Urban Planning
Mohamad Reza pourmohamadi; Sheirin Badrei Asl
Abstract
The growing urban population and the absolute rise in the rate of car ownership have caused a number of problems in the smooth flow of traffic in the cities. Better public transport system, especially the subway system, which is opened and expanded in some Iranian cities would help ease traffic congestion. ...
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The growing urban population and the absolute rise in the rate of car ownership have caused a number of problems in the smooth flow of traffic in the cities. Better public transport system, especially the subway system, which is opened and expanded in some Iranian cities would help ease traffic congestion. While introducing Tabriz subway system, this article evaluates the conditions of subway stations according to twenty four indexes which are provided by hieratical analytic model. The article shows that 29 Bahaman and Shahriyar stations mark the highest point in furniture quality variable while Khayyam station comes last. Station four has the most immediate access to emergency aid while station 6 has the least. Land uses around stations 2 and 7 are more relevant to the function of the stations. In terms of esthetic principals, Shahriyar station scores the highest among the stations in the first phase of the first line. Because of its proximity of Elgholi depot, station 1 has easier and greater access to infrastructure facilities while station 5 has the least among the seven stations. Station 3 is in close proximity to commuter taxis and also in good order among other stations. The findings of the article have implications for giving priorities to organizing the subway system in Tabriz.
Geotourism
Ali Panahi; Alireza Satari
Abstract
Suitable climate is a natural resource and economic wealth for tourism. It also can be considered as an element which provides some attractions for tourists and thereby can increase the number of tourists and satisfaction. All climate elements are involved in the health, comfort, entertainment and tourist ...
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Suitable climate is a natural resource and economic wealth for tourism. It also can be considered as an element which provides some attractions for tourists and thereby can increase the number of tourists and satisfaction. All climate elements are involved in the health, comfort, entertainment and tourist attraction, but some elements such as temperature, relative humidity, sunshine and wind are more important which were studied in this article to indicate the effect of thermal comfort in Tourism attraction in the cities of the Sabalan hillside, which due to their geographical position can be considered as a valuable potential for the development of tourism. This research was a descriptive – analytic one and data collection was done through a library method. In this study, the data and climatic data were collected during the period of 1981-2010 to study the tourism potentials in the Sabalan region. Tourism climate index TCI (Mieczkowski) was used to analyze the data, this index shows climate Tourism for each month of the year in the form of numerical and descriptive index. The results showed that the months of June, July, August and September due to providing best welfare conditions for tourism were the ideal ones. The months of January, February, March, April, November and December had low importance and were in acceptable level but were not so good for tourists. The months of May and October had average conditions for tourism activities. Overall, the best months of the year, June and September and worst months were December, January and February for tourism activities in the cities of the Sabalan hillside.
Geotourism
maryam bayati khatibi; shahram maleki; dorna ghafari; soraya hadi
Abstract
Climate as a Geographical phenomenon, have a strong interrelationship With Tourism and development Purposes and goals Tourism. Photo Tourism as a main subbranchs of Tourism, is attended case for countries with suitable climate and with long shine time at all Seasons. Unequal distribution of sun radiation ...
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Climate as a Geographical phenomenon, have a strong interrelationship With Tourism and development Purposes and goals Tourism. Photo Tourism as a main subbranchs of Tourism, is attended case for countries with suitable climate and with long shine time at all Seasons. Unequal distribution of sun radiation on surface of the world is main reason that people travel from high latitude with low shine time to low latitude with long shine time. In this paper is study tourism climate comfort for all seasons of years, by use of TCI index then, is calculated of shine time for all seasons .In this Research in order to zoning of suitable photo Tourism regions of Iran, and also assessment climate comfort tourism at during all seasons at different time of year, is used fuzzy methods and fuzzy Gamma. The suitable climate condition or comport climate is determined by using of fuzzy methods. The results of this study are show that is five regions in maximum and four regions in minimum is exist in suitable photo Tourism of Iran. These regions is represented same property of comfort climate respect and shine time in during time of year. In other term, these regions have very suitable photo Tourism aspect at many time of year.
Rural Planning
Morteza Tavakoli; Shirko Ahmadi; Gharib Fazelniya
Abstract
Different geographic environments, offer different potentials and problems in different fields especially in livelihood activities of their residents, attention to which gains a lot of importance in local and environmental programming. Thus identification and analysis of rural potentials and problems ...
