seayed asadollah Hejazi
Volume 18, Issue 50 , February 2015, , Pages 135-152
Abstract
This article aims to evaluate sensitivity of Goijabel basin lands in landsliding based on GIS and AHP. The main reason for selection of this basin for research is to observe the current landsliding in the region by the author and environmental preservation attitude of the authors. This basin is one of ...
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This article aims to evaluate sensitivity of Goijabel basin lands in landsliding based on GIS and AHP. The main reason for selection of this basin for research is to observe the current landsliding in the region by the author and environmental preservation attitude of the authors. This basin is one of the sub-basins of Aharchi in area of 7406 Hectares with geographical statues of 46,47,21/26 to 46,56,53/64 east longitude and 38,21, 42/13 to 38,27,39/04 north latitude. The criteria selected for analysis of landsliding sensitivity in the study basin involve nine parameters (slope, aspect, height, lithology, fault, road, landuse, precipitation and main water ways) extracted from basic maps, field studies and spot satellite images and their primary valuation was conducted by using GIS techniques in five layers relative to the effect of each measure on incidence of landsliding. Then pair comparison of the layers was carried out by using Mariyoni attached program (AHP extension) and final map of the land sensitivity in landsliding was extracted. The results of landsliding sensitivity analysis in Goijabel basin showed that the most effective factor in land sliding is lithology with weight of 0.3113 according to the highest weight and then the height with minimum weight of 0.0178 is the criterion with lowest effect in landsliding. Also the analysis of landsliding danger in the study basin shows that endangered lands with high sliding capability involve 1222 ha which cover %16.5 of the total regions.
Rural Planning
ahmad roumiani; Tahere saddlebag; Soroush Sanaei Moghaddam
Volume 23, Issue 68 , September 2019, , Pages 135-156
Abstract
Public places in villages are belonging to all the people and they are built to provide needs of having relationship among people. That’s why nowadays these kinds of places must have a great role in planning of rural areas and by that they would be able to improve the level of happiness and wealth ...
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Public places in villages are belonging to all the people and they are built to provide needs of having relationship among people. That’s why nowadays these kinds of places must have a great role in planning of rural areas and by that they would be able to improve the level of happiness and wealth among people in all economic, social, cultural and environmental aspects. Therefore, the main abject of this project would be analyzing the needs of the people from this kind of public places in the study area. Research method is of descriptive-analysis based on field research and observations and it’s a functional project. Statistic community is habitants of Dehdasht gharbi of kohkilouye province which includes over 1460 households in the region. Among these 1460 families we chose randomly 226 samples using Cochran formula with 0.06 percent risk of error. For analyzing data, we have used freedman and correlation tests. The results of the freedman showed that indicators; comfort, pleasure and conservation have allocated themselves the most part of the periodization with amounts of 7.26, 4.90 and 3.78 respectively. On the other hand, results of the multiple regression tests showed that most of the correlation is between environmental skeletal and social vitality with amount of 0.372 and 0.275 respectively and these indicators have had great influence on other indicators as well.
Shahrivar Rustaee; Mohsen Ahadnejad; Akbar Asgharizamani; Alireza Zangane; Shahram Saeedi
Volume 19, Issue 53 , September 2015, , Pages 137-166
Abstract
Abstract Informal Settlements, resulting from swift urbanization in the contemporary world and the socioeconomic inequalities across regions, have made cities-especially metropolises like Kermanshah, Iran- face a great deal of problems. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the informal settlements ...
