Geomorphology
Davoud mokhtari; Fariba Hemmati
Abstract
Geo-tourism is a combination of geography and tourism. In this sense, geo-tourism encompasses biodiversity, cultural diversity, beautification, community-based tourism, and even local food movement, and homogeny and similarity are considered its enemies. Geo-tourism is a form of tourism which is defined ...
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Geo-tourism is a combination of geography and tourism. In this sense, geo-tourism encompasses biodiversity, cultural diversity, beautification, community-based tourism, and even local food movement, and homogeny and similarity are considered its enemies. Geo-tourism is a form of tourism which is defined to ensure the establishment and improvement of geographical features such as the environment, culture, landmarks and legacies and well-being of residents. With this approach, Deira catchment area in Gilangharb Township located in 215 km of Kermanshah, was chosen because of its natural resources for Geo-tourism assessment and was analyzed according to obtained data from library and literature studies and field studies using Pereira. Although the region attracts hordes of tourism annually, yet its economic position in tourism industry is not founded. In this research we try to assess Geo-tourism capabilities related to available landforms in the region in addition to identify geomorphological shapes and forms in the region and explore its features. The results of this study showed that the geomorphic location of Galin has high capability in the field of tourism attraction with 345/5 geomorphology value and managerial value of 5 in Deira catchment area. The geomorphological shapes and forms of the region have high capability in the field of tourism due to high ability in the field of geosciences education, and feature and attributes such as beauty, ease of access, and natural and cultural attractions.
Geomorphology
Bahram Melekmohamadi; Fatemeh Jahanishakib; Ahmadreza Yavari
Volume 20, Issue 56 , August 2016, , Pages 257-274
Abstract
In this study, for potential survey construction of wind power plants in the provinces of Khorasan Razavi and Northern different criteria and sub-criteria have been considered. To become fuzzy criteria are based on expert opinions and investigation done researches, control point and fuzzy function for ...
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In this study, for potential survey construction of wind power plants in the provinces of Khorasan Razavi and Northern different criteria and sub-criteria have been considered. To become fuzzy criteria are based on expert opinions and investigation done researches, control point and fuzzy function for each of the layers based on their membership gradation range of zero and one was determined in the IDRISI software. Then, according to the importance of integrating information, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for layers weighting was implemented by Expert choice software. Then, the software ArcGIS, was used to spatial analysis and overlapping layers, and after the analysis of information, Razavi Khorasan and North Khorasan province, in terms of capability the wind power plants building, divided into four levels: excellent, good, fair and poor. Finally, the results indicated that excellent are as for the construction of wind power plants in the study area are located in thesoutheast ofthe study area at Torbatjam station with an area exceeding 222565 .97 hectares (0.018 percent). In addition, good areas are located around the Taybad and Khaaf, Golmakan, Sarakhs, Roshtkhar, Bardaskan, Neyshaboor, Sabzevar, Bojnurd, Ferdows and Jajarm stations with an area exceeding 1817573 .81 hectares (0.17 percent). One cans that renewable energy of wind without any pollution could be utilized by the construction of wind power plants in the replaces ultimately.
Urban Planning
Abolfazl Meshkini; Mehdi Pourtaheri; Mostafa Norozi
Abstract
The concepts of quality of life and the quality of the environment is the action against the single dimension economic development at national level and physical development of urban scale. It merely is an effort to achieve quality standards in the urban board. Meanwhile the issue of quality in special ...
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The concepts of quality of life and the quality of the environment is the action against the single dimension economic development at national level and physical development of urban scale. It merely is an effort to achieve quality standards in the urban board. Meanwhile the issue of quality in special residential areas such as deteriorated textures, due to the their large population and building density and their lack of organic relation with urban structure, has more importance and complicacy in comparison with other residential areas. Accordingly, trying to understand the concept of the quality of environment, indicators and affecting criteria on the amount of quality of these textures are identified. Indicators used in this research by looking at the subjective quality of the urban environment are the product of individual perception and satisfaction of citizens from their environment life. The study area is located in Abkouh in the Mashhad Metropolis region 1 Having the fact, this research is practical and its methodology is based on descriptive and analytical research method. For the measurement of the amount of environmental quality indicators of satisfaction, T test, to determine the significant relationship between individual variables and environmental quality indicators-Chi-square test and to determine the intensity and direction of the correlation between them Kendall Tau and Kramer test were used in the SPSS software. The results of research show that the rate of satisfaction of environmental quality indicators in the study area is on the lower level. It also was clear that the satisfaction of quality of environment has been taken the greatest impact of three variables including٫ education level and duration of residence in Abkouh
Urban Planning
Akbar Kianni; Ahmad Raeisie
Abstract
Urban development caused by improper use of urban land and urban development has been sporadic. This issue cause approach formation as urban smart growth which aims giving regulate the development of cities. Accordingly in the present research to study how to develop physical in Fanouj city be discussed. ...
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Urban development caused by improper use of urban land and urban development has been sporadic. This issue cause approach formation as urban smart growth which aims giving regulate the development of cities. Accordingly in the present research to study how to develop physical in Fanouj city be discussed. In fact main objective of the research, growth determination strategies to prevent the "sprawl" of Fanouj and thus reduce economic costs due it is. The method of the present study, was a descriptive analytical based on a library study, documents and review of the field. in this context, data requirements regarding city development, distribution land use and increased costs economic development of the dispersed city, from authentic documents of the questionnaires were prepared and by the software Arc GIS and SPSS can be analyzed. The results of the review of the relationship between smart growth and reduce development costs, Based on t-test Showed that significant amount (Sig 0/000) with Less than the 0/01 is, can be safely 0/99 acknowledged that smart growth strategies on reduction of the cost of development Fanouj city will be effective. in case implementation smart growth strategies based on neighborhood conditions in Fanouj, costs economic and environmental destruction is reduced and causing increase environmental quality of life and citizens satisfaction his life environment will be.
