Urban Planning
Fatemeh Gessami; Elham Yousefi; Esmail Salehi; Mohsen Kafi
Volume 19, Issue 52 , June 2015, , Pages 257-276
Abstract
Urban population growth causes serious consequences for the environment. Here is where creating macro green space as the most important balancing factor becomes a necessity. Therefore, an undeniable need in urbanization and future development of urban space is identifying the site of green space and ...
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Urban population growth causes serious consequences for the environment. Here is where creating macro green space as the most important balancing factor becomes a necessity. Therefore, an undeniable need in urbanization and future development of urban space is identifying the site of green space and urban parks. Land suitability analysis is a process identifying an appropriate site in a certain area for certain land use. In the present research, land suitability analysis is used to examine the suitability of regional parks in Jiroft City. Hence, first the current situation of urban green space is examined on the basis of spatial of factors (slope, distance from water source) and situational factors (distance from historical buildings, distance from river, distance from downtown, price) and then regional park of suitability is analyzed by using GIS. Suitable green spaces are presented and finally sites for constructing new green spaces are identified. The results of this research showed that the regional parks of Jiroft City are situated in appropriate site and the allocated lands for constructing new regional parks need revision
Land use Planning
Fariba Karami; Abolfazl Ghanbari; davod hasandost Farhani
Abstract
Introduction Passive defense refers to the set of actions that does not require application of war wares and with using it, we can prevent vital installations damage, sensitive military and nonmilitary centers, and human loses and to decrease the extent of damage or to minimize them. Literally, the ...
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Introduction Passive defense refers to the set of actions that does not require application of war wares and with using it, we can prevent vital installations damage, sensitive military and nonmilitary centers, and human loses and to decrease the extent of damage or to minimize them. Literally, the word defense is a combination of two terms in Persian language: “pad” and “afand”. In Persian literature, “pad” is a prefix meaning ant, counter, rear, and pursuit. “Afand” means war, fght, batle, and hostlityPassive defense is one of the basic measures in crisis management. It is possible that the passive defense decreases the losses as far as possible. In general It can be mentioned that passive defense includes a collection of unarmed actions which causes increasing of suppression, decreasing of vulnerability, continuity of vital activities , promotion of national stability and facility of crisis management against the threats and the enemy`s military actions. Passive defense, in addition to reducing damage from human-made hazards, is also used to reduce risks to natural hazards. Therefore, passive defense is not about war and peace but a preparation to deal with various natural disaster and abnormal events. Passive defense plans are developed before crisis, at the tme of peace, and include design for all steps of crisis management. Basic defnitons of passive defense may unwitngly focus one’s atenton on politcal and military defense issues, rather than events and crises caused by natural forces; however, the truth is that, in additon to reducing damage caused by human-made threats, passive defense measures in residential areas are also useful in reducing risks in face of natural hazard. An important issue in passive defense is selection of place. Site selection can be viewed as a Multiple Criteria Decision-Making or Multiple Attributes Decision-Making (MCDM/MADM) problems. The MCDM or MADM is the approach dealing with the ranking and selection of one or more sites from the alternatives. MCDM methods have been developed to assist decision makers in either ranking a known set of alternatives for a problem or making a choice among this set while considering the conflicting criteria. In recent years with the development of passive defense in the world, extensive studies were carried out in this area. In Iran, because of strategic and political importance of the Middle East region and due to its natural location and the confrontation with various types of natural disasters in Iran, studies on passive defense are necessary.The purpose of this research is to locate sites suitable for establishing sensitive and vital centers in Bojnourd Township. North Khorasan Province is one of the border provinces of Iran. Bojnourd township is a provincial capital because of the establishment of management and command centers, bordered by Turkmenistan and located on the international route of sensitive arteries and basic ways of the country. On the other hand, Bojnurd is geologically located in Kopet Dagh Zone. In this zone there are active and important faults. Methods In order to carry out the study, an applied research method and a ombinaton of documentary, descriptve, analytcal and case study methods were used.In this study, the research method is descriptive-analytic, and a FANP compilation model was used. Data was collected based on library studies and documentation reviews and the distribution of the questionnaire among experts .In this research, The natural and human criteria of the research, including the sub criteria of slope, direction of slope, elevation, vegetation, protected areas, lithology, distance from the fault, distance from the river, distance from industry, distance from the border, distance from the city, distance from the village, distance from the high power lines and distance from the roads were chosen. The questionnaire data was processed using the Super Decision software, based on the ANP model. Then, the coefficient of significance of each factor was multiplied by Arc GIS software with the desired layer. Ultimately, the fuzzy layers were fuzzy and maps were fused in the software. Results and Discussion The results of this study showed that the most suitable zones are the middle belt, east and south east of Bojnourd township. Unsuitable areas for the establishment of critical sites are located in the north, southwest and around the city of Bojnourd, with passive defense approach. Conclusion Based on the results of this zoning, Bojnourd city management centers such as the governor's office, the Radio and Television Organization, military centers, the main water pumping station, high voltage power plant and support centers such as wheat silos, industrial towns, etc. are not located in a suitable place.
Ali Mahdi; Ahmad Pourahmad; Hosein Hataminezhad
Volume 18, Issue 49 , November 2014, , Pages 259-293
Abstract
Today, the concept of health-life and healthy urban life, regarding rapid population growth, urbanization, migration, poverty and slumming that have changed to the common trends of the world, especially underdeveloped countries are of the most important issues of medical geography, life quality and stable ...
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Today, the concept of health-life and healthy urban life, regarding rapid population growth, urbanization, migration, poverty and slumming that have changed to the common trends of the world, especially underdeveloped countries are of the most important issues of medical geography, life quality and stable development. Therefore, the present paper with the purpose of studying one of the most important slum living neighborhoods of Qom (Shadgholikhan), deals with knowing the existing problems of the residents on the aspect of related issues such as the abnormal condition of proximity, land users, education, economical situation and peoples’ jobs. The method of study in the present paper is analytical-descriptive and a number of 380 questionnaires based on Cochran model were distributed among residents, so that the ideas of the neighborhood residents were collected in this way and field observations were also o f the major axes. Later, to analyze the questionnaires the SPSS and tests such as Mann-Chi-Square, Whitney, ANOVA, Tukey LSD, Variance equality test, and F test were used. The results showed that because of sever social and cultural and especially economic weakness of residents of Shdgholijhan neighborhood and also threatening interior and exterior factors in the neighborhood, the residents under study do not have clear access to health axes and therefore do not have suitable living health.
