Urban Planning
ataollah zarafshan; Mohammadreza Pourmohammadi; Esmail Nasiri; Seyyed Mahdi Moasa Kazemi
Abstract
Introduction Changes in urbanization after the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of modernism in urban planning have destroyed the traditional elements and structures of cities, and functional zoning has replaced the organic system and functional diversity of cities and urban neighborhoods. Based ...
Read More
Introduction Changes in urbanization after the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of modernism in urban planning have destroyed the traditional elements and structures of cities, and functional zoning has replaced the organic system and functional diversity of cities and urban neighborhoods. Based on this division, a special space was provided for each of the city's functions so that their performance did not interfere with each other and did not disturb each other. Because cities are complex, complex, and multifunctional systems, limiting them to four functions and separating them through segregation and zoning has reduced the efficiency of cities and thus imposed many problems on cities. Following the criticism of this model, postmodern urbanism was introduced, in which a kind of nostalgia for the past, lost truth, and the search for the lost meaning can be seen. Postmodernists are interested in mixing urban lands to enliven urban neighborhoods, emphasizing pluralism. Today, land use - the immediate vicinity of homes, places of activity and services in buildings, neighborhoods of mixed use and urban areas - has become an important principle for the good urban shape in the 21st century. In Iran, with the beginning of developments in the second half of the twentieth century, the city went out of its traditional form and took a step towards renewal and expansion. In the meantime, the city of Tabriz, as one of the most important historical cities in the country, has not been deprived of these developments. In this city, in addition to the traditional textures that have undergone changes, new areas have also been built around the criteria of modern urban designs. Poverty zones have also been added to the city without any plans. At present, it seems inevitable to return to the traditional concept of a neighborhood in order to achieve a sustainable and sustainable human city. Given the importance of this issue, this research firstly wants to measure the level of land use mix in different residential areas of Tabriz in the current situation and secondly it wants to know whether mixing land use in urban areas can be an incentive for pedestrians be on top of most residents? Methodology The type of research in this paper is practical and its review method is analytical-comparative. The data collection method has been performed both in the library and in the field. To measure the mixing of land uses, first, urban land uses in the study areas were classified into six categories: 1) residential land uses, 2) commercial land uses, 3) administrative and law enforcement land uses, 4) Cultural uses and leisure, 5) General uses such as educational use, health use and 6) Other uses. Then, through the entropy index and the Atkinson index, the amount of mixing in each of the three tissue tissues was calculated. Also, 588 people were selected using the Cochran's formula and the necessary information was collected through a questionnaire to collect the level of desire to access each user on foot in the neighborhoods of the study areas. The instrument for measuring the questionnaire was a 7-item questionnaire that included a five-item Likert scale that assessed respondents' views on how much they wanted to access different uses on foot. Finally, the relationship between the degree of desire to access pedestrians and the level of mixing of users through Pearson correlation coefficient was evaluated. Results and discussion Based on the two main components of this research, namely pedestrian and mixed use, the neighborhoods of traditional, modern and unplanned textures in Tabriz metropolitan area were compared, the results of which revealed many differences between different neighborhoods. According to the calculation of the Entropy index and the Atkinson index, the average land use mixed in traditional texture neighborhoods is 0.673 and 0.588, respectively; This indicates that land use mixed is more common in traditional neighborhoods than in modern and unplanned textile neighborhoods. Of course, there is a large gap between the use of mixed among the neighborhoods of traditional textures. The difference between the Entropy Index and the Atkinson Index in calculating the mixing rate is that the Atkinson Index shows a gap between the higher availability and changes in the ranking of some neighborhoods. In examining the relationship between the tendency of pedestrians to access the required land uses and the level of mixing of land uses in different contexts, different results were obtained. The result was a very high correlation between the two variables of mixed use and the tendency to access pedestrians in traditional tissue neighborhoods, but this correlation is less common between modern tissue and unplanned neighborhoods. Thus, neighborhoods of traditional textures, despite their physical problems (such as wear and tear, lack of proper infrastructure), are still considered human-oriented neighborhoods where the human scale prevails. Conclusion The results of this study are in line with most of the research conducted in this field, with the exception of one case mentioned in the background of the research. Jun and Hur believe that despite the strengthening of the centralized sidewalk with increasing land use mixing, other variables such as the prevailing social and economic conditions, such as poverty and insecurity, could affect the relationship between land use mix and the central sidewalk. In general, it can be noted that this research can have a small but important contribution to the impact of physical elements on the social environment. However, according to the dimensions of the study area, its findings cannot be generalized. Because multiple and complex factors can affect the level of social behavior of neighborhood residents. Therefore, various variables such as social, economic, and political factors can be studied in relation to the effect of the physical environment on the social behavior of citizens
Climatology
Atefeh Shahmohammadi; Ali Bayat; Saeed Mashhadizadeh Maleki
Abstract
Introduction Today, the unfavorable weather conditions are one of the critical problems in the world's major cities, which have many harms to humans and the environment. Nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide are important air pollutants. Nitrogen dioxide is a reddish-brown gas with a pungent odor. ...