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Different geographic environments, offer different potentials and problems in different fields especially in livelihood activities of their residents, attention to which gains a lot of importance in local and environmental programming. Thus identification and analysis of rural potentials and problems is an important step in the process of planning a sustainable rural development. Thus, in an explanatory and analytical approach. This study aims to assess the livelihood problems for villagers living in of Sardasht township based on its findings. This research was conducted based on documents and library as well as interpretations and field survey with a descriptive approach. The statistical population consists 5722 people from the top 50 households of 8 villages of Sardasht township 386 of which were selected the Morgan tables as a statistical sample by simple random sampling and its data was analyzed by SPSS software. Results show that, supply factors imposed the livelihoods in this villages were affected by environmental conditions including gardening and non-agricultural activities, being in a boundary region has also caused smuggling activities. Also results generally show that significant relationship exists between geographic factors such as land slope, access to educational level, distance from boundary area and different earning source of rural livelihoods all of which generated specific livelihood pattern for the villages in the region. Areas of the border also cause direct and indirect employment (freight transportation and passenger operations, loading, etc) that share a border of more than direct employment of indirect employment.
All other Geographic fields of studies , Interdisciplinary
fereydon babaei; Abozar Motidoost; Mohammadamin Attar; somayeh roshan roodi
Volume 22, Issue 65 , November 2018, , Pages 63-81
Abstract
This research is followed to study relationship between Socio-Economic Status of urban zones and Spatial Segregation in Takab City. In this way to study the relationship between variable of socio-economic status and variable of urban zone. The research is as kind of applied studies and research method ...
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This research is followed to study relationship between Socio-Economic Status of urban zones and Spatial Segregation in Takab City. In this way to study the relationship between variable of socio-economic status and variable of urban zone. The research is as kind of applied studies and research method is survey. The qualitative analysis and statistical tests are used to answer the research questions. Excel and SPSS softwares are used for data analysis. Cross tabulation and Pearson Chi-Square test and Cramer's correlation coefficient and Lambda correlation coefficient and Goodman and Kruskal tau correlation coefficient and uncertainty coefficient are used to determining relationship between variables. Takab city has provided an appropriate field for spatial segregation phenomenon. So that immigration and move of Kurd race from rural areas to the city during the past decades and its entrance mainly from the western side of this city, has caused a tissue with quite residential segregation in his city. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between variable of socio-economic status and variable of urban zone. In one word, socio-economic status has caused spatial segregation of urban zones in Takab city. Spatial segregation is observed between zone 1 (east and southeast of the city) and zone 2 (the western part of the city) with high density and between zone 3 (the city center) and zone 4 (north and southwest of the city) with a lower density.
Mohammadreza Pourmohammadi; Aliakbar Taghipour
Volume 16, Issue 42 , March 2013, , Pages 65-88
Abstract
Land is a key factor for all human activities such as providing housing, services and urban infrastructure. Efficient and optimal use of land resources is among very important responsibilities of urban planning and managers. This issue most of time is being neglected or little attention is paid to it ...
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Land is a key factor for all human activities such as providing housing, services and urban infrastructure. Efficient and optimal use of land resources is among very important responsibilities of urban planning and managers. This issue most of time is being neglected or little attention is paid to it especially in less developed countries. While in some areas considerable parcels of land for legal, economic or because of environmental reasons are left unused, intensive constructions are carried out in other parts. Attempts are made in this article to highlight the importance and of resumption of unused or misused urban lands and brought toward appropriate suggestions to improve the difficulties and problems of land availability.
Urban Planning
Hadi Hakimi; selda Nazari; Niloofar Nazari
Volume 19, Issue 52 , June 2015, , Pages 65-83
Abstract
Humans have allocated some places to group activities during their historical life. One of these places is square. In spite of mass memories from squares the significance of square as the identity source of city, the vanishing of historical squares is important challenge in existing cities. With this ...
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Humans have allocated some places to group activities during their historical life. One of these places is square. In spite of mass memories from squares the significance of square as the identity source of city, the vanishing of historical squares is important challenge in existing cities. With this regard, the purpose of this study is to identify strategies for regeneration of Tabriz SahebAbad historical square. This study is an applied research with descriptive- explanatory methodology. Data were collected by questionnaire from 30 experts and analyzed by SWOT technique. The SWOT technique was used in order to identify the weakness and strengthens opportunities and threats in three stages based on the matrix of inner factors and matrix of external factors and comparative matrix. According to the results of this study, there are 6 strengthening points and 9 weakness points in inner factors. There are also 9 factors as the external threats and 7 factors as external opportunities. The results show that, while Saheb Abad square currently is faced with some threats and weaknesses, it is possible fot it to become an important cultural- historical center.
Climatology
hamid galilvand; hosein zarean; hojjat allah yazdanpanah; saeed movahedi; mehdi momeni; nabi allah yarali
Abstract
Abstract Knowledge of past climate needs long-term and accurate climatic data for future planning and predicting. In this study, we reconstructed the average maximum temperature in spring and minimum temperatures in fall and winter by applying the width of annual ringsofQuercusPersica through multiple- ...
