this research is evaluating of geotourist capacity of Kandovan village located in Osco city. For this was used descripted -analyzed method. In descripted method, work tool of researchers is field and documented studies. In next stage, capability of village geo-tourism was evaluated by view of experts and tourists. Finally, analysis of data was performed by dynamical model. The results showed that scientific value index of village Geo-tourism, residual values index and region's vulnerability coefficient are 22.88, 29.08 and 2.47 respectively. Finally geo-tourist capacity of Kandovan was evaluated well based on qualitative (54.45) and quantitative criteria of model.
Mohamadreza Pourmohammadi; Arezou Shafaaty; Kiumars Maleky
Volume 17, Issue 43 , October 2013, , Pages 41-70
Abstract
Although population growth is the primary cause of urban sprawl, however sprawl has unreasonable adverse effects on natural and cultural environment which affects communities. Great efforts to overcome the negative effects of urban development has grown whose main strategy of "smart growth" as one of ...
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Although population growth is the primary cause of urban sprawl, however sprawl has unreasonable adverse effects on natural and cultural environment which affects communities. Great efforts to overcome the negative effects of urban development has grown whose main strategy of "smart growth" as one of the strategies to combat "sprawl" and smart growth, urban development, in fact is an alternative to sprawl. The increasing pattern of development is one of the tools of smart growth and the realization of sustainable development is the obvious example. Shortage of land, natural and artificial barriers to horizontal expansion of cities, the locating of city on risky zones and faults, high costs of creating infrastructure services and utilities, as well as, some considerations related to environmental sustainability, development and originality of the old urban texture, reducing waste and energy investment, suitable transport network, all have led to the development pattern and the increasing investment in the urban context. By the horizontal spread and development of the city, sometimes the natural constraints face cost increases in utilities. If we add the number of aged residents tissue to the above number, probably about half of the population is poor under rough living conditions. Due to the increasing development and improvement of old tissue and the encouragement of low-density settlement in downtown areas, such problems could be solved. In this study to evaluate the potential synergies, the historical-cultural city of for has been selected and detailed design of the data is used Tabriz 6th district master plan. In order to evaluate the potential synergies have been determined between its model and them. Finally, with regard to the status quo and the outgoing model, this result was obtained that the increased development and changes in the texture of the surface will promote stability in the city and provide an appropriate physical structure.
Javad Behmanesh; Nasrin Azad Talatape
Volume 19, Issue 51 , April 2015, , Pages 41-58
Abstract
One of the atmospheric cycle properties is climatic changes which can cause the fluctuations in meteorological parameters. These fluctuations in many world regions are considerable and water and soil resources are affected by them. To prepare against undesirable effect of climate change and adopt suitable ...
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One of the atmospheric cycle properties is climatic changes which can cause the fluctuations in meteorological parameters. These fluctuations in many world regions are considerable and water and soil resources are affected by them. To prepare against undesirable effect of climate change and adopt suitable development programs and water resources management, it is necessary to investigate the meteorological variable changes. The objective of this research was to investigate the climate change in Urmia region. In this research, the changes trend of temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, sunshine and potential evapotranspiration were studied. To achieve this goal, Urmia synoptic station daily data with 40 years period (1971-2010) were used. The Mann-kendall statistical test at confidence level of 95% was used to investigate the significance of trend in the mentioned parameters. The results showed that the trend slope of maximum, minimum and average of temperature was positive and this trend in 95% confidence level was significant. Urmia precipitation was decreased with slope of -2.26 so that this decrease was significant. The sunshine had positive slope and significant trend, but the negative trend of relative humidity and the positive trend of potential evapotranspiration (0.0068) were not significant. The monthly investigations showed that the average temperature in all months had positive slope, but this slope was not significant in all months. The other parameters in some months had positive or negative slopes.
Geomorphology
Sayyed Asadollah Hejazi; Setare Farmaini mansour
Abstract
The geomorphological features and their existence on geomorphic sites are one of the main components of the geotourism. The focus of study in this branch of science is to determine the special tourism landforms and combining it with cultural heritages, historical and ecological tourism in order to achieve ...
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The geomorphological features and their existence on geomorphic sites are one of the main components of the geotourism. The focus of study in this branch of science is to determine the special tourism landforms and combining it with cultural heritages, historical and ecological tourism in order to achieve long lasting development in a region. Therefore geomorpho sites are defined as the geomorphological forms and processes to get the scenic, scientific, cultural, historical and social effects of these places. Varkaneh village because of its geological characteristics and the geomorphological features in architecture has a high and important potential in attracting tourist. Therefore, It's of vital importance to provide ways to evaluate scientific, cultural and economic values of this village. In this work it has been tried to evaluate the capability of geomorphological places of Varkaneh using Periera method and local researches. In this method, on the one hand the geomorphological values of the sites will be distinguished by combining both scientific and supplementary criteria and on the hand the management value will be achieved by combining protection and usage criteria. The final value of geomorphological sites will be determined by combining these two main values. The results determine the highest point of the geomorphological sector among the investigatedgeomorphosites belongs to stone house (7/62) and the highest point of the management sector (6/02) belongs to this site as well. It indicates theremarkable capability of under the study geomorphological places to attract tourists and to develop the tourism of the region. According to the achieved results, in order to prepare these geomorphic places for visitors and tourists its necessary to turn this place into touring productions. Above all, Turning into tourism attractions and places needs investment and preparation to obtain a sustainable development especially in rural communities.
