Urban Planning
Akbar Asghari Zamani; Firouz Jafari; Kosar Sakhaeian
Abstract
Skyline can be an effective component in explaining the spatial and qualitative features of the urban landscape. Ignoring this important category, as well as not observing the proportion between the height of the wall and the width of the street, leads to the creation of an abnormal appearance and in ...
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Skyline can be an effective component in explaining the spatial and qualitative features of the urban landscape. Ignoring this important category, as well as not observing the proportion between the height of the wall and the width of the street, leads to the creation of an abnormal appearance and in some cases, excessive confinement in city streets. It is obvious that the streets do not only have a physical dimension, but also represent life and dynamics in communities and cities. Therefore, skyline can be an effective component in improving the quality of the urban landscape.In this research, the library studies methods and field surveying have been used. ArcScene was used for height simulation and evaluation of the appropriate as well as the required analysis (skyline, skyline graph, etc.). The selected areas in the city were from the new fabric (less than 20 years old), middle fabric (about 50 years old) and old fabric (more than 50 years old). The results obtained from the skyline graph analysis show that the skyline pattern of South Shariati Street (old fabric) with an average of 74.06% has better view of the horizon than Imam Khomeini street with an average of 63.5% and Takhti street with an average of 55.66%. Also, this research explains the reason for the relatively irregular skyline caused by high density sale in Tabriz metropolis, the method of densification and height zoning of that area. The results of 3D analysis show the existence of a direct relationship between the heights of building. In this way, the more proportional the height of the buildings, the more open the space will be, and the wider the passage, the wider the radius of the skyline graph will be.
Urban Planning
vahid Hosseinhaghi; Shahrivar Roostaei; akbar asgharizamani
Abstract
Unfortunately, many of the warnings that were given regarding vandalism were ignored and now more than ever they need attention. Therefore, based on this, the aim of the research was to examine the relationship between the design of the urban environment, environmental and psychological quality of an ...
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Unfortunately, many of the warnings that were given regarding vandalism were ignored and now more than ever they need attention. Therefore, based on this, the aim of the research was to examine the relationship between the design of the urban environment, environmental and psychological quality of an individual with the occurrence of vandalistic behaviors. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between individual psychology, environmental quality and urban environment design with vandalistic behaviors (p < 0.05). These variables were able to explain 55% of the changes in vandalistic behaviors.
Unfortunately, many of the warnings that were given regarding vandalism were ignored and now more than ever they need attention. Therefore, based on this, the aim of the research was to examine the relationship between the design of the urban environment, environmental and psychological quality of an individual with the occurrence of vandalistic behaviors. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between individual psychology, environmental quality and urban environment design with vandalistic behaviors (p < 0.05). These variables were able to explain 55% of the changes in vandalistic behaviors
GIS&RS
Akbar Asghari Zamani; Khalil Valizadeh Kamran; Robab Rahmani
Abstract
IntroductionVarious physical, semantic and functional factors in the role of the city as a bed to meet the needs and a container for the activities and behaviors of residents are effective, among which the structure and visual values of the environment play an important role in improving the quality ...
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IntroductionVarious physical, semantic and functional factors in the role of the city as a bed to meet the needs and a container for the activities and behaviors of residents are effective, among which the structure and visual values of the environment play an important role in improving the quality of urban space (Hosseini and Et al., 1390: 84). Among these, one of the urban elements that can play an important role in promoting the quality and visual values of the environment and the appearance of the city is the sky line. The skyline is one of the most influential factors in arranging urban spaces and planning appropriate urban environments, etc. A factor that is rarely seen in metropolitan areas today. It seems that in order to have a diverse and at the same time harmonious urban skyline, in the first place, it is necessary to reconnect the fields of philosophy, art and daily life, which are free from the abstract and abstract view of experts. The development of interdisciplinary professions such as GIS, architecture and urban design is one of the measures in this direction that can have a different and more accurate view of the urban skyline. Therefore, the need for advanced geographical models for spatial three-dimensionalization and decision-making and forecasting goals in urban planning and design, especially in the case of vertical evaluation and development, is very clear and necessary. The advantages of using three-dimensional GIS models can be high potential in urban evaluation and analysis in various dimensions of urban aesthetics and high technology in the field of spatial analysis, the ability to test urban proposals and the power of semantic and topological storage. Mentioned above. Therefore, the use of these softwares to analyze urban issues is very important and increases the accuracy of urban planners and managers. For this purpose, the present study seeks to investigate the status of the urban skyline in the study areas and based on this, the importance of the perceptual and managerial dimension of the issue is analyzed using new methods and techniques.Data and Method The analytical approach of the research is physical and the method used in this research is three-dimensional vision analysis. Also, Arc GIS software has been used for easy preparation of the environment in 3D to perform the required analyzes. The data set used includes: digital model data of elevation, surface and floor layers of urban blocks.Results and Discussion In the present study, the concept