Rural Planning
vahid riahi; Farhad Azizpour; zari ghasemian
Abstract
Introduction: In each country, Development in rural areas requires coherent planning and coordination that Derived from the dominant ideology and accepted by the Stakeholders of development. Studies have shown that in many countries, particularly in developed and even developing countries visioning ...
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Introduction: In each country, Development in rural areas requires coherent planning and coordination that Derived from the dominant ideology and accepted by the Stakeholders of development. Studies have shown that in many countries, particularly in developed and even developing countries visioning has been an initial step for planning. The purpose of visioning development is to focus on potential, opportunities and rural issues. Indeed, every community has its own unique history, geography, and development trajectory. Vision is an activity that citizens and stakeholders decide to create a common vision of the future of their community and also that is interactive and participatory process. Successful rural community development demands an integrated and comprehensive approach to identify opportunities, constraints and social expectations. In the Hazarjarib rural area, Diversity of environment is dominant; therefore, achieving development is a comprehensive understanding of the local level. Despite of its capacities and resources, it has not succeeded in stabilizing its true status in the country's economy. it moves on the path to non-development, in which the acceleration of poverty overcomes development. So this study is aimed to identify effective factors in providing a development visioning plan. Key question in this project: what are effective Factors in providing a development visioning plan in the Hazarjarib rural Area? Methodology the Present study surveys Effective Factors in providing a development visioning plan Hazarjarib rural Area. This is an applied research and uses descriptive-analytical method. Data were collected through fieldwork and library study, Questionnaires and interviews. The statistical population has included of 2 groups, the councils of 152 villages with 10605 households and experts 35 people. Sampling is done in two parts. The first part, Questionnaires, interview with the local expert and stakeholders, the total number is counted. In the experts part; use purposive sampling. In data analysis, Durbin- Watson tests, Regression, path analysis and Pearson correlation were used in SPSS software. Results and Discussion A) Effective Factors in providing a development visioning plan The results showed that the factors were identified in two categories: capacities and Barriers. Capacities include rural tourism attractions, agricultural sector capabilities and human capital and Barriers include Structural and planning constraints, institutional and administrative constraints, the weakness of local and institutional management, the weakness of the law, neglect of the agricultural sector, and economic and social problems. B) Effective mechanism in providing a development visioning plan Among the set of effective factors, obstacles including Institutional inefficiency, neglect of agricultural sector, planning and structural constraints and economic problems with impact factor -0.597, 0.413, 0.346 and -23.3, have The most direct and significant effective on providing a development visioning plan. Also Lack of local and institutional management, weaknesses in laws and social problems has indirect effects. Among these factors, agricultural capabilities and rural tourism attractions has a direct impact on the rural development program with impact factor -0.395 and -0.300. Mentioned factors, in addition to direct effectiveness, they are indirectly affected in providing a development visioning plan. Due to High number of obstacles, they have shown their direct effects negatively. This means that, without removing the barriers, capacities can also have a diminishing and negative effect on the preparation of visioning plan. Capacities and capabilities will play a positive role in providing development visioning plan, As long as, Constraints of structural planning system, local management and agricultural sector problems and issues related to them to be solved. Conclusion Existence of a development vision program based on local participation and using existing ecological talents and abilities, it causes indigenous development. Also neglected to prepare the program, it led to Unequal Development, Economic and social injustice, migration, and so on. , As long as these barriers are not resolved in the preparation of a vision plan, any planning and preparation of a program for development and long-term goals will be inefficient and ineffective.
Haji Karimi; Hasan Fathizade
Volume 19, Issue 53 , September 2015, , Pages 277-297
Abstract
Abstract
Selection of an optimal interpolation method for estimating the characteristics of the not-sampled points was the main aim of this study, due to the important role of data management. In this study, ordinary Kiriging interpolation models including linear, exponential, spherical, Gaussian were ...
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Abstract
Selection of an optimal interpolation method for estimating the characteristics of the not-sampled points was the main aim of this study, due to the important role of data management. In this study, ordinary Kiriging interpolation models including linear, exponential, spherical, Gaussian were used to estimate the mean annual rainfall of Ilam Province. For this purpose the normality of the data was checked using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov method and then the variogram of each model was calculated and plotted. In continuation, the best spatially fitted variogram between the data was used being compared to the other variograms. For this purpose, the relation between the piece effect and the roof of variogram was used (Co+C). According to the parameters obtained from the fitted variograms, the Gaussian variogram with the 0.33 best fitted the correlation between the data and was used for interpolation. In order to evaluate the efficiency of employed models, the root mean square error (RMSE) and the standard error of results were used. The results showed that the Gaussian Variogram having the lowest estimation error (6.12) and root mean square error (166) were the best model for the interpolation of the data in this investigation. Furthermore, comparison of RMSE with Standard Error (SE) for calculating the amount of expectations demonstrated that the four models gave overestimations.
Jamal Mohammadi; Hossein Poorghayoomy
Volume 18, Issue 48 , June 2014, , Pages 279-298
Abstract
In the past decade we encountered the population growth of our country, resulted in demand growth. Perhaps there are not much service centers in this city, but the efficient distribution of these centers is important. One of the service centers which has a significant role on city and is safety insurance ...
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In the past decade we encountered the population growth of our country, resulted in demand growth. Perhaps there are not much service centers in this city, but the efficient distribution of these centers is important. One of the service centers which has a significant role on city and is safety insurance for human life, is firehouse center. Fast and on time access of firehouse vehicles to the accident location is very important, because on time access of vehicles to accident location results to lesser damage. On the other hand, this on time access to accident location is related to efficient distribution of firehouse centers. In order to evaluate the current situation of firehouse centers regarding fire accidents, the Noorabad city was chosen as the study issue, and by using GIS function, network analysis and multiage analyses of Thiessen, the current situation of Noorabad firehouse centers were studied. After recognizing the improper distribution of these centers using AHP model and index overlaps, the proper location of firehouse centers of Noorabad city was identified using GIS software. The current research method is descriptive-analytic. The required information of this research were collected from field observation, comprehensive design study and descriptive data of Noorabad city, 1.5000 maps of current situation and also field observation
Aghil Madadi; Behnam Noee; Abazar Esmali
Volume 17, Issue 43 , October 2013, , Pages 307-326
Abstract
Identifying of impact factors in occurrence landslides of and hazard zoning is basic instrument for controlling this Phenomenon. Aim of this research is the assessment of the effective factors in landside occurrence and mapping it by using landside index model (LIM). For above pepouse", 11 important ...