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Abstract Knowledge of past climate needs long-term and accurate climatic data for future planning and predicting. In this study, we reconstructed the average maximum temperature in spring and minimum temperatures in fall and winter by applying the width of annual ringsofQuercusPersica through multiple- regression. With this goal in mind, two growth heights were selected in Dena Forests and 40 growth samples from 20 bases in two geographical directions of southwest and northeast were extracted at breast height and measured with AutoCAD software with an accuracy of 3 microns. After cross dating stage, to eliminate non-climate effects, all climatic parameters and tree rings time series were standardized. The calculated Residual Chronology (RES) was calibrated with climatic variations of the period 1881-2011 and positive and significant correlation with the width of growth rings was confirmed. Based on the relations and correlation between the calculated chronology and joint statistical climatic data the reconstruction of annual rainfall was performed and it was found that the average rainfall of the last three decades had a 4 percent increase in comparison to the average rainfall of the last century.
Geomorphology
Akbar Rahimi
Abstract
Tabriz city asthe populous city in the northwest of Iranstarted the rapid spatial- physical expansion in past decades. Tabriz area in1335 to 1385 increased from 1770 to 25000 hectare. Lock of suitable policy in urban development controls and land management, caused that the Tabriz faced whit many challenges. ...
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Tabriz city asthe populous city in the northwest of Iranstarted the rapid spatial- physical expansion in past decades. Tabriz area in1335 to 1385 increased from 1770 to 25000 hectare. Lock of suitable policy in urban development controls and land management, caused that the Tabriz faced whit many challenges. One of these chalenges is the lock of public land use. So,in this paper, accessibility of urban public land uses in Tabriz is analysed. Methodology in this paper is practical and the surviving method based on descriptive – analytical method. In surviving and analyzing of public land uses, we used per capita and Taxonomy methods. For necessary surviving, statistical blocks information and urban land use map for Tabriz city are used. Results show that the public land use per capita is less than 8 meters, while in master plan of Tabriz; this per capita has proposed 16.71 meters.So, the availability of public land use has critical condition in Tabriz. Green space per capita in all of zones is faced with shortages and the reason of these shortages is the lock of suitable planning for urban expansion. This lock caused that the gardens and green spaces in the periphery of Tabriz are demolished. For analyzing of urban public land use allocation in this paper, Numerical Taxonomy is used.The results of Numerical Taxonomy show that district of number one is the best degree (0.30) and district on nine is the worst degree (0.83) for accessibility to public land use.
All other Geographic fields of studies , Interdisciplinary
Hashem Dadashpour; Noushin Sokhandan Asl
Volume 23, Issue 69 , December 2019, , Pages 65-86
Abstract
Industrial clusters are related SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) concentrated in geographical areas which help regional development by promoting learning capacity. This development is due to intraction of four physical, economic, social- cultural and organizational proximity in industrial regions. ...
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Industrial clusters are related SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) concentrated in geographical areas which help regional development by promoting learning capacity. This development is due to intraction of four physical, economic, social- cultural and organizational proximity in industrial regions. According to above mentioned facts the main purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of industrial networking on learning promotion in “Qazvin” and “Arak” industrial regions (These two province are industrial poles in iran Specially in automobile industry). Research methodology that is applied in this research is descriptive, analytic and comparative. The results in this article are supported by systematic-stratified sampling, data gatherd by in-depth interviews and questionnaires.The results show that there is meaning full correlation between networking and its intensity that represent learning process in networks. Also, studding of industrial networks parameters influencing learning and network topology shows that there is correlation between network structure and learning (straight correlation).
Karim Hosseinzadeh; Mohammadreza Pourmohammady; Samad Medady
Volume 16, Issue 41 , November 2012, , Pages 67-94
Abstract
Tourism subjects is entered to scientific discuss at the recent time. Cultural tourism is formed the major part of these dicuss, visit and recognize of historical-cultural places, artificial fashionables, native music and beautiful landscapes are belong and pertain to “heritage”.
This article ...
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Tourism subjects is entered to scientific discuss at the recent time. Cultural tourism is formed the major part of these dicuss, visit and recognize of historical-cultural places, artificial fashionables, native music and beautiful landscapes are belong and pertain to “heritage”.
This article is results of study on cultural places of Tabriz city, The article is axis discussion about dispersal history- cultural places and its close services like (hotels, inns, ...) with use “overlay analyses”. Perhaps is simplest shape in Arc GIS overlay analyses that can product new information in this analyses obvolute different layers with phenomenon species in GIS environment and new maps with new information. In hence utilized pro respond to under question.
1- Where Tabriz city stand cultural- history places;
2- Whether is suitable its close services like (hotel, inn, …) in this places pro travelers and visits.
Hashem Dadashpour; Hamidreza Khodabakhsh
Volume 17, Issue 46 , February 2014, , Pages 67-90
Abstract
Temporary housing is considered as one of the most common ways to provide housing for homeless people that providing shelter after disaster, immediately after providing emergency shelter and pre-reconstruction is forwarded. Although this method of was residence considered at a specific time period and ...