of skyline was analyzed using three-dimensional GIS analysis in areas of urban areas 1 and 5 located in the east and northeast of Tabriz. Areas of interest include Valiasr town and Rushdieh town. So far, many different methods have been proposed to display and analyze the skyline. Some of these methods were reviewed in the research background and their strengths and weaknesses were identified. But the purpose of this article was to investigate the capabilities of 3D analysis and modeling through the development of 3D GIS in skyline display and analysis. Evaluating the results obtained in this research and comparing it with the results of studies in this field shows that three-dimensional analysis of GIS and 3D GIS development in comparison with other methods, provided there is accurate and comprehensive information, has high efficiency and capability. The research hypothesis is confirmed.ConclusionThe skyline is important both in terms of urban architecture and in terms of urban planners and designers; Although these specialties are different in terms of information extraction methods, methods and analytical contexts, but they are quite similar in terms of results. In general, it can be said that the skyline is one of the analyzes that are analyzed and evaluated in different software environments such as Arc GIS and in different fields.But the results of this study proved in another way that the three-dimensional GIS environment provides an opportunity to easily view and analyze the level of impact, effectiveness, volume, dimensions and angles of the skyline; This software also has high analytical power. While the analysis of the sky line in a two-dimensional environment gives a graphical and dimensionless result, percentage and frequency. But the most important difference and the ability to use 3D GIS analysis is that it provides a platform where even people with little knowledge of urban views can easily see the results and make decisions based on it. Also, the capabilities and capabilities of GIS in the field of various valuations and combined analyzes of vector and raster functions, as well as the presentation of three-dimensional analysis, have led its applications to urban design.
Urban Planning
Akbar Asghari Zamani; Shahrivar Rostaei; Hojjat Mohamadi Torkamani
Abstract
IntroductionPlanning as a regulatory process between public and private goals, as a result of the actions of individuals and groups deviates from its regulatory path and acts in a specific direction. This competition, influenced by power, has its own manifestation in the urban environment.The urban revolution ...
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IntroductionPlanning as a regulatory process between public and private goals, as a result of the actions of individuals and groups deviates from its regulatory path and acts in a specific direction. This competition, influenced by power, has its own manifestation in the urban environment.The urban revolution and the consideration of the city as a spatial object, according to Lefebvre, put this socio-economic entity on a path that was increasingly attacked by capitalism, and the reproduction of artificial spaces for the accumulation of capital intensified.This reproduction is done in a set of rules and regulations and management policies that should, in fact, allocate space for public use, While the objective function of this city management organization has collapsed in favor of capital. This point has its own conditions in cities with rentier system. This is because in rentier systems, decentralization policies and, consequently, the strengthening of local institutions and urban management, in the absence of democratic conditions, have created a suitable environment for creating various types of rents and sometimes corruption.When urban space is considered as a commodity for possession, in this process urban management has its own impact. Sometimes as a law enforcement officer and sometimes as a competitor with private capital over urban space. All of this can be described as rent-seeking, in which individuals and groups try to divert resources to their advantage. All of these influences and everything that happens in the urban space are based on factors and contexts that seem to be rooted in the rentier political economy that governs the city system. Therefore, the present study tries to identify and explain the effective factors and contexts.Materials and methodsThe present study can be considered as applied in terms of purpose, although it has also been developed and theoretically explained. Also, the approach is descriptive-analytical, which based on the data obtained from documentary studies, as well as conducting interviews and using a questionnaire, has analyzed the context of rent in Tabriz Municipality.For conducting interviews, open-ended questions have been designed and presented to a number of managers and experts in the field of urban management in the metropolis of Tabriz.The results, after theoretical saturation and combination with the results of documentary studies, are extracted in the form of propositions and form the basis of a questionnaire that is left to the judgment of elites and experts to determine the importance and degree of effectiveness of each criterion in the occurrence of rent and rent-seeking phenomenon. For this purpose, the Mick Mac questionnaire was used. This method is based on the analysis of interaction / structural effects.Results and discussionThe requirement for analyzing variables using Mick Mac software is to determine their interactions in the form of an effect matrix that acts as software input. To do this, a 39 * 39 matrix was set and the relationships between the variables in terms of effectiveness were determined based on the opinions of selected experts in a purposeful sampling way. The number of repetitions considered in the software is twice and the degree of filling is 68.63%. This indicates that they have affected each other in more than 68% of cases. Out of 1269 relationships that can be evaluated in the matrix, 580 cases were unrelated (number zero), 379 cases were weak relationship (number one), 585 cases were moderate relationship (number two) and 305 cases were strong relationship (number three). The pattern of distribution of research variables indicates that the system is unstable.The distribution model shows that macroeconomic factors of political economy generally have high impact and low impressible, and in contrast, the factors that are most impressible are the result of decisions and macro-political and economic environment.Such a situation indicates the power of external and extra-organizational factors to determine the status of the