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Identifying of impact factors in occurrence landslides of and hazard zoning is basic instrument for controlling this Phenomenon. Aim of this research is the assessment of the effective factors in landside occurrence and mapping it by using landside index model (LIM). For above pepouse", 11 important factors in mapping of landslide were evaluated and recognized by field working. Then landslide hazard zoning was performed by landside index model on the basis of 11 factors weight. After calculating of these factors (altitude classes, slope gradient, slope orientation, network dantsity, distance from river, distance from road, lithology, distanse from fault, vegetation cover, land use, annul rainfall and soil hydraulic group), final map was commutated from algebraic overlaying of 11-layers and there by final weight map was obtained. Study and analysis of 11-raster map, and important factors in Givi Chay watershed landslides using LIM Method showed that area with annual 375-405 mm precipitation had more influence in landslide occurrence. Also altitude classes between 1512-1927m area with low vegetation, area with high permeable soils and slopes with east and northeast orientation higher influence in occurrence.
Volume 18, Issue 48 , June 2014, , Pages 1-312
Urban Planning
MohammadHasan Yazdani; samira saeidi zaranji; hadi eskandari eynodin
Abstract
Population growth has made a huge difference in the various aspects of human life and their function, including the spatial status of individuals. In this growth. This growth usually includes having good and proper housing is one of the most important priorities of every society. There are many differences ...
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Population growth has made a huge difference in the various aspects of human life and their function, including the spatial status of individuals. In this growth. This growth usually includes having good and proper housing is one of the most important priorities of every society. There are many differences between neighborhoods and urban areas in terms of having a good and affordable housing, and these differences have led citizens to consider different indicators for their choice of residence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate domiciliation indices in Ardabil city. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and causal in nature based on structural equation modeling. Data were collected through a questionnaire with 4 indices (socio-cultural, economic, environmental and physical) and 33 items based on the responses of residents of Aftab, Mahtab, Banafsheh and Milad residential towers in District 2 of Ardabil city with a sample size of 400 . The collected data were analyzed by SPSS, Smart-PLS software. The results of path coefficient analysis and t-test showed that the variables (suitability of neighborhood conditions, heeding of urban principles and widespreading of alleyways and streets, suitability of neighborhood conditions for traffick of women, having parking, freshity and inanity of neighborhood, people's culture level had dedicated the most date for itself. The results showed that 4 research indicators have a positive and significant impact on domiciliation selection of Ardebil residents. With identifying and evaluating domiciliation indicators in the view of citizens, city managers can improve and perferment the housing conditions of citizens.
All other Geographic fields of studies , Interdisciplinary
Shohreh Abdoalmohamdi; Alireza Ildoromi; Mosayeb Heshmati
Abstract
Introduction Land use change generally has a serious impact on the rate Organic matter and other properties Physical and chemical soils.So that today, the study of the effects of land use change on soil characteristics in watersheds is one of the important and important topics for researchers. ...
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Introduction Land use change generally has a serious impact on the rate Organic matter and other properties Physical and chemical soils.So that today, the study of the effects of land use change on soil characteristics in watersheds is one of the important and important topics for researchers. Pichakd, (2017) Khatir Pasha et al. (2017) examined the effect of land use change on soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics in Qalaq forest of the city.The results showed that the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil were significantly different between different uses and the dynamics of nitrogen could be affected by changes in forest uses. Data and colleagues (2015) concluded by examining the characteristics of sodium soils and organic carbon components in various uses in northwestern India That's in all usesAs the depth increases, bulk density, the amount of silt and clay, and the pH and electrical conductivity of the soil increase The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of land use change on the physical and chemical properties of soil in the Kermanshah Helshi watershed. Methodology The Halshi watershed is part of the Qarasu basin with an area of about 7356.65 hectares, which is located 30 km southeast of Kermanshah..In this research, first, using topographic maps of the region and satellite images, the land use map of the region was prepared in three classes of agriculture, forest and rangeland.In the next step, based on land use maps, topography (slope, direction, height), geology, soil hydrology, land capability, erosion of soil sampling points in the study area in Arc GIS 9.3 software environment are specified and according to the conditions. Homogeneity and area of each land use at a shallow depth of about 0-20 cm 38 soil samples including 18 samples in agricultural lands, 10 samples in rangeland lands and 10 samples in Forest lands Accidentally harvested and the geographical characteristics of each soil sample were recorded by GPS. The soil samples were then transferred to the laboratory after drying in the open air and the physical and chemical properties were evaluated using one-way variance (ANOVA) and SAS software. Discussion and results According to the results of statistical analysis and the meanings obtained from clay, silt and sand ratio in the samples of soil tested, the type of soil texture in agricultural use is more than clay and loamy-clay type, rangeland lands with loamy texture and lands. It is a clay-silty forest, Due to land use change, soil texture has changed from clay-silt in the forest to clay in agriculture.Reducing the stability of aggregate in agricultural use compared to two uses Rangelands and forests can be considered due to tillage operations and reduction of soil organic matter, which indicates unsustainable use in these lands.Average pH in agricultural use, Rangelands and forests show that these parameters do not change significantly in different uses and are the same.The existence of geological formations, especially lime and carbonates (karstic lime), and climatic conditions, physicochemical decomposition and material erosion, has increased and concentrated the amount of surface lime.The results show that forest use has the highest amount of organic carbon than both agricultural and rangeland use. The percentage of nitrogen in the surface layer in agricultural and rangeland use is lower than forest use, indicating that land use change from forest to agricultural reduces soil nitrogen.The average amount of potassium that can be absorbed by the surface layer of rangeland is higher than that of agriculture and forestry. But this difference was not statistically significantBased on the results of the Mean Comparison Test (ANOVA), it shows that land use change has led to changes in soil quality and some physical and organic carbon parameters of the soil. Results In general, the results of this study showed that conversion and change Land, especially from Rangelands and forests to agriculture and consequently Continuous cultivation on these lands leads to the destruction of some of the optimal physical and chemical properties of the soil.According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that land use change can reduce the appearent specific weieght in agricultural lands, increasing the amount of sand used. Rangelands, increasing the aggregate stability and organic carbon soils in forest lands, reducing the amount of organic matter in arable land, increasing potassium Rangelands, increased phosphorus in arable land, increased organic carbon in the forest, increased electrical conductivity in agricultural use.The results of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the change in rangeland and forest use had the greatest impact on soil characteristics and the stability of aggregate aggregate stability and organic carbon in forest use made the most difference .Therefore, land use change, especially from Forest andRangelands To Agriculture affects soil properties and leads to soil degradation and reduction of nutrients.
