Urban Planning
Hamid Reza Rakhshaninasab; somaye rahdarpoodine; mojtaba solaymani
Abstract
مسکن ابتدایی‌ترین و حیاتی‌ترین نیاز هر موجود زنده‌ای در طبیعت، به معنا و مفهوم سرپناه است. مسکن در محله‌های کم‌برخوردار به دلیل خودرو بودن، نداشتن مجوز ساخت، استفاده ...
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مسکن ابتدایی‌ترین و حیاتی‌ترین نیاز هر موجود زنده‌ای در طبیعت، به معنا و مفهوم سرپناه است. مسکن در محله‌های کم‌برخوردار به دلیل خودرو بودن، نداشتن مجوز ساخت، استفاده از مصالح ناپایدار و ریزدانگی از کمیت و کیفیت مناسبی برخوردار نمی‌باشد. همین امر زیست‌پذیری مسکن را با چالش‌های اساسی روبرو می‌سازد. بنابراین هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی زیست‌پذیری در قلمرو مسکن محله‌های کم‌برخوردار شهر زابل است. این پژوهش از نظر هدف «کاربردی» و به لحاظ ماهیت «توصیفی – تحلیلی» است. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های پژوهش از میانگین شاخص، ANOVA و همبستگی چند متغییره در نرم‌افزار spss، جهت نمایش محله‌های شهر زابل از لحاظ ابعاد زیست‌پذیری مسکن(اقتصادی، اجتماعی، کالبدی فضایی و زیست‌محیطی) از دورن‌یابی به روش IDW و همچنین تکنیک چند معیاره EDAS استفاده شده است. نتایج میانگین شاخص‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد مسکن محله‌های کم برخوردار شهر زابل از نظر ابعاد زیست‌پذیری براساس رتبه‌بندی اکونومیست، در شرایط غیرقابل قبول قرار گرفته است. به طوری که بعد کالبدی با امتیاز 47.91 نامناسب ترین و بعد اجتماعی با امتیاز 56.55 مناسب‌ترین می باشد. همچنین تحلیل رگرسیون در محله‌های مورد بررسی نشان می‌دهد که بین ویژگی‌های مسکن در ابعاد مختلف با زیست‌پذیری مسکن همبستگی بالایی وجود دارد به طوری که ضریب این همبستگی 673/0 است؛ در بین ابعاد نیز ضریب همبستگی ویژگی‌های کالبدی مسکن با زیست‌پذیری با 561/0 بیشترین ضریب و بعد اجتماعی با 189/0 کمترین ضریب همبستگی را دارد. نتایج حاصل از وضعیت ابعاد مختلف زیست‌پذیری مسکن در پهنه محله‌های کم-برخوردار شهر زابل براساس روش درون‌یابیIDW نشان می‌دهد که ناحیه 1 اکثر محله‌های مورد بررسی را در خود جای داده است و از نظر سرانه کاربری های مسکونی، فضای سبز و شبکه معابر نسبت به نواحی دیگر شهر زابل با کمبودهای شدید روبرو است. در بعد فیزیکی و کالبدی محله معصوم آباد و در بعد اقتصادی محله قاسم آباد پایین‌ترین امتیاز را دارا هستند.
Urban Planning
MohammadHasan Yazdani; samira saeidi zaranji; hadi eskandari eynodin
Abstract
Population growth has made a huge difference in the various aspects of human life and their function, including the spatial status of individuals. In this growth. This growth usually includes having good and proper housing is one of the most important priorities of every society. There are many differences ...
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Population growth has made a huge difference in the various aspects of human life and their function, including the spatial status of individuals. In this growth. This growth usually includes having good and proper housing is one of the most important priorities of every society. There are many differences between neighborhoods and urban areas in terms of having a good and affordable housing, and these differences have led citizens to consider different indicators for their choice of residence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate domiciliation indices in Ardabil city. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and causal in nature based on structural equation modeling. Data were collected through a questionnaire with 4 indices (socio-cultural, economic, environmental and physical) and 33 items based on the responses of residents of Aftab, Mahtab, Banafsheh and Milad residential towers in District 2 of Ardabil city with a sample size of 400 . The collected data were analyzed by SPSS, Smart-PLS software. The results of path coefficient analysis and t-test showed that the variables (suitability of neighborhood conditions, heeding of urban principles and widespreading of alleyways and streets, suitability of neighborhood conditions for traffick of women, having parking, freshity and inanity of neighborhood, people's culture level had dedicated the most date for itself. The results showed that 4 research indicators have a positive and significant impact on domiciliation selection of Ardebil residents. With identifying and evaluating domiciliation indicators in the view of citizens, city managers can improve and perferment the housing conditions of citizens.
