Urban Planning
Asghar Zarrabi; shayesteh abbassi; abolfazl meshkini
Abstract
Introduction
Informal settlements are home to about one billion people in the world. In other words, about one-seventh of the world's population and one third of the world's urban population live on margins. In our country, informal settlements have been officially interpreted more rapidly than urban ...
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Introduction
Informal settlements are home to about one billion people in the world. In other words, about one-seventh of the world's population and one third of the world's urban population live on margins. In our country, informal settlements have been officially interpreted more rapidly than urban growth, and it is estimated that one-fifth of urban populations are located in such settlements. The emergence of informal settlements reveals the existence of structural barriers and inefficiencies in the current policies in providing the necessary housing and services for the low-income urban population at macro level. The 2002 United Nations Summit on Sustainable Development emphasized that contemporary cities are sustainable if they resist natural disasters. Today, the crossroads of environmental, economic, social, and urban spontaneous settlements on a global scale have attracted attention to the urban widespread approach with a more comprehensive look at previous approaches such as crisis management in these settlements and in The world agenda has been considered. In fact, "Resilience as a framework is about a concept that can easily be associated with all stages and sections of disasters and crisis management, and has been introduced with four institutional, social, economic, and infrastructure dimensions. Sanandaj is one of the middle cities that has been growing fast over the last few decades, along with many parts of the country. This rapid growth has led to the formation of automobile neighborhoods in different parts of the city. The purpose of this article is to investigate and evaluate resilience indices in these settlements. In this regard, the main research question is what is the status of resilience of informal settlements in Sanandaj? And how important are the resilience indicators and dimensions?
Methodology
the type of research is applied-development and its method is descriptive-analytical and in terms of information acquisition method, it is located in the field of library-field studies. The data needed for research is obtained through library and field methods. In the library method, internal and external articles and books were used. In the data collection section, data were collected from the statistical blocks of the Population and Housing Census of 1395, Statistics Center of Iran, experts' questionnaire, comprehensive and detailed plans of Sanandaj city, household questionnaire, and so on. In this research, internal and external library studies were used for extraction of indicators. In this study, internal and external library studies were used to extract the indices and the experts were provided with a questionnaire. AHP test was used to analyze the questionnaires and the scores were analyzed in Expert Choice software. In the next step, in order to study the indicators in the area of informal settlements of Sanandaj, a household questionnaire was prepared and according to Statistical Society (30539 families), based on the Cochran formula, 379 questionnaires were completed from the households in the study area. The questionnaire was based on the six-level Likert scale. Reliability of the questionnaire was measured by Cronbach's alpha. Cronbach's alpha value was 0.73 which indicates the reliability of the questionnaire.
One-sample t-test was used to measure resilience. The one-sample t-test (the test of comparing the mean of a population with a number) is one of the tests used in most applied research. This test determines whether the observed average is significantly different from a specified value or a standard value. Confirmatory factor analysis in LISREL software was used to determine the impact of resilience dimensions. In confirmatory factor analysis, the researcher seeks to develop a model that is assumed to describe, describe, explain, or justify empirical data on the basis of relatively few parameters.
Results and Discussion
According to the AHP test, the highest weight was found to be 0.593 in human dimension and the lowest weight was 0. 113 in natural dimension. The findings indicate that the level of resilience is 3.03 in the area, which is less than the mean of 3.50, but it can be said that the informal settlements is not resilient. In terms of dimensions, only the socio-cultural dimension with 3.72 is higher than the average of 3.50 and is resilient. The lowest level of resilience related to the economic dimension at 2.47, followed by the managerial dimension with 2.66. also, Physical dimension is not resilient to have an average of 3.28. According to the studies, the total level of resilience in the informal settlements of Sanandaj was 3.11 and below 3.50. Factor analysis of factors affecting resilience showed that social factors with 0.81 had the most effect and economic factors with 0.50 had the least effect.