Rural Planning
javad Bazrafshan; Mohsen Shayan; Sajjad Bazvand
Abstract
The sustainable housing Indexs as a plan and a necessary tools have prominent role in rural housing planning for explaining the sustainability of various dimensions such as social, economic and physical of housing. Therefore, supplement of a plan in the sector of rural sustainable housing is required ...
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The sustainable housing Indexs as a plan and a necessary tools have prominent role in rural housing planning for explaining the sustainability of various dimensions such as social, economic and physical of housing. Therefore, supplement of a plan in the sector of rural sustainable housing is required to both recognition and analysis of both various dimensions and components of sustainable housing. So, this paper aims to recognize and analyze the effective factors upon rural housing sustainability and for this goal, the rural area of rurals township of zarindasht has been selected. The method of the research is descriptive-analytic, correlation and the approach is integrated. The statistical population of the research is the households of rurals township of zarindasht. The sample size for the designed questionnaire is determined300 residents using Cochran’s formula and the method of sampling is occasional. The obtained coefficient from Cochran’s formula is 0/74 percent which indicates the high reliability of the research tool. The obtained results from analyzes of the SPSS software show that the five factors of facility - and welfare, economic, building strength, efficiency and harmony with the environment are able to explain 82 percent of the indicators variances of the research and consideration to these factors in the rural housing planning are necessary.
Rural Planning
eslam beshkar; javad bazr afshan; mehrshad toulabi nejad
Volume 23, Issue 69 , December 2019, , Pages 41-64
Abstract
Local community support in tourism development is an important factor for community-based management and tourism marketing; and play a crucial role in developing tourism and, therefore, households’ livelihoods. The aim of this study is to evaluate the local community supporting of coastal tourism ...
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Local community support in tourism development is an important factor for community-based management and tourism marketing; and play a crucial role in developing tourism and, therefore, households’ livelihoods. The aim of this study is to evaluate the local community supporting of coastal tourism and its impact on sustainable livelihoods of border villages. This article, from objective point of view is functional type and its method is combined-like (qualitative and quantitative). A questionnaire is the data collection tool which is used. The statistical population consists of village households on coastal border areas of chabahar county (N=3441). 345 households was chosen by Cochran formula and by means of simple random sampling. To analyze the data, first we assessed amount of local peoples’ supporting of tourism, in the next step, to investigate the effects of each aspects of local communities supporting for tourism development we used path analysis, and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) to investigate linear relation between tourism development and sustainable livelihoods, and to evaluate the effects of tourism development on sustainable livelihoods, Cramer's V correlation coefficient was used. The findings showed the perceived benefits of tourism and the sense of place belonging are so important factors which affect the level of supporting of tourism development. Reviewing the findings of relationship between tourism development and sustainable livelihoods show that there is a statistically significant relationship between these two variances; and the greatest impact of tourism development is related to economic sustainability and the least impact of it is related to social sustainability. Therefore, it can be said that with counting local residents’ views and make them participate in decision-making and tourist management can develop tourism and this consequently leads to sustainable livelihoods of rural households.
Geomorphology
asadollah hejazi; Atrin Ebrahimi
Abstract
The growth rate of urban population varies in different regions, and the role and position of cities in this area is very influential. Baneh is now considered one of the most important cities in the west of the country, which is very much considered, and due to its commercial location, the urban population ...
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The growth rate of urban population varies in different regions, and the role and position of cities in this area is very influential. Baneh is now considered one of the most important cities in the west of the country, which is very much considered, and due to its commercial location, the urban population and the expansion of its urban settlements are in a steady rising trend. Due to the geomorphologic situation of the area, the development of the settlement areas of this city is confronted, and as a result of the development of this city, many settlements are located in areas that are geomorphologically part of the hazardous areas. Considering the above mentioned cases in this research, the Baneh urban development process from 1992 to 2017 has been evaluated and the aim of this research is to evaluate the Baneh urban development process during the period 1992 to 2017, and then on the basis of it, the development rate the city of Baneh will be projected until 2030. The research data included Landsat satellite imagery of 1992, 2001, 2011, and 2017, as well as information layers including DEM 30m. Data analysis was performed using two ARC GIS and IDRISI software. In this research, using satellite imagery of land use, a study area was developed from 1992 to 2017, and based on these maps, the LCM model predicts the development of residential areas by 2030. The results of the present study indicate that during the period 1992 to 2017 the size of the residential areas increased from 9 km2 to 20 km2, as well as the results of the prediction of the development of residential areas also indicate that the size of the restricted settlement areas until 2030 It will reach about 27.7 square kilometers.
Mirkamel Hosseini; Majid Zahedi; Mohammad Hossein Fathi; Khalil Valizadeh Kamran
Volume 17, Issue 45 , November 2013, , Pages 42-67
Abstract
This research aims at studying and understanding the full capabilities of West Azerbaijan province for sunflower cultivation. Geographic information system (GIS) was used to carry out the research. Climate data elements such as the minimum temperature during the growing season (May to September), the ...
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This research aims at studying and understanding the full capabilities of West Azerbaijan province for sunflower cultivation. Geographic information system (GIS) was used to carry out the research. Climate data elements such as the minimum temperature during the growing season (May to September), the rainfall during the growing period, the relative humidity during growth of sunflower, were prepared in 9 stations in the region between the years (1387-1373). Slope, soil and elevation data were included to determine and identify the appropriate area of study in the range of sunflower cultivation.