Urban Planning
rasoul ghorbani; shahrivar rostaei; sonya karami
Abstract
Introduction
Recognizing and examining the housing situation in a country depends on identifying and analyzing the factors affecting housing. To assess the housing situation, housing indicators that express the quantity and quality of different dimensions of housing can be studied. Indicators are tools ...
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Introduction
Recognizing and examining the housing situation in a country depends on identifying and analyzing the factors affecting housing. To assess the housing situation, housing indicators that express the quantity and quality of different dimensions of housing can be studied. Indicators are tools to measure the housing situation and its evolution, as well as assess the success rate and implementation of housing policies. Paying attention to the quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing is one of the most important issues in housing planning. Housing, as the most basic human need, has become very important in the life of urban communities, so that it has become one of the most effective components of measuring the quality and well-being of citizens.
Futures studies are now well over 50 years old. Discussants pointed out that the term ‘futurology’ was first introduced by Ossip Flechteim in his 1966 book History and Futurology. Eleonora Masini suggested that Flechteim himself did not have a great deal of confidence in the term, nor was he sure whether the said discipline was a ‘science’ or a ‘prescientific’ branch of knowledge. But he was certain that the new field ranged from ‘the destiny of man, the future of his society to the entire range of his future cultural activities. The strongest defense of ‘futurology’ was provided by Pentti Malaska. Malaska argued, describes ‘what futures knowledge is all about – not only epistemologically, i.e. how to acquire knowledge of the future with different techniques for this or that pragmatic purpose but especially ontologically, i.e. what the knowledge of the future may mean. Dator’s First Law of Futures states, ‘The future cannot be ‘‘predicted’’ but alternative futures can be ‘‘forecasted’’. Warren Wagar in his The Next Three Futures and in tracing the history of future studies consistently uses the term ‘futurism’. Futures studies are a mosaic of approaches, objectives, and methods, and many parts of it are in different stages of evolution.
Methodology
The present research is applied in terms of its purpose and is descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature. To collect data has been used of statistical yearbooks, censuses of different periods as well as completing a questionnaire from 40 experts in the field of housing. To analyze the data and determine the strategic indicators has been used of the method of structural/cross-impact analysis approach with MICMAC software and to determine the most probable scenarios has been used of Wizard scenario software.
Results and Discussion
In the last 40 years in the metropolis of Tabriz, housing has improved in all quantitative indicators except the average number of rooms in a residential unit. Reasons for the decrease in the number of rooms in a residential unit are the change in the architectural style of houses and the transformation of households from widespread to nuclear. Information on the infrastructure of residential units also shows that the infrastructure is moving towards standardization and the number of residential units with very low and very high infrastructure has been decreasing. Regarding the quality of housing, all indicators indicate an improvement of trend in the last 40 years, and the only indicator of the housing ownership, despite the increase in the number of owner-occupied households, shows a decrease in the percentage of owners and an increase in the percentage of tenants. Also among the 16 indicators affecting the quantitative and qualitative status of housing in the metropolis of Tabriz, 5 indicators of the average infrastructure of the residential unit, housing with a lifespan of fewer than 30 years, household density in the residential unit, person density in the residential unit and the average room in the residential unit known as strategic and key variables in the future state of housing and two scenarios were identified as the most likely scenarios in the housing sector in the metropolis of Tabriz. In the first scenario, we will see a decrease in the infrastructure of housing units, a decrease in household density and individual density in a housing unit, and a decrease in the average number of rooms per housing, and an increase in units with a lifespan of fewer than 30 years. In the second scenario, we will see the stability of the infrastructure of housing units, the stability of household density and individual density in the housing unit, and the stability average of rooms in housing, and continue to increase housing with a lifespan of fewer than 30 years.
Conclusion
The results of the present study show that all quantitative indicators of the housing situation in Tabriz have been improved in the last 40 years and only a slight downward trend is observed in the average room index in each residential unit. We also see acceptable growth in housing quality indicators. Although the research results indicate an improving trend in housing quality and quantity indicators in the Tabriz metropolis, there is still a long way to reach the ideal housing conditions. Therefore, to achieve a better quantitative and qualitative status of housing in Tabriz metropolis, conduct comprehensive housing plan studies, employ housing specialists and professors to plan and policy in the field of housing, identify diverse population groups and consider all population groups, age and income and construction of housing in accordance with the needs of each group, using the experiences and studies of successful countries in the field of housing and their adaptation to demographic, cultural and economic conditions of the geographical area and more emphasis on effective housing indicators along with other indicators in housing planning and construction is suggested.