Urban Planning
rahmat Mohammadzadeh; maliheh javidmehr
Abstract
Following the Iranian government's increasing attention to health care issues, a competitive business environment has been enhanced. This has led to increasing in importance of quality of health care service and levels of customer expectation from health care organizations as a consequence of improve ...
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Following the Iranian government's increasing attention to health care issues, a competitive business environment has been enhanced. This has led to increasing in importance of quality of health care service and levels of customer expectation from health care organizations as a consequence of improve of living standards in Iran. Finding a proper location to establish a new healthcare facility is one of the strategic decisions of managing health care facilities. Aforementioned decision could have a long-term impact on the performance of the health care facilities. Multiple criteria such as governmental requirements, business and competitive factors should be considered concurrently in the facility location decision. In this paper, facility location criteria for a new hospital in Tehran, Mashhad, and Tabriz cities based on the Delphi method and the Porter Diamond Competition Model have been determined. According to the nature of the problem, the analytical network process has been adopted to find the best location via considering a relationship between decision making criteria. Obtained results indicate a selection of Tehran as a best location for establishing a new hospital with a rank of 0.722. The other alternatives include Mashhad and Tabriz are standing in the next positions of the ranking without significant difference with ranks of 0.527 and 0.517, respectively. Infrastructure development and potential tourism opportunities usage are recommended based on the obtained results as a solution to improve the competitive position of Mashhad and Tabriz versus Tehran.
Climatology
mostafa karimi ahmad abad; Adel Nabizadeh
Volume 22, Issue 65 , November 2018, , Pages 265-285
Abstract
Now days ,in order to providing the best mecanisms to damp the impact of climate change , climatology scientists need long term prediction of climatical variables and their changes. This research studies the impacts of climate changes on daily parameters such as: rainfall , min and max temperature and ...
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Now days ,in order to providing the best mecanisms to damp the impact of climate change , climatology scientists need long term prediction of climatical variables and their changes. This research studies the impacts of climate changes on daily parameters such as: rainfall , min and max temperature and sunshine hours in Urmia lake basin. (Tabriz ,saqqez and Urmia synoptic stations) , selected as study stations , have long term gaged data for mitigation and Adabtation from 1980 to 2009. data prediction under as scenario A2 a type of GCM as HADCM3 model was used to simulate climatic parameters in 2011 to 2040 by LARS-WG model downscaled. Results show that prediction time distribution has been limited to short time in comparison to past decades .In other words the number fraindy days has been diminished , as far as in the future April will have the most decrease (7.5%) and February will have the increase (5.8%) in precipitation . overall , the precipitation max and min averay temperature of basin will increase about (4.3%) , (1.35 ) and (0.64 ) respectively in addition, November will have the most increase in daily max temperature (12.7) and January will have the least increase (0.33) in this parameter the sunshine hours of basin will not increase significantly .
Urban Planning
Hassan Mahmoudzadeh; Khalil Gholamnia; Saidmohamad Mousavi
Volume 22, Issue 64 , September 2018, , Pages 267-287
Abstract
The uncontrolled development of the city as a kind of risk arises. Drastic changes in land use around and inside the city limits of good land degradation and environmental pollution that can threaten human health and the environment. This research have taken place to predict the development of the City ...
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The uncontrolled development of the city as a kind of risk arises. Drastic changes in land use around and inside the city limits of good land degradation and environmental pollution that can threaten human health and the environment. This research have taken place to predict the development of the City of Sari and surrounding villages and to achieve the perfect result from satellite imagery of Landsat series (years 1365 and 1394) and layers of information such as distance to fault, distance from the river, distance from Energy lines, sensitivity of rock units, distance from roads, urban development modeling with logistic regression model was used. With using ROC the validity of the model was calculated 0.7603 that confirms the model probability results validity to predict urban growth. After mapping, the possibility of urban development and population growth prediction, two scenarios with historical approaches considering the normal development of the Environmental Approach to conserve forest, garden and water levels for the study area up to the year 1404 were defined and accordingly urban development in the direction lands was limited. According to calculations inside the city of sari within an area of 481.88 hectares and a population of over 50,507 people and in a range of 151.36 hectares outside the city a population of over 12805 people in 1404 will be added. According to results, the management needs to necessary urban and rural administrative measures to comply with environmental issues for urban and rural areas that will be added in the next 10 years.
Geomorphology
hosein nazm far; masud moradi
Abstract
Abstract Given the lack of information about the amount of snow in the highland area, the use of satellite imagery can be helpful in distributing of snow cover and resulted stream flow in water basins. The aim of this study is to investigate surface runoff at the Dehgalan basin ...
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Abstract Given the lack of information about the amount of snow in the highland area, the use of satellite imagery can be helpful in distributing of snow cover and resulted stream flow in water basins. The aim of this study is to investigate surface runoff at the Dehgalan basin outlet associate with changes in snow cover in the highlands of the basin. To this purpose the Values of runoff resulted from snowmeltin Dehgalan basin were simulated using snowmelt runoff model. In order to simulate, first climatic and hydrometric data were collected from Iran meteorological organization and Kurdestan Regional Water Co and then physical characteristics of basin include perimeter, area, and high zones were calculated using digital information. Climatic and hydrometric information were obtained from linked organizations. The ratio of basin snow cover was prepared by the SNOWMAP algorithm using 8-day snow cover products at the global scale bands of MODIS snow cover data from NASA site. The information that was essential for modeling were entered to model and simulating process was done according to the requirements of the particular specification of catchment. The assessment parameters that were used by model to evaluating the accuracy of the simulation included the coefficient of determination and volume differencing. The procedure of simulation of runoff resulting from snowmelt was conducted by calculateion necessary factors and parameters in the time period of December 2004 to April 2005. The results of simulation showed that snowmelt-runoff model was efficiently capable to simulating runoff from snowmelt in Dehgolan basin by 52% coefficient determination and volume difference of 2.23. The obtained correlation coefficient and difference of volume shows the mean accuracy of model in simulation of snowmelt- runoff in the basin. It could be caused by the physical characteristics of the basin. The results of this study showed that the operation of SRM model in study area as a coupled of mountainous and plain basin was less than mere mountainous basins.