All other Geographic fields of studies , Interdisciplinary
Azadeh Sheikhipour; Alireza Ildoromi; hossein zenivand
Abstract
Introduction Due to the need for space, high cost, and a long time to perform experiments, the use of physical models is often not recommended. For this reason, many river engineering issues are examined with mathematical models (Azizi et al., 2019). Kalami et al. (2019) in detecting geometric-hydraulic ...
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Introduction Due to the need for space, high cost, and a long time to perform experiments, the use of physical models is often not recommended. For this reason, many river engineering issues are examined with mathematical models (Azizi et al., 2019). Kalami et al. (2019) in detecting geometric-hydraulic relationships of river cross-sections using an inverse solution of Venant equations showed that after identifying the relationships and comparing them, hydraulic-hydrological process methods have high efficiency and accuracy in simulating river floods. Ouda (2019) in modeling and multi-phase reviewing of sediment transport and bed erosion and changes in river morphodynamics using numerical modeling and analysis of sediment production and transfer mechanisms showed that the current numerical model performs well in most cases of Multiphase test shows sediment transport and erosion. Data and Method The study area is located in Khorramabad city of Lorestan province in western Iran From Cham-Anjir station, 12 km from Khorramabad, with an area of 1650 km2 up to Doab Vissian station with an area of 2450 km2, which in this study includes a part of the permanent river of Khorramabad with a length of approximately 40 km. After entering geometric and flow data into the model, boundary conditions including sediment measurement curve for upstream range and discharge-Ashle curve were performed for downstream range in HEC-RAS hydraulic model and sensitivity results were extracted. Then, using SPSS software, the regression relationship between the dependent variable of Discharge (Q) and independent variables (W), river water surface width (D), average and hydraulic depth of flow, (A) flow cross-section, and (V) velocity The average cross-section (flow) was calculated based on the values of significance level, coefficient of determination and standard error. Based on the results, various simple linear models, degree 2, degree 3, and exponential, and the relationships governing the geometric properties and factors related to the processes affecting the river were investigated. Among them, the relationship with the highest coefficient of determination and the lowest standard error was selected as the appropriate relationship. Results and Discussion Sensitivity analysis of the model shows that with increasing the number of cross-sections, the rate of change of hydraulic parameters along the river has been clearer. Also in Khorramabad River, the number of sections is 421 and the model estimation accuracy is 20.73% for the water level width parameter, 79.65% for the flow depth parameter, and 74.07% for the flow velocity parameter. In the exponential model, there is no problem with the variables collinearity and the variables do not interact with each other. In models grades 2 and 3, due to the problem of collinearity, these models do not have sufficient validity. In addition, models grades 2 and 3 did not have sufficient validity in terms of both significance level and standard error. Therefore, the exponential model is introduced as a suitable model due to its non-collinearity, P-value less than 1%, and standard error less than other models. In the obtained function, the discharge flow as a dependent variable is directly related to the width of the river. Also has a more direct connection with the flow cross-section. The Discharge also shows a more direct relationship with the flow cross-section. Because the flow cross-section parameter includes two parameters of flow width and depth (geometric variables of the river). In the obtained exponential function, the sediment capacity as a dependent variable has a direct relationship with the average flow velocity, shear stress, and flow rate as an independent variable. According to the relationship obtained between the independent variables of sediment capacity, it is more dependent on the flow rate. As the flow rate increases, the sediment capacity also increases and vice versa. Conclusion Studies show that Grade 2 and 3 models did not have sufficient validity due to the problem of being co-linearity and significant level and standard error.In the sediment simulation section, the coefficient of determination obtained in the exponential function for V, Q, SH is less than the values of 2 and 3 degrees regression functions and higher than simple linear regression functions and all variables are meaningful at the level of 1% (99% confidence interval). Also in this function, the variables have the lowest standard error and a significant level compared to the simple linear, grade 2, and grade 3 models. Therefore, they are considered suitable models for the river. The results of the study of exponential functions show that the sediment transport capacity is directly related to the flow rate, flow velocity, and shear stress, and also the flow rate is directly related to the flow cross-section, river width, and flow depth inversely. This means that with increasing flow, the cross-sectional area of the stream, which includes the width of the river and the depth of the stream, gradually decreases, and also with increasing flow and changes in river morphology, flow velocity and shear stress increase, which results in increased sediment transport capacity and vice versa.
Urban Planning
Rasoul Ghorbani; mahdieh tahooni
Abstract
Introduction
Considering that the population growth rate of the surrounding cities of Tabriz metropolis in 2006-2010 Sardroud, Ilkhichi, Osku, and Basmanj cities is 2, 1.8, 0.87 and 0.83, respectively, that the growth rate of Sardroud city is more than other all surrounding cities of the metropolis ...
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Introduction
Considering that the population growth rate of the surrounding cities of Tabriz metropolis in 2006-2010 Sardroud, Ilkhichi, Osku, and Basmanj cities is 2, 1.8, 0.87 and 0.83, respectively, that the growth rate of Sardroud city is more than other all surrounding cities of the metropolis of Tabriz. The study of statistics related to Sardroud city shows the changes in population growth and stages of growth and development of the city so that the population has increased 2.6 times and the area of the city has increased 2.7 times during the 35 years (1976-2011).
The increase of industries of Sardroud has played a significant role in the spatial-physical changes of Sardroud. By comparing the position of different economic sectors in Sardroud with East Azerbaijan province, the total growth rate of the reference economy in 1996-2006 has been equal to 1.6. Also, the province's economic structure during the mentioned period has always been negative and has had a downward trend. The variation rate of the economic structure in the province has been 3.126% in 1996-2006, in comparison with Sardroud city with a high variation coefficient of 7.164%.
Population growth and increase in industries in Sardroud city have led to the unplanned constructions and many changes in the spatial-physical structure of the city, the destruction of agricultural lands (so that the area of agricultural lands and gardens in 1999 has been 6382180 square meters (65.2%) and, 3252635 square meters (26.35%) in 2011), and the emergence of various spatial-physical, environmental, social and economic problems, including land-use change, air pollution, water, soil, negative effects on green space, etc. Therefore, the current study can contribute to the logical understanding of these factors and recognizing the urban issues and problems, proper and rational dealing with these issues, and the thoughtful and tactical design for the future development of the city by recognizing and assessing the physical-spatial growth of the city in two periods of 1998 and 2012 and its changes over time.