system. impressible factors or results are also factors that are affected by the macro-political environment and political economy and operate mostly at the organizational and local level, in other words, they are the output of the performance of macro-decisions and events.In the structural / interaction analysis matrix, the sum of the row numbers for each variable indicates the effect of the variable and the sum of the columns of each variable indicates its Impressive. According to the matrix results, the variables related to the "political economy factor" have the most impact on the system (the occurrence of the rent phenomenon) and the variables related to the "psychological factor" have the least impact.Also in terms of impressiveness, the variables related to "organizational factor" have the most impressiveness and the variables related to "legal factor" have the least. Based on the results of direct and indirect effects, the variable of power centers has the highest score. Also, all the identified key variables from rank one to 16 are repeated in direct and indirect impact, and the differences are only in their rank.ConclusionThe present study seeks to identify and explain the factors affecting the formation of the phenomenon of rent and rent-seeking in the urban management organization. For this purpose, while conducting interviews with experts and managers related to urban management, first, 39 variables under 7 factors of political, political, economic, legal, organizational, socio-cultural and psychological economics were extracted.In the next step, using a questionnaire, the effectiveness of these variables was determined using the interaction / structural impact analysis method. In the next step, Mick Mac software was used to identify how the variables affect each other and identify key factors. The results of the software output can be summarized as follows;- Based on the pattern of distribution of variables, the system has an unstable state and the types of variables - influential, impressive, independent, regulatory and two-dimensional - can be identified in it.- The most effective is related to the variables of "political economy" and the least effective is related to the variables of "psychological".- In terms of impressiveness, the most impressiveness is related to "organizational" factor variables and the lowest impressiveness is related to "legal" factor variables. The key variables resulting from direct and indirect effects are identified as 16 variables, all of which are fixed and the differences are only related to their rank. These variables include;Centers of power, oil economy, lack of transparency, Clientelism policy, centralism, establishment of rentier state, weakness of popular institutions, government tenure, political influence, electoral assistance, desirability of rent-seeking among social groups, golden signatures, lobbying, the prevailing spirit of rent-seeking, the rule of the technocratic tradition among managers and the legal cases underlying rent.- Variables related to political economy are generally variables that have macro dimensions and in most cases are beyond the control of the local level of urban management. Local level variables are generally related to organizational factors that are generally the result of the performance of macro factors such as political economy. On the other hand, the variables related to political economy can be described as contextual variables that use their micro-organizational variables as tools to make their impact operational.
Urban Planning
Reza Jahanbin; Freydoun Babaei Agdam; Shahrivar rostaei; Akbar Asghari Zamani
Abstract
Introduction
As a visible manifestation of urban poverty and spatial inequality, all human populations live in multidimensional poverty conditions in informal settlements. According to conducted studies, women and children are particularly vulnerable to the risks and harms of informal ...
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Introduction
As a visible manifestation of urban poverty and spatial inequality, all human populations live in multidimensional poverty conditions in informal settlements. According to conducted studies, women and children are particularly vulnerable to the risks and harms of informal settlements. Therefore, the United Nations has declared women's empowerment on a large scale as one of the critical objectives of the Third Millennium development. In this study, women’s empowerment in informal settlements has been investigated from stereotyping perspective (gender stereotypes). According to the micro-level research conducted, the main challenge is culturally restrictive settings for the women's group. In these settlements, women are exposed to poverty and gender discrimination more than men. This often stems from the imposition of gender stereotypes. Gender Stereotyping is an obstacle for women to have a social activity that prevents mobility and presence of women in society and imposes gender roles (housekeeping, childbearing, etc.), and ignores or reduces the women. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze the relationship between gender stereotypes and women's empowerment in informal settlements in Ilam as well as to assess the relationship between women's empowerment and contextual variables to answer the question; what is the relationship between gender stereotypes as well as the contextual characteristics of women and their empowerment? The research hypothesis is: there is a significant relationship between gender stereotypes and contextual variables with women's empowerment.
Data and Methods
The present research is of a fundamental-applied nature and has used survey as a method. To collect the data, a researcher-made questionnaire was utilized .The research population is women, 18 years of age and older, residing in informal settlements in Ilam seleced through random sampling. Based on the Cochran's formula 377 women were selected. The validity of the questionnaire was determined through content validity and its reliability was determined through Cronbach's alpha (0.89). Data were analyzed using SPSS and running Analysis of Variance (F), Pearson correlation test, T-test, and regression analysis. AMOS was used also for the structural equation modeling (SEM). In this study, women's decision-making in both individual and family domains through a Likert scale with 16 items to measure their empowerment; the gender stereotype variable was measured with 17 items. In this study, in addition to the relationship between gender stereotypes and women's empowerment, the relationship between contextual variables such as age, marital status, education, immigration, and employment with empowerment is studied.