Conclusion
Research results in these settlements indicate that the level of resilience is at a low level. Among the different dimensions of resilience, the social dimension has a better status than other dimensions. In the economic field, due to the low level of income of the residents, the lack of insurance, the low level of savings, the lack of job security, the volatility in income, the seasonal nature of the occupation of many residents and ... has led to a low level of economic resilience. Organizational-administrative dimensions also have very low resilience. The lack of institutions at the local level, the weakness of the relationship between managers and the local population, lack of training in preparation for crisis is the reason for the low level of institutional resilience in these settlements. Physically, due to low level of resistance of residential units, lack of proper access to infrastructure, lack of suitable open spaces in neighborhoods, low strength of infrastructures, etc., has led to a decrease in the level of physical resilience.
GIS&RS
Asgar Zarabi; Rasoul Babanasab; Alireza Rahimichamchani; Jabar Alizadehasl
Abstract
Nowadays ICT (Information and Communication Technology) as a new dominant paradigm of development has become the focus of all the aspects of development and progress by influencing the way of thinking and acting and changing life and work patterns and in fact it is considered as both the reason and the ...
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Nowadays ICT (Information and Communication Technology) as a new dominant paradigm of development has become the focus of all the aspects of development and progress by influencing the way of thinking and acting and changing life and work patterns and in fact it is considered as both the reason and the sign of development. Due to the growing benefits of adopting this technology in order to achieve economic, social and political goals and sustainable development, following appropriate strategies and approaches for using ICT in our country is a must. Due to the fundamental and key role of ICT in achieving sustainable development and knowing that digital divide between regions has overshadowed the spatial and geographical justice and has provoked the uneven and unbalanced development of the regions of the country, any plan or program in developing ICT in the country should be based on the studying and understanding the current situation of ICT in the regions of the country and should be used to remove or eliminate the digital divide. In this research the development of the provinces of the country in terms of ICT was examined and these provinces were rated and ranked. In order to do so, we made use of 40 indicators and unique soft wares and models like GIS, SPSS, TOPSIS, scattering coefficient, weight rating technique, linear scale-up method, Pearson coefficient and so on. The findings of the study indicated that the provinces of the country are not in a good situation in terms of ICT and Tehran province as the first rank in terms of ICT was semi-developed. There are imbalances and disparities to some extent among the provinces of the country in terms of ICT development or in other words digital divide in such a way that Tehran province as the first rank was 2.5 times more developed than the last rank (Northern- Khorasan) and in general the first rank provinces were nearly twice times more developed than the fifth rank provinces. Also, ICT development correlated with population and especially with urban percentage; meaning that generally speaking, the most facilities and usages of ICT are focused in the provinces with more population and urban percentage. At last in order to eliminate or remove digital divide and balancing long-term development, the provinces of the country were ranked for achieving ICT development.
Asgar Zarrabi; Jaber Alizadeh; behzad Ranjbarnia; Mohammad Javad Kamelifar; Mehdi Ahmadian
Volume 19, Issue 51 , April 2015, , Pages 193-219
Abstract
Being concerned to achieve good shape of the city has been commenced since the formation of primary cities. Moreover, involvement of human thought to improve urban life is simultaneous with urbanization history. Urbanization growth and human tendency to settle in the cities has been made the concept ...
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Being concerned to achieve good shape of the city has been commenced since the formation of primary cities. Moreover, involvement of human thought to improve urban life is simultaneous with urbanization history. Urbanization growth and human tendency to settle in the cities has been made the concept of urban quality of life important more and more.
Type of study is applied and developmental and in terms of method used in the research is descriptive-analytical and survey. Given the high mass of the population, for data collection the sampling method was used. The sample size was calculated 384 samples using Cochran's formula for city of Tabriz. The samples of the study area were chosen by using random sampling method regarding the population size of the each zone. To analyze data fuzzy multi-criteria decision making techniques and cluster analysis were used.
At last final score of citizen satisfaction rate in terms of their quality of living environment were classified into 3 levels (including: acceptable satisfaction, moderate satisfaction, low satisfaction) using cluster analysis. The zones of 2, 5 and 3 were placed at first level which is high satisfaction. Second level consists of the zones 6, 8, 7 and 4 which is in moderate satisfaction. The lowest satisfaction is related to zones of 1 and 10 which have lower satisfaction in comparison to other zones
Asghar Zarabi; Meysam Rezaei; Behnam Naderi; Behrooz Karimi
Volume 18, Issue 50 , February 2015, , Pages 207-234
Abstract
Following the emigrant increasing and city population growth in the world especially in developing countries, the land use has special importance. Because by dedicating the land to essential uses, we can assure the major purposes in urban planning like: health, beauty, welfare, etc. In this research, ...