Read More
Introduction Today, the unfavorable weather conditions are one of the critical problems in the world's major cities, which have many harms to humans and the environment. Nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide are important air pollutants. Nitrogen dioxide is a reddish-brown gas with a pungent odor. The most important human resources producing this pollutant are car exhaust and fixed sources such as fossil fuels, power plants, incinerators, and home heating appliances. In addition to human resources, nitrogen oxides are also produced by bacteria, volcanoes, and lightning. The city of Tabriz is one of the metropolises of Iran, and the increase in the population of the city, motor vehicles, consumption of fossil fuels, industrial activities, and improper use of heating devices and the existence of industrial factories has increased energy consumption in this city and many problems. It has created an environment for the residents of this city. The purpose of this paper is to study the trend of nitrogen dioxide as an indicator of air pollution from OMI data using linear fit after eliminating significant rotation periods on the time series of the average monthly nitrogen dioxide for the city of Tabriz. Methodology In this study, the nitrogen dioxide data measured by the OMI satellite sensor and the wind data, the surface temperature and the horizontal visibility measured with the synoptic station during the years 2004 to 2016, contaminated with airborne nitrogen dioxide emissions in Tabriz city is being investigated. The seasonal mean and nitrogen dioxide, temperature, wind, and horizontal visibility, as well as the correlation between nitrogen dioxide and meteorological data, have been investigated to better understand the changes in air pollution. To understand the properties and behavior of the functions, they can be examined in frequency space. Least square spectral analysis can be used to investigate non-distant time series. Statistical tests can also be performed until the periodic intervals obtained from the spectral analysis are statistically validated. After the formation of the time series, the average monthly nitrogen dioxide level between the 2004 to 2016 intervals was observed using spectral analysis of least squares of periods of four, six, and twelve months, which were also statistically significant. To calculate the nitrogen dioxide trend, significant components are eliminated from the time series. After eliminating the significant components of the four, six, and twelve months of the nitrogen dioxide time series, the trend is calculated using linear fit on the remaining time series. Results and discussion The results showed that the highest amount of nitrogen dioxide occurs in cold season and the lowest amount in hot seasons. The average nitrogen dioxide content in the spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons was equal to 2.13, 1.90 ×, 3.88 × and 5.36 × molecules per cm2 and its mean value was calculated at 2.84 × molecules per centimeter square. Also, the highest amount of standard deviation of nitrogen dioxide occurs in winter, 10.4 and its lowest value in summer, 0.97 The study of temporal, wind, and horizontal visibility of Tabriz city for the measurement period 2004 to 2016 shows that nitrogen dioxide and temperature have a relationship. So that nitrogen dioxide has the highest amount in the early and the late months of the year when it is cold, and vice versa. 96 percent of the winds of the city of Tabriz have a speed of less than 0.5 meters per second, so called quiet winds and the prevailing winds of the eastern and northeastern cities. The correlation coefficient of nitrogen dioxide with wind and temperature was -0.49 and -0.32, respectively, indicating a greater significance of wind in the variation of this pollutant. One of the simplest ways to check the air quality is horizontal visibility. The correlation coefficient of nitrogen dioxide with horizontal visibility for Tabriz city is -0.09 and its value has not been significantly different during the year. The amount of nitrogen dioxide in each year for Tabriz was 1.05 × molecules per cm2. Conclusion Paying attention to the quality of life and environmental issues in the city of Tabriz is very important due to population growth and increasing urban life. Air pollution caused by nitrogen dioxide in the cold seasons of the year was mostly due to temperature inversion. As a result, what plays a significant role in air pollution in this city is the increase in urbanization, the development of factories, and the excessive use of fossil fuels, power plants, and motor vehicles. Therefore, adequate measures must be taken to reduce air pollution in order to maintain the health of citizens and the environment. One of the factors reducing air pollution is green space, and the city of Tabriz does not have a great green space, so the lack of green space in this area is strongly felt and is very small compared to international standards.
Urban Planning
mahdi abdoalahzadeh; Mohammad Rahim Rahnoma; Mohammad Ajzae shokohi
Abstract
Introduction Having knowledge about spatial form of city is one of the important factors affecting the success rate of urban planners and practitioners, and it helps improving urban environment. In the present research, we are trying to evaluate spatial – physical growth pattern of Tabriz metropolis ...
Read More
Introduction Having knowledge about spatial form of city is one of the important factors affecting the success rate of urban planners and practitioners, and it helps improving urban environment. In the present research, we are trying to evaluate spatial – physical growth pattern of Tabriz metropolis using quantitative methods. Methodology The current research is descriptive – analytical and practical approach in terms of nature and method, so that, using survey, documentary and library studies, data were firstly gathered and studied, and then physical – spatial form of Tabriz city growth was calculated using quantitative methods (metropolis size, density, aggregation degree and balanced distribution). Results and Discussion The results of the research show that Tabriz metropolis is facing an imbalanced growth pattern. Conclusion lack of balance was created between the increase of city area and population growth which caused the city to be formed greater than what it is determined to be.
Urban Planning
Somayeh Alipour; abolfazl meshkini; Mohsen Ahadnejad roshti
Abstract
Introduction Housing is not just a shelter, but a set of physical elements and human values for life. Housing and shelter are the cornerstone of building human communities because they are the main building blocks of cities. The concept of suitable housing should be sought not only in physical and physical ...