Using vegetative needs (favorable climatic conditions) of the crop, the production of information and data rate of each series were classified. In order to investigate the influence of each element in the earth's climate and physical factors affecting agro-climatic planting of sunflower, the data on temperature, precipitation and relative humidity were combined and then all data elements in the earth's climate and physical factors together were then integrated. The final map of the land capability for planting of sunflower was produced. Finally, the AHP model, and overlapped data in both weighted area of Zone 2, were used. Sunflower planting area in the north east and eastern parts of the study area (the city of Khoy, Qara Zyaaldyn, Poldasht and Shoot) was specified. The areas suitable for cultivation in both models were chosen to be the city of Qara Zyaaldyn and Poldasht.
Majid Rezayee Banafshe; Fatemeh Sarafroozeh; Tahereh Jalali
Volume 16, Issue 38 , February 2012, , Pages 43-74
Abstract
For investigation of variability of climatic elements of UrmiaLake basin, maximum and minimum daily temperature and daily precipitation data over period of 1984-2006 were analyzed. In this paper, 6 indices for analysis of temperature variability and 8 indices for analysis of precipitation variability ...
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For investigation of variability of climatic elements of UrmiaLake basin, maximum and minimum daily temperature and daily precipitation data over period of 1984-2006 were analyzed. In this paper, 6 indices for analysis of temperature variability and 8 indices for analysis of precipitation variability were used. The trends of these indices were specified using least square approach and for identifying their significance nonparametric, Man-Kendal test was used. Results indicate that over the study period climatic conditions have changed. The number of summer days and warm nights significantly increased with the number of cold days and cold nights reduction. Also total annual precipitation, number of precipitation days (above 2 mm) and number of heavy precipitation days (equal or above 10 mm) have significant reduction. Moreover, in the study period the number of consecutive wet days has significant reduction, but increasing of consecutive dry days is not significant.
Urban Planning
Mohammad reza Pourmohammadi; Somayeh Ahani; Fatemeh Zarei; Kayvan zarei
Abstract
Electronics City will be affected on various land use via electronic shopping, electronic services, electronic communications, e-learning, e-banking, teleporting and electronic entertainment. Tabriz has not been exempting from this category. In this research, by using descriptive - analytic method and ...
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Electronics City will be affected on various land use via electronic shopping, electronic services, electronic communications, e-learning, e-banking, teleporting and electronic entertainment. Tabriz has not been exempting from this category. In this research, by using descriptive - analytic method and AHP model, first the effect of electronics city on each of urban land uses in the areas of Tabriz has evaluated and the significance of each factor is determined. Then, according to this matter that Electronics City in all land uses led to reduce area and only need to increase the space in residential users, the process of research has follow din two scenarios. In the first scenario, it has assumed that all require to land use in the area; it must be protected in their regions area and in the second scenario, providing additional needs to residential users that arising from electronic city has considered outside the city limits. Finally, in each of the regions, priority allocation of conservation areas to different land use has analyzed. The results indicate that the main priorities of allocating space in ten regions of Tabriz, is related to land sports, culture and green space. According to land use development, there is no ability to provide the demands of citizens based on real spaces and need to use of electronic city services and virtual supply is necessary.
Ali Reza Ildoromi; Ali Reza Ildoromi
Abstract
Abstract The intensity of wind erosion desertification processes means reducing the ecological and biological land that occurs naturally or artificially by human activity. So far a large variety of methods to estimate the wind erosion rate is presented by various experts around the world. Because not ...
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Abstract The intensity of wind erosion desertification processes means reducing the ecological and biological land that occurs naturally or artificially by human activity. So far a large variety of methods to estimate the wind erosion rate is presented by various experts around the world. Because not consistent with climate models provided by experts in other countries, Iran, in 1375 IRIFR.E.A experimental model was devised and proposed. Ghahavand plains in areas which are the province of the destruction of production in the decades to face the desert. The study area is located in Sanandaj parallel to the Zagros region and has been strongly altered and magmatic activity in it. The purpose of this study, mapping of wind erosion area is IRIFR.E.A model. For this purpose, the 9 factors affecting wind erosion on the basis of the model in seven units geomorphology and geology, soil, vegetation and weather data were analysised. According to the results found that most points related to changes in land use and zoning salt is granulated or saline flats, and the last one on the regional of the village. Also according to the assessments of the area showed that 7.04percent in grade low and, 23.59 percent in grade average and 69.35 percent in the class wind erosion is very intensity.
Mahdi Pourtarery; Abdolreza Roknedin Eftekhari; Mahdi Rahmati
Volume 16, Issue 42 , March 2013, , Pages 45-63
Abstract
Making efforts to improve the quality of human being life and raising the conditions and standards of that, is one of the dimensions of planning, in our contemporary world. So that many of the most successful governments, evaluate the successful of their programs by people life improvement and increase ...
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Making efforts to improve the quality of human being life and raising the conditions and standards of that, is one of the dimensions of planning, in our contemporary world. So that many of the most successful governments, evaluate the successful of their programs by people life improvement and increase in their welfare level. On the other hand, the social welfare programs will better achieve their expected goal, if the society have an acceptable level of knowledge according to this knowledge and wisdom are the bed stone of social welfare and development the overall level of knowledge and scientific wisdom of social in Iran is relatively low. This is too lower in rural social in compare with urban social and that shows the depth of wisdom s challenge among this portion of society. However as a result of low education level, knowing a little about personal, civic and social rights makes rural community too confuse to get to its willing. In turn, this matter will have a contrary effect on success of rural social planning organizations know, this question evil raise that: is there any meaning relation behaviors rural people legal knowledge and the social welfare? To knowing this, 200 questionnaires have been filled among rural habitat of Vashian country areas of Lorestan province and have shown that there is significant correlation between social welfare and the level of legal knowledge of rural people. In respect to this personal and civic right have had the largest shares in social welfare especially in housing quality, rural partnership and housing satisfaction.