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Abstract Informal Settlements, resulting from swift urbanization in the contemporary world and the socioeconomic inequalities across regions, have made cities-especially metropolises like Kermanshah, Iran- face a great deal of problems. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the informal settlements of Dolat Abad and Shater Abad in Kermanshah. To this end, an analytic-quantitative method with an applied approach was used, and the statistical population of the research consisted of Dolat Abad and Shater Abad settlements, based in western and eastern Kermanshah, respectively. So, the information on the statistical blocks in 2006 and 30 indexes, changed into three combined factors, were analyzed by factor analysis, Arc/GIS and Arc/View Software. As for Dolat Abad settlement, the results showed that 20 blocks (11.1% of the population) had appropriate states in terms of poverty, and 31 (17.2%), 57 (31.7%), 50 (27.8%) and 16 blocks (8.9%) held relatively appropriate, average, relatively inappropriate and inappropriate states in terms of poverty, respectively. Furthermore, the results of evaluation of poverty in Shater Abad settlement demonstrated that 12 blocks (4.5% of the population) had inappropriate states in terms of poverty, and 74 (28%), 92 (34.8%), 60 (22.7%) and 13 blocks (4.9%) held relatively inappropriate, average, relatively appropriate and appropriate states in terms of poverty, respectively. In addition, the results of the present study suggested that the residential blocks based in Kermanshah were sites for manifestation of social, economic, cultural and structural distinctions. These settlements symbolize poverty and go through a different process in terms of dynamics, and more to the point, the existence of inequality across the urban areas of Kermanshah has led to spatial, social and economic segregation. Not to mention, the results of the present work were dependent on the applied indexes, which may be affected through applying other ones.
Daryosh Rahimi; Seayed Hojat Mosavy
Volume 17, Issue 44 , September 2013, , Pages 139-159
Abstract
In recent decades, growing trend of Shahroud city has implied the strategy of groundwater resources management in the region more than before. One of the strategies of water resources management is the identification of zones with various potential and utilization from them with attention to their capacity. ...
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In recent decades, growing trend of Shahroud city has implied the strategy of groundwater resources management in the region more than before. One of the strategies of water resources management is the identification of zones with various potential and utilization from them with attention to their capacity. The aim of this study is the zoning of Shahroud-Bastam basin using effective factors in nutrition of groundwater through AHP model and GIS technique. To achieve the goals, we used geology, climatology, geomorphology and hydrology criteria. We recognized five potential areas such as high, good, moderate, low and no potential regions. Finally, to ensure final results, potential layer of study area was prepared by three ways of raster calculator, weighed overlay and weighted sum. The results show that among five defined zones, area maximum and minimum of high potential zones have been given in the first and second methods, respectively. But the third method is between previous methods, and its results have the higher reliability. The zones with high potential are coincident on coarse alluvial deposits of Quaternary era and alluvial fans. The zones with no potential are coincident with the maximum elevation areas having clay and marl depositions. The results of this research can be fruitful in plans of environment management of groundwater resources and preventing from -overexploitation of their power.
Javad Khoshhal; Abbasali Vali; Moahsen Pourkhosravani
Volume 16, Issue 42 , March 2013, , Pages 139-153
Abstract
Attention to agricultural production capabilities in every region is related to climatic characteristics, so study on the climatic parameters is very important. This study evaluates for assessment the effect of wind on crop conditions and optimizes the amount of crop conditions by wind break on wheat ...
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Attention to agricultural production capabilities in every region is related to climatic characteristics, so study on the climatic parameters is very important. This study evaluates for assessment the effect of wind on crop conditions and optimizes the amount of crop conditions by wind break on wheat in Mohammad Abad in Esfahan. For assessment of changes that are resulting from carminative agronomic Traits of Wheat include: grain weight, number of grains per spike, spikes per square meter, grain yield, biological yield and percentage resting form a complete random design treatments. Distance carminative height was evaluated. Analysis of variance showed significant difference in the level of 1 percent for grain weight, yield and resting percent and 5 percent levels for biological yield and grain number per spike showed. Test to compare mean grain weight, number of grains per spike, spike in m², grain yield, biological yield and percentage resting treatments at different levels indicated significant differences in the averages of each trait in each treatment. Test results compare mean grain weight, number of grains per spike and grain yield indicate a trend similar to the distance from carminative are interactively with increasing distance from the windbreak to 5 times the height of all traits increase. So that significant differences between their control and this is evident from the values of these traits point to reach their maximum and then with increasing amounts of their distance decreases and amounts to 15 times the height of the traits seen carminative without significant difference. For the adjective percentage resting contrast crop plant performance has done so, these traits also influenced by distance are carminative. But the spike in m² and biological function are not affected of distance from the windbreak
Mosa Abedini; Hasan Setayeshi Nesaz
Volume 18, Issue 49 , November 2014, , Pages 139-165
Abstract
Zoning of Landslide hazards is one of the ways that used to determine critical areas. Landslide zoning maps can also be utilized in environmental planning to reduce damage. In the present article, the AHP has been applied to the Gollojeh basin located in Zanjan province. The most important factors in ...