Mojtaba Ghadiri Masoom; Mohammad Salmani; Mohammadjavad Ghassabi
Volume 18, Issue 50 , February 2015, , Pages 281-304
Abstract
The term “sustainable” is nowadays widely used in order to describe a world in which the human and natural systems could live together for a long time. Attention to this issue and the necessity to evaluate the ecological potential and economic, social, and cultural capacities in various topics ...
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The term “sustainable” is nowadays widely used in order to describe a world in which the human and natural systems could live together for a long time. Attention to this issue and the necessity to evaluate the ecological potential and economic, social, and cultural capacities in various topics especially in tourism forces the development planners to identify the sources from different dimensions and to a logical and right exploitation. Due to this necessity, the ecologic potential was evaluated by using the systematic method and the Makhdoum Model. Then, the socio-economic indices were rated using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the socio-economic capacities of the Khoor-o-iabanak tourism site were added to the previous layers using the ELECTRE model. Moreover, the bioclimatic comfort for tourism was calculated using the TCI model. In the final step the basic strategies for developing the tourism sector in the study region were offered by using the SWOT strategic planning model. Results show the region mentioned has high potential for tourism developments-especially for desert and ethnic-cultural tourism. Also, the preparation for tourism development in the region could be provided through logical and rational planning and with consideration of concepts and teachings of sustainable tourism.
Climatology
Reza Mokarian; Hossein Sedghi; Samira Nemati; Hossein Babazadeh
Abstract
Evaporation is the important factor that affects temperature, drought severity and water storage in the hydrological cycle and plays an important role on managing the water resources projects such as agricultural irrigation. Classification of datasets is useful for concisely system modeling purposes. ...
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Evaporation is the important factor that affects temperature, drought severity and water storage in the hydrological cycle and plays an important role on managing the water resources projects such as agricultural irrigation. Classification of datasets is useful for concisely system modeling purposes. By classification, a large number of datasets is reduced to a small number of groups. In the field of hydrological systems, classification of meteorological stations into homogeneous groups will be useful to consider a different scale of measure, which is suitable to each group. Such classification can lead to choice methods appropriate for each group for management of water resources in various regions. Classification will also be useful for prediction of events such as droughts. Moreover, in the case of estimating missing data, the corresponding data of the representative station determined using a classification technique can be successfully substituted (Raju and Kumar 2007). stations. Dikbas et al. (2011) applied the FCM method to classify the precipitation series and identify the hydrologically homogeneous groups in Turkish. Regional homogeneity test results showed that regions determined by the FCM approach are sufficiently homogeneous for regional frequency analysis. In the present study, the practical applicability of two classification methods, namely fuzzy c-means (FCM) cluster analysis and Kohonen artificial neural networks (KANN), is examined for grouping 97 evaporation stations in Iran into homogeneous groups. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. First, a description of the case study is presented. After introducing the applied methods, results obtained are presented and discussed and conclusion drawn.
Urban Planning
Hedayat Nouri; Ameneh Jovzi khamesluei
Volume 23, Issue 68 , September 2019, , Pages 285-305
Abstract
Study and recognition of the capabilities of geographic regions to create the systematic scientific fields to achieve better use of available resources for useful and sustainable agriculture development is necessity. The mountain structure of Fereydounshahr has been increase ...
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Study and recognition of the capabilities of geographic regions to create the systematic scientific fields to achieve better use of available resources for useful and sustainable agriculture development is necessity. The mountain structure of Fereydounshahr has been increase the important of geographical spaces of this field from the point of view of rural development and agriculture. Therefore, the main approach in this research is identifying and introducing the capabilities and limitations associated with land level for agriculture activities in the study field. This research could be part of a comprehensive land capability plan for sustainable agriculture development in field. In this study, the evaluation of land potential and the preparation of potential determination maps through the Geographic information system GIS based on the multi-criteria decision-making analytical approach (MCDM) has been carried out. Hierarchical analytic process (AHP) to weigh the criteria, and finally, weighted linear combination (WLC) method has also been used to integrate maps in order to achieve this result. The parameters were used in this study are topography including a digital elevation model and slope, soil characteristics including soil depth, soil texture, and soil gravel, as well as land use and land coverage. The results of the evaluation of the agricultural ability of the county show that 6.25% of the area is suitable, 6.15% of the land is relatively suitable, 12.88% of the land area is slightly suitable and 6. 88 % of the area is almost unsuitable. This is while 67.84% of the area is in full constraint for agricultural activity.
Geotourism
malihe golzadeh; mostafa mirabadi
Volume 23, Issue 67 , April 2019, , Pages 287-307
Abstract
Tourism and sport are considered one of the largest industries in the modern world, one of the most amazing services in the world, called Sports Tourism, and has many people around the world (Ayami Rad, 2010: 52). Sport tourism is considered one of the fastest sectors of tourism and has created a very ...
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Tourism and sport are considered one of the largest industries in the modern world, one of the most amazing services in the world, called Sports Tourism, and has many people around the world (Ayami Rad, 2010: 52). Sport tourism is considered one of the fastest sectors of tourism and has created a very strong competition among countries due to high incomes. Different countries are considering attracting this kind of tourism considering the type of tourism in the region and providing better facilities. . In this regard, the city of Tabriz is regarded as one of the most important provinces of the country due to its strategic location, such as having common areas with Azerbaijan, Armenia, Nakhchivan and Turkey. Climate diversity and topography with different perspectives (mountains, plains and deserts) have made this province one of the most important poles with a high potential for tourism and sport tourism in 2018, as the Organization of Islamic Cooperation in the 9th Conference of Ministers of Tourism of Islamic Countries Selected Tabriz as the Capital of Tourism of the Islamic Countries in 2018. Obtaining this title for the city of Tabriz and the country of Iran provides an opportunity due to the existence of various historical and historical monuments and tourism, as well as various indigenous and local sports and a long history of these sports by introducing these potential fields. Provides development of tourism and sport tourism by expanding national and international interactions. Sports that do not require much facilities and at the lowest cost can be provided by various people (children, youth, adults and even elderly) due to the many attractions that it has in the form of festivals, competitions and sports events, The tourists will attract a lot of sports from different cities, even by creating necessary platforms from different parts of the world to these festivals and competitions. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to study and analyze the current and future status of local indigenous games in the prosperity of tourism, especially sport tourism. Tabriz city.