Data and Methods
The research method is adjusted based on the nature, subject, and objectives of each research. Therefore, the current study is comparative-analytical research and is applied- developmental in terms of nature. The information related to the area, etc. were collected from the master plan (provided by the Rajan Ab Zagros consultant engineers) and other researchers and is classified based on the research requirements. Relative quantitative entropy model, Gini coefficient. Moran, Gary, and adjusted Gary coefficients were used to analyze the data.
Results and Discussion
Based on investigating the density ratio of Sardroud neighborhoods in 2011, the entropy value of Sardroud was 0.91 in 2011. The entropy value in 1999 has been 0.85 for Sardroud neighborhoods. Although it has had more concentration compared with 2011, the entropy value has been towards zero. However, its value is high and indicates the sprawl in the neighborhoods of Sardroud city.
The obtained Gini coefficient for 1999 and 2011 is 0.35 and 0.36, respectively, indicating the unequal distribution in two decades. However, the Gini coefficient value for 2011 shows the unequal dispersion of the population comparing to 1999. Moran coefficient was calculated for 1999 and 2011. The obtained value for 1999 is 0.03, indicating the unipolar random accumulation pattern of Sardroud similar to most of the cities in Iran. Also, the obtained value for 2011 was 0.01, indicating the movement of Sardroud towards being multipolar in the future. Gary coefficient was also calculated for 1999 and 2011. The obtained values for 1999 and 2011 are 0.05 and 1.99, respectively. It indicates that in 2011, the city was closer to the sprawl dispersion pattern and shows that accumulation and density in Sardroud were more in 1999, comparing to 2011, and the urban sprawl increases in 2011.
The calculations show that Sardroud city has been towards sprawl development, and this dispersion leads to the destruction of the agricultural lands and gardens.
Conclusion
According to the research findings, this type of urban structure has had many negative consequences in different environmental, social, and economic sectors, including destruction of the agricultural lands around the city and so on.
- Taking efficient urban management policies to consider density, public transportation and land use that affect the urban form of Sardroud city.
- Since the city is inevitable to grow and expand and population growth is always present in cities, it is necessary to use specific strategies and tools to manage the growth of cities and effectively control the sprawl expansion of cities, to avoid further waste and destruction of suitable suburban agricultural land around the cities and reduce the negative consequences of this type of urban development.
Urban Planning
Hasan Mahmoudzadeh
Abstract
An essential step to urban planning, management and evaluation of its effects is to simulate physical development of the city.
The aim of this study is to understand parameters of physical development at Sardroud city with regard to sustainable spatial development of urban issues from ecological and ...
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An essential step to urban planning, management and evaluation of its effects is to simulate physical development of the city.
The aim of this study is to understand parameters of physical development at Sardroud city with regard to sustainable spatial development of urban issues from ecological and environmental viewpoint in the next two decades. Using Landsat 5 multi temporal satellite images and object oriented techniques, application changes of the lands in 1984-2011 period has been evaluated with emphasis on Sprawl expansion of Sardroud city. Based on the results, urban area of Sardroud which was 111.24 hectares in 1984, has reached to 528.12 ha in 2011.162.94 hectares of mentioned lands has developed on the Garden and agricultural land, which demands management of future development based on the principles of sustainable development.
Therefore, effective factors of physical development in Sardroud city is classified within 14 layers, and by using Artificial Neural Network method based on LTM Model, the possibility of urban development map was prepared. After predicting the future pattern of urban development in Sardroud city, the protection of gardens and green spaces strategy in the urban development process was operated using hexagonal layout of possibility of urban development map, giving the necessary space for the development, Extraction of natural green belt with the length of 15 km applying the ban of urban development in the around of proposed green belt, maintaining the ecological reserves of Sardroud city by reducing agricultural and garden lands, and prevent connection to the metropolitan of Tabriz is emphasized.
Rural Planning
Tahere Sadeglou; Sorayya Azizi
Abstract
Nowadays, awareness of rural facilities and cul de sacs and analyzing them in rural development planning process is so important and had been counted as necessities of designing the development plans and projects. In this order, varied projects had been applied in form of rural development plans that ...
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Nowadays, awareness of rural facilities and cul de sacs and analyzing them in rural development planning process is so important and had been counted as necessities of designing the development plans and projects. In this order, varied projects had been applied in form of rural development plans that a rural housing renovation and improvement project is one of recent and also important type of them. This plan began from 1989 by agricultural Jihad ministry and for achieving to such purposes like: providing the suitable, safe and strong house for rural community. But it’s obvious that the effect of these kinds of projects don’t limited to scarce purpose of rural environment development and its impacts on rural environmental quality will be appearance in a long time. This study tried to assessing the effect of rural housing renovation and improvement projects on the rural environmental quality in Houmeh Dehestan from Shirvan township rural districts that contain 22 rural points. In this study had been used of analyzing – descriptive methodology in type of field study research. Sample size of study also had been chosen from rural housing loan recipients that through of Cochran formula are 203 families and selected by random. After questionnaire designing and confirming the validity and reliability using Cronbach's alpha (80%), data were analyzed in SPSS and that result show these project had a considerable effects on all indexes of rural environmental quality and economic dimension with total effect about 0.659 has the greatest impact and social dimension with total effect about 0.450 has less impact on the environmental quality of case study rural area.
Climatology
Gholam abbas Fallah Ghalhari; Mehdi Asadi; Alireza Entezari
Volume 19, Issue 54 , February 2016, , Pages 235-251
Abstract
Climate classification and identifying the most effective factors and elements of each area is one way of understanding identity of the climate zones. Therefore, to identify Guilan climate mapping new methods such as factor analysis and hierarchical cluster were performed. For this, we used 20 climate ...
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Climate classification and identifying the most effective factors and elements of each area is one way of understanding identity of the climate zones. Therefore, to identify Guilan climate mapping new methods such as factor analysis and hierarchical cluster were performed. For this, we used 20 climate variables of the 16weather stations in the study area. Then, using interpolation method, a matrix with dimensions of 20×106 data was obtained. Climate mapping of the province with factor analysis showed that the climate of the province is made up of two factors. These two factors are: humid-rain–wind and temperature–cloudy factors. Results also indicated that these two factors explain 99.44 percent of the variance of the primary variables. The contribution of each factor was 64.49, 34.95 percent respectively. Finally, cluster analysis on two climatic factors identified three climatic regions in the provinces. These three regions are: moderate and humid, mountainous, semi humid and cold.
All other Geographic fields of studies , Interdisciplinary
Afshin Mottaghi
Abstract
Elections are the process that citizens can criticize and monitor the politicians and governors. In fact, the elections are the most appropriate democratic way in which the citizens can be interfered in the choosing of government operators. At the same significance, political geography is going to study ...