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Zoning of Landslide hazards is one of the ways that used to determine critical areas. Landslide zoning maps can also be utilized in environmental planning to reduce damage. In the present article, the AHP has been applied to the Gollojeh basin located in Zanjan province. The most important factors in landslide occurrence in this study basin were identified as: geology formation, slope%, land use, height and distance from river, slope aspect, rainfall and faults. After layering and assigning weights to them the final map was produced in Arc GIS .The final results from this study show that the weight of the nine criteria respectively: are 0.4092, 0.2485, 0.1439, 0.0786, 0.0479, 0.0309, 0.023, 0.0181 with geology and faults having the greatest and last weights. Finally the landslide map denoting in four domains at very high risk, high risk, medium risk and low risk was prepaerd.
Climatology
Kamran Zeinalzadeh; Neda Khanmohammadi
Abstract
Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is one of the important factors to determine crop water requirement. Accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) value has a very important role in water resources management and optimizing agricultural water consumption. In other words, calculating the ...
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Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is one of the important factors to determine crop water requirement. Accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) value has a very important role in water resources management and optimizing agricultural water consumption. In other words, calculating the accurate values of this parameter plays an important role in irrigation planning and consequently existent water resources management.
Asghar Zarrabi; Raheleh Saniei
Volume 16, Issue 40 , September 2012, , Pages 141-159
Abstract
Vulnerability of cities for earthquakes argue is a topic that is urban planning experts.
This subject has variety of aspects such as stability and by instability of structural material. It's relation with humanities indexes is studied as urban planning hidden sector and the planning ignoring it will ...
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Vulnerability of cities for earthquakes argue is a topic that is urban planning experts.
This subject has variety of aspects such as stability and by instability of structural material. It's relation with humanities indexes is studied as urban planning hidden sector and the planning ignoring it will fail. Purpose of this research, is the determination of humanities indexes which affect on urban area stability and instability of structural material in Iran states.
Therefore, this research has used analytic and quantitative methods. At first, stability and instability of structural Material were calculated by SDI method. In this method Iran states were divided in to four parts including Mazandran, Ilam, Esfehan, Gilan, Markazy, Kohkilooye and Boyer Ahmad and Tehran as developing states. In the second step, by using factor analysis 90 factors are reduced to 11 effective factors. Regression model detected that first, fourth; seventh and ninth factors have the highest effects in developing material.
Climatology
ali Mohammad Khorshiddoust; Behrooz Sobhani; Kamel Azarm; Jamal Amini
Volume 19, Issue 52 , June 2015, , Pages 141-161
Abstract
Canola is the world third leading oil seed after soybean and oil palm by producing 15 percent of the global plant oil. Climate, topography and lands capability are the most important environmental factors on which the crop production capability in a region depends. Therefore by evaluating these factors ...
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Canola is the world third leading oil seed after soybean and oil palm by producing 15 percent of the global plant oil. Climate, topography and lands capability are the most important environmental factors on which the crop production capability in a region depends. Therefore by evaluating these factors one can identify suitable lands for canola cultivation. In the present study, the climatological data such as temperature, precipitation, growth degree day, relative humidity, freezing days, and sunshine hours were collected from the West Azerbaijan province synoptic and rain gauge stations (since their installation untill 1388) which were associated with the phenologic stages of canola growth. In addition to the climatological data, earth resources like topographic layers, lands capability, soil depth and land-use were analyzed focusing on the climatological and ecological requirements of canola. After generalizing the data and processing by using ArcGIS, their corresponding information layers were derived. In order to prioritize and assess the criteria and information layers in relation to each other, the multi criteria decision method was employed based on analytical hierarchy process. Then, combination and spatial analysis of the information layers using TOPSIS model and GIS capabilities were done and the final capability ecological evaluation layer for canola cultivation was produced. Based on the obtained results, the province lands were divided into four categories of highly suitable (%18.6), suitable (%34.4), moderate (%32.1) and weak (%14.7) lands on the basis of the environmental and climatologocal potentials for canola cultivation.