Yosaf Ghavidel Rahimi
Volume 19, Issue 51 , April 2015, , Pages 289-309
Abstract
Abstract
In this research in a survey and analysis of daily maximum temperature data in 13 stations of Khuzestan Province on 21 May to 31 September 2010, the stations were classified into four clusters using the Ward clustering method. Clustering results demonstrated that Abadan and Bostan stations ...
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Abstract
In this research in a survey and analysis of daily maximum temperature data in 13 stations of Khuzestan Province on 21 May to 31 September 2010, the stations were classified into four clusters using the Ward clustering method. Clustering results demonstrated that Abadan and Bostan stations were the warmest stations in Khuzestan province and maximum temperature in Izeh is lower than other stations. Also, based on the average maximum temperature data a separate criterion for determining the super-hot temperatures was presented, i.e., the threshold of 47.17 degrees Celsius. Temporal sequence of warm temperatures occurrence in more than one day temperatures have created super heat waves. During studied time interval, five heat waves were identified in the Khuzestan Province. The warmest super heat wave between five super heat waves was a 4-daily super heat wave which occurred from 5 to 8 July and selected for synoptic analysis. Results of synoptic analysis for mentioned super heat wave proved that institution of a low pressure at ground level and high pressure dominance in middle levels to 500 hp and also the sever increasing in the thickness of the atmosphere that caused on warm air subsidence and abnormal warm air heating and reflow of the earth surface were regarded as dynamic-synoptic agents of super heat wave day occurrence. Analyzing of atmospheric temperature advection maps proved that interneal source of heat air to Iran and Khuzestan Province was hot and dry air advection from the Africa, Arabian Peninsula and Iraq. This process is the effective and creative agent of super heat wave that occurred in 5 to 8 July 2010 in widespread sections of Iran particularly in Khuzestan Province.
All other Geographic fields of studies , Interdisciplinary
farzad veisi
Volume 23, Issue 70 , March 2020, , Pages 299-327
Abstract
Immigration is one of the four key elements of demographic change and circular and seasonal migration of rural labor force into the city, one of the sources of income of rural households in some rural areas. This study intends to study and analyze seasonal and circular migration patterns of rural labor ...
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Immigration is one of the four key elements of demographic change and circular and seasonal migration of rural labor force into the city, one of the sources of income of rural households in some rural areas. This study intends to study and analyze seasonal and circular migration patterns of rural labor force to the cities. About purpose this study is applied, the method is analytical, Gathering data on the basis of documentary research and field study, in the field section, questionnaires and observation method was used. Based on documentary research and field data collection method in the field of questionnaires, observation method was used. The study population included all heads of rural households of Sarvabad County. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was carried out. according to the total number of households in the rural of sarvabad county, 324 samples were selected from a total statistical population and of 60 villages, 13 villages (20 per cent of villages in the city) randomly selected, in each village as well as an equal number of households selected to complete the questionnaire. By comparing the situation of migrants and non-migrants in 5 Asset of households in two parts, were found in three types of physical capital and human and financial capital, situation of immigrants are better than non-immigrants, and non-immigrants at the social and natural capital are better. The situation was better in the objective capital (capitals that can be seen) of immigrants. According to the results, it can be concluded that the circular and seasonal migration at the case study base on two pattern of coping and cumulative are in cumulative pattern.
Rural Planning
Seyed Hasan Motiei Langroudi; Mohammadreza Rezavani; Seyed Mortaza Noorbakhsh; Mohammad Akbarpour
Volume 19, Issue 52 , June 2015, , Pages 303-322
Abstract
Today the great number of emigrations and the villages getting evacuated from skilled and youth is a social- economical inexpressiveness in our country. Migration to condition development countries cause falter conditions to principle one the one hand and create E economic, Social and Cultural problems ...
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Today the great number of emigrations and the villages getting evacuated from skilled and youth is a social- economical inexpressiveness in our country. Migration to condition development countries cause falter conditions to principle one the one hand and create E economic, Social and Cultural problems to destination for cause non migration extra possibilities with measure migration. Literature Development Showing to Countries for Condition Development that Migration Village- Town have Placed Negation many on Zone Offset and Destination therefore to Duration Decades past to be Accomplished, many Efforts to set Recognition this Circumstances and Search Efforts of Direct Reduce this Difficult, that unfortunately in proof loss standpoint Guidance and Concrete not Accompaniment with Success. To Standpoint Guidance with Empathic Sustainable development one of Passes Reduce Migration of Village to Town to be Constant Quality Existence Population village inclusive Opportunity at Equation and Preservation Cultural Versatility, increase Collective Sense and citizenry, Opportunity to Quality and to Improve Quality life and type change Economic Activities that have introduced Gradation Quality life. This Paper with use Implement Honorific based in SWOT Model, Points Strength inner Weakness, Opportunities and Threats out to Compound Residences Villages central Zone solook Rural District Hashtroud Township making clear with Concrete vision, and Efforts Guidance have Showed to Direct Resolving of Problems in Migration to Villages Case Study. Consequence show can be to via development Interpret and also participation method to planes rural development also strengthening mentality and expansion motive grounds hopefulness to for village to strengthen to this way motive non migration to villages have strengthened.