Read More
Introduction Housing is not just a shelter, but a set of physical elements and human values for life. Housing and shelter are the cornerstone of building human communities because they are the main building blocks of cities. The concept of suitable housing should be sought not only in physical and physical dimensions, but also in terms of its biological, cultural, social, security and economic needs. The issue of housing is one of the challenges and problems that urbanization has long been facing and is not only as a basic human need, or because of its strong link with other aspects of life but also due to its complexity and multifaceted nature, the center of attention is a variety of scientific disciplines. After food and clothing, housing is the third most important need of the community, which is important for the preservation of the individual and society. It is one of the most important human needs in the stage of responding to the basic needs of society and one of the most essential needs of a person and somehow one of the rights The primary is the human being that is planning to meet this basic need of citizens from the tasks that governments have put in place. Housing relative to other goods due to characteristics such as the inalienability of being capital, durable, costly and immovable cannot be a major factor in inequality and yet social solidarity. Housing ownership is a clear indication of the improvement of living standards. Methodology The type of research, applied-development, and according to the research objectives, is the analytical -descriptive nature. The statistical population of the research is Karaj city and its 120 neighborhoods. Data collection is also done by reviewing the available resources and articles and the detailed information of the Population and Housing Census of the Statistics Center, especially the data of the housing sector in 2011. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing in Karaj city were extracted from raw data and then comparative comparisons were made with global standard indicators (Hebiate). Integrated indexes were also obtained from the data and analyzed in the process of work. Data analysis and analysis has also been performed using a multi-criteria decision making model to select or prioritize. In this process, the multi-criteria decision making models and SANNA-based system for prioritizing or ranking 120 neighborhoods based on quantitative indices And a qualitative analysis that has been adapted to the status of the study area. A decision with multiple criteria for MCDM is a topic that addresses decision-making processes in the presence of different and sometimes contradictory criteria. Despite the widespread use of those common concepts, there are all issues. Each issue can have multiple goals or multiple criteria. Criteria may conflict with each other. Different goals and criteria may also vary in measuring scales. This method is capable of handling discrete criteria of both quantitative and qualitative in nature and provides complete ordering of the alternatives. Results and discussion In this part of the study, the findings are presented, as well as their evaluation and evaluation. The findings of the research on housing information in 120 neighborhoods of Karaj with qualitative and quantitative indicators of the global governor and in line with the study area were carried out by survey of population and housing census statistics for 2011 in Karaj. Indicators of the indicators include: household size, population density in residential unit, number of household densities in residential unit, average density of room in residential unit, density in room, average density of room in unit, average room of each household and area. Qualitative indicators such as property type, low housing, leasing, ownership, infrastructure, facilities, facilities, and type of building structure. After selecting the indicators, they are ranked in order of importance and using the opinions of the experts in the field of housing and the importance of each of the following criteria is determined according to the subject of the research. In the following, using a ranking model that has the ability to integrate a large number of criteria with each other, the model used is the ELECTRE III model, one of the MCDM models based on SANNA software. Conclusion The analysis and analysis of the findings with the model process and the ranking of 120 neighborhoods finally showed that the neighborhood 4 of the 5th zone is ranked first in terms of quantitative and qualitative indicators. In the next ranking, the neighborhood 5 is from the 5th district and the third rank 2 is the 2nd area. Which ranked first to third. At the end of the ranking, neighborhood 2 is also from area 11. In a general conclusion, it can be said that in the ranking of each neighborhoods and the regional integration of the district 5 in the first place and the first and second regions with a small difference in the next rank in terms of quantitative and qualitative indicators. Also, the findings show that there is a significant difference between neighborhoods of Karaj city and neighborhoods in a region, which indicates that the neighborhoods with appropriate and inappropriate analgesics are in line with each other in terms of the indicators. Since Karaj is a migratory metropolis and is growing every day without planning, we are witnessing the setting up of weedy or weaved textiles of very low quality near the neighborhoods with the principles of engineering construction, which requires serious attention to this area. And balancing between neighborhoods. In this regard, suggestions are made: Residential land supply with respect to urban plans, support for the restoration of worn-out housing, the application of decentralization policies and the prevention of inadequate growth and preparation policies as a fundamental approach and in providing housing for different classes. People, adopting optimal technologies for professional construction, etc., which can be a good way to get out of housing problems.
Urban Planning
Amer Nikpour; Morteza Rezazadeh; Fatemeh Allahgholitabar Nesheli
Abstract
Introduction One of the most important urban problems is the formation of a phenomenon called urban poverty. Urban poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon, and urban dwellers suffer from many disadvantages, including lack of access to employment opportunities, housing and infrastructure, lack of social ...
Read More
Introduction One of the most important urban problems is the formation of a phenomenon called urban poverty. Urban poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon, and urban dwellers suffer from many disadvantages, including lack of access to employment opportunities, housing and infrastructure, lack of social security, and access to personal health, education, and security, urban poverty is not limited to these characteristics and refers to unstable conditions, which can lead to vulnerabilities and disability. Living in impoverished cities means an economy that is produced to survive. Urban poverty is the transmission of a huge economic shock that usually occurs through the labor market and job loss. Poverty scope should be defined as the spatial representation of poverty in urban areas. Today, in trying to achieve human development, measuring and determining urban poverty is an issue that is pursued in policy-making and human development management in many countries, and this requires the adoption of scientific methods, especially in the geographical determination of urban slums and it’s through the use of statistical methods and the definition of appropriate indexes to determine the different dimensions of urban poverty. Therefore, in this study, while trying to define urban poverty and its main dimensions, we try to obtain an accurate knowledge of the geographical features of urban poverty and its dimensions in the study area. Methodology The present type of research is applied and in compiling this research, documentary method, library study to collect existing views, theories and experiences and descriptive-analytical method to study the spatial pattern of poverty in Babol have been used. The data used from the statistical blocks of 1390 were obtained from the Statistics Center of Iran. GIS software has been used to extract and classify the data of this research. In this study, 25 indexes related to urban poverty have been used in two levels of neighborhoods and urban blocks. The indexes used in this study are examined in three economic, social and physical dimensions. In order to identify poverty zones, the desired indexes were first calculated at the level of statistical blocks. Then, all statistical blocks were examined according to the desired field through Hot Spot Analysis tool from Spatial Statistics Tools and based on it, spatial analysis of urban poverty indexes was performed on the scale of statistical blocks. Results and discussion Spatial analysis of urban poverty: The economic dimension of poverty The results of spatial analysis showed that the spatial distribution of the city did not have a specific order. The central part of the city, especially neighborhoods 6, 16 and the western part of the city (neighborhood 15) are in the most favorable conditions in terms of economic welfare. In contrast, the north-west and southeast of the city suffer from widespread poverty. The findings also show that more than 23% of the city's population is in relative poverty and 1.7% is in absolute poverty, with a population of 19,5880 in 19.4% of the city's area. In general, the population living in poor economic conditions and experiencing some form of poverty is slightly higher than those in relative or absolute welfare. The social dimension of poverty The findings show that more than 36 percent of the city's area is socially poor and relatively poor, accounting for about 29.9 percent of the city's population. Spatially, this amount of population often resides on the northeastern, southern and southwestern margins of Babol. Like the economic dimension of poverty, in the social dimension, the central districts of the city are in a better position than in other areas; In contrast, neighborhoods No. 22, 19, 18 and 5 (Map No. 3) are among the neighborhoods with high poverty rates. The physical dimension of poverty The results showed that the southern and northeastern margins of the city, such as economic and social dimensions, are in unfavorable conditions. In terms of spatial dominance, neighborhoods 19, 18 and 11 are in poor physical condition. In contrast, neighborhoods 6, 8, 16 and 13, which are located in the central part of the city, are in relatively good condition. On a city scale, more than 35 percent of the city's population lives in areas of the city that have relative or absolute physical poverty. This population lives in 45.4% of the city's area. The final pattern of urban poverty The final model of poverty to identify the main areas of poverty in the city of Babol is the result of spatial integration of 25 indexes in the three dimensions of economic, social and physical. The results showed that small areas of poverty can be seen in the northern and northwestern areas of the city, but the main areas of poverty can be seen in the northeastern, southeastern and western areas. Poverty in the city of Babol has a population of 47,140, or 35.2% of the total population. In terms of area, these areas cover more than 43% of the total area of the city. In contrast, most of the city's central areas, such as neighborhoods 6, 8, and 16, are in good economic, social, and physical condition. It should be noted that only 28.3% of the city's population and 21.34% of the city's area are in good condition, which indicates that most of the city's space is facing many problems in various economic, social and physical fields. Conclusion The complexity of urban systems and the relationships and interactions between them lead to the formation of various phenomena in urban and metropolitan areas. Spatial inequality is one of these urban phenomena, examples of which are urban poverty. This article identifies the spatial pattern of different dimensions of poverty in the city of Babol. The results of spatial analysis of urban poverty indexes in the city of Babol showed most of the city of Babol is facing many problems in various economic, social and physical fields.