Urban Planning
Seyed Reza Azadeh; Jamal Mohammadi; Hamid Taher Neshat Dost
Abstract
Introduction In the present world and with the development of cities and urbanization, citizens’ mental health is at risk. In other words, rapid growth of the cities can be considered as one of the threats to the environment which influence the residents of the cities i.e. humans by devastating ...
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Introduction In the present world and with the development of cities and urbanization, citizens’ mental health is at risk. In other words, rapid growth of the cities can be considered as one of the threats to the environment which influence the residents of the cities i.e. humans by devastating effects on their soul and body. Studies have shown that the quality of the constructed life environments and urban neighborhoods affects the citizens’ mental health. If we accept that the quality of the constructed environments affects the mental health, in this physical environment housing plays an important role in the indicators of mental health, because people spend much of their time at home and their residential environment. With this approach, this research is mainly aimed at investigating the mutual relationship of different patterns of residential densities on the indicators of the citizens’ mental health in Mardavich neighborhood, Isfahan. Methodology The main goal of this research is investigating the mutual relationship between quantitative indicators of housing and the citizens’ mental health. In this regards, independent variables include different types of housing patterns, household density in the residential unit, and density of peoples living in a room. Depression and perceived stress are dependant variables of the research. For measuring people’s stress, perceived stress scale by Cohen et al. (1983) was used and for measuring depression, the second edition of depression questionnaire by Beck et al. (BDI-II) was used. The research population includes the households living in Mardavich neighborhood. Regarding the fact that no precise statistics were available, for filling the questionnaires, 250 questionnaires were distributed among the households and at the end, 231 correctly filled questionnaires were gathered. Results and Discussion One of the independent variables of the research is housing pattern. In this research, the respondents’ homes were analyzed in three classes including house, apartment, and high-rise residential complexes. The results showed that the average depression and perceived stress in houses and apartments are much lower than high-rise residential complexes. Statistically, there is an almost strong relationship between different housing patterns and mental health indicators. The second independent variable of the research is building density. The results of the present research showed that with the increase of building density, the average scores of depression and perceived stress also increase. Statistically, building density has a relationship with the variable of depression with the correlation coefficient of 0.518 and also, it has a relationship with perceived stress with the correlation coefficient of 0.464. The other independent variable of the research is the per capita residential land. The results of the present research showed that there is a negative relationship between the per capita housing and mental health indicators. Actually, with the increase of per capita housing and allocation of more land area to every individual, stress and depression will be decreased. Statistically, the correlations between the indicator of per capita housing and the dependant variables i.e. depression and perceived stress are respectively equal to 0.447 and 0.373. The forth independent variable of the research is the density of people living in a room. According to the obtained results, with the increase of people density in a room, depression and perceived stress will also increase. Statistically, people density in a room has a significant and positive relationship with depression and perceived stress with the respective correlation coefficients of 0.405 and 0.380. In the following, for investigating the fact that which of the independent variables has a stronger effect on perceived stress and depression, modeling of the changes of depression and perceived stress levels is done based on quantitative indicators of housing by stepwise linear regression. According to the results, significance level of F statistics for the indicators of perceived stress and depression is equal to 0.000 in the proposed models. This finding which is the result of regression analysis by variance analysis suggests that the research conceptual model has an appropriate goodness of fit. The results of perceived stress showed that for the changes of this indicator, we can propose a model based on the indicator of building density. It means that of the four independent variables, building density has the strongest effect on perceived stress. Finally based on the proposed model, building density can predict 47 percent of the changes of this indicator. According to the proposed models, the two indicators of building density and people density in a room are introduced as the predictive indicators of the variable of depression. Actually, the results of stepwise linear regression analysis for the variable of depression showed that two models can be proposed for the changes of this variable. In the first model, building density is the only predictive indicator which predicts 51.9 percent of the changes of depression. In the second model, the two indicators of building density and people density in room can respectively predict 42.6 and 16.7 percent of the changes of depression. Conclusion In general, it can be stated that all the independent variables of the research i.e. the quantitative indicators of housing have a significant relationship with mental health indicators i.e. depression and perceived stress. So, this research hypothesis which is consistent with many other works is approved and it suggests that there is a significant relationship between quantitative indicators of housing and mental health indicators. Therefore, by improving the quantitative indicators of housing, people’s mental health can be improved. This fact suggests that the communication between housing planning experts and psychologists should be strengthened more than the past in order to be able to control the negative effect of increased density on mental health indicators.