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Elections are the process that citizens can criticize and monitor the politicians and governors. In fact, the elections are the most appropriate democratic way in which the citizens can be interfered in the choosing of government operators. At the same significance, political geography is going to study and analyze the relation between election and geographical environment in order to conduct the geography of elections into the description of the general patterns of politics and recognition of the process of the government establishment. In this paper, we have studied the effective factors in the victory of, the Candidate of Kazeroun City in the 9th Period of the Iran’s Islamic Parliament Elections. The methodology of the paper is descriptive- analytic. The results of the research show that among the various theories about the sources of poll, composition of Inglehart, Pippa Norris and Chicago give a holistic opinion to studying of the elections. Therefore, in the case of Kazeroun City, it seems that three factors of political experience in the past, economic-social basin and the scheme of political system in the frame of biological foundations played the most roles in the poll of Kazeroun City’s candidate in the 9th period of the Iran’s Islamic Parliament Elections.
Urban Planning
Rahmat Mohammadzadeh; Hossein Fallahnejad
Abstract
Despite the tremendous developments in transportation and traffic systems, walking is still considered to be the main and the most common and important pattern of movement among communities; as far as concerned, nowadays many different patterns and models like Traffic Isolation, pedestrian movement and ...
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Despite the tremendous developments in transportation and traffic systems, walking is still considered to be the main and the most common and important pattern of movement among communities; as far as concerned, nowadays many different patterns and models like Traffic Isolation, pedestrian movement and downtown enclosed shopping center, pedestrian-oriented streets, pedestrian shopping center, shopping streets, Woonref, Pedestrian malls and traffic architectural, traffic slowing policies, green pedestrian and flyovers have been presented for its development. Since Scientific and practical explanation of models and pattern also their advantages and disadvantages can contribute to the urban pedestrian expansion; this article is an attempt to study the pedestrian network development patterns and feasibility of their expansion in the central district of Tabriz city. This review becomes even more important because besides the allocation of the central district of Tabriz to a considerable population and placement of important spaces like Bazaar and historical building like “the Alishah” citadel, “The Blue Mosque”, “The Mashrute house”, “Jame mosque” and residential complexes, it faces adverse environmental pollutants, car accidents and traffic jams. This part of the city could be considered as the heart of the city in every social, economic, cultural and skeletal aspect. In terms of climate, Tabriz city is categorized in Cold Mediterranean group with very cold winters and hot summers. Absolute maximum and minimum temperatures in the coldest month of year are 15 and -19 degrees Celsius. This research has a descriptive- analytic framework. The theoretical part, includes the documents and authoritative resources in addition to some scientific reports. Given the fact that this research is studying the old part of the city of Tabriz, by the means of criteria fulfillment, every patterns and models were examined. Sample of the study is consisted of 20 urban and traffic experts. In this study after presenting enough explanation of the survey’s purpose and determining how a weak pedestrian pattern is scored 1 and a strong one is labeled 4, questionnaires have been hand out and later collected then descriptive analysis was performed at the end. Moreover, user’s direct interacts and photography are other means of conducting this research. It is to be considered that among all the pedestrian movement patterns; streets with pedestrian priority, pedestrian-oriented streets, traffic slowing policies and the expansion of pedestrians itself have shown the most compatibility to the mentioned context. Therefore it is recommended to use the Pedestrian-oriented street design principles in the urban planning on the scale of city’s centrals. Which will result in the possibility of development of historical spaces, Revitalization of destructed spaces, Improvements in the environmental quality of urban spaces and finally a healthier city.
Climatology
Yousef Ghavidel Rahimi; Manochehr Farajzadeh Asl; Daryoush Hatami Zarneh
Volume 20, Issue 56 , August 2016, , Pages 239-255
Abstract
The NCP as one of the effective teleconnection patterns in level of 500 hpa have an important role in thermal and hydro-climatic variability in East Mediterranean region. In this study to investigate the correlation between the NCP and maximum temperature fluctuations Iran for a 60 years period (1950-2010) ...
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The NCP as one of the effective teleconnection patterns in level of 500 hpa have an important role in thermal and hydro-climatic variability in East Mediterranean region. In this study to investigate the correlation between the NCP and maximum temperature fluctuations Iran for a 60 years period (1950-2010) have been studied. Pearson correlation analysis as the main method used in this study show an inverse relationship between maximum temperatures and selected stations and NCP index. This shows decrease of temperature in positive phase of the NCP and rise of temperature in negative phase. In terms of time correlation coefficients were calculated and showed a significant negative correlation between the temperature of stations and the NCP in months of January, February, March and almost direct relation most stations in August. At monthly interval in the monthly correlation between stations with 0.342 were computed in January. Seasonal correlation of shows a significant correlation of maximum temperatures in winter to be -0.212. In terms of period, the results indicate a strong correlation between cold period in most stations and mentioned index. Atmospheric circulation in 500 hpa at positive and negative phases showed in positive phase, settlement of deep trough on the Caspian Sea, Iraq, Turkey and Iran, and also the location of Iran in the eastern part of the trough axis on the other hand, indicates establishment of a ridge on the North Sea and Europe which leads to transfer of cold temperatures of northern Europe and its adjacence of polar section to Iran. But on the negative phase placement of Iran beneath the ridge axis leads to the creation of a barotropic atmosphere with weak zonal wind and warm temperatures to Iran. So with blowing warm air from Africa, Arabia and low latitude Iran's temperature rises.
Yousef Gavidelrahimi; Manochehr Farajzadehasl; Mehdi Alijahan
Abstract
Today, global warming effects on various aspects of the Earth are no secret to anyone. Because of this, the research ahead is done for the detection of global warming on minimum temperatures, monthly and periodic (hot and cold) as well. For this study, two groups of data, temperature data of 17 synoptic ...
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Today, global warming effects on various aspects of the Earth are no secret to anyone. Because of this, the research ahead is done for the detection of global warming on minimum temperatures, monthly and periodic (hot and cold) as well. For this study, two groups of data, temperature data of 17 synoptic stations and corresponding amounts of data in global temperature anomalies were figured out over 60 years period of time (1951 to 2010). Goals, the Pearson correlation method for detecting relationships between data, linear and polynomial regression for trend analysis time series data , To illustrate the correlation between the spatial distribution of temperature data with global warming stations nationwide Geostatistical model Finally, non-parametric test for detecting significant temperature change Man - Kendall were used. Based on the results, apart from Khorramabad and urmia stations that have negative relation with global warming and Hamadan and Kerman stations that do not show any significant relationship with global warming, global warming is seen as a positive influence on the other stations. Caspian Bank stations than any other stations in the cold months of global warming have much more influence. Checking the changes of minimum temperature trend showed a significant change in several months. In the warm months the maximum temperature variability is seen in the southern stations of Ahwaz, Abadan, Bushehr and Shiraz. Results obtained from the survey period (hot and cold) minimum temperature, indicate a greater influence global temperature anomaly on the minimum temperatures are warm period of year. During the warm period, southern stations have had the highest influence on the station and during the cold period Caspian Bank stations have had the highest relationship with it. The changes were made based on both periods the obtained results are clarity significant.