Climatology
faride habibi; Mahboobe Firoozabadi; fatemeh zarei
Volume 22, Issue 66 , January 2019, , Pages 141-162
Abstract
This research is investigated the precipitation system which created the significant rainfall and flooding in the southern and southwestern of Iran on the 14 and 15th March 2014, with using Metar and Synop reports from the synoptic stations of southern provinces; and weather patterns such as: mean see ...
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This research is investigated the precipitation system which created the significant rainfall and flooding in the southern and southwestern of Iran on the 14 and 15th March 2014, with using Metar and Synop reports from the synoptic stations of southern provinces; and weather patterns such as: mean see level pressure - advections of humid, temperature at 1000, 850 and 500 hpa - the pressure tendency over 24 hours at 500 hpa; wind field at 1000 and 200 hpa - and jet stream at 200 hpa. This rainy system was compared with the system of March 1996, which it had the second largest maximum rainfall in this region during the past 58 years. The weather patterns of March 2014 are quite different from patterns of March 1996. The first case has been created by potential instability due to the dynamic low pressure, but the latter has been formed by the combination of Mediterranean low pressure and Sudanese low. Of course, the gradual meridianization of the strong sub-tropical jet stream in the northwestern part of Africa, and penetration of its branch over the Persian Gulf have helped to intensify the instability of these areas on the mentioned days.The Maximum 24-hour rainfall has been reported from Bandarabbas, Rudan and Kahnuj stations that their amount was respectively 110, 78.5 and 69 mm. Three stations located in the easterly flank of precipitation system where there was the abundant moisture nutrition from the Strait of Hormuz. The left exit region of sub-tropical jet stream was situated over the hormozgan province and caused the lifting air flow in the region. The sum of these factors have caused the maximum rainfall occurs in this province
Manochehr Farajzadeh; Saeed Rajaee Najafabadi
Volume 17, Issue 45 , November 2013, , Pages 142-162
Abstract
In this paper we study the heavy precipitation and probability of occurring flood as a result of it for Koohrang station. The synoptic and discharge maps were chosen and drawn in purpose of showing the discharge peak for 29 February by175 mm rainfall. In this day a low pressure center was located in ...
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In this paper we study the heavy precipitation and probability of occurring flood as a result of it for Koohrang station. The synoptic and discharge maps were chosen and drawn in purpose of showing the discharge peak for 29 February by175 mm rainfall. In this day a low pressure center was located in Greek. As this center expanded to the north, the thermal low pressure above the Sudan and Saudi Arabia became dynamic and stretched toward the west of Iran. According to the sea surface, 500 mb and moisture flow, this heavy rainfall was the result of the instability from surface to 500 geopotential levels and generated 5.7 m2/s discharges in the regain.
Afsaneh Abbassi; Hoshang Ghaemi
Volume 17, Issue 43 , October 2013, , Pages 145-168
Abstract
In this research five synoptic stations are selected including Mehrabad, Karaj, Gazvin, Ramsar and Noshahr. After analysis and processing of the parameters such as wind speed, dew point, pressure and storm coefficient data, PMP in continuation of 24 and 48 hours for related basin was estimated, in order ...
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In this research five synoptic stations are selected including Mehrabad, Karaj, Gazvin, Ramsar and Noshahr. After analysis and processing of the parameters such as wind speed, dew point, pressure and storm coefficient data, PMP in continuation of 24 and 48 hours for related basin was estimated, in order of 140/56 , 254/ 58mm. Considering resulted number and obtained flow in 1374/68 and 40% ronoff average daily flow we estimated 550 , which in comparison with the maximum daily flow in Siera (dam entrance) station with 20 years statistical period which is 154/54 for being acceptable. According to synoptic charts, three rainfall systems caused 24 hours Maximum precipitation turn in 48 hours.