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Temporary housing is considered as one of the most common ways to provide housing for homeless people that providing shelter after disaster, immediately after providing emergency shelter and pre-reconstruction is forwarded. Although this method of was residence considered at a specific time period and it will lose its original function during the time, but the process of location is very important. The main goal of the paper is the location of temporary housing in region 16 of Tehran. The theoretical foundations of temporary housing and habitat were initially studied and then some 24 index for examining of temporary housing sites was identified. Significance coefficient of each the 24 indicators have been considered using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP), and then the overlapping layers data have been identified and the coefficients in the GIS software environment were applied. The results of findings show that among the indicators studied; five indicators including ownership, the time use of space as temporary housing, adjacence to the passageways and road networks, adjacence to gas networks and the present land use were the most important variables, and three indicators including adjacent to passageways and road networks boundary, being away from sound pollution and waste collection centers had the lowest importance in the process of selecting locations for habitation for homeless people. In addition, the Beesat and Farvardin parks have been identified as the most appropriate locations for establishing the temporary housing sites according to the method and the selected indicators.
Rural Planning
Seyed Ali Badri; Masoud Anbarlo; zahra malek jafariyan
Volume 22, Issue 66 , January 2019, , Pages 67-94
Abstract
Rural managers and study of their performance in rural development is one the important topics of rural management. Using public cooperation and participation, rural managers have attempted to eliminate pubic needs, collect garbage, provide public services, and develop pathways. Choosing and explaining ...
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Rural managers and study of their performance in rural development is one the important topics of rural management. Using public cooperation and participation, rural managers have attempted to eliminate pubic needs, collect garbage, provide public services, and develop pathways. Choosing and explaining components and indicators of research were conducted according to the related literature. So that five components and forty indices were assessed. for effective component (rural managers awareness level of rules and regulations) and impressionable component (desirable rural management). The statistical society of this study include 60 Rural Manager from under study area. The research tools were validated based on experts’ opinions and durability of questionnaire was determined and validated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. There was a positive and meaningful relationship between rural managers awareness level of rural rules and regulations, and desirable rural management; furthermore, there was such a relationship between rural managers awareness level of social rules and regulations and desirable social rural management as well as between rural managers awareness level of economic rules and regulations and desirable economic management of villages. Actually, the results of research showed that the development level of villages have influence on increment of rural managers awareness level of rules and regulations and enhancement of desirable rural management. Thus, paying attention to rural managers awareness level of rules and regulations is a priority for rural managers empowerment in local management, desirable rural management and development level of villages, and leads to enhancement of existing potentials of rural residences. Indeed, the enhancement and improvement of rural development indicators and enhancement of rural managers awareness of functional rules and regulations must be considered by policy-makers and planners of rural development as one of the effective strategies and the required background and infrastructure for realization of it must be provided.
Urban Planning
Firouz Jafari; adel sherizadeh
Volume 23, Issue 67 , April 2019, , Pages 67-89
Abstract
Studying the future and planning for its, is an inseparable part of the process of planning. In most cases, studying future, with emphasis on predicting and analyzing methods, has made innumerable problems in conducting different programs. These problems often arise from inattention to political, social, ...
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Studying the future and planning for its, is an inseparable part of the process of planning. In most cases, studying future, with emphasis on predicting and analyzing methods, has made innumerable problems in conducting different programs. These problems often arise from inattention to political, social, economic, and cultural effects and also an indifference to the novel or developing technologies in human’s life, or they could be because of neglecting the leading forces and key factors affecting the facilitation of the resolution of future problems. The goal of this study is to identify the key factors effective on the House price of Tabriz metropolis. In order to do this, Delphi technique was used for identifying the effective factors on the House price the result of which showed 40 initial effective factors on the House price were identified. In the next step, for extracting the key factors effective on the House price, Cross Impact Analysis method was used by software and the result was to identify 12 key factors effective on the House price Tabriz metropolis from the 40 initial effective factors. The results of the study show that 12 key factors are the main and effective actors in determining the house price of Tabriz metropolis.
Urban Planning
Akbar Rahimi
Abstract
Introduction In recent decades, research on land use/land cover change has become an important aspect of global change, or global warming studies, since land use/land cover change is a major factor for global change because of its interactions with climate, ecosystem processes, biogeochemical cycles, ...