Urban Planning
Lotfallah Bovard; maryam ilanloo
Volume 23, Issue 70 , March 2020, , Pages 1-27
Abstract
Today, with the increase of waste production in urban and rural communities, the waste management system can be considered as part of comprehensive management systems. Basically, establishing a solid waste management system is one of the things that matters to control the production, consumption and ...
Read More
Today, with the increase of waste production in urban and rural communities, the waste management system can be considered as part of comprehensive management systems. Basically, establishing a solid waste management system is one of the things that matters to control the production, consumption and consumption of materials, as well as the process of collecting and disposing of waste. the economic and health damage caused by the uncontrolled control of solid waste in the Mahshahr Petrochemical Special Economic Zone explains the need to take substantive steps in the control of solid waste. this research is aimed at the management of solid urban waste and its role in sustainable development in the special economic area of petrochemical in Mahshahr city. the research data are mainly collected through fieldwork. according to the obtained data, the status of municipal solid waste management was studied. The SWOT model was used to analyze the findings. for this purpose, the internal environment (strengths and weaknesses) and the external environment (opportunities and threats) of the region were studied. then, in order to complete the o-btained data, a questionnaire was prepared by citizens and staff of Mahshahr Petrochemical Special Economic Zone, which, by weighting the desired items, completed the SWOT matrix, finally, presented the strategies and strategies for proper management of the collection. and disposal of wastes. the results of this study showed that the questionnaire survey showed that respondents of municipal solid waste management situation in Mahshahr petrochemical specialty region are more suitable for most parameters and that management and proper planning of waste management of the special economic zone organization of petrochemical are economically justified.
Urban Planning
Mahdi Alilu; elham kazemi; Mohammadreza Pourmohammadi
Volume 23, Issue 70 , March 2020, , Pages 29-57
Abstract
City is the most important habitat for the man and the greatest cradle of civilization. Due to this fact, studying this phenomenon is of paramount importance. The problem today is that in the contemporary society many of Islamic traditions have been neglected. The impact of religious values on the construction ...
Read More
City is the most important habitat for the man and the greatest cradle of civilization. Due to this fact, studying this phenomenon is of paramount importance. The problem today is that in the contemporary society many of Islamic traditions have been neglected. The impact of religious values on the construction of city spaces is of even greater importance. Cities are created according to ideologies and worldviews and the most sublime example of space occupation is Islamic beliefs and values. The mosque in an Islamic city, for instance, has been a site of political, nonmilitary, legal and economic gatherings. Nowadays, some religious rituals and ceremonies are held in spaces other than mosques and due to the paucity of favorable and appropriate space in the cities, streets and roads are occupied and traffic problems created. 200 students participated in this study and a close-ended questionnaire with a rating scale of 5 was used to gather data. In this article I have tried to emphasize the necessity of holding religious rituals out of mosque space, and suggest and provide the procedures needed for the definition and formation of appropriate spaces for the aforementioned rituals and ceremonies.
Urban Planning
karim hoseinzade delir; Ali Reza Soutanei; yahya karimpour
Volume 23, Issue 70 , March 2020, , Pages 59-77
Abstract
In the atmosphere of globalization, cities are struggling with each other to enter the global cycle. Globalization has had many positive and negative effects on cities, especially on metropolises. The development of appropriate programs and perspectives and strategies is necessary for survival and growth ...
Read More
In the atmosphere of globalization, cities are struggling with each other to enter the global cycle. Globalization has had many positive and negative effects on cities, especially on metropolises. The development of appropriate programs and perspectives and strategies is necessary for survival and growth in a complex, interconnected and competitive global world. Metropolitan management, with the goal of globalization and global standards, requires the development of local and national programs and urban and national diplomacy and requires the adoption of government measures to support international metropolitan interactions alongside national goals. This paper intends to analyze the state of the metropolise of Tabriz, with an emphasis on investment potential in the form of strategic planning and present constructive strategies for further development in the path of globalization. The results of the study show that the metropolis of Tabriz can take advantage of its benefits in case of active and constructive policy on the use of domestic potential and foreign opportunities in the process of globalization, and use it as an opportunity to realize sustainable urban development.
Urban Planning
Zahra Torkhamanei; MohammadHasan Yazdani; Abolfaz Ganbarei
Volume 23, Issue 70 , March 2020, , Pages 207-266
Abstract
The aim of this research is to investigate the spatial structure of Tabriz Metropolis based on functional nuclei. The research method is descriptive-analytic research of causal-correlation type. Data collection was done in a library method. Data includes urban activities that are extracted ...