Climatology
Nafiseh Rahimi; Saeed jahanbakhsh; Brooman Salahei
Volume 23, Issue 70 , March 2020, , Pages 145-167
Abstract
Strong winds are one of natural disasters that sometimes cause enormous Financial and physical damages. Since northwest of Iran and specially Ardabil Province is one of windy regions, this study tried to identify synoptic patterns which bring strong winds. Through considering equal and threshold wind ...
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Strong winds are one of natural disasters that sometimes cause enormous Financial and physical damages. Since northwest of Iran and specially Ardabil Province is one of windy regions, this study tried to identify synoptic patterns which bring strong winds. Through considering equal and threshold wind speeding over 28 knots per second, 783 days identified as wind crashing days in Ardabil province. Then by data component- based analysis of 500hPa geo-potential height of the 783-days detected seven components which explain 92% of variance. Finally by clustering seven components identified ten patterns as synoptic patterns that are responsible for Strong wind of Ardabil province. The survey of topographic arrangement of these patterns indicates the rise of trough and ridge levels to these patterns. This means that the patterns consists of, mainly, trough, ridge, or combination of both and aren’t observed other systems such as cut off, block systems, etc. Although mentioned systems may be observe in individual patterns of each of the 783 days, but the systems aren’t responsible for the dominance and influence. The temporal distribution patterns show that two patterns, 6 and 7which occurs in the summer, has a similar system at 1000 hPa level when it compares with other models which occur in winter, spring, fall. What's notable, reversal of location position of pressure systems, 1000 hPa, in two patterns of summer, so that a low pressure instead of high pressure is over the Zagros and a high pressure instead of low pressure is over the Caspian Sea.
Asghar Zarabi; Azam Safarabadi
Volume 17, Issue 46 , February 2014, , Pages 147-170
Abstract
Ecotourism or nature tourism is one of the branches of tourism that is based on natural attractions. Ecotourism industry includes strategies to identify areas of prone nature and the planning for these areas to attract ecotourists and create the infrastructure facilities for them. City of Kermanshah ...
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Ecotourism or nature tourism is one of the branches of tourism that is based on natural attractions. Ecotourism industry includes strategies to identify areas of prone nature and the planning for these areas to attract ecotourists and create the infrastructure facilities for them. City of Kermanshah is among regions with interesting scenery which enjoys rich cultural and historical attractions in the field of tourism. This study tries to evaluate the challenges and opportunities of nature tourism of this city using SWOT strategic model and to present appropriate strategies to achieve sustainable ecotourism for the region. It is a descriptive-analytical study and data collection is done using library, survey and documentary methods. The results of this study indicate that pristine nature and high ecotourism capabilities with a score of 0.45 and varied climate with a score of 0.32 are among the most important strengths. Lack of proper introduction of the region attractions with a score of 0.32 is the most important weakness. Job creation with score of 0.36 and visits management with a score of 0.28 are the most important opportunities and Lack of organized and studied programs with a score of 0.40 are the most important threats to the sustainable development in ecotourism of the area.
Shahrivar Roostayee; Akbar Asgari Zamani; Ali Zolfi
Volume 18, Issue 47 , April 2014, , Pages 149-169
Abstract
In this paper the importance and necessity of knowing the characteristics of the natural environment to identify suitable locations for buildings and municipal buildings from poor areas, zoning lands to the central part of Aras Free Zone, was acting for urban development. Six indicators (distance from ...
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In this paper the importance and necessity of knowing the characteristics of the natural environment to identify suitable locations for buildings and municipal buildings from poor areas, zoning lands to the central part of Aras Free Zone, was acting for urban development. Six indicators (distance from the fault, the Aras river privacy, water studied privacy, land formation, land erosion and slope) were considered and produced. After defining the parameters, according to the research using AHP, by weighting each indicator in ArcGIS software capabilities in order to combine the indicators. The zoning map for urban development was obtained and evaluated. The results indicate that the most desirable locations for urban development based on the distance from natural hazards zones are in the South, South west and West regions where 4762 ha of area were allocated. Meanwhile in 2300 ha of land area, land for urban development was not desirable.