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Introduction In recent decades, research on land use/land cover change has become an important aspect of global change, or global warming studies, since land use/land cover change is a major factor for global change because of its interactions with climate, ecosystem processes, biogeochemical cycles, biodiversity, and, even more important, human activities. Dynamic urban change processes, especially the tremendous worldwide expansion of urban population and urbanized area, affect natural and human systems at all geographic scales. Todays, the rapid growth of urban areas has led to complex problems, including traffic congestion, environmental pollution, reduced open space, the deterioration of old downtown centers, and unplanned or poorly planned land development. Urbanization both in population and spatial extent, transforms the landscape from the natural cover types to impervious urban lands. This phenomenon is one of the most important factors that changes land surface leading to modification of receiving environments which are usually composed of natural cover. Rapid urbanization in recent decades and land use changes in urban periphery especially in big cities are the fundamental challenges of sustainable development in the world. Increasing of urbanization tendency and rural – urban migration, unsuitable management of urban development caused that the green spaces and gardens in urban periphery and in inner areas changed to urban profitable land use and especially residential areas. In this research urban expansion and rapid urbanized areas and effect of these challenges in urban green spaces are analyzed. Methodology To address these urban problems and to identify approaches for sustainable development, many researchers have focused on evaluation urban land-use changes. In this research, we selected Tabriz City for analyzing as a case study. Urban green spaces changes in Tabriz analyzed using Landsat satellite images for past decades. Satellite remote sensing provides an important source of land use/land cover data and can be utilized to monitor the changes in these data efficiently. In the first, we were made geo reference and necessary correction for satellite images and then we classified images using Erdas imaging 2014 software. For Quantitative assessment, the maps export to Arc GIS 10. 3.1 Software and finally, the green spaces land use maps and tables are produced. For analyzing green areas in future, green spaces changings in 1410 are modeled using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) base of past changes pattern. Artificial neural networks are able to approximate accurately complicated nonlinear input–output relationships. Like their physics-based numerical model counterparts, ANNs require training or calibration. After training, each application of the trained ANN is an estimation of a simple algebraic expression with known coefficients and is executed practically instantaneously. The ANN technique is flexible enough to accommodate additional constraints that may arise in the application. Results and discussion Result show that, urban expansions to per-urban and especially in green areas and orchards have been made major changes in urban green spaces. Evaluation of green space areas from 1355 to 1385 show that the green areas are decreased from 5916.53 to 4373.96 hectares. In 30 years periods, 1542 hectares of green areas destroyed and percent of green areas in Tabriz limit, reduced from 23.31 to 17.23. The land use changing in this period has been slowly. But, the green rate damages, in last decade is too fast and urban green areas in 1395 is 1709.02 hectares that contain 6.73 percent of city limit (25000 hectares city limit). In last decade, 2664 hectares in Tabriz green spaces, change to other land use and especially in 1385 to 1390 the rate of changing was faster and most of 50 percent of green areas in this period are demolished. In ANN modeling results, Tabriz will lose 1076 hectares of green areas from 1395 to 1410. Conclusions Therefore, the results indicate that the lack of proper planning of Tabriz's urban development in the last half century and especially in the past decade has caused irreparable damage to the green spaces of Tabriz, and will continue the trend in the coming years will threaten sustainable urban development and ecological balance of Tabriz city
Urban Planning
Mohammad Reza Pourmohammadi; Freydon Babai Aghdam; Kiomars Naimi
Abstract
Introduction Almost half of the world's population lives in cities. According to the report (UN-HABITAT) Urban areas in the next 30 years, They will be the most important centers of world population growth and with this increase in population, Planners and governments of developing countries They face ...
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Introduction Almost half of the world's population lives in cities. According to the report (UN-HABITAT) Urban areas in the next 30 years, They will be the most important centers of world population growth and with this increase in population, Planners and governments of developing countries They face the challenge of high poverty growth rates. However, The manifestation of poverty that was once more characteristic of rural areas, Today it has become more and more urban. One of the main consequences of increasing poverty in cities and urbanization of poverty, housing shortage and the increasing formation of lower urban settlements, The population of these settlements for 2020 is estimated at 889 million people Lower urban settlements or what is commonly called "informal housing". It is one of the problems facing today's cities, especially at the local level. After years of remediation trials, it is still the lower urban settlements They are a fundamental challenge for cities. In dealing with the phenomenon of spontaneous and inferior urban settlements Various approaches and programs have been used That experience has shown That physical dominance approach and without addressing the needs, wants and priorities of the local community and weak participation of local communities and the absence of stakeholders in the planning and implementation process, Many things have become inefficient.in this study using the intellectual base of foresight, In order to explain the plan The new approach foresight in this area, To discuss and review identify key factors, The amount and How Effectiveness And explain These conditions possible And finally formulate possible scenarios and identify optimal scenarios affecting the future status of urban slums in Sanandaj. Methodology This research is fundamental-applied in terms of purpose and it is descriptive-analytical in nature based on new methods of futures research. Library-field method, questionnaire and environmental scanning technique were used to collect information.The questionnaires were completed through a group of experts and experts in the field of housing planning and development. In order to conduct research, various futures research techniques are used, including