Urban Planning
Abolfazl Ganbari
Volume 22, Issue 65 , November 2018, , Pages 243-265
Abstract
"Today, one of the most important destinations that are considered in tourism is the towns and villages which are a form of development of tourism in the various dimensions of nature tourism, cultural tourism and special tourism in these areas, and these destinations, unlike ...
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"Today, one of the most important destinations that are considered in tourism is the towns and villages which are a form of development of tourism in the various dimensions of nature tourism, cultural tourism and special tourism in these areas, and these destinations, unlike other natural tourism destinations Of the human population and this fact doubles the importance of the capacity of the tourism board (Hall et al., 1998: 327).”Therefore, it should be noted that in these areas, if tourism does not move in line with sustainable development goals and programs, a form of tourism development will occur in these areas, which will lead to destruction of the natural and human environments of these cities and decrease the capacity of the ward these points (Garrigo et al., 2004: 21). Nowadays, due to the complexity of the nature of cities and the vast economic, social and political networks that govern it, urban tourism faces major challenges (Haiydari Chianeh, 2008). Hence, the carrying capacity of the board for the whole environment, whether natural or abnormal, is to a certain degree of loading or level of use. Passing through this level and threshold will lead to destruction and damage in different scales and will reduce the level of satisfaction of the visitors (Makhdoum, 1998; Makhdoum, 1373, Hovinen, 1982; Chamberlain, 1997; Clark, 1997; Buckley, 1999). The nature of the region and the quality of the environment play a very important role in promoting the tourism product, and most tourism destinations have realized that competition in sustainable tourism is unimportant (Garrigo, 2004). Butler In 1993 defined sustainable tourism as a type of tourism that could continue in an environment indefinitely which can continue in an environment of unlimited duration and do not harm the environment in a humane and natural way and to the extent that it does not harm the development of other activities and social processes. The determine the carrying capacity for all recreational resources (both human and natural) not only upholding their potential, especially in natural areas, but also an important factor in providing a recreational experience for visitors is acceptable. "The determination of the capacity of the battle requires the analysis of each area and activity intended to identify and determine the levels of use that are available to the host society and recreational areas and visitors to a relatively good and enforceable level. Generally, the capacity of the board is determined by a variety of recreational activities, ecological characteristics and socio-economic impacts (Nohorli and Rezaei, 2002: 103). The estimated carrying capacity dynamic process and using feedback to deliver integrated strain in the ecosystem works (Worboys et al., 2005). With an overview of the study area, the Kalibar seen, given the growing trend towards receive tourists, acceptance and tourists, regardless of the carrying capacity of the area and the minimum measures to control tourists to the area thought not. If the necessary measures are not taken into account, considering the different socioeconomic and ecological conditions of the area and the determination of the resources available for optimal utilization, one should expect the destruction of this area as soon as possible.
Urban Planning
Abolfazl Ghanbari; Mohammad Abbaszadeh; Samira Hashemiamin
Abstract
The growth of urban tourism in different parts of the world and Iran has satisfied part of leisure activity and need of citizens. Therefore, it is an important part of urban management planning. Understanding tourist behavior can help planning and performance, increasing procedure of urban tourism. One ...
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The growth of urban tourism in different parts of the world and Iran has satisfied part of leisure activity and need of citizens. Therefore, it is an important part of urban management planning. Understanding tourist behavior can help planning and performance, increasing procedure of urban tourism. One of the important factors affecting of tourist behavior is tourist satisfaction that is rooted in the destination image, tourist attitude and tourist motivation. In this research using structural equation modeling relationships between variables in zones 2 and 8 of Tabriz during summer of 2015 is reviewed and paths are tested. AMOS and SPSS software is used in this research. This research is applied and analyzing and questionnaires are used for data collection. Cochran method is used for sample size determination and Chronbach’s alpha has tested the validity and reliability testing of the questionnaire. Results showed that destination image, tourist attitude and motivation have a significant effect on their satisfaction and tourist satisfaction significantly influences on their future behavior. The path coefficient of tourist attitude on tourist satisfaction is 0.599 and is more than twice of the destination image and tourist motivation effect on satisfaction. Effect of the destination image is 0.314 and more than an effect of tourist motivation on tourist satisfaction. Tourist satisfaction has considerable effect on their future behavior with a path coefficientof 1.222.
Climatology
hassan lashkari; Aliakbar Matkan; Majid Azadi; Zainab Mohamadi
Volume 22, Issue 64 , September 2018, , Pages 247-266
Abstract
As a result of Iran’s geographical position towards atmospheric general circulation, most of its area has an arid or semi-arid climate. In this research, the author has calculated precipitation start using the daily precipitation information obtained from 30 stations located in 8 southern and south-western ...
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As a result of Iran’s geographical position towards atmospheric general circulation, most of its area has an arid or semi-arid climate. In this research, the author has calculated precipitation start using the daily precipitation information obtained from 30 stations located in 8 southern and south-western provinces of Iran during a 36 year statistical period and of course, based on selected criteria. In ten years, precipitations have started sooner than normally expected. Entire up to 700 HPa levels and sea level pressure maps belonging to 1st of September till the day of precipitation start have been illustrated with Grads software using atmospheric data obtained from Ncep/ncar site. Results of several objective observations of maps manifest that early precipitations in south and south-west sides of Iran are generally occurred in three main patterns. Pattern A) as African sub-tropical high pressure passes above central Mediterranean in a northward move and its eastern trough integrates with migratory anticyclone (deployed on the north side of Caspian Sea), it provides the necessary context for cold advection to move towards north of African high pressure. Afterwards, the migratory anticyclone trough integrates with anticyclone ridge of Arabian high pressure and therefore a very suitable situation is provided for advection of moisture to move inside the Sudan low system. In pattern B) almost thirty days before start of precipitations, the Azour anticyclone adopts a northward movement.