Climatology
Elham Alizadeh; hossein mousavi; Jamshid Yarahmadi; Abdollah Faraji
Abstract
Introduction Climate change is one of the most important phenomena of the present century, which has created many problems and challenges both globally and regionally and nationally. In the second half of the twentieth century, global warming relative to The first half of this century has increased ...
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Introduction Climate change is one of the most important phenomena of the present century, which has created many problems and challenges both globally and regionally and nationally. In the second half of the twentieth century, global warming relative to The first half of this century has increased and it is predicted that this increase in temperature will continue in future periods, resulting in changes in the level of climatic conditions in different parts of the world. Due to the lack of atmospheric precipitation, due to the increase in temperature, the rate of evaporation has increased significantly and can greatly affect the aggravation of water shortage conditions in surface currents, especially evaporation from the surface of lakes behind dams. Percentage by evaporation leads the country to higher values (Farajzadeh and Ghasemifar, 1398). Regarding the changes in Iran's water resources in the horizon of 2100, few studies have been done and most have been case studies (Fahmi, 1393). Although the results of these studies, based on the climatic models and different scenarios used, sometimes show contradictions, so it is necessary to do more studies in this field. Methodology The present research has been done in three specific sections and the output of each section has been used as the input of the next section. In the first part, climate change in the form of precipitation variables in the study area is detected and subsequently, rainwater runoff in the Daryan catchment is simulated. Then, while identifying the characteristics of hydrological drought periods in the basin, the probability of occurrence, intensity and duration of hydrological drought periods are calculated based on the fit of different statistical distributions for different return periods in the third section. Results and discussion Climate change is one of the most important environmental problems of this century. Thus, evaluating the phenomenon of climate change and reducing its effects on both global and regional scales has attracted the attention of many researchers, planners and legislators (Yohe et al., 2007). Proper assessment of these effects requires the existence of climatic information with appropriate spatial distribution and long-term time series, as well as a thorough understanding of its future trends at the regional and local scale. Despite the fact that today the output of public circulation models (GCM) are the main sources of future climate data production. One of the most important consequences of climate change includes changes in the hydrological cycle and river flow regime of watersheds. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the possible effects of climate change on rainfall and runoff in the Daryan catchment area north of Lake Urmia. In this study, statistical method (SDSM) and data of CanESM2 Canadian climate model in the form of three scenarios RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 in order to micro-scale the precipitation data of five synoptic stations adjacent to the sea basin and changes Its future is used. Here, the basic period (1961-2005) and future periods (2049-2020), (2079-2050) and (2080-2100) were selected. In this research, the threshold level method has been used to identify hydrological drought periods and extract its characteristics. The results of the analysis of the last 35 years of hydrological droughts in the Daryan Basin showed that 44 drought events occurred in this basin, which in total, led to a reduction in surface flow volume of about 140 million cubic meters in this basin. Conclusion The simulation results of SWAT model showed that the annual average runoff of the sea basin in the first period (2020-49) in all three scenarios increases by 3.7 and 6%, respectively, compared to the base period. While in the rest of the periods of all scenarios, runoff reduction is predicted compared to the base period. Accordingly, a decrease in surface runoff compared to the base period is predicted for five months of the year (April to August) and an increase in the remaining months. Future changes in precipitation at Tabriz station, which is the basis for modeling runoff in the Daryan basin, are not very noticeable compared to the base period, and only in the period (2049-2020) all three scenarios are predicted to increase by 5, 2 and 8%, respectively, compared to the base period. In the other periods, in all three scenarios, a decrease in rainfall is predicted compared to the base period. Results of evaluating the effects of climate change on rainfall and surface runoff in the Daryan Basin with the results of other researchers in the catchment area of Lake Urmia, including: Goodarzi and Fatehifar (2010) in the Azarshahrchai Basin, Qaderpour et al. (2016), Dariane et al. (2019) ), Sobhani et al. (2015), Goodarzi et al. (2015) and Salehpour and Malekian (2019) are consistent.
Urban Planning
mahla tayefi nasrabadi; Hosein Hatamei
Volume 22, Issue 66 , January 2019, , Pages 307-327
Abstract
The most important feature of the current urbanization era is population growth and cities development that the continuation of this, the growing need for bio-places and creating residential areas more than ever felt. On the other hand, due to the inertia of life, setting the economy as a principle and ...
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The most important feature of the current urbanization era is population growth and cities development that the continuation of this, the growing need for bio-places and creating residential areas more than ever felt. On the other hand, due to the inertia of life, setting the economy as a principle and the multiple mass construction in different parts of the urban context without paying attention to functional, psychic and mental needs of its future residents, with the purpose of overcoming the housing shortage problem, other problems will crystallize that the most important of them are hurting the family foundation and the community. According to this, creating stability in the housing sector and its planning in the direction of sustainable urban development is an important step in reducing the current instability which can arise through three basic criteria of social, economic and physical together. The aim of this study is measuring the housing sustainability indicators of the housing of region one of Mashhad municipality and help to promote these spaces through suggestions to make them more sustainable and extending it to similar areas. This research in terms of target is an applied research that has been done with descriptive-analytical method and based on library-documentary resources and surveys. The research statistical society is the people who lives in the region one of Mashhad that by using a Cochran formula, random sample consists of 384 people with questionnaire in SPSS software have been studied and analyzed by the one-sample T-Test. The research findings indicate that the housing of region one of Mashhad municipality in economic and physical criteria has somewhat stable conditions and in the social criteria has unstable conditions; As the most stable indicator of housing, having the facilities and the most unstable indicator, neighborhood relationships are known.
Hkalil Valizadeh Kamran
Volume 18, Issue 49 , November 2014, , Pages 317-334
Abstract
The accurate estimation of potential evapotranspiration is very important in water source management, agriculture, forestry and pasture sciences. Recently using of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for accurate estimation has been developed and has showed good results. In this paper we estimate ...