Climatology
mohammad ali goorbani; surur poorbabak; hosein Jabari; esmaeil asadi; mohammad hasan fazelifard
Abstract
Abstract Classification of Meteorological stations, causing a large volume of data to be allocated a smaller homogeneous groups, Ease of use in modeling and also can help to spread the information to point to the lack of regional data to Statistics regional statistic. Meteorological stations in ...
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Abstract Classification of Meteorological stations, causing a large volume of data to be allocated a smaller homogeneous groups, Ease of use in modeling and also can help to spread the information to point to the lack of regional data to Statistics regional statistic. Meteorological stations in the region has a crucial role in the management and effective use of information. In this study, 112 stations were analyzed in order to classify regions with fuzzy cluster analysis and Kohonen artificial neural Networks. Four parameters, namely mean annual temperature, longitude, latitude and elevation are considered as the classification criteria for grouping to obtain the optimal number of groups the lowest value of Davies- Bouldin index were used. Demarton climatic zonation was performed to evaluate the spatial distribution of clusters obtained from various methods. The results showed that the fuzzy clustering technique with the Demarton climatic zones is more consistent.
Climatology
Mohsen Armesh; Mahmood khosravi; Mohammad Saligheh
Volume 22, Issue 65 , November 2018, , Pages 45-62
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the variability of summer precipitation in the South East of Iran was selected stations and the precipitation associated was investigated with IOD index. For this purpose was used weekly precipitation data from June to September stations of Zahedan, Kerman, Bandar Abbas, ...
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This study aimed to evaluate the variability of summer precipitation in the South East of Iran was selected stations and the precipitation associated was investigated with IOD index. For this purpose was used weekly precipitation data from June to September stations of Zahedan, Kerman, Bandar Abbas, Iranshahr and Bam and weekly IOD index data. The method of this study is the correlation coefficient and discrete wavelet analysis. The results showed that in the positive phase of the IOD Index, warm air and humid of West Africa, sucked by low pressure the Persian Gulf and Pakistan and conditions creates convection in southeast of Iran, while IOD negative phase, in addition to shiftting the intertropical Convergence Zone, low pressure Persian Gulf and Pakistan are gone and West Indian Ocean for cooling than normal, stable atmosphere reigns. Summer precipitation correlation analysis between Bandar Abbas and Iranshahr with IOD index showed the strongest association. After the precipitation signal analysis of the stations showed of the Zahedan station on Level 4 and 3, respectively, at 99 and 95% was related to IOD index. The following series Kerman and Bam precipitation did not show any relationship with IOD index. Data analysis by the discrete wavelet transform showed that the most important cycle repeating 11-year occurred in the IOD index. Zahedan and Iranshahr showed periodic cycles relatively similarly. In Kerman was appeared 7-year cycle dominant and in Bandar Abbas and Bam the 11-year cycle. The process of reducing the number of weeks along with summer precipitation in the form of stations is contrary to the IOD index. But the increased intensity of precipitation stations is directly related to this index. Also Bandar Abbas, Iranshahr and Zahedan have more balanced precipitation cycles, but summer precipitation anomalies are intense in Kerman and Bam.
Urban Planning
jamal amini; mansur azizi; mahsa faramarziasl
Volume 22, Issue 66 , January 2019, , Pages 45-66
Abstract
Today, one of the most important and complex cases for urban planners is to decide on suitable places for future development of the city and the identification of suitable land for development, which is important only with a comprehensive view of all the factors influencing the physical development of ...
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Today, one of the most important and complex cases for urban planners is to decide on suitable places for future development of the city and the identification of suitable land for development, which is important only with a comprehensive view of all the factors influencing the physical development of the city. , Will be realized. Recognizing and determining the suitability and potential of land for urban and physical development is one of the primary measures in spatial and environmental planning. The purpose of this study was to identify and determine the spatial distribution of areas suitable for physical development in Mahabad city, in view of the factors affecting the physical development of the city. The criteria used included topographic layers, geology, land use, slope, slope direction, river basin, access to communication networks and observance of fault boundaries. Which determined the land suitability using the criteria used and the TOPSIS Fuzzy model in the GIS environment. The land suitability for physical development was divided into five suitable, appropriate, moderate, inappropriate and very suitable classes and its zoning plan was prepared. The results indicated that 11% of the study area was very suitable and unrestricted, suitable 7.8%, 20.32% moderate, 29.2% unsatisfactory and 30.96% of the total area of the study area was very unsuitable for development The physical-spatial of the city.Keyword: Physical development, land suitability, TOPSIS Fuzzy, Mahabad
Urban Planning
Mohammad Reza pourmohammadi; shahrivar rostayi; ahmad asadi
Volume 23, Issue 67 , April 2019, , Pages 45-65
Abstract
Due to many different reasons, providing of vitality in urban centers have become the main concerns in developed countries especially in deteriorated areas. Creating vitality in deteriorated areas is one of the most important factors that affect the tendency of citizens to increase housing selection ...