Discussion and Conclusion
In this study, the role and position of women's empowerment in informal settlements in terms of cultural factors and the relationship between gender stereotypes and women's empowerment have been examined. Also, the research hypothesis was confirmed following data analysis. According to Pearson test results (R-value = -0.174 and significance level = 0.001), there is a significant and indirect relationship between belief in gender stereotypes and women's empowerment at confidence level. The more women believe in gender stereotypes, the less their empowerment is, and vice versa. Research findings also show that contextual variables such as education level, employment, marital status, age, and migration positively affect women's empowerment. In this study, six independent variables were introduced in the regression table, whose multiple correlation coefficient (R) with women's empowerment was equal to 0.474, and the coefficient of determination (R2) was equal to 0.225. Based on this coefficient, about 0.23, i.e., 23% of the dispersion for the women's empowerment variable is explained by independent variables in the experimental research model, and the rest of the dispersion is explained by variables not introduced in this study. Among the independent variables, the education level of = 0.350 has the greatest effect on the women's empowerment. Then, employment status of =- 0.306, immigration of = -0.217, marital status of = -0.160, Gender stereotypes of =-0.157 and finally age of = -0.002 have been effective in explaining the dependent variable. In this study, structural equation modeling (SEM), as one of the new methods for examining the causal relationships between variables, was used through AMOS software, where the structural equation analysis of the proposed model was performed. According to the goodness of fit index, the research model is relatively good.
Results
As the half population of the society and their roles in the development, women’s empowerment in informal settlements can be a pragmatic and realistic approach in dealing with these challenges and reminding women’s role in the society. Gender stereotyping imposes gender roles (housekeeping, childbearing, etc.) and ignores or reduces the women’s role. It also keeps women in inferiority and deprives them of decision-making within and outside the family. According to this study, rising education-centered gender stereotypes can free women from a passive person who needs others’ attention and turns them into an energetic and capable body in society and makes the basis for their local social capacity and the culture of local participation. Considering international references and firm views and theories, women play a central role at home and outside the home. To create women’s real, active and effective role-playing, it is needed to look at their potentials and abilities and overcome pure gender stereotypes.
Urban Planning
Akbar Asghari Zamani; Hossein Karimzadeh; ozra fazaeli kelvanaq
Abstract
Introduction As cities grow and the urban population increase in recent decades, urban land has also become an economically valued and, of course, scarce commodity. This developing trend has further strengthened the land use theory in the public interest and has emphasized the role of land use planning. ...
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Introduction As cities grow and the urban population increase in recent decades, urban land has also become an economically valued and, of course, scarce commodity. This developing trend has further strengthened the land use theory in the public interest and has emphasized the role of land use planning. Though, the growth of the capitalist relation in cities has turned the land economy and the resulting surplus value to the means of gaining economic benefit, which is created by supply constraints and increasing demand; in such a way that this surplus value inspires citizens to change their land-use even illegally and replace it with profitable uses proportionate with this value. This change eliminates the user-functional inconsistencies in the detailed plans and it causes unrest in cities. If the increase in land value in parts of this area and the resulting rent intensify the incentives to trade in the land market, district 1 of Tabriz, as an economically active district and one of the commercial centers of the city, will probably not be an exception to this rule. Data and methods The current article is applied research based on the purpose of research, in terms of nature and data collection it is descriptive-analytical. The land price in the neighborhoods of district one of Tabriz is the independent variable and land-use change based on a detailed plan is the dependent variable. Land-use changes in the area are harvested in the field and land prices by neighborhoods are also obtained through real estate agencies. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between the two variables and the hotspot analysis function was used to determine the distribution of changes in the range. The kernel function is also used to examine the relationship between the changes and the access network. Results and Discussion Land prices for the two periods of 2006-2011 and 2011-2015 and land-use changes in the District through field harvesting and in the neighborhoods of the district were collected and to determine the relationship between price and the amount of change, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used in SPSS software. Its result for the first period is 0.840 and the second period is 0.853. Likewise, the hotspot analysis model has been used to analyze the distribution and focus of changes in the GIS environment. The results indicate a positive and high correlation between price variables and the amount of change in the neighborhoods of the District so that the highest concentration of change is seen in neighborhoods with more land prices. About 96% of the total change occurred within a hundred meters of the road network, of which 52.6% was within 25 meters of the main roads. Abbasi Street along the east and west, Abersan crossroads to Pasdaran Highway, and most parts of Valiasr are areas prone to change. In this case, the role of economic centrality and the existence of uses with regional and supra-regional functions can be considered as the causes of this phenomenon. One of the economic components that can affect the land use planning process in cities; is the price of land. In some parts of the city, the existence of some benefits increases the price of land and creates additional value for them, and thus affects the decision of property owners in the type of use. Regarding the hypotheses and analyzes, the results reveal that land price is not only a factor but also a qualitative factor and a high-impact economic component that results from various physical and environmental factors to government policies. It is the reason for land-use change and material benefit can be a robust stimulus for any change, whether positive or negative, towards society. The economic value of land in the study area has had a high impact on the formation of land-use change in this area and changes have occurred mostly in areas where land prices are high. Hotspot analysis on changes indicates a major accumulation of changes in areas where the land value is high and there is a direct relationship between land-use change and access network.