Urban Planning
Mohammad Reza pourmohammadi; shahrivar rostayi; ahmad asadi
Volume 23, Issue 67 , April 2019, , Pages 45-65
Abstract
Due to many different reasons, providing of vitality in urban centers have become the main concerns in developed countries especially in deteriorated areas. Creating vitality in deteriorated areas is one of the most important factors that affect the tendency of citizens to increase housing selection ...
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Due to many different reasons, providing of vitality in urban centers have become the main concerns in developed countries especially in deteriorated areas. Creating vitality in deteriorated areas is one of the most important factors that affect the tendency of citizens to increase housing selection in this area. The aim of this study is to evaluate the vitality of the deteriorated area and its relationship with the housing selection. This research was carried out by survey method and information was collected through observation, preparing necessary maps and questionnaires and SPSS software was used for analyzing them. The sample size is 365 households out of 7160 household living in deteriorated areas of the city. The research questions are: 1- Is the level of vitality in deteriorated area of Zanjan acceptable? 2- Do citizens like to housing selection in the deteriorated urban area? 3- Is there any relationship between the housing selection and urban vitality in the deteriorated area? Resulting data show that the both vitality and housing selection were moderate and acceptable, and there is a significant positive relationship between vitality and housing selection. The results of the regression analysis show that the variable of vitality indicates the 25% of the variance of housing selection. Therefore, according to this study that was carried out at Deteriorated neighborhoods, increasing vitality causes to increasing dwelling. Thus, the increase in vitality lead to high capacity of deteriorated areas.
Urban Planning
mohammad hasan yazdani; asgar pashazadeh; samira saeidi
Volume 23, Issue 67 , April 2019, , Pages 327-349
Abstract
Housing is considered the basic needs of every human being. Several programs by governments in the provision of housing for different groups, especially low-income classes is performed. In recent years, in order to meet the legitimate expectations and customary in the field of housing for low-income ...
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Housing is considered the basic needs of every human being. Several programs by governments in the provision of housing for different groups, especially low-income classes is performed. In recent years, in order to meet the legitimate expectations and customary in the field of housing for low-income groups, the government has adopted the policy of housing construction. Mehr housing project, the biggest national housing plan, which due to its expansion and new projects needs to review the results of this experience, is felt. The aim of this paper is to examine the satisfaction of residents of housing complexes Sham Asbi (Ardabil) is. The study method was descriptive-analytical and the data collection method was documentary and survey using questionnaires. According to by Morgan table sample size was estimated to be 200. To analyze of data with SPSS software was used. The output of the Chi-square test showed that there was a significant relationship between the variables employment status and satisfaction. Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is an inverse relationship between income and satisfaction. In addition, one-sample t test results testify to the satisfaction Sham Asbi residential area (Ardabil) is less than average and residents of the most physical criteria and the criteria of ownership are least satisfied with.
Urban Planning
mahla tayefi nasrabadi; Hosein Hatamei
Volume 22, Issue 66 , January 2019, , Pages 307-327
Abstract
The most important feature of the current urbanization era is population growth and cities development that the continuation of this, the growing need for bio-places and creating residential areas more than ever felt. On the other hand, due to the inertia of life, setting the economy as a principle and ...
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The most important feature of the current urbanization era is population growth and cities development that the continuation of this, the growing need for bio-places and creating residential areas more than ever felt. On the other hand, due to the inertia of life, setting the economy as a principle and the multiple mass construction in different parts of the urban context without paying attention to functional, psychic and mental needs of its future residents, with the purpose of overcoming the housing shortage problem, other problems will crystallize that the most important of them are hurting the family foundation and the community. According to this, creating stability in the housing sector and its planning in the direction of sustainable urban development is an important step in reducing the current instability which can arise through three basic criteria of social, economic and physical together. The aim of this study is measuring the housing sustainability indicators of the housing of region one of Mashhad municipality and help to promote these spaces through suggestions to make them more sustainable and extending it to similar areas. This research in terms of target is an applied research that has been done with descriptive-analytical method and based on library-documentary resources and surveys. The research statistical society is the people who lives in the region one of Mashhad that by using a Cochran formula, random sample consists of 384 people with questionnaire in SPSS software have been studied and analyzed by the one-sample T-Test. The research findings indicate that the housing of region one of Mashhad municipality in economic and physical criteria has somewhat stable conditions and in the social criteria has unstable conditions; As the most stable indicator of housing, having the facilities and the most unstable indicator, neighborhood relationships are known.