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Due to many different reasons, providing of vitality in urban centers have become the main concerns in developed countries especially in deteriorated areas. Creating vitality in deteriorated areas is one of the most important factors that affect the tendency of citizens to increase housing selection in this area. The aim of this study is to evaluate the vitality of the deteriorated area and its relationship with the housing selection. This research was carried out by survey method and information was collected through observation, preparing necessary maps and questionnaires and SPSS software was used for analyzing them. The sample size is 365 households out of 7160 household living in deteriorated areas of the city. The research questions are: 1- Is the level of vitality in deteriorated area of Zanjan acceptable? 2- Do citizens like to housing selection in the deteriorated urban area? 3- Is there any relationship between the housing selection and urban vitality in the deteriorated area? Resulting data show that the both vitality and housing selection were moderate and acceptable, and there is a significant positive relationship between vitality and housing selection. The results of the regression analysis show that the variable of vitality indicates the 25% of the variance of housing selection. Therefore, according to this study that was carried out at Deteriorated neighborhoods, increasing vitality causes to increasing dwelling. Thus, the increase in vitality lead to high capacity of deteriorated areas.
Climatology
Ali Mohammad khorshiddoust; Kaveh Mohammadpour; Seyed Asaad Hosseini
Abstract
Introduction Prediction of hospital admissions related to climatic parameters is discussed matters that in recent decades in result from climate change, urbanization and air pollution has triggered widespread in many societies. Fluctuations in climatic parameters, in turn, can have a significant impact ...
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Introduction Prediction of hospital admissions related to climatic parameters is discussed matters that in recent decades in result from climate change, urbanization and air pollution has triggered widespread in many societies. Fluctuations in climatic parameters, in turn, can have a significant impact on mortality and mortality, and the use of predictive models can be used to identify fluctuations in climatic parameters affecting disease and their prevalence and planning and Compatibility with the environment to be effective. Methodology Using of predictive models can be consider as an effective tool in managing and controlling the diseases, reducing mortality and planning. Recent study used from Artificial Neural Networks and Logistic Regression models as an effective tool in the prediction of nonlinear processes to predict the rate of asthma admissions related to Climatic parameters in Sanandaj/Sine city. Used data during period of 8-years (2001-2008) collected from synoptic station and Toheid and Beasat hospitals in the Sanandaj/Sine city. Then, the climatic parameters and rate of asthma admissions considered as an input and output data of models, respectively. Result and Discussion The results of the output of two nonlinear models of artificial neural network and Logit in examining the effect of climatic parameters on the number of the asthma patients in Sanandaj/Sine showed that the monthly average parameters with high coefficient of determination (R2=0.98) of temperature (average, minimum, maximum) and QFE pressure in the artificial neural network model and The monthly average minimum temperature, QFF pressure and wind speed (in Knot) in the Logit model have had the greatest impact on the rate of asthma admissions in the city. As the wind speed in the Logit model is more effective than other climatic parameters, that it is clear with the logarithmic superiority (-0.977) and the Wald coefficient (85.616). In general, air pressure, temperature and wind speed are the most effective climatic parameters on the number of asthma patients visiting the hospital. Therefore, depending on the accuracy of the models, the above argument means that among the parameters examined, the elements are more important than other parameters in the city. As the climatic elements have a more effective role in the admission patients to the hospital, and their fluctuations will be more significant in patients' fluctuations. The effects of environmental parameters (climate and pollutants) on diseases have previously been investigated as well, so that the results of previous logistic regression have display a increase respiratory disease, vulnerability of children to asthma and an increase in allergies; In the present study, the results of Logit model (69.5%) also indicate that decrease in the average minimum temperature lead to a decrease in the number of the asthma patients, it means that the rate of asthma is more less in temperatures close to zero or higher and vice versa, the admission more higher in the colder temperature (below zero); in the other words, the more balanced the temperature has the lower the rate, and in the colder the ambient temperature has the highest the number of asthma patients. Thus, comparison the present results and previous studies show that admissions change depending on climate, geographic position and the fluctuation of the elements and then the specific geographical location and the different climatic types of a region will play a decisive role in the number of asthma visitors to hospital. Conclusion The results indicated that Artificial Neural Network model predicted the asthma admissions related to monthly minimum, maximum and average temperatures with considerable accuracy, so that the correlation between actual and predicted data is significant with 0.01 coefficient and 0.99 confidence. Also, Input parameters in the Logit method shows that the rate of asthma admissions affected by parameters of average minimum temperature, average pressure QFF and average wind speed (in knot). In other words, the logarithmic ratio of each of cited parameters is significant with β-coefficients (-0.517), (-0.734) and (-0.977), respectively, that throughout of studied parameters is wind element of effective in asthma admissions then others to the hospital. In general, Artificial Neural Network model showed more sufficiency and accuracy than Logit model. As a result, both Logistic Regression and the Artificial Neural Network methods show that climatic parameters have a greater than 50% effect on the number of asthma patients referred to the hospital (the accuracy models: 69.5 and 98, respectively). In the Artificial Neural Network model, the most accurate possible result shows the more effective role of climatic parameters of temperature and air pressure on the asthma patients. Also, filtering the parameters examined at the output of the Logistic model showed the most possible coefficients for minimum temperature, QFF air pressure and wind speed (knot), among which wind speed was the most important element. Finally, the accuracy of the models showed that the Artificial Neural Network model has a higher accuracy depending on the coefficient of determination and highest correlation. Thus, Artificial Neural Network and Logit as nonlinear methods could well predict the relationship between climatic parameters and the number of the asthma patients. Also, according to the appropriate selection of input parameters and determination of different structures in the