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The accurate estimation of potential evapotranspiration is very important in water source management, agriculture, forestry and pasture sciences. Recently using of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for accurate estimation has been developed and has showed good results. In this paper we estimate potential evapotranspiration in eastern Azerbaijan by Estefnz method. For calculation of coming net radiation (Rs) we used DEMSRTM images and solar analyst in ArcGIS software for 31 May, 10-11 am. After calculation of slope and aspects through digital elevation model, net radiation was estimated. The average temperature calibrates for elevation was imported in equation. Final maps show that the amount of potential evapotranspiration is between 0~15 mm/hour. Northern aspect and areas with high temperature have the higher potential evapotranspiration. Elevation and aspects are important factors than other factors in potential evapotranspiration control in the study area. The amount of evapotranspirtaion is higher than precipitation and therefore it is better that agricultural activities move to higher areas
Urban Planning
Abolfazl Ghanbari
Abstract
Introduction Explaining resilience to threats is an understanding of how social, economic, institutional, political and executive capacities are significant in improving the resilience and identifying different dimensions of resilience in human societies. On the one hand, the ...
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Introduction Explaining resilience to threats is an understanding of how social, economic, institutional, political and executive capacities are significant in improving the resilience and identifying different dimensions of resilience in human societies. On the one hand, the type of attitude to the topic of resilience and its way of analysis, plays a key role in determining how well the current situation is and its causes, and on the other hand, it can play a fundamental role in the implementation of risk reduction policies and measures." The relationship between vulnerability and resilience becomes necessary when the issue under consideration is considered from the perspective of environmental risk studies. Therefore, the main question for many researchers in this field is whether resilience is opposed to vulnerability. Or is resilience a factor in vulnerability? And does vulnerability in a simple definition refer to the ability to lose or not? (Cutter, 1996)." Vulnerability and resilience concepts provide valuable conceptual frameworks and models for understanding how communities and human systems cope with environmental and social change (Adger, 2006). In the present study, considering the importance of analyzing the relationship between vulnerability and resilience among global research and the level of research conducted in the country, we try to examine the situation of these two concepts by applying a quantitative approach in the eastern shore of Lake Urmia. In this study, the eastern region of t Lake Urmia, including 8 counties: Azarshahr, Osko, Bonab, Tabriz, Shabestar, Ajabshir, Maragheh and Malekan, were selected as a study area.The study area is one of the most important and sensitive areas in East Azarbaijan province, which has been the focus of population and various economic activities. In addition, the eastern shore of Lake Urmia has been affected by ecological changes in recent years. Given that the main purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive and integrated approach to determining the state of vulnerability and resilience to natural hazards and disasters, therefore, in the first step, the study area from the perspective of environmental threats and disasters. Naturally, the resilience capacity of the region has been examined in the form of political divisions of the village and at the level of rural settlements. Therefore, the fundamental question of the present study can be posed in such a way that what is the relationship between environmental vulnerability and the resilience capacity of the region within the eastern shores of Lake Urmia? Methodology The research methodology is descriptive-analytic and its purpose due to application in to the local planning and rural development system is applied. By doing literature review, an innovative approach was introduced by combining quantitative methods of index basis and GIS in explaining the relationship between environmental vulnerability and regional resilience. Accordingly, two innovative index including Environmental Vulnerability Index (EVI) and Regional Resilience Index (RRI) were implemented. For the vulnerability assessment 8 criteria and for the resilience assessment 19 criteria were chosen. Discussion and results In research aimed at analyzing resilience, the most important issue to consider is vulnerability analysis and recognizing the threats ahead in order to identify resilience capacity and capabilities. As stated in the sections of the first article, the approach of resilience in the field of management and planning, and especially in crisis management, is in the stages of its evolution and evolution. From this point of view, in terms of concept, operation and application, it has problems and weaknesses that have been explained in the theoretical foundations section. According to the findings of the study (Cutter, 1996), reproduction due to environmental hazards, as well as hazards, hazards and disasters in nature have a spatial and geographical nature in nature, so its study from this perspective will be useful and beneficial. Many studies such as Cutter et al., 2008; Cutter, Burton, & Emrich, 2010; Rose, 2007) have tried to provide quantitative analytical models and operational frameworks for improving and enhancing the resilience of communities using appropriate indicators. The most important distinguishing feature of previous studies in the field of regional resilience assessment with the present study can be considered in the lack of consideration of spatial-spatial dimensions and the multi-spectral criteria used. In the present study, by emphasizing the spatial dimensions and combining the quantitative approach of decision-making approach, an attempt was made to examine the relationship between the two concepts of environmental vulnerability and regional resilience. In the present study, according to this principle in planning and management for crisis occurrence, first the type of threats and environmental hazards in the study area were described Then, using 8 selected criteria, the vulnerability situation was analyzed due to environmental hazards. The results of this part of the study indicate that 27% of the study area is located on the highly vulnerable class. Where the whole area of Azarshahr and Ajabshir is covered and many areas of Osko, Shabestar and Tabriz are also in the process of being damaged. Recognizing the vulnerability of the study area, it should be acknowledged that the southern and southeastern regions are in good condition and are in low-vulnerability classes. However, in the process of resilience measurement, which initially included three indicators of social resilience, access to communication infrastructure and resilience of building strength, and finally, by merging the three mentioned layers, the overall regional resilience index was obtained. The results of this process show that 43% of the total area of the region is in the desired state of resilience and 27% have less resilience to environmental hazards in the study area. The eastern shore of Lake Urmia is one of the equipped axes and development of large population centers in the province of East Azerbaijan and is also a bridge between other regions in the northwest of the country. Therefore, its vulnerability disrupts other regional functions as well. Therefore, the essence of the findings of this study is that this range is exposed to damage caused by environmental hazards. So that the drying of Lake Urmia affects the functions of human settlements in this region and if this trend continues, it will have irreparable effects on the environmental and human structures of this region. In addition, with the possibility of an earthquake in this area, one of the vulnerable areas of Tabriz metropolis and the surrounding rural settlements will be. Therefore, in order to prepare in advance, the resilience of local communities at the level of rural settlements is felt more than ever. Also, the study area, especially in the marginal areas of Lake Urmia in the cities of Azarshahr and Ajabshir against the dangers of floods is seriously vulnerable. Conclusion The results showed that 62% of the study area was in high vulnerability, with its spatial distribution pattern mainly in the center of the region and within the administrative limits of counties like: Azarshahr, Ajabshir and Osko. In contrast, 43% of the area has a high capacity of resiliency and 27% of the total area is in a low resilient situation. In addition, a total of 168 rural areas have been recognized in identified areas with a low resilience capacity.