environmental scanning, interaction / structural impact analysis and scenario writing. Has provided a comprehensive combination in presenting a new method of urban studies foresight. Also from specialized futures research software such as MICMAC and SCENARIOWIZARD For the first time in urban studies with emphasis on planning studies of lower urban settlements, has been used in this study. Which is one of the key features of this research. Results and discussion Finally results reveal that, 54 operating in 6 areas by environmental scanning, affecting the future status Urban Slums and inner city and eventually identified 54 of these after the review and how these factors impact on each other and on the future status Residences No. 12, which had the key to the future status of Urban Slums and inner city plays were selected by defining the conditions of each factor in the future progress of these residents may be the number 45 has been designed. By 45 × 45 matrix based on scripting and using the knowledge of experts in the relevant fields to assess the efficacy of each of the states on the occurrence or non-occurrence of other states, using the software SCENARIOWIZARD, 3 strong scenarios, 14 High compatible scenarios(unbelievable) and 250 weak scenarios were detected that this study to analyzes 14 High compatible scenarios. The collection After the conclusion of three scenarios were presented. Conclusion The first scenario as the most likely scenario is not of High desirability The further continuation of the status quo With slow growth And interstitial Is. The second scenario as the most favorable scenario Which reflects better conditions And optimistic with the gradual growth Is to improve And The third likely scenario is more indicative of interstitial and static situations and crisis. Finally for Recreation of Sustainability Should be targeting And formulate effective policies Trying that favorable conditions in the scenarios will be realized in the future And the adverse and critical situations to be taken. Hence a number of general strategies are presented: - Focus on key drivers affecting the future status of Sanandaj lower urban settlements and efforts to better manage them - Having a strong program-oriented macro-country management and also having a dynamic economy in the country - Implementing policies in rural areas and small towns to control migration to the city of Sanandaj and create population stability in the province - Efforts to control land and housing prices as well as formulate policies to provide efficient housing - Strict supervision of land around the city and management during construction on the outskirts of the city - Efforts to increase the influence of local institutions and increase institutional trust - Efforts to improve the environmental status of these settlements by the city administration - Efforts to raise the level of literacy of the people and encourage the formation of new reference groups
Mohammad Hossein Ramesht; Alireza Arab Ameri
Volume 17, Issue 45 , November 2013, , Pages 69-96
Abstract
Iran has a dry land with very small amount of precipitation so that its average rainfall is less than one third of average rainfall in the world. Nowadays, with increase in population demand for food increased. Therefore, utilization of water resources extended much more than the past. This amount of ...
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Iran has a dry land with very small amount of precipitation so that its average rainfall is less than one third of average rainfall in the world. Nowadays, with increase in population demand for food increased. Therefore, utilization of water resources extended much more than the past. This amount of consumption was more than the amount of ground water resources. In other words, input source become less than output. Therefore shortage of ground water resources should be compensated through artificial recharge of ground water resources.
The purpose of this study is zoning watershed for artificial recharge ground water. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is one of the most efficient techniques designed to multiple criteria decision making. This technique allows formulation of complex issues as hierarchy and also provides the possibility to consider various quantitative and qualitative criteria in question. To ensure the final results, potential layer of study area was provided in raster calculator, weighed overlay and weighted sum methods. The results show that among the three methods mentioned above raster calculator method allocated the maximum of area to high potential against weighed overlay that allocated the minimum area. But the weighted sum method is between the two methods and results of its confidence is higher. Among these, zones with highest potential are based on more coarse alluvial sediments and most areas with the highest density and zones with lowest potential both coincide with highest altitutes with the lowest penetration and steep slope and the low areas with high density of gypsum deposits and high rate of evaporation and temperature. The results of this study can be used in environmental management of groundwater resources and also the fruitful exploitation of optimal design of water resources and prevention of over exploitation of which can be productive.
Mohammadreza pourmohammadi; Mirsattar Sadremusavi; Asgar Abedini
Volume 19, Issue 53 , September 2015, , Pages 69-92
Abstract
The worn out texture is a type that has been formed, developed and faced functioned problems through years and does not meet today needs. Therefore it is very important to pay attention and plan to improve the current situation of the worn out textures to avoid it from worsening over time. There are ...
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The worn out texture is a type that has been formed, developed and faced functioned problems through years and does not meet today needs. Therefore it is very important to pay attention and plan to improve the current situation of the worn out textures to avoid it from worsening over time. There are 1313.2 acres of worn out texture which include three types firstly, historical worn out texture, secondly, middle worn out texture, and third, marginal worn out texture; each has its own specifications pushing different results according to their areas. This paper has tried to evaluate organizing policies, identify of important criteria, analyze current challenges in timeworn textures and finally prioritize different worn out textures by using network analyze process. This article has used ANP model in housing and timeworn texture sector.
seyedeh khadijeh Rezatabe; Rahim Heydari Chiane
Volume 18, Issue 47 , April 2014, , Pages 71-108
Abstract
Transportation is one of the essential sectors of the cities and its appropriate planning can create the initial yardsticks for the presence and the interpretation of mutual spatial relations of the cities. The weaknesses of the management and the substantial plans have all caused challenges in the utilization ...