neural network is possible to design different models with the highest efficiency and can be considered as an effective and powerful tool in estimating similar studies. Introduction Prediction of hospital admissions related to climatic parameters is discussed matters that in recent decades in result from climate change, urbanization and air pollution has triggered widespread in many societies. Fluctuations in climatic parameters, in turn, can have a significant impact on mortality and mortality, and the use of predictive models can be used to identify fluctuations in climatic parameters affecting disease and their prevalence and planning and Compatibility with the environment to be effective. Methodology Using of predictive models can be consider as an effective tool in managing and controlling the diseases, reducing mortality and planning. Recent study used from Artificial Neural Networks and Logistic Regression modelsasan effective toolinthe prediction ofnonlinearprocessesto predict the rate of asthma admissions related to Climatic parameters in Sanandaj/Sine city. Used data during period of 8-years (2001-2008) collected from synoptic station and Toheid and Beasat hospitals in the Sanandaj/Sine city. Then, the climatic parameters and rate of asthma admissions considered as an input and output data of models, respectively. Result and Discussion The results of the output of two nonlinear models of artificial neural network and Logit in examining the effect of climatic parameters on the number of the asthma patients in Sanandaj/Sine showed that the monthly average parameters with high coefficient of determination (R2=0.98) of temperature (average, minimum, maximum) and QFE pressure in the artificial neural network model and The monthly average minimum temperature, QFF pressure and wind speed (in Knot) in the Logit model have had the greatest impact on the rate of asthma admissions in the city. As the wind speed in the Logit model is more effective than other climatic parameters, that it is clear with the logarithmic superiority (-0.977) and the Wald coefficient (85.616). In general, air pressure, temperature and wind speed are the most effective climatic parameters on the number of asthma patients visiting the hospital. Therefore, depending on the accuracy of the models, the above argument means that among the parameters examined, the elements are more important than other parameters in the city. As the climatic elements have a more effective role in the admission patients to the hospital, and their fluctuations will be more significant in patients' fluctuations. The effects of environmental parameters (climate and pollutants) on diseases have previously been investigated as well, so that the results of previous logistic regression have display a increase respiratory disease, vulnerability of children to asthma and an increase in allergies; In the present study, the results of Logit model (69.5%) also indicate that decrease in the average minimum temperature lead to a decrease in the number of the asthma patients, it means that the rate of asthma is more less in temperatures close to zero or higher and vice versa, the admission more higher in the colder temperature (below zero); in the other words, the more balanced the temperature has the lower the rate, and in the colder the ambient temperature has the highest the number of asthma patients. Thus, comparison the present results and previous studies show that admissions change depending on climate, geographic position and the fluctuationof the elements and then the specific geographical location and the different climatic types of a region will play a decisive role in the number of asthma visitors to hospital. Conclusion The results indicated that Artificial Neural Network model predicted the asthma admissions related to monthly minimum, maximum and average temperatures with considerable accuracy, so that the correlation between actual and predicted data is significant with 0.01coefficient and0.99 confidence.Also, Input parameters in the Logit method shows that the rate of asthma admissions affected by parameters of average minimum temperature, average pressure QFF and average wind speed (in knot). In other words, the logarithmicratio ofeach of citedparametersissignificant with β-coefficients (-0.517), (-0.734)and(-0.977), respectively, thatthroughoutofstudied parametersis windelement of effective in asthma admissionsthen others to thehospital. In general, ArtificialNeural Networkmodelshowed more sufficiencyandaccuracy than Logitmodel. As a result, both Logistic Regression and the Artificial Neural Network methods show that climatic parameters have a greater than 50% effect on the number of asthma patients referred to the hospital (the accuracy models: 69.5 and 98, respectively). In the Artificial Neural Network model, the most accurate possible result shows the more effective role of climatic parameters of temperature and air pressure on the asthma patients. Also, filtering the parameters examined at the output of the Logistic model showed the most possible coefficients for minimum temperature, QFF air pressure and wind speed (knot), among which wind speed was the most important element. Finally, the accuracy of the models showed that the Artificial Neural Network model has a higher accuracy depending on the coefficient of determination and highest correlation. Thus, Artificial Neural Network and Logit as nonlinear methods could well predict the relationship between climatic parameters and the number of the asthma patients. Also, according to the appropriate selection of input parameters and determination of different structures in the neural network is possible to design different models with the highest efficiency and can be considered as an effective and powerful tool in estimating similar studies.
Masaoed Taghvaee; Hossin Kiumarsi
Volume 17, Issue 44 , September 2013, , Pages 47-71
Abstract
In today's modern and industrial world, tourism and taking advantage of natural attractions in original natural regions is more sensible. One of these natural attractions is beach and lake regions that attract many tourists all over the world. The Kaftar lake which has located in north of Fars province ...
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In today's modern and industrial world, tourism and taking advantage of natural attractions in original natural regions is more sensible. One of these natural attractions is beach and lake regions that attract many tourists all over the world. The Kaftar lake which has located in north of Fars province south of Eghlid has county is also one of these natural attractions, although many potentials regarding tourism industry, there has been no study to identify its potentials. The dominant approach in this research is developmental-applicable and research method is a combination of analytic, survey and causal method through using SWOT technique. We identify weaknesses, potentials, and the threats of tourism industry. The results from research show that the development of tourism in Kaftar lake has many setbacks that requires more attention of responsible and local people that is regarded as the approach to attract private and governmental investment from big cities around in order to foster hygiene-medical and accommodation infrastructures. Gaining a rate of 370 is regarded as the best approach of tourism development in Kaftar lake. At the end we provide the developmental approaches of KaftarLake in four immediate, short-term, middle-term, and long term phases.