Urban Planning
Akbar Asghari Zamani; Shahrivar Rostaei; Mohammad Ali Koushesh Vatan
Abstract
Introduction Land use planning, especially land subdivision, plays a key role in making a decision on how to properly use the land and subdivide it. That is why such planning influences the state of the environment and can have positive and negative effects (Metternicht, 2018: 3). In simple words, with ...
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Introduction Land use planning, especially land subdivision, plays a key role in making a decision on how to properly use the land and subdivide it. That is why such planning influences the state of the environment and can have positive and negative effects (Metternicht, 2018: 3). In simple words, with different street network patterns, land subdivision creates various lots in different shapes and with various advantages. In other words, at the execution stage, land subdivision affects the land price. So, some lots will have a higher value due to their advantages compared to some other lots (Evans, 2004: 75). Considering what abovementioned, this comparative study aims: 1 – To evaluate the quality of the existing land subdivisions in the planned texture, worn-out texture, and informal settlements using the current land subdivision standards; 2 – To assess the correlation between the opinions of experts, real estate agents, property owners, and non-owners on the quality of land subdivision with the current status of the land subdivision based on research indicators; 3 – To evaluate the impact of human-managerial factors and the land value in the land subdivision process. Data and Method To collect data, a field study was used. To select blocks randomly as research sample, the Fishnet tool in ArcMap software was used. Totally, 353 blocks in district one and 386 blocks in district three were selected as research samples. To collect data on the status of the land subdivision in the selected blocks, a database was constructed for the study areas using the indicators of area, number of frontages, building orientation, chamfer or fillet, street width, street function, lot shape, aspect ratio, and distance to different land-uses, then the required analyses were performed. In the next step, using a researcher-made questionnaire, the three groups of experts, real estate agents and property owners, and non-owners were surveyed to align the observed advantages and disadvantages with the opinions of the three abovementioned groups. The validity of the questions was estimated using face validity. Its Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained 0.76, which was within the acceptable range. The statistical population included the total population of the two studied districts (n=448,121 people) and the sample size was estimated to be 384 people using the Cochran formula at 95% confidence level and with a 5% error. Also, SPSS software was used for questionnaire analysis. Results and Discussion According to the analysis carried out for the first aim, the obtained averages revealed the inappropriate residential and commercial subdivisions. In this issue, streets play a very important role, because different street network patterns significantly affect the characteristics of lots. As observed, for residential and commercial land-uses in both districts, the average width of the streets and the adaptation level of land-uses with the street function were below the standards, which also reduced the quality of access. According to the analysis performed for the second aim, it was found that experts' opinions on six cases in district one and seven cases in district three were significantly correlated with the current status of the land subdivision. Also, property owners and non-owners on five cases in district three and two cases in district one were significantly correlated with the current status of the land subdivision. Real estate agents' opinions on one case in each district were significantly correlated with the current status of the land subdivision. For the third aim, it was found that the respondents in district one and district three considered the land value and human-managerial factors as effective factors in inappropriate land subdivisions, respectively. In other words, it can be said that the land value and human-managerial factors, along with the lack of efficient solutions and proper surveillance of land subdivision, are considered as factors for inappropriate land subdivision in the study area. In addition, with an average of 3.5 in district one, experts and real-estate agents have assessed the land value more effective in inappropriate land subdivisions compared to the property owners and non-owners. Also, with an average of 3.7 in district three, experts and property owners and none property owners have assessed the human-managerial factors more effective in inappropriate land subdivisions compared to the real estate agents. Conclusion Findings showed that according to the land subdivision indicators used in our research, residential and commercial land-uses don’t meet the land subdivision standards. In this case, streets play the more dominant role than other factors. Measuring the alignment of experts, real estate agents, property owners and non-owners' opinions on the quality of land subdivision with its current status based on research indicators showed that with the highest frequency, experts' opinions on six cases in district one and seven cases in district three are significantly correlated with the current status of the land subdivision. Finally, according to the three abovementioned groups' opinions, the land value in district one and the human-managerial factors in district three were evaluated as effective factors in inappropriate land subdivisions.