Afsane Malekhoseyni; Aliasgar Mirakzadeh
Volume 19, Issue 53 , September 2015, , Pages 325-351
Abstract
Dam projects that affect people's basic rights violated by these projects, homes, farms, orchards and social affiliations have lost their culture. Dams impact on livelihoods, social and cultural systems and are often not explicitly given in the categories of dams and the benefits analysis is not addressed. ...
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Dam projects that affect people's basic rights violated by these projects, homes, farms, orchards and social affiliations have lost their culture. Dams impact on livelihoods, social and cultural systems and are often not explicitly given in the categories of dams and the benefits analysis is not addressed. Therefore considering worldwide development trend for dam construction, especially in Iran, the necessity of reviewal the socio-economic impacts of dam construction thus becomes apparent. Solymanshah dam was constructed in 2006 in the Sonqur city. The main purpose of research was analysis of socio-economic impacts of solymanshah dam on rural development in areas under irrigation and drainage network. Statistical population consisted of householders in rural that are under direct effects of dam (1273 member) 291 of whom were selected for Morgan table by using stratified sampling method with Proportional allocation. Composite Index (CI) and Moris mode were used for analysis of data. Results showed that the most important positive socio-economic impacts of dam on region includes addition in people's income via promotion in agricultural activities that have carried out by dam, development of agricultural lands, interance of tourism in the region and the development of rural tourism. In addition in people's income via nonagricultural occupations, the development of rural roads and the improvement of communication, addition are added to economic worth of farm lands, and the revival of green and enjoyment landscapes of villages. Also the results showed that the most important negative socio-economic impacts of dam on region included: loss of socio-cultural attachments (memories, mosques and religion places, the upset of customary land in Villages, sinking grave ancestors), distortion of some part of high quality farm lands, distortion of rural houses, losing the first job for many of the villagers especially farming, the lose of adult fruit trees and worthwhile gardens and seizing of villager’s land with low prices. The results also showed that between 12 villages which were directly under irrigation and drainage network of the dam, Soleimanshah and Joubkabod Olya were under development and other were loss developed. Also results showed that two villages of Ghiasabadi and Qorveh less than others have enjoyed the benefits of dam construction.
Volume 18, Issue 49 , November 2014, , Pages 1-351
Rural Planning
Yousef ghanbari; Razieh Rahimi; hamid barghi
Abstract
Introduction According to villagers' perspective on creative tourism, the common definition is that local residents should be proud of the creative space of the village, accept active participation in tourism development programs, and have an appropriate hospitality with regard to tourism. The purpose ...
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Introduction According to villagers' perspective on creative tourism, the common definition is that local residents should be proud of the creative space of the village, accept active participation in tourism development programs, and have an appropriate hospitality with regard to tourism. The purpose of this perspective is not considering local residents as a tourist destination and not assuming that only tourists can achieve a notable evaluation of the local creative space. Instead, residents should be considered as a group having an understanding of the originality of the creative space in their living place which will explain their attitude to the environment and be better hosts for tourists. In other words, tourist destination should not be regarded as a commercial package being sold to the tourist and causing destruction in the space (i.e. the sold out products). Cultural and legal discourse, as well as the attitudes and perceptions of the residents should be considered in this package. Preserving the natural environment of the living place is one of the concerns of residents in the villages of Iran and they expect tourists to pay more attention to creative tourism (cultural tourism, village tourism, etc.) to protect the natural environment and consider other aspects. In addition, the status of host and the areas with better acceptance are of great importance in the villages of Isfahan province, being visited by many tourists. In this regard, the present study pursues two main objectives. The first goal is to cluster tourism villages based on behavioral and environmental factors and the second goal is to investigate the effectiveness of behavioral and environmental factors on hospitality by residents being tested using the structural equation approach. Methodology The present study was survey in terms of method. The main tool was a questionnaire in which the scoring method was adjusted based on five-option Likert scale ranging from very high to very low. Amos software was used for modeling and k-means clustering analysis was used for separating the target villages. The obtained data were displayed in the Scatter plot. The statistical population included the residents of the target villages of Isfahan province. A number of 187 subjects were selected using the convenience sampling method and the questionnaires were distributed randomly. Results The items related to "villagers’ attitudes" variables were higher than the average. In variable "participation", the items of participation in environmental preservation, participation in guidance, and interaction with tourists had a good average. In variable "perception ", all items gained a good average. In variable "physical infrastructure", the status of the target villages was acceptable and finally, the villagers were satisfied with hospitality. The results of clustering indicated that the villages of plain region (hot climate) including "Mesr, Garmeh, Bayazeh and Qortan" were placed in cluster 1 (higher average) and the villages of mountainous region including "Abyaneh, Asfarajan, Khafr and Nashlaj, Abyaneh" were placed in cluster 2 (lower average). Scatter plot indicated that environmental factor improved the behavioral factor. The coefficient of determination (R2) revealed that 79% of behavioral factor was explained by environmental factor and there was a good correlation between environmental and behavioral factors. Conclusion In summary, the research model suggested that if two factors of behavioral and environmental in the village have creative features, they will affect the hospitality by villagers. In addition, the effect of behavioral factor was reported. In other words, perception, attitude, and participation of villagers are good predictors for the realization of hospitality. However, the role of environmental factor was highlighted. Furthermore, the environmental features of villages such as cultural, physical and environmental space had a serious effect on hosting tourists. The maximum average of creative hospitality variables was reported in the eastern villages of Isfahan province (Plain region with hot climate) and the villages of Mesr, Garmeh, and Bayazeh had the best conditions. Such results can be interesting for researchers in behavioral geography. Considering the behavioral factor and rural originality will significantly improve the hospitality by villagers and the interaction with tourists. The importance of the present study on this point indicated that no negative effect was found on damaging the rural originality and identity in the target villages of Isfahan, being visited by a large number of tourists.