Karim Hosseinzadeh Delir; Rasool Ghorbani; Abolghasem Taghzadeh Fanid
Volume 16, Issue 40 , September 2012, , Pages 47-74
Abstract
Since the process of increasing urbanization and its effects, has been made more important the necessity of planned about urban development. Some of the problems about this that we face are: metropolises issues, decreasing the quality of life due to more density of population and activities, new towns ...
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Since the process of increasing urbanization and its effects, has been made more important the necessity of planned about urban development. Some of the problems about this that we face are: metropolises issues, decreasing the quality of life due to more density of population and activities, new towns strategy buildings - especially in the middle of latest centaury - Thus, this model has been used in many countries (in past decades) and also it has been started since 1357 with the aim of housing for industry workers, and after the Islamic Revolution, mainly to absorb the metropolis crowd overflow.
Now, after more than one-fourth century and beginning of attracting population process for some of new towns, the main purpose of the article is the answer to this question, that "how much this policy was successful?". And we compare the performance of Sahand new town about the absorption of Tabriz metropolis crowd overflow with prior goals that are based on documental and survey methods on sample include 350 household, production and servicing units.
Findings show that, Sahand new town was clearly retarded of contingency planning about buildings, especially population absorption and employment. But the predicted performances to attract the overflow crowd of Tabriz and provide house, some deal orientation resolved to realize the goals.
Ali Mohammad Khorshiddoust; Gholam Hasan Mohammadi; Atefeh Hosseini Sadr; Khadijeh Javan; Abolfazl Jamali
Volume 17, Issue 46 , February 2014, , Pages 47-66
Abstract
The effective synoptic systems on dust events was investigated in the west of Iran based on observed dusty days at 50 meteorological stations using principal component analysis (PCA) and geographical information system (GIS). Results showed that the first 5 components explained 69.11% of spatial variability ...
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The effective synoptic systems on dust events was investigated in the west of Iran based on observed dusty days at 50 meteorological stations using principal component analysis (PCA) and geographical information system (GIS). Results showed that the first 5 components explained 69.11% of spatial variability of dust event variance. For detecting of affective synoptic systems, the computed correlation coefficient of stations with each component (Rotated Component Matrix) was transferred to the GIS environment, and synoptic patterns that affected spatial variability of dust events were simulated through Kriging interpolation method. It was shown that Azores high pressure system has the most effective role in frequency of days with dust in the west of Iran through the creation of surface thermal low pressures.
Climatology
gholam hassan jafari; Hazhir Mohammadi
Volume 23, Issue 68 , September 2019, , Pages 47-69
Abstract
Changes in the base levels are the most important factors of forms and processes’ imbalance in drainage basins. Ghezel Ozan basin, which is the sub-basin of Caspian Sea, has had many effects on base level fluctuations. In this study, Channels and Lithology were evaluated using GIS software and ...
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Changes in the base levels are the most important factors of forms and processes’ imbalance in drainage basins. Ghezel Ozan basin, which is the sub-basin of Caspian Sea, has had many effects on base level fluctuations. In this study, Channels and Lithology were evaluated using GIS software and topographic and geological maps. Using evidences, the base level changes including the capture and diversion of convergent radial rivers and channels of Bijar geo-neuron in Qezal Oazan Basin were identified. Also, the relationship between branch and length of the channels in Bijar sub-basins was investigated using the fractal geometry theory and Horton- Strahler stream ordering method and their fractal dimension was calculated. The results show that the effects of changes in local base levels of Bijar hole can be traced as aggregate levels in the alluvial plains of 6 sub-basins of Angouran-Chay, Hassanabad Yasukand, Yol-Kashti, Ghorveh and Dehgolan, Garmab and Sujasrud. The prospecting process is visible in the center of the hole. At elevations of 1561, 1540 and 1515 meters in Bijar hills, 3 lake terraces have been observed. The fractal number of 2.12 of Bijar basin indicates that the whole basin is in a relatively moderate condition and the retardation erosion in the branches is going to be stopped. In the two sub-basins of Yol-Keshti and Ghorveh-Dehgolan, fractal dimension of less than 2 shows that the coefficient of branching is greater than the basin area. At the head of the water at the Angoran Chay, Sujasrud and Garmab sub-basins, the branches are still developing and retreating. Hassanabad Yasukand sub-basin with the highest fractal number among the sub-basins (3.25) reaches its maximum balance and the lowest erosion is dominant in its branches. Investigating the relationship between fractal dimensions and branching ratio with the area of the studied basins indicates a reverse and negative relationship.
Geomorphology
Nayer Aghabeigi; Abazar Esmali Ouri; Raoof Mostafazadeh; mohammad Golshan
Abstract
Introduction Estimation of the rivers sediment load has high complexity due to effecting different parameters in this aspect. Regarding the power relationship between discharge data and suspended sediment load use of sediment rating curves is one of the most common methods for determining the sediment ...