Urban Planning
Mahsa Khosh Sima; Akbar Asgharei Zamani; shahrivar rostaei
Abstract
Introduction Considering the occurrence of scattered phenomena in the cities of Iran, the need for re-planning on land and housing in old textures has doubled. In fact, urban sprawling growth shows that the city's population growth is lower than the physical development of the city. Infill development ...
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Introduction Considering the occurrence of scattered phenomena in the cities of Iran, the need for re-planning on land and housing in old textures has doubled. In fact, urban sprawling growth shows that the city's population growth is lower than the physical development of the city. Infill development provides the best opportunity to maintain outdoor space and optimize the use of existing infrastructure. And at the same time, by promoting identity in areas where abandoned land is redeveloped, while providing housing, especially for the low income, can provide a model for urban development policies, especially in the housing sector. In general, issues such as the lack of land, the destruction of agricultural land and gardens due to the excessive spread of cities, the energy crisis, air pollution, informal settlements, the spread of cities on hazardous areas and faults and social anomalies, including issues Which make it imperative to pay attention to the infill and sustained development approach in the housing sector. Methodology Thus, in this study to investigate the role of infill development at renovation of Hokm Abad region of Tabriz old texture we applied spatial analysis. By calculating the indexes of infill development and old texture and corresponding maps, the final map of Infill development in the neighborhood with 95% confidence level came out. In addition, there are street network restrictions for infill development the relationship of which is also being approved through a map to exclude the respective problems, to come out of a state of exhaustion and regain its life as before. Result and discussion The overall results of this article suggest that: There is a high talent for the development of vacant land between existing parts (10% of the total land), which can be used for residential development by increasing the use of the density of buildings and increasing the use of lateral land uses of housing land use. Considering that neighborhood development has taken place at the Horizontal surface can Aggregate of fine-grained pieces, which accounts for over 50% of the area in question, the existing construction density can be increased. According to the buildings' life plans, the materials used, the quality of the building, most buildings need to be fully renovated and restored. In the new rebuilding, the principles and criteria for infill development should be considered as an example of the new urban planning principles, so be build new development based on the human scale, neighborhood the centerpiece with a distinctive center and edges with the ability to walk and bike ride. According to population density map 1.3, the population increase can be done in empty spaces and points marked on the population density map. Most of the transit network in the Hakam Abad district of Tabriz are organic and have not complied with the relevant rules and regulations that should be amended in new constructions Improved passageways and extensions of less than 6 meters, and attention should be paid to the rules for the extension of old texture tracks transit of at least 8 meters (Local access). Conclusion New towns are creating unbridled areas around the large cities and metropolitan regions witnessing, the sprawl development, the increase of urban costs, and finally untold magnitude of urban and urban management facing up complexity and trouble. And the creation of new towns cannot lead to the important goal of attracting new towns not only in the metropolis crowd overspill, but Some have not yet reached the stage of exploitation after some years. According to this issue the focus should be on the managers agenda and municipal officials rather than the urban sprawl development around the cities The spreading cause of fertile agricultural lands can blight available (old textures) usage, The decline of urban life in urban centers revives the past new towns are creating unbridled around the large cities. This matter causes sprawl development, the increase of urban costs, and finally untold magnitude of urban and urban management facing up complexity and trouble. And The creation of new towns cannot lead to the important goal of attracting new towns not only in the metropolis crowd overspill, but the operational out comes as well. According to this issue the focus should be on the managers agenda and municipal officials rather than the urban sprawl development around the cities the spreading cause of fertile agricultural lands can blight available (old textures) usage. Therefore, infill development and utilizing existing capacities can help solve problems both in terms of exhaustion and lack of services, and infrastructure and Superstructures. It can resolve to promote awkward urban development discipline.
Urban Planning
akbar asghari zamani; Hersh Mostafaei
Volume 23, Issue 69 , December 2019, , Pages 1-17
Abstract
AbstractCities as a living environment play a significant role in creating satisfaction, they indeed shape human's lifestyle and determine their life quality. Regarding the quality of man-made environments not only encourages them to cooperate, but also induces a sense of satisfaction among individuals. ...