Read More
The aim of this research is to investigate the spatial structure of Tabriz Metropolis based on functional nuclei. The research method is descriptive-analytic research of causal-correlation type. Data collection was done in a library method. Data includes urban activities that are extracted from the census. The number of activity indicators is 25, which is classified in five main industrial, commercial, administrative, financial, service and recreational categories. And these are considered as metropolis functional nuclei. To analyze the distribution of functional nuclei from the kernel density estimation method, for analyzing spatial patterns from the mean center and the elliptic of the standard deviation, spatial correlation modeling of geographical weight regression and least squares regression have been used. The results of the research show that the spatial patterns of the functional nuclei are single-core. Tabriz is still far away from the formation of a multi-core metropolis and core subsidiary have not yet succeeded in attracting their activities and population. Spatial correlation results also show that there is a positive relationship between functional nuclei and population distribution and strengthening functional nuclei will focus the population, especially in the city center.
Urban Planning
akbar asghari zamani; Hersh Mostafaei
Volume 23, Issue 69 , December 2019, , Pages 1-17
Abstract
AbstractCities as a living environment play a significant role in creating satisfaction, they indeed shape human's lifestyle and determine their life quality. Regarding the quality of man-made environments not only encourages them to cooperate, but also induces a sense of satisfaction among individuals. ...
Read More
AbstractCities as a living environment play a significant role in creating satisfaction, they indeed shape human's lifestyle and determine their life quality. Regarding the quality of man-made environments not only encourages them to cooperate, but also induces a sense of satisfaction among individuals. Urban growth and rapid urban expansion have caused various crises in terms of urban life including environmental challenges and declining the quality of urban environs. Following increased urbanization in our country and rapid changing space for several reasons in terms of urban texture, the quality of urban environs has seriously declined. When it comes to environmental quality, the emphasis is still over construction and physical shape. The paper tends to measure and zone the physical environment quality of the middle texture of Tabriz city based on recent statistics and data. The research method is based on the objectives applying descriptive- analytical in terms of its methodology. During first steps of sample collection, we initially measure the quality of urban environment through field studies preparing and filling out some questionnaires. And in the second step, we apply softwares including: EXCEL, CHOICE, EXPERT to measure the data and finally apply ARC GIS to display the research findings. However the yields of central tissue zoning of Tabriz reflect that 5.77% of regional area is in an unfavorable condition, 19.38% favorable condition and 74.83% is in moderate utility status.
Urban Planning
Rahimberdi Annamoradnejad; farzaneh Razeghi; Mahmood Arvin
Volume 23, Issue 69 , December 2019, , Pages 19-40
Abstract
Introduction: The most important public and creative spaces of the city are pedestrian or pedestrian highways that have the highest social role, with full pedestrian dominance, which can form an alley, a market, a market, a path to a square, a park, or the space of a complex, and Be a base for citizens ...
Read More
Introduction: The most important public and creative spaces of the city are pedestrian or pedestrian highways that have the highest social role, with full pedestrian dominance, which can form an alley, a market, a market, a path to a square, a park, or the space of a complex, and Be a base for citizens to spend their leisure time. In the context of a spirit-based approach to the central context of the cities, the municipality of Rasht created a walkway in the center of the city. The walkway in the center of the city and its easy access to it has created the right atmosphere for citizens to interact and interact. The formation of such an environment requires the necessary indicators and criteria to attract citizens. Investigating the criteria and indicators affecting this environment and active participation of citizens in improving the quality of this environment and other similar environments is necessary. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting the quality of Rasht cultural pedestrian space from the users' point of view.
Urban Planning
mehdi nejati; pegah Bavaghar zaimi; abdolmajid jalaee
Volume 23, Issue 69 , December 2019, , Pages 259-282
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the most important of the metropolises of Iran. The problems are become to one of the most important obsessions of the diplomats that cause climate conditions change in global, territorial and local scale. In order to management and pollution decline planning is required the congition ...
Read More
Air pollution is one of the most important of the metropolises of Iran. The problems are become to one of the most important obsessions of the diplomats that cause climate conditions change in global, territorial and local scale. In order to management and pollution decline planning is required the congition of the mutual relation between pollution emission level and economic pollution decline of the different activities. The aim of this study is energy consumption and production growth impact investigate on co2 emission in economic different parts of Iran (such as Industry, agriculture, transportation services , oil) over the period 1996 2014 by using a SUR model. The result show that the energy consumption has a positive relation with co2 emission and energy consumption in different parts hasn't equal effect on pollution. according to SUR calculation there is a reverse N relation between pollution and productions growth in economic parts. Nonetheless co2 emission of GDP can be introduced as verse U Because totally GDP left side is very little . reverse N curve significants environment destruction starts to decrease again after increasing in Particular level. Because of there is a Kuznets curve reverse U in Environmental Kuznets curve reverse N. we have been investigated if there is N curve for co2 in different Parts?
Urban Planning
hassan esmaeilzadeh
Volume 23, Issue 68 , September 2019, , Pages 1-21
Abstract
In beginning of third millennium era, cities because of population growth and urbanization have been faced by increasing challenges such as urban poverty, lack of infrastructures, informal settlements, growth of pollutions, reduction of life quality, and finally growth of unsustainability. In this situation, ...
Read More
In beginning of third millennium era, cities because of population growth and urbanization have been faced by increasing challenges such as urban poverty, lack of infrastructures, informal settlements, growth of pollutions, reduction of life quality, and finally growth of unsustainability. In this situation, finding new and less- cost solutions are more necessary for attaining sustainability. Therefore, this research reasons that smart- making, by having indicators of smart governance, smart environment, smart economy, smart mobility, smart living, and smart people, is effective approach for attaining sustainability (in economic, social, environmental and physical dimensions). Research method is correlation method, namely there is a logical relationship between smart- making and urban sustainability. Data gathering has been done using library and survey methods (by questionnaire, observation and interview tools). Information has been analyzed using descriptive and deductive tests (includes of multinomial Regression, Pearson correlation, One sample T-test, ANOVA Varian's, and Beta Coefficient). Case study is neighborhoods of zone 6 Tehran city, which are 18 neighborhoods according to municipality dividing's. Indicators reliability has been done using Cronbach's alpha, and their validity has been done using Face validity. Results show that there is a direct relationship between smart- making and sustainability that sustainability of nighbourhoods increases by growth of smart- making. Nighbourhoods of Arzhantin- Saei and Daneshgahe Tehran that have the most smart- making scale, simultaneous have the highest sustainability level, and Nighbourhoods of Ghezel Ghale, Gandi and Abbas Abad that have the least smart- making scale, simultaneous have the lowest sustainability level.