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Transportation is one of the essential sectors of the cities and its appropriate planning can create the initial yardsticks for the presence and the interpretation of mutual spatial relations of the cities. The weaknesses of the management and the substantial plans have all caused challenges in the utilization of the existing potentials of the urban transportation systems. The data required for this research were provided from library sources and the interview of one-third of the transportation sector administrators through the CDS methodology and in a simple random sampling procedure for Rasht city. In order to confirm the validity of the questionnaires we applied Alpha Chronbach method and for the compilation of the strategies we applied SWOT and SPACE techniques. Finally we used ANP and QSPM methods for prioritization of the strategies. Results obtained from the application of SWOT method gave rise to points 2.23 and 2.87. Therefore, the transportation situation in Rasht city has located in defensive conditions and in planning the defensive approach should be selected. Also the results of evaluation of SPACE technique were similar to the results of SWOT. The key issues of such planning was prioritized based on the promotion of organizational and managerial plans, the provision of financial budget, the employment of specialized human power, the enhancement of engineering and cooperative infrastructures, and the legal and cultural indicators. Thereafter, based on the analysis and evaluation of the criteria and sub-criteria under environmental and structural frameworks, we proposed six choices among which the priorities go to the effective strategies respectively, including the promotion of managerial and organizational plans (30.95%), financial budgeting (22.32%), the employment of multi-specialized human force (14.94%), the enhancement of engineering and cooperative infrastructures (12.7%), the enhancement of cultural levels (10.01%), and legal enhancement (8.97%).
Climatology
Ali Mohammad Khrshieddoust; Hamid Mirhashemi; Mousa Nazari
Volume 23, Issue 68 , September 2019, , Pages 71-90
Abstract
Evaporation is one of the important factors in the hydrological cycle and is one of the determinants of energy equilibrium at ground level and water balance, which is required in various areas such as hydrology, hydrology, agriculture, forest management, and management of water resources (Sanei Nejad ...
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Evaporation is one of the important factors in the hydrological cycle and is one of the determinants of energy equilibrium at ground level and water balance, which is required in various areas such as hydrology, hydrology, agriculture, forest management, and management of water resources (Sanei Nejad et al., 2011). In this regard, one of the basic data in designing irrigation and drainage networks is the amount of evaporation power in each region. Because the design of transmission networks, such as drainage or drainage channels, as well as other parts of water design, depends on the amount of water required by the evaporation phenomenon (Jahanbakhsh et al., 1380). In general, evaporation hydrology is generally referred to as the phenomenon of water It simply turns steam into a physical process.
Iraj Jabbari
Volume 17, Issue 44 , September 2013, , Pages 73-93
Abstract
This study examines the spatial variations of water quality of the AlvandRiver in the west of KermanshahProvince. Nine sites were selected for sampling from the Alvand corridor، and ten parameters of water quality-temperature of environment (ET), temperature of river (ER), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), ...
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This study examines the spatial variations of water quality of the AlvandRiver in the west of KermanshahProvince. Nine sites were selected for sampling from the Alvand corridor، and ten parameters of water quality-temperature of environment (ET), temperature of river (ER), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), electric conductivity, turbidity, TDS and salinity were measured twice in each season. In order to measure heavy metals (Cu, Al, Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni, Mn, V) and also for measuring the total coli form and the faucal coliform, two samples were taken on March and August 2006. The comparative and cluster analysis of the data show that increase in most parameters of water quality and coli forms gradually increased in a downstream direction through crossing populated sites. However, irregular flucatuations of turbidity and COD were observed at the entrance of Ghare-Boolagh. The fluctuation of river heavy metals was found to be considerable. The amount of Cr and Ni were especially high in the Rijab (first station); nevertheless, most other heavy metals were reached their peak in the middle of the river, between Sar-pol-e-Zahab and Ghare-Boolagh, especially before Ghare-Boolagh. A small branch of the river joining from the north of the region seems to be responsible for most of the increases observed in the heavy metals. Turbidity, Cod, Cd and Pb were respectively 16 N.T.U., 8 mg/L, 111.2 and 2.9 pbb at this branch of Alvand river. Whereas, these parameters were respectively 0.068 N.T.U., 0.199 mg/L, 0.068 and, 199 pbb at Rijab in the upstream.
Hossein asakereh
Volume 16, Issue 39 , May 2012, , Pages 73-88
Abstract
Understanding the heavy precipitation behaviors tend toward easy planning, designing, act and management of the water recourses. There are many definitions on heavy precipitation in different professional references. Two important extreme indices are maximum precipitation and five highest precipitations ...