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Following the emigrant increasing and city population growth in the world especially in developing countries, the land use has special importance. Because by dedicating the land to essential uses, we can assure the major purposes in urban planning like: health, beauty, welfare, etc. In this research, we have tried to analyze and study the land use of Kazeroon city as the view point of quality and quantity, localizing and compatibility and concord then with popular standard per capita in urban plans.
The research method in current study is descriptive-analytical. Information needed for this research was obtained through field research, library research, interviews, map 1/2000 and map 1/25000 Kazeooun city. The data analysis was done by using AHP models and index overlaps in GIS medium. The results of this study show that only four cases of these uses have per capita higher than standard level. But other uses have special shortages and among them, transportation and warehouse and green land uses have some problems from the view point of quality like: spatial distribution, desirability, compatibility etc. with, regard to per capita shortage in existing condition (1385) and also population prediction for time horizon of 1400, the essential area for each uses in existing condition and in year 1400 have been evaluated and the suitable limits to make new uses presented.
Asghar Zarrabi; Jabbar Alizadeh Asl; Esa Bahari
Volume 18, Issue 48 , June 2014, , Pages 177-210
Abstract
Ecotourism is a branch of tourism which could change natural potentials and cultural characteristics into actual resources. It is obvious that, without knowing potential and actual powers of each region, planning and prediction is deemed impossible. In the face of this fact, current research seeks to ...
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Ecotourism is a branch of tourism which could change natural potentials and cultural characteristics into actual resources. It is obvious that, without knowing potential and actual powers of each region, planning and prediction is deemed impossible. In the face of this fact, current research seeks to identify advantages, disadvantages, opportunities, threats and strategies of ecotourism development in BandVillage, Urmia. This research aims at introducing BandVillage as one of touristic regions of West Azerbaijan, investigating issues and problems in terms of tourism facilities and infrastructures and ecotourism potentials and suggesting strategies regarding tackling ecotourism obstacles. Dominant approach to this research is descriptive, causal and of applied nature. To collect data, questionnaires were used and the population consisted of tourists who traveled to Band in summer 1388. To analyze data, SPSS was employed and ArcGIS software was used to draw maps. The statistical technique used in the research was Pearson correlation. Also, to analyze ecotourism potentials, SWOT model was used in order to augment the advantages and opportunities and to decrease disadvantages and threats. The findings indicate that:
- The more advertisement, the higher the umber of arriving tourists. The result from this relationship was 41% and showed acceptable and middle toward high relationship.
- The more the facilities and services, the more the satisfaction of tourists. In Band, the relationship between satisfaction of tourists and facilities and services was 36% showing middle toward low relationship.
- The evaluation of this region by SWOT model shows 35 disadvantages and threats and 25 advantages and opportunities which require serious attention of managers and macro and coherent planning in order to change disadvantages and threats into advantages and opportunities regarding ecotourism development in the study region.
Asghar Zarabi; Azam Safarabadi
Volume 17, Issue 46 , February 2014, , Pages 147-170
Abstract
Ecotourism or nature tourism is one of the branches of tourism that is based on natural attractions. Ecotourism industry includes strategies to identify areas of prone nature and the planning for these areas to attract ecotourists and create the infrastructure facilities for them. City of Kermanshah ...
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Ecotourism or nature tourism is one of the branches of tourism that is based on natural attractions. Ecotourism industry includes strategies to identify areas of prone nature and the planning for these areas to attract ecotourists and create the infrastructure facilities for them. City of Kermanshah is among regions with interesting scenery which enjoys rich cultural and historical attractions in the field of tourism. This study tries to evaluate the challenges and opportunities of nature tourism of this city using SWOT strategic model and to present appropriate strategies to achieve sustainable ecotourism for the region. It is a descriptive-analytical study and data collection is done using library, survey and documentary methods. The results of this study indicate that pristine nature and high ecotourism capabilities with a score of 0.45 and varied climate with a score of 0.32 are among the most important strengths. Lack of proper introduction of the region attractions with a score of 0.32 is the most important weakness. Job creation with score of 0.36 and visits management with a score of 0.28 are the most important opportunities and Lack of organized and studied programs with a score of 0.40 are the most important threats to the sustainable development in ecotourism of the area.