Urban Planning
Rasoul Ghorbani; Hamid Hodjati
Abstract
IntroductionIn Iran, a comprehensive urban plan has been prepared and implemented for almost 5 decades. The most prominent plan that has completely dominated the country's urban planning system from the early 1960s to the late 1990s and until now (2019) relatively absolutely. Gradually, with the revelation ...
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IntroductionIn Iran, a comprehensive urban plan has been prepared and implemented for almost 5 decades. The most prominent plan that has completely dominated the country's urban planning system from the early 1960s to the late 1990s and until now (2019) relatively absolutely. Gradually, with the revelation of many weaknesses of this plan, which in combination with the structural weaknesses of the country's urban planning system became more obvious and prominent, the grounds for changes in the system of urban development plans emerged and based on a review of urban development plan services, and its concepts were revised. The inability of traditional management and thus traditional urban development plans to meet the needs of cities had revealed that urban management needed new patterns. Specifically, with the proposal of preparing structural-Strategic urban plans instead of comprehensive urban plans and preparing detailed basic, local and thematic plans instead of traditional detailed plans in the middle of the 1990s, a serious step was taken to change the old trend and prepare and implement so-called new plans. Specifically, after the evaluation of the Ministry of Urban Development of comprehensive urban plans in 1999, it was suggested that Structural-Strategic plans be prepared as a pattern for some metropolises, and based on this proposal, two research plans were defined to investigate the issue: one called process revision, and the content of urban plans and others called global experiences in structural and strategic planning.Data and MethodThe present article is a kind of basic-applied and developmental research and has considered descriptive and comparative-analytical methods to achieve its goals. Specifically, the research in the form of an analytical and descriptive approach, first begins with the study of urban development plans in Iran and the world, and with a detailed documentary study, the foundations of the idea are formed. Then, by analytical study of the plan (content analysis) and in a comparative study with urban development plans of developed countries, indicators and data as well as the main principles and objectives of the extracted plan are compared.Results and DiscussionStructural-Strategic plans of Iran, as its title shows, have a two-part structure (structural and strategic), but according to the authors, they have three parts: strategic part, structural part and comprehensive part. Identifying some of the essential weaknesses of this hybrid plan, roughly indicates that the plan is not able to fully and optimally achieve its goals. In addition, the managerial dilemma has dominated the plan from the beginning. The Supreme Council of Urban Planning and Architecture has not reached a complete conclusion and has not fully accepted the Structural-Strategic plan or the name given among the experts, that is, the Comprehensive Strategic Structural plan. Some parts are not approved and some are not approved, and in this situation, consulting engineers and municipalities are naturally confused, and to avoid this situation, the general tendency of the urban planning system to devise and prepare the previous pattern, i.e. Comprehensive, is diverted. Examination of some internal samples clearly showed that this combination has led to a kind of substantial rupture and avoidance of feasibility. It can be said with negligence that only the structural part has been prepared in a way that has more excitability. The existing studies section has many similarities with this section in the comprehensive pattern and unfortunately has the same problems. The strategic part of the plan is not well developed and in accordance with the principles of Western strategic plans (the purpose is not to hide localization, but the issue of not paying attention to the basic principles), and it is enough to plan general slogans at all levels. The structural part also plays a significant role in marginalizing it with a complete break from the strategic part. Of course, the original planners of this hybrid plan do not claim that this hybrid plan. But it is not clear on what argument this should be accepted!ConclusionThe Structural-Strategic plan emerged from the mid-1990s in response to the many weaknesses of the Comprehensive plan in the Iran's urban planning system. However, the studies of the present article reveal the construction of an incomplete combination of different plans with a clear and hidden focus on the Comprehensive plan and is not able to lead cities to the necessary utility. However, even in this situation, tips and suggestions can be made to correct things. Although it will not be the final solution. Suggestions such as simultaneous preparation of theoretical and operational parts of the structural-strategic plan to avoid inconsistencies and problems due to the time interval between the preparation of the two plans -the gap between the preparation of the structural-strategic and detailed (local) plan-. To achieve this goal, general and detailed studies of the plan can be done in parallel; A general overview of the so-called structural-strategic plan, by measures such as increasing the relationship between the strategic and structural sectors in the Structural-Strategic plan and if Inability to do so, removing the strategic part from the structural part or vice versa and focusing on only one part; Return of this Plan to the basic principles of the structural plan (the structural part of the plan in Iran is not faithful to the original pattern); More detailed presentation of thematic and local plans with further investigation, Establish laws to delegate more authority to local authorities to prepare and approve urban development plans, and beyond these proposals, propose a plan to replace the structural-strategic plan until the country is ready to prepare and implement the optimal strategic pattern, can well fill the gap between the current situation and the desired situation. Based on this, a proposed plan with the title of comprehensive strategic plan or comprehensive-strategic plan was compiled by Hamid Hodjati (one of the authors of this article), which is specifically based on his studies on various urban development plans in Iran, studies on global examples of strategic pattern and his opinions and views from this studies.
Geotourism
Esmaeil Nasiri hendkhaleh; Robab Hoseinzadeh; Esmaeel Safar alizadeh
Abstract
Abstract Today, tourism development as a profitable activity, in the countries planning, is in priority. But tourism development is needed to infrastructure development. usually in third world countries, focusing tourism infrastructure in major cities and provincial capitals, lads to tourism development ...
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Abstract Today, tourism development as a profitable activity, in the countries planning, is in priority. But tourism development is needed to infrastructure development. usually in third world countries, focusing tourism infrastructure in major cities and provincial capitals, lads to tourism development in big cities, and towns, even villages with high potential which have little interest from its advantages. So identifying development level of cities, in terms of tourism infrastructure can be efficient method to planning for less developed regions. This research method is descriptive-analytical, trying to analyze tourism infrastructure in the cities of west azerbaijan province. To this purpose, 14 variables were selected in the field of tourism infrastructure using factor analysis techniques have been analyzed with SPSS software. Variables declined two influenced factors and finally cities were ranked by resulting scores of combined index, then development levels for each city was identified. The results indicate that, Urmia city in terms of having the infrastructure is in priority, Khoy city is second, and cities of showt and poldasht have been ranked in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth. This Fact indicated that, there is heterogeneity in this province. So that, Urmia city is as quite developed and the city of Khoy and Sardasht, developed and cities of Chaldoran, maku, Mahabad, Salamas, Miandoab, Nagadeh and Bukan are developing, while other cities are underdeveloped. Between the rank of each city in terms of its infrastructure and tourist attractions, there is a positive relationship
Volume 17, Issue 44 , September 2013, , Pages 257-268