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Introduction Estimation of the rivers sediment load has high complexity due to effecting different parameters in this aspect. Regarding the power relationship between discharge data and suspended sediment load use of sediment rating curves is one of the most common methods for determining the sediment yield in ungauged watersheds. Sediment condition shows the upstream characters and using of the obtained data makes a relation between erosion and sediment load. The different parameters such as climate, land use, data accuracy and the applied methods have the effect on the sediment rating curve shape. Agriculture activities such as tillage in the direction of slope lead to accelerated erosion in the watersheds, especially in the Mediterranean area. These decades many studies assessing the effects of climate changes in the future period and it affects on runoff. In this study, the main objective is to obtain sediment changes during the future decade (2011-2030) using the curve rating in sediment estimating. For this purpose, the IHACRES hydrologic model and the LARS_WG climate model were used. Material and Methode The IHACRES model for seven hydrometric stations was calibrated and validated. This model is a rainfall and runoff erosion that require a little data for running including minimum and maximum temperature, rainfall, discharge and study are. This model defined as a lumped model and highly common in watersheds with scarce data. With running this model in all of the models the model parameters were calibrated. Also, the LARS_WG model was used for determining the weather changes that are occurring in the Samian watershed. This watershed has near to 4 thousand square kilometers that have many sub-watersheds. In this study, the watersheds in the west of the Samian watershed were selected for modeling. The average of rainfall in this area is between 220 and 457 mm, and the weather temperature changes in this region are high and that is between -32 to 34 C°. The results of LARS_WG showed the weather changes in each part of the hydrological model inputs that these changes were applied to the IHACRES model and the discharge flow rate was estimated for the future. On the other hand, using the observed discharge and sediment yield were calculated the sediment curve rate. By changes in flow discharge at the study stations, were calculated the suspended sediment discharges for the future period. results and discussion The results of the LARS_WG model showed that the amount of precipitation decreased to 3.68 percent and the minimum and the maximum temperature increased by 16.48 and 5.39 percent, respectively. Decreasing of the input precipitation in most part of the world particularly in Iran watersheds mentioned in many studies. One of the other the most important effect of the climate change in this area is minimum and maximum temperature increase that leads to evapotranspiration increasing and soil moisture loss. The results of the IHACRES model showed that this model has the suitable capability for simulation runoff in the study area, therefore, it was used for estimating the future runoff regarding climate changes. The model output showed that during the next decades the average flow rate in the hydrometric stations will decrease by a total of 16 percent and the number of peak flood events will increase, that the highest increase between the study watersheds observed in the Yamchi hydrometric station with a mean of 2.09 m3s-1 and 16 peak events with over 6 m3s-1. Using the obtained results of the climatic model, hydrological model and the sediment rating curve the suspend sediment changes were estimated for the future period. The result shows that these climatic changes will lead to a 47 percent reduction in the average of suspended sediment load at study stations. Conclusion The consequences of the climate changes have the significant effect on water resources quality and quantity. The aims of this study were calculating the weather changes and it's ruling on discharge and sediment yield changed. the results of this study indicate the effect of climate change on the Ardabil province watersheds is remarkable. Considering the environmental impacts of climate change and dependence on human life on the environment it is necessary to implement an appropriate approach for decent management in Watersheds.
Saeed Jahanbakhshasl; Majid Rezaeebanafsheh; Masood Godarzy; Abdolmohammad Ghaforyrozbehany; MohammadHossein Mahdiyan
Volume 16, Issue 41 , November 2012, , Pages 49-66
Abstract
One of the main objectives in hydrology is rainfall–runoff forecasting systems for determination of flood hydrograph in outlet of a watershed. Flood discharge could be estimated using rainfall-runoff models, which explain hydrological phenomena for un-gauged watersheds. The aim of this study was ...
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One of the main objectives in hydrology is rainfall–runoff forecasting systems for determination of flood hydrograph in outlet of a watershed. Flood discharge could be estimated using rainfall-runoff models, which explain hydrological phenomena for un-gauged watersheds. The aim of this study was to investigate the consistency, accuracy and reliability of time–area and Clark Instantaneous unit hydrograph models in estimating the shape, peak discharge, time to peak, time base and volume hydrograph of flood resulting from a rainfall with certain intensity and duration. For this purpose the topographic map of Bazoft watershed digitized by using R2V package, the digital elevation model (DEM) and isochronal prepared with the ILWIS software. Finally, the flood hydrographs were estimated by Clark and Time-Aria models for six selected storm events. The computed hydrographs then compared with those obtained by measured data. The results show that the Clark model gives a better estimation of outlet hydrograph in comparison with time-area model.
Sara Beheshtifar; Abbas Alimohammadi
Volume 19, Issue 53 , September 2015, , Pages 49-68
Abstract
The ever-increasing population leads to establishing new educational centers. One of the important stages in school establishing, is selecting the optimal locations for them according to different objectives and criteria. The objectives are defined to determine well-distributed schools with balanced ...
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The ever-increasing population leads to establishing new educational centers. One of the important stages in school establishing, is selecting the optimal locations for them according to different objectives and criteria. The objectives are defined to determine well-distributed schools with balanced capacity and minimize the incompatibility of land-uses in the area. Increasing the related factors and criteria makes the location-allocation problem more complicated. Therefore, it is necessary to use efficient methods to solve it. In this paper, GIS, Multi-criteria decision making methods and multi-objective evolutionary algorithm were used to location-allocation of multiple girls’ primary schools in region 17 of Tehran urban area. Equity in geographic access and balance of schools capacity were considered in optimization process. Furthermore, suitability of the selected sites was determined considering the distance from the compatible and incompatible land-uses of the area. Because of using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, multiple solutions are presented in results instead of only one solution. In this research, five solutions were selected and investigated. In the best solution according to the first objective function, although the suitability of sites is adequate, the capacities of schools are imbalanced. In the best solution according to the second objective function (equity in geographic access), the chosen sites are well-distributed, but the compatibility of the land-uses and suitability of the sites are not satisfactory. Similarly, in the best solution according to the third objective function (balance of schools capacity), compatibility of the land-uses and suitability of the sites are inappropriate. Anyway, decision-makers can compare different optimal solutions and choose one of them to implementation according to different relative importance of objective functions.