Urban Planning
esmaeil zarghami; hamidreza azemati; dorsa fatourehchi
Volume 23, Issue 68 , September 2019, , Pages 195-217
Abstract
Today, sustainable development has become an important issue in meeting the urban needs for a happier and more environmentally friendly community. At the global level, planners manage residential construction through prioritizing sustainability criteria as well as providing sustainability planning framework. ...
Read More
Today, sustainable development has become an important issue in meeting the urban needs for a happier and more environmentally friendly community. At the global level, planners manage residential construction through prioritizing sustainability criteria as well as providing sustainability planning framework. Due to the growing population and mass construction of residential complexes in urban areas, compliance with the criteria of environmental sustainability and achieving sustainable development in our country has become a requirement. Therefore, the present paper aims to achieve a systematic sustainability assessment regarding construction by managing the priorities of sustainability criteria in Iran. As a result, by getting to know the environmental sustainability criteria and prioritizing the importance of these criteria based on the needs of the Iranian community's residential construction, a suitable guidance can be provided to planners. The purpose of this research is to provide an appropriate framework for planners' decision making in order to consider sustainability and achieve a suitable approach in sustainable design of residential complexes in Iran. In this paper, the investigation of the criteria and concepts of environmental sustainability has been done through descriptive-analytical method and documentary studies, library and researchers' experiences in order to achieve the theoretical foundations and questionnaire. Afterwards, by using multi-criteria decision-making method, the questionnaire will be used to assess the importance of priorities from the perspective of Iranian sustainabiloity designers. The results showed that Also, factors such as energy and atmosphere considerations, and materials and resource considerations are amongst the most important environmental sustainability criteriain terms of construction, which should be considered in the planning of sustainable construction of residential complexes in Iran.
Urban Planning
Abolfazl Ganbaei
Volume 23, Issue 68 , September 2019, , Pages 219-244
Abstract
One of the major issues of population in the world is generally the problem of the aging population and the consequences of it. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the city of Tabriz based on favorable city indicators of the elderly (such as housing, social participation, respect and social ...
Read More
One of the major issues of population in the world is generally the problem of the aging population and the consequences of it. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the city of Tabriz based on favorable city indicators of the elderly (such as housing, social participation, respect and social support and health services). The methodology of this research is descriptive-analytical of the applied type and the method of collecting data and documentary and survey data. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The statistical population includes all 60 years old and older elderly people based on the general population census and housing in 1390 in the regions 1 and 10 of Tabriz Municipality. Using the Cochran formula, the sample size for area 1, 138 and for area 10, 138 it is achieved. Then, using the available sampling method, distributed among the regions 1 and 10 of Tabriz Municipality. Statistical analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) have been used in data analysis. The results of the study indicate that the average housing situation, the rate of social participation, social support and health services among the elderly were moderate to low And the average respect index among the elderly is moderate and the level of each of the desirable city indicators of the elderly, except for the housing index, does not differ significantly in terms of housing type and residence area of respondents. Also, the effect of social support and health services on respect is equal to (0.44), the effectiveness of civic participation on respect is equal to (0.23) and the effectiveness of social participation on respect is equal to (0.17). Regarding the coefficient of explanation, we conclude that three variables (housing, social support and health services and social participation) explain a total of 0.82 of the variance of the variable of respect, and another 18.1% is related to factors other than existing variables.
Urban Planning
Volume 23, Issue 68 , September 2019, , Pages 245-264
Abstract
Abstract: The importance of inner city transport with accounting for about 25 percent of its urban spaces, as well as the field of mobility by providing cities and their citizens, it is very clear and undeniable. Today, urban transport, due to the problems and challenges, such as urban air pollution ...
Read More
Abstract: The importance of inner city transport with accounting for about 25 percent of its urban spaces, as well as the field of mobility by providing cities and their citizens, it is very clear and undeniable. Today, urban transport, due to the problems and challenges, such as urban air pollution and noise pollution, the attention of urban planners and researchers. In Shahrekords, in the field of sustainable transport planning has been done, and poor transport infrastructure available, not enough for the growing population of the city, and the city has serious problems, such as environmental pollution, traffic is facing. Hence it is essential that managers and urban planners with the strategic outlook, analysis and planning in the development of urban transport systems, pay. Therefore, in this study, using an analytical method, first by the model SWOT weaknesses and strengths, opportunities and threats transport system Shahrekord, identified, and then use the matrix of evaluation criteria and internal and external factors, the city transit system known position, and accordingly a combination strategies to improve the situation suggested. Finally, using quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM), to prioritize proposed strategies, are discussed.
Urban Planning
ali movahed; Zahra Sahraeyan; mohamad soleimani
Volume 23, Issue 68 , September 2019, , Pages 265-284
Abstract
Since the beginning of the present century, the changes in urbanization and its physical transformations have had unfavorable consequences on the structure of the Iranian city, so that the current city, without any attention to its initial construction and organization, has been characterized by disruption, ...
Read More
Since the beginning of the present century, the changes in urbanization and its physical transformations have had unfavorable consequences on the structure of the Iranian city, so that the current city, without any attention to its initial construction and organization, has been characterized by disruption, irregular (uneven) development and Socio-economic inequalities. Therefore, the study of changes in the spatial and physical structure of urban environments and their orientation towards harmony and spatial equilibrium is necessary in various aspects of physical, social and economic and preventing spatial instability and inequality.Since it is difficult and impossible to understand the structure and frame of cities based on the analysis of all parts of the city. therefore, analyzing the spatial structure of cities in relation to urban development pattern needs to be able to respond to these spatial spatial complexities and help to understand the structure and spatial structure of modern cities .of theories and methods that study the structure and configuration of urban spac is space layout theory. based on this theory, the city structure and basics.