Asghar Zarrabi; Raheleh Saniei
Volume 16, Issue 40 , September 2012, , Pages 141-159
Abstract
Vulnerability of cities for earthquakes argue is a topic that is urban planning experts.
This subject has variety of aspects such as stability and by instability of structural material. It's relation with humanities indexes is studied as urban planning hidden sector and the planning ignoring it will ...
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Vulnerability of cities for earthquakes argue is a topic that is urban planning experts.
This subject has variety of aspects such as stability and by instability of structural material. It's relation with humanities indexes is studied as urban planning hidden sector and the planning ignoring it will fail. Purpose of this research, is the determination of humanities indexes which affect on urban area stability and instability of structural material in Iran states.
Therefore, this research has used analytic and quantitative methods. At first, stability and instability of structural Material were calculated by SDI method. In this method Iran states were divided in to four parts including Mazandran, Ilam, Esfehan, Gilan, Markazy, Kohkilooye and Boyer Ahmad and Tehran as developing states. In the second step, by using factor analysis 90 factors are reduced to 11 effective factors. Regression model detected that first, fourth; seventh and ninth factors have the highest effects in developing material.
Jamal Mohammadi; Asghar Zarrabi; Hossein Pourgayyoumi
Volume 16, Issue 38 , February 2012, , Pages 123-152
Abstract
Nowadays the industrial pollutions have destructive influences on biology environment and the life of their inhibitors. For reducing the destructive effects of these biological hits, the most effective and at the same time the simplest way is to improve the Green space and biology. The geographic information ...
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Nowadays the industrial pollutions have destructive influences on biology environment and the life of their inhibitors. For reducing the destructive effects of these biological hits, the most effective and at the same time the simplest way is to improve the Green space and biology. The geographic information software by utilizing different analysis functions, allows the incorporation of spatial and non-spatial data and also the management and simultaneous analysis of them, thus it can be used as an instrument for city planners. In the Kazerun city that was studied in this article, the excessive lack of green space and un just distribution of that is highly sensed. This study searches for efficient distribution of Green space by using hierarchy analysis (AHP) and index overlap model (IO). To obtain this aim, by using the GIS software and after going through data collection stage, providing new data layers, sorting and valuating the layers and at last, weighing and data layers overlapping, we prioritize the Kazrun city lands for new Green space development. At last, we divided these lands to very good, good, medial, weak and very weak that after adapting this map to land facts, the very good and good land classes were chosen for Green space development (local or City Park). The current research method is descriptive-analytic. The required information of this research were collected from field observation, comprehensive design study and descriptive of Kazerun city, 1/2000 maps of current situation
Asghar Zarabi; Jamal Mahamadi; Jabbar Alizadeh
Volume 16, Issue 37 , November 2011, , Pages 83-109
Abstract
The current paper attempts to examine information and communication technology (ICT) in Esfahan’s central district. The research method is applied-developmental and the study method is survey-documental. To collect data, questionnaires were used and SPSS was used for analyzing data. The samples ...
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The current paper attempts to examine information and communication technology (ICT) in Esfahan’s central district. The research method is applied-developmental and the study method is survey-documental. To collect data, questionnaires were used and SPSS was used for analyzing data. The samples were selected from residents of Esfahan central district and its size was estimated 322 by Cochran method. Ultimately 400 questionnaires were provided from citizens and institutes. Findings show that there is a signficant relationship between information literacy and acceptance of ICT (correlation=0.47, Sig=0.000) that is to say, citizens do not have necessary knowledge to make use of ICT. Accessibility to ICT services in workplace (Sig=0.000) was suitable but in residencies, the case was not true (Sig=0.02). Citizens mostly fulfill their requests personally. The more the satisfaction of citizens with urban managers’ services, the more is involvement of citizens in urban management (correlation=0.43, Sig=0.000). There is a relationship between the use of ICT and the extent of citizen participation in urban management (correlation= 0.46, Sig=0.000). The more citizens were satisfied with ICT services, the more they tend to make use of these services. The results of current research is with the correlation of sig=0.031 are average downwards and it demands the care of urban managers. Finally, in order to promote this technology in urban societies, suggestions are presented.