Urban Planning
Hassan Mahmoudzadeh; Mostafa Mahdavifard; Majid Azizmoradi; zanjani zanjani sani
Abstract
Introduction
Urbanization as a revolution in human culture has transformed human interactions with one another. As the urbanization population grows, the use of the environment is intensified. Studies have shown that increasing population and expanding urbanization are turning urban green spaces into ...
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Introduction
Urbanization as a revolution in human culture has transformed human interactions with one another. As the urbanization population grows, the use of the environment is intensified. Studies have shown that increasing population and expanding urbanization are turning urban green spaces into rough and impermeable concrete surfaces, and this trend is especially serious in developing countries and the Third World. Since urban growth is a complex phenomenon in which a number of variables interact nonlinearly, the use of ANNs to model urban development and growth is perfectly reasonable. Artificial neural networks with nonlinear mapping structure have been developed for modeling interconnected systems such as the brain consisting of neurons. The artificial neural network is independent of the statistical distribution of data and does not require any specific statistical variables, so this feature facilitates the combination of remote sensing data and GIS. Currently, remote sensing science is changing a fundamental paradigm in which one- or two-image interpretation approaches pave the way for a wide array of data-rich applications. These improvements are facilitated by the GEE Satellite Image Processing System. The purpose of this research is to introduce a new system (GEE), to investigate and analyze this web portal, its application in monitoring and evaluation of human habitat changes (GHSL) and to map the relationship created using MLP model to predict physical development changes in Tabriz.
Materials and Methods
In this study, the Google Earth Engine (GEE) satellite image processing online system was used to process and extract the global GHSL product, and then the MLP model of Terset was used to predict changes.
Results and Discussion
In this study, it was attempted to analyze and analyze Landsat satellite images in a few minutes in order to prepare physical development map of Tabriz city without using hard data and to predict future development changes using the data available in Google Inheritance Satellite Image Processing System. Physically measure the city using the MLP model. GEE online processor has been able to map the growth of urbanization in the Tabriz city over the past six years. With the increase in urbanization over the past 40 years in the city of Tabriz, we have seen the destruction of about 38% of gardens and agriculture in the city, and even this system of rapid population growth in recent years (2014) on the outskirts of Tabriz as the main center of recent earthquakes.
Conclusion
It has shown the city of Tabriz and is also witnessing a growing trend towards physical development of the city in this part of Tabriz. The results of the MLP model show that the physical development of Tabriz in the future is northeastward and on the outskirts of Mount Aoun bin Ali.
Urban Planning
Hamid Alipor; hassan fathizad; Mohammad Akhvan Galibaph; Fanhime Arabei Ali Abad
Abstract
One of the main strategies to achieve the forestry objective and to minimize the environmental crisises, planning use of the forest by taking a natural ability is for users desired. In this research, using the Analytic Network Process (ANP), the criteria of ecological, economic and social, in the BOCR ...
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One of the main strategies to achieve the forestry objective and to minimize the environmental crisises, planning use of the forest by taking a natural ability is for users desired. In this research, using the Analytic Network Process (ANP), the criteria of ecological, economic and social, in the BOCR structure frame work in forest habitat of Jouzk-darekhsh (Northern Khorasan) were evaluated and prioritized. The results showed that the sub network of profits with a total weight of 0.55 is located in first priority and sub network of risks with total weight 0.07 in the last priority. In sub network of earnings, revenue increase was in the first priority and the first priorities of the risks sub network also was allocated public acceptance. Among the strategic criteria also social criteria were to assign high weight (0.49) and then economic criteria weighing 0.31 and ecological with weighting 0.19. Finally the results showed that ecotourism options with a total weight of o.62, protection with a total weight 0.19 and option exploitation of ancillary products with a total weight 0.18 respectively in the priority first, second and third. According to the results, the forest can be pushed to the client-side tourist undoubtedly made an impact in preventing the destruction of all the fields, employment and public participation, public participation and respect for the policies followed by the increase in the residents of the area, helping to prevent migration to urban areas and overall development of villages surrounding the forest area will be followed.
Rural Planning
Davoud Mahdavi; Abdolreza Roknoddin Eftekhari; Hamdollah Sojasi Gheidari
Volume 20, Issue 56 , August 2016, , Pages 275-300
Abstract
In recent decade, tourism especially in rural area has important role in economic diversification and natural and historical- cultural heritage preservation. The available historical- cultural heritage importance in rural area as a civilization heritage has a special situation and it causes to attract ...
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In recent decade, tourism especially in rural area has important role in economic diversification and natural and historical- cultural heritage preservation. The available historical- cultural heritage importance in rural area as a civilization heritage has a special situation and it causes to attract many of tourists to these kind of potential destination. So, take advantages of these potential destination needs to design appropriate strategies and specific areas of the tourism planners and managers. Therefore, this study has aimed to develop strategy for the sustainable development of rural tourism and in this case study tried to answer the fundamental question that what is the appropriate strategy for sustainable tourism development in rural area where has historical -cultural potential? Accordingly, the present study by using of descriptive- analytic and survey methodology and SWOT technique, QSPM assessment matrix, has presented the appropriate strategies in three dimensions of rural community as participators, tourists and administrators in seven historical-cultural rural area. For data analyzing and presenting appropriate and comprehensive strategy for rural tourism development, had been use of SWOC analytic method. According to the obtained results from the sample communities, the defensive strategy had been selected as a central strategy for rural tourism development in case study of rural area.