Urban Planning
Hedayat Nouri; Ameneh Jovzi khamesluei
Volume 23, Issue 68 , September 2019, , Pages 285-305
Abstract
Study and recognition of the capabilities of geographic regions to create the systematic scientific fields to achieve better use of available resources for useful and sustainable agriculture development is necessity. The mountain structure of Fereydounshahr has been increase ...
Read More
Study and recognition of the capabilities of geographic regions to create the systematic scientific fields to achieve better use of available resources for useful and sustainable agriculture development is necessity. The mountain structure of Fereydounshahr has been increase the important of geographical spaces of this field from the point of view of rural development and agriculture. Therefore, the main approach in this research is identifying and introducing the capabilities and limitations associated with land level for agriculture activities in the study field. This research could be part of a comprehensive land capability plan for sustainable agriculture development in field. In this study, the evaluation of land potential and the preparation of potential determination maps through the Geographic information system GIS based on the multi-criteria decision-making analytical approach (MCDM) has been carried out. Hierarchical analytic process (AHP) to weigh the criteria, and finally, weighted linear combination (WLC) method has also been used to integrate maps in order to achieve this result. The parameters were used in this study are topography including a digital elevation model and slope, soil characteristics including soil depth, soil texture, and soil gravel, as well as land use and land coverage. The results of the evaluation of the agricultural ability of the county show that 6.25% of the area is suitable, 6.15% of the land is relatively suitable, 12.88% of the land area is slightly suitable and 6. 88 % of the area is almost unsuitable. This is while 67.84% of the area is in full constraint for agricultural activity.
Urban Planning
leila ebrahimi; siavash khalili; maryam ilanloo
Volume 23, Issue 67 , April 2019, , Pages 1-24
Abstract
Climatic conditions along with other environmental factors are among the most important factors in formation and development of cities and the sustainability of urban life. In fact, cities, urban factors and their performances have always been affected by climatic factors. Cities and climate are two ...
Read More
Climatic conditions along with other environmental factors are among the most important factors in formation and development of cities and the sustainability of urban life. In fact, cities, urban factors and their performances have always been affected by climatic factors. Cities and climate are two artificial and natural systems that have strong impacts on each other. The consistency levels of vernacular and contemporary textures of Mahshahr city with climatic conditions were examined in this study. The synoptic stations statistics of Mahshahr city in a period of 30 years were used to identify types of climate and evaluate climatic parameters of the study area. Mahoney index was applied in this study to evaluate climate comfort of Mahshahr city. Field surveys were conducted to evaluate and compare vernacular and contemporary textures of the city, ten samples from both textures were selected and evaluated in term of consistency with climatic conditions. Assessments in this study show that the most important climatic parameter in evaluation of vernacular and contemporary textures of this city is temperature. The results also indicate inconsistency of vernacular texture of the city with climatic conditions of that area. The contemporary texture of the city has the most consistency with climatic conditions.
Urban Planning
tohid ahmadi; zohreh fanni; mohammad tagi razaviyan; jamileh tavakoli nia
Volume 23, Issue 67 , April 2019, , Pages 25-44
Abstract
Metropolises are as population and traffic density centers and their consequences are more than other population centers. Various metropolises present different solutions based on their circumstances and characteristics of transportation. The major issue about transportation in metropolises is weakness ...
Read More
Metropolises are as population and traffic density centers and their consequences are more than other population centers. Various metropolises present different solutions based on their circumstances and characteristics of transportation. The major issue about transportation in metropolises is weakness of strategic plans in order to apply the plans for intelligent transportation system that impresses urban transportation. Management organization of transportation in metropolis of Tabriz presents some solutions sporadically that are not enough to solve traffic problems. The purpose of this study is to present a model to prioritize development strategies for intelligent transportation system in order to cover strategic plan for transportation management. In other words, this paper is concentrated on combination model of prioritize strategies. The procedure of this research is that after literature review, development strategies of intelligent transportation system which is as a result of logic and scientific management model (ANP،QSPM), is prioritized by using strategic approach. For achieving this goal, combination procedure is done and the relationship of different variables to present the real priority of strategies is considered. Finally, findings of this combination procedure are compared by using Spearman rank order correlation. The result of combination procedure and comparing it with Spearman rank order correlation illustrate that strategy entitled “coordination of all organizations to enhance public infrastructure in order to develop intelligent transportation system” in both analysis (QSPM and ANP) is prioritized as a major strategy and other strategies have different priorities.
Urban Planning
Mohammad Reza pourmohammadi; shahrivar rostayi; ahmad asadi
Volume 23, Issue 67 , April 2019, , Pages 45-65
Abstract
Due to many different reasons, providing of vitality in urban centers have become the main concerns in developed countries especially in deteriorated areas. Creating vitality in deteriorated areas is one of the most important factors that affect the tendency of citizens to increase housing selection ...
Read More
Due to many different reasons, providing of vitality in urban centers have become the main concerns in developed countries especially in deteriorated areas. Creating vitality in deteriorated areas is one of the most important factors that affect the tendency of citizens to increase housing selection in this area. The aim of this study is to evaluate the vitality of the deteriorated area and its relationship with the housing selection. This research was carried out by survey method and information was collected through observation, preparing necessary maps and questionnaires and SPSS software was used for analyzing them. The sample size is 365 households out of 7160 household living in deteriorated areas of the city. The research questions are: 1- Is the level of vitality in deteriorated area of Zanjan acceptable? 2- Do citizens like to housing selection in the deteriorated urban area? 3- Is there any relationship between the housing selection and urban vitality in the deteriorated area? Resulting data show that the both vitality and housing selection were moderate and acceptable, and there is a significant positive relationship between vitality and housing selection. The results of the regression analysis show that the variable of vitality indicates the 25% of the variance of housing selection. Therefore, according to this study that was carried out at Deteriorated neighborhoods, increasing vitality causes to increasing dwelling. Thus, the increase in vitality lead to high capacity of deteriorated areas.