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Understanding the heavy precipitation behaviors tend toward easy planning, designing, act and management of the water recourses. There are many definitions on heavy precipitation in different professional references. Two important extreme indices are maximum precipitation and five highest precipitations in a year. One characteristic of heavy precipitation is variation in time and space. Accordingly’ it is important to study this phenomenon by high resolution in time and space. To investigate heavy rains in Zanjan, daily precipitation during 1961-2006 have been analyzed. The trends of maximum precipitation and their ratio to annual precipitation, the trends of five highest precipitations and their ratio to annual precipitation have been modeled by Non-parametric methods. The results in two scales (annual and monthly) show no trends in time series, while there are high fluctuation periods during 1961-1973 and low fluctuation periods during 1974-2006.
Vakil Heydari Sarban
Volume 16, Issue 40 , September 2012, , Pages 75-96
Abstract
The world experiments show that agricultural section is important from point of view food stuff supply, employment generation, currency provision and supply of the other economic sections such as industrial activities and also the role that has on the national gross production. Also capabilities and ...
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The world experiments show that agricultural section is important from point of view food stuff supply, employment generation, currency provision and supply of the other economic sections such as industrial activities and also the role that has on the national gross production. Also capabilities and local and regional relative advantages on every rural region is different by reason of making an effect from different economic, social and environmental views including the wherewithal and condition of demography, production, geography, climate, infrastructure etc. This important result comes out in that some rural regions by reason of agricultural development having superiority in relation to other regions. Also the cognition of local and regional advantages and capabilities each rural region is the fundamental principle of rural and agricultural planning. Until capabilities, capacities and rural regions advantages are considered for the agricultural development any region had its special planning for developmental purposes. The purpose of the present study was to prioritize Meshkinshahr Dehstans in terms of agricultural development aspects. The methodological approach was a descriptive–analytical survey type. Statistical population consisted of all farmers in Meshkinshar County. The sample size was determined by using Cockran formula (n=185). The content and face validity of the instrument was specified after several reviews and correction by the faculty members of the University and several expertise of administrative offices. A pilot test was conducted to determine the reliability of questionnaires and Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0.82 was achieved. The achieved data was analyzed by TOPSIS technique. The assumption was that the good quality of every index evenly is rising (or declining). As the matter of fact the best existence value from each index indicates positive ideals and the worst existence value from that index indicates negative ideals. Also indexes are detached from each other. At the end, the results of multi-attribute decision making methods in the base of calculated weights showed that Dehestans of Meshkine Shargi and Garasou were located in the first rank in view of agricultural developemnt, respectively, and Dehestans of Nogdou were positioned in the last rank. Finally, based on the results of analysis, some applied recommendations have been provided
Hamid Shayan; Ali Akbar Taghilo; Ali Akbar Anabestani
Volume 16, Issue 38 , February 2012, , Pages 75-100
Abstract
Participation, one of the strategies sustainable developments, has faced to challenges in process of operation. These challenges have cultural - intellectual roots or have linked to the strategies attraction of participation. This article searches weak roots of informal and formal participation of villagers ...
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Participation, one of the strategies sustainable developments, has faced to challenges in process of operation. These challenges have cultural - intellectual roots or have linked to the strategies attraction of participation. This article searches weak roots of informal and formal participation of villagers within the intellectual method-cultural. The research methodology is based on descriptive and analytical and the tool of data collection is questionnaires and documents methods. Research findings indicate that about 80 percent of community participation does not participate or is less in formal institutions. But about 60 percent of people have non-formal public participation that the major reason relates it to traditions and social customs and is not related to personal motivation and intellectual. According to The statistical analysis, factors of none participation in the official activities has significant relationship with the rate of individualism, none responsible, poor trust people on each other and the lack of futurism. As regards civil institutions can create culture of participation in community so strength and structure of civil institutions and NGOs can overcome barriers of participation.
Urban Planning
Akbar Rahimi
Abstract
use it, is the most important issues in urban planning. Urban development and land conservation policies in the surrounding cities, has been the main challenges for urban planners in recent decades and Infill development strategy, that is the form of smart growth, new urbanism and sustainable development, ...
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use it, is the most important issues in urban planning. Urban development and land conservation policies in the surrounding cities, has been the main challenges for urban planners in recent decades and Infill development strategy, that is the form of smart growth, new urbanism and sustainable development, pay attention to this subject. This study aimed to identify potential development in inner area of city, to explain the development and application of this policy in the future development of Tabriz city, using systemic analysis. Using this method, infill development potential map in Tabriz for allocating urban further development were prepared. Result show that, the urban expanded to periphery in last decades, in the neglect of inner potentials. Analyzing of infill development potentials, such as incompatible land use, vacant and abandoned land, building components with low density (one floor) and tissue damage indicate that, there are approximately 4974 hectare of potentials for future development. The results of this study show that using of infill development strategy for further development of Tabriz, not only the destruction of farm lands and orchards around the city will be reduced, but also the economic costs, establishment of urban infrastructure costs and etc. will decreased and spatial dynamic form will be using the removal of incompatible and inefficient land uses, Improvement and renovation of old and informal district.