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AbstractCities as a living environment play a significant role in creating satisfaction, they indeed shape human's lifestyle and determine their life quality. Regarding the quality of man-made environments not only encourages them to cooperate, but also induces a sense of satisfaction among individuals. Urban growth and rapid urban expansion have caused various crises in terms of urban life including environmental challenges and declining the quality of urban environs. Following increased urbanization in our country and rapid changing space for several reasons in terms of urban texture, the quality of urban environs has seriously declined. When it comes to environmental quality, the emphasis is still over construction and physical shape. The paper tends to measure and zone the physical environment quality of the middle texture of Tabriz city based on recent statistics and data. The research method is based on the objectives applying descriptive- analytical in terms of its methodology. During first steps of sample collection, we initially measure the quality of urban environment through field studies preparing and filling out some questionnaires. And in the second step, we apply softwares including: EXCEL, CHOICE, EXPERT to measure the data and finally apply ARC GIS to display the research findings. However the yields of central tissue zoning of Tabriz reflect that 5.77% of regional area is in an unfavorable condition, 19.38% favorable condition and 74.83% is in moderate utility status.
Urban Planning
Akbar Asghari Zamani; Hersh Mostafaei
Volume 22, Issue 64 , September 2018, , Pages 1-18
Abstract
Cities as a living environment play a significant role in creating satisfaction, they indeed shape human's lifestyle and determine their life quality. Regarding the quality of man-made environments not only encourages them to cooperate, but also induces a sense of satisfaction among individuals. Urban ...
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Cities as a living environment play a significant role in creating satisfaction, they indeed shape human's lifestyle and determine their life quality. Regarding the quality of man-made environments not only encourages them to cooperate, but also induces a sense of satisfaction among individuals. Urban growth and rapid urban expansion have caused various crises in terms of urban life including environmental challenges and declining the quality of urban environs. Following increased urbanization in our country and rapid changing space for several reasons in terms of urban texture, the quality of urban environs has seriously declined. When it comes to environmental quality, the emphasis is still over construction and physical shape. The paper tends to measure and zone the physical environment quality of the middle texture of Tabriz city based on recent statistics and data. The research method is based on the objectives applying descriptive- analytical in terms of its methodology. During first steps of sample collection, we initially measure the quality of urban environment through field studies preparing and filling out some questionnaires. And in the second step, we apply softwares including: EXCEL, CHOICE, EXPERT to measure the data and finally apply ARC GIS to display the research findings. However the yields of central tissue zoning of Tabriz reflect that 5.77% of regional area is in an unfavorable condition, 19.38% favorable condition and 74.83% is in moderate utility status.
Urban Planning
akbar asghari zamani; Ebrahim Sharifzadeh Aghdam; Abdollah Sheykhi
Abstract
The purpose of this research analyzed role of criteria it in the physical development of the isInstability piranshahr and environmental impact on the periphery areas and the formation of informal settlements in urban marginal areas.In this study, the spatio-temporal patterns and processes ...
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The purpose of this research analyzed role of criteria it in the physical development of the isInstability piranshahr and environmental impact on the periphery areas and the formation of informal settlements in urban marginal areas.In this study, the spatio-temporal patterns and processes of urban growth of piranshahr were investigated from 1984 to 2013 by using satellite remote sensing images,holder, spatial metrics and logistic regression modelling..his.Therefore, in this study has been evaluated Due to importance of the issue sustainable development in the surrounding areas of the city, and that the city managers assessed Results of their activities in rural areas and urban sphere of influence to Apply the futures activities Piranshahr physical expansion of the city according to the principles and standards of urban growth. Finally, the findings showed although that village Shin Abad has joined to city. And now it will be one of the regions But the Aspral growth did not have The Expand city has been mainly Consistent with population growth caused by successive migrations during the last decades but many informal settlements have formed On the fringe connection between the two cities, villages
Urban Planning
Akbar Asghari Zamani; Ebrahiem Sharifzadeh Aghdam
Abstract
Abstract Management of towns as wide organizations through local communities can be interpreted as a means of both mutual interactions and the effect of physical structure on individuals. In order to achieve sustainable urban development which is based on consultative management of developmental plans, ...
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Abstract Management of towns as wide organizations through local communities can be interpreted as a means of both mutual interactions and the effect of physical structure on individuals. In order to achieve sustainable urban development which is based on consultative management of developmental plans, an appropriate capacity needs to be built. Capacity building in urban neighborhoods can be conducted through understanding citizens' abilities and engaging them in urban plans. The communication between the citizens and urban governors plays the most important role in sustainable formation of urban neighborhoods, management of optimal quality of life, conditions of residential neighborhoods, and sustainable urban development. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of consultative management performance on physical sustainability of urban neighborhoods. Survey method was utilized to collect data. In so doing, a "structured questionnaire" that was designed based on internal and external sustainability indicators was applied. The target population included four main neighborhoods of Piranshahr. A sample of 382 individuals was selected through Cochrans' model. Statistical tests were conducted to check the sustainability of every single indicator. Then, the urban neighborhoods were ranked based on Vikor model. Finally, the results showed that the target indicators had a significant effect on the sustainability increase of the urban neighborhoods such that the people's participation affected neighborhoods sustainability in the town. Finally, based on Vikor model the results showed that neighborhood 2 with a sustainability rate of Q=0.55 had more favorable conditions compared to the other neighborhoods.