Urban Planning
Firouz Jafari; adel sherizadeh
Volume 23, Issue 67 , April 2019, , Pages 67-89
Abstract
Studying the future and planning for its, is an inseparable part of the process of planning. In most cases, studying future, with emphasis on predicting and analyzing methods, has made innumerable problems in conducting different programs. These problems often arise from inattention to political, social, ...
Read More
Studying the future and planning for its, is an inseparable part of the process of planning. In most cases, studying future, with emphasis on predicting and analyzing methods, has made innumerable problems in conducting different programs. These problems often arise from inattention to political, social, economic, and cultural effects and also an indifference to the novel or developing technologies in human’s life, or they could be because of neglecting the leading forces and key factors affecting the facilitation of the resolution of future problems. The goal of this study is to identify the key factors effective on the House price of Tabriz metropolis. In order to do this, Delphi technique was used for identifying the effective factors on the House price the result of which showed 40 initial effective factors on the House price were identified. In the next step, for extracting the key factors effective on the House price, Cross Impact Analysis method was used by software and the result was to identify 12 key factors effective on the House price Tabriz metropolis from the 40 initial effective factors. The results of the study show that 12 key factors are the main and effective actors in determining the house price of Tabriz metropolis.
Urban Planning
Maryam Charkhchian
Volume 23, Issue 67 , April 2019, , Pages 109-128
Abstract
Designing a house as the human living space; concerns with different human needs. So, human satisfaction from different aspects of his residential space is very important. Reviewing literature shows housing satisfaction can be evaluated by different physical, social, environmental, management and functional ...
Read More
Designing a house as the human living space; concerns with different human needs. So, human satisfaction from different aspects of his residential space is very important. Reviewing literature shows housing satisfaction can be evaluated by different physical, social, environmental, management and functional aspects. Considering the role of residential satisfaction in social and economic desirability in communities, the study has tried to evaluate and compare housing satisfaction degree among three communities with different age in Qazvin: Ferdosi, Daneshgah and Poonak communities considering different socio-demographic and physical characters of the residents and their residential spaces. With this aim, 360 residents (120 in each community) were participated in a survey study applying questionnaire technique. Results were analyzed by SPSS software and showed Poonak, new developing community; has the lowest housing satisfaction. Regression analysis also shows significant correlations between house area, number of stories and time as independent variables with housing satisfaction as dependent variable. Additionally, gender and ownership were only two socio-demographic factors which had significantly influenced on housing satisfaction degree. Finally, by evaluation of different dimensions of housing satisfaction including: different physical, social, environment, management and functional dimensions; it can be claimed that satisfaction from physical characters of residential spaces is the most significant element which determine the housing satisfaction degree.
Urban Planning
mohammad rahim rahnema
Volume 23, Issue 67 , April 2019, , Pages 151-172
Abstract
The study employs Monte Carlo method for simulation of renting residential units in Mashhad. A total number of 303 rental residential units in Mashhad, including both apartments and houses, were randomly selected from advertisements placed in Khorasan Newspapers during the months of July and August of ...
Read More
The study employs Monte Carlo method for simulation of renting residential units in Mashhad. A total number of 303 rental residential units in Mashhad, including both apartments and houses, were randomly selected from advertisements placed in Khorasan Newspapers during the months of July and August of 2015. In order to simulate the monthly rent price, the rent index was calculated through combining the mortgage and the rent price. In the next step, the relation between the variables of the floor area and that of the number of bedrooms for each unit, in both apartments and houses, was calculated through multivariate regression using SPSS and was coded in XML. The initial model was called using simulation button in SPSS and was simulated using triangular and binominal algorithms. The findings revealed that the average simulated rental index was 19.20 million rials per month. Calculating the sensitivity of rental index to number of bedrooms we found that firstly, 97% of units have three bedrooms, and secondly as the number of bedrooms increases from one to three, for the rent price of less than 7 million rials, the percentage of units having one bedroom decreases from 10% to 0. Contrariwise, for units with the rent price of more than 20 million rials , the percentage of bedrooms increases from 37% to 48%. In the light of these findings, it becomes clear that planning to build rental residential units, overseeing the rent prices, and granting subsidies to rental residential units, for apartments with two bedrooms, present a felicitous policy for regulating residential units in Mashhad.
Urban Planning
Ali Asghar Abdollahi; hojatollah sharafi; mojtaba solaymani damaneh
Volume 23, Issue 67 , April 2019, , Pages 197-221
Abstract
In this regard, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the desirability of pedestrian-orientation in commercial center of Kerman city. The method of research is descriptive-analytic based on the field method (questionnaire). By random sampling, 284 pedestrians and residents in a week and 30 specialists ...
Read More
In this regard, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the desirability of pedestrian-orientation in commercial center of Kerman city. The method of research is descriptive-analytic based on the field method (questionnaire). By random sampling, 284 pedestrians and residents in a week and 30 specialists were selected as sample size. Reliability of the data was calculated by Cronbach test at 0/818. For analyzing the data, stepwise regression analysis, Independent sample T2test was used. Also for prioritizing and importance coefficient the criteria, the technique of BWM was used in LINGO software. The results of stepwise regression indicate that the factor of social activity, with the Beta amount of 0/249, has the maximum effect and the factor of safety and security has the/138 minimum effect on walking rate in commercial center of Kerman city. Results from sample T2 test show that in the meaningful level of (0/05) there is not any significant difference in the mean of the evaluation of walkway conditions of Arg district from the viewpoint of walking people (2/28) and authorities( 2/29). And both of the societies have evaluated the walking orientation status of the downtown of Kerman based on qualitative factors of walking in inappropriate and unsecured conditions. The results of BWM technique reveal that safety and security index with the value of 0/169 is placed in the first rank, penetrability and access with the value of 0/147 in the second rank, the structure and the form with the value of 0/1426 in the third place, attractiveness and vitality with the value of 0/1422 in the fourth rank, facilities with the value of 0/138 in the fifth rank, mixed usability with the value of 0.135 in the sixth rank, and finally the criterion of social activity with the value of 0/123 is in the seventh rank.