Shahrivar Rustaee; Mohsen Ahadnejad; Akbar Asgharizamani; Alireza Zangane; Shahram Saeedi
Volume 19, Issue 53 , September 2015, , Pages 137-166
Abstract
Abstract Informal Settlements, resulting from swift urbanization in the contemporary world and the socioeconomic inequalities across regions, have made cities-especially metropolises like Kermanshah, Iran- face a great deal of problems. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the informal settlements ...
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Abstract Informal Settlements, resulting from swift urbanization in the contemporary world and the socioeconomic inequalities across regions, have made cities-especially metropolises like Kermanshah, Iran- face a great deal of problems. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the informal settlements of Dolat Abad and Shater Abad in Kermanshah. To this end, an analytic-quantitative method with an applied approach was used, and the statistical population of the research consisted of Dolat Abad and Shater Abad settlements, based in western and eastern Kermanshah, respectively. So, the information on the statistical blocks in 2006 and 30 indexes, changed into three combined factors, were analyzed by factor analysis, Arc/GIS and Arc/View Software. As for Dolat Abad settlement, the results showed that 20 blocks (11.1% of the population) had appropriate states in terms of poverty, and 31 (17.2%), 57 (31.7%), 50 (27.8%) and 16 blocks (8.9%) held relatively appropriate, average, relatively inappropriate and inappropriate states in terms of poverty, respectively. Furthermore, the results of evaluation of poverty in Shater Abad settlement demonstrated that 12 blocks (4.5% of the population) had inappropriate states in terms of poverty, and 74 (28%), 92 (34.8%), 60 (22.7%) and 13 blocks (4.9%) held relatively inappropriate, average, relatively appropriate and appropriate states in terms of poverty, respectively. In addition, the results of the present study suggested that the residential blocks based in Kermanshah were sites for manifestation of social, economic, cultural and structural distinctions. These settlements symbolize poverty and go through a different process in terms of dynamics, and more to the point, the existence of inequality across the urban areas of Kermanshah has led to spatial, social and economic segregation. Not to mention, the results of the present work were dependent on the applied indexes, which may be affected through applying other ones.
Akbar Asghari Zamani
Volume 18, Issue 48 , June 2014, , Pages 1-16
Abstract
Open spaces play an important role in reducing the amount of work and the results of natural and artificial disasters. The main function of it, in the time of earthquake, is separation of one area with potential risk from another, and thus prevents the development of chains of events and focused of activity ...
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Open spaces play an important role in reducing the amount of work and the results of natural and artificial disasters. The main function of it, in the time of earthquake, is separation of one area with potential risk from another, and thus prevents the development of chains of events and focused of activity of destructive forces. This study shows that open spaces within the city of Tabriz can be divided in to four main categories as urban green spaces, arid lands, urban gardens and farms within city limits in which open spaces can be effective in reducing losses from earthquakes and play important role to optimal management of crises in various stages of crises caused by the earthquake. Results show that all open spaces in urban area of Tabriz, including aforementioned 4 categories have an areas of about 11722 ha, the level of which is equivalent to 47% of the total surface area of Tabriz. Analytical results of this study show two major subjects; the first however, from the perspective of quantity compared with other cities open spaces seems a little too common but it should be noted that the distribution of these spaces in different parts of Tabriz is very heterogeneous. Secondly, most of the aforementioned levels include arid lands (7158 ha) and form land (3592 ha) in located in the outlying areas of city of Tabriz.
Shahrivar Roostayee; Akbar Asgari Zamani; Ali Zolfi
Volume 18, Issue 47 , April 2014, , Pages 149-169
Abstract
In this paper the importance and necessity of knowing the characteristics of the natural environment to identify suitable locations for buildings and municipal buildings from poor areas, zoning lands to the central part of Aras Free Zone, was acting for urban development. Six indicators (distance from ...
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In this paper the importance and necessity of knowing the characteristics of the natural environment to identify suitable locations for buildings and municipal buildings from poor areas, zoning lands to the central part of Aras Free Zone, was acting for urban development. Six indicators (distance from the fault, the Aras river privacy, water studied privacy, land formation, land erosion and slope) were considered and produced. After defining the parameters, according to the research using AHP, by weighting each indicator in ArcGIS software capabilities in order to combine the indicators. The zoning map for urban development was obtained and evaluated. The results indicate that the most desirable locations for urban development based on the distance from natural hazards zones are in the South, South west and West regions where 4762 ha of area were allocated. Meanwhile in 2300 ha of land area, land for urban development was not desirable.