Davood Mokhtari
Volume 16, Issue 37 , November 2011, , Pages 151-172
Abstract
Geo-hiking tourism, which combines sport activities and appreciation of geological-geomorphological aspects of nature, is today one of the main recreational and economic activities among the markets which will experience a great increase in the near future. This paper presenting Payam Pass in northwest ...
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Geo-hiking tourism, which combines sport activities and appreciation of geological-geomorphological aspects of nature, is today one of the main recreational and economic activities among the markets which will experience a great increase in the near future. This paper presenting Payam Pass in northwest of Iran (38°17′05″-38°55′52″N and 45°46′13″-45°59′12″E) as a geomorphosite, illustrates a methodology to develop a thematic map, namely, the “geo-hiking map”. These maps emphasize the landscape elements that the tourist can recognize and observe, as well as the possible hazards. PayamPass has a strong geo-hiking-tourism vacation merit (its spectacular high-mountain landscape, dense network of hiking tracks, springs, winter sports possibilities, country climate). Thus, the study area shows geomorphological hazard levels of mass wasting, snow and rock avalanches, and aggradational and deggradational activities of rivers. The results emphasize and propose for the people in charge and planners to provide the geo-hiking maps for all gomorphosites of Iran. This study could represent an important instrument for a responsible and safe utilities of high-mountain tourist areas.
Geotourism
farnoush khorasani zadeh; hamid saberi; mehdi momeni; mienajaf mousavi
Abstract
Intoduction Vitality is the desire of citizens to be active and dynamic in urban environments, which makes urban spaces more prosperous and crowded and increases the presence of citizens in public spaces. So far, little attention has been paid to the vitality of urban environments in studies, research ...
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Intoduction Vitality is the desire of citizens to be active and dynamic in urban environments, which makes urban spaces more prosperous and crowded and increases the presence of citizens in public spaces. So far, little attention has been paid to the vitality of urban environments in studies, research and design projects of new cities in Iran. Cities are considered to be the most important political, technological, artistic, cultural and social fruits of human beings, and urban spaces of cities are the most important parts that shape the city. In the meantime, it is important to pay attention to the psychological and physical well-being of human beings. The development of today's cities has generally sacrificed this point for its physical growth and development. Today, one of the most important concerns in designing public spaces in the city is the vibrancy of these places, which continues the presence of citizens. Variety of uses can be mentioned as one of the most important factors in attracting people to this place, but at the same time, this factor alone cannot cause vitality and dynamism of the space. Other factors influencing the vitality of an urban space include cultural, social, and environmental factors. Methology The present research is descriptive in terms of practical purpose and analytical in terms of nature and descriptive method. Analysis has been used using descriptive statistics and inferential tests (T-test and analysis of variance) and differences and correlations between indicators using structural equation model.The statistical population of this study includes all citizens living in 4 regions of Isfahan, which according to the 2016 census, was 452453 people. The Cochran's formula was estimated to be 95% reliable with a sample size of 584 people. The statistical sample of the study is half of the residents and half of the tourists in the period of January 1996 to June 1997 present in the public spaces of 4 areas of the 15 districts located in the central part of the city and most tourists use these places as territory. Results and discussion Given that with improved security, and physical identity and attractiveness, vitality also improves. To measure the difference between the two independent groups of citizens and tourists on the average of a (quantitative) livability variable, the T test was used with independent samples. The results showed that the statistical value of t to compare the rate of vitality in public spaces in central Isfahan from the citizens' point of view. Tourists are equal to -0.630, and the probability of their significant study is 0.0529, which is higher than 0.05, so with 0.95 confidence, zero statistical assumption that the rate of vitality in public spaces is equal. Central Isfahan is approved from the point of view of citizens and tourists. As a result, the average livelihood is the same for citizens and tourists. Conclusion Vitality is the tendency of citizens to be active and dynamic in urban environments, which makes urban spaces more prosperous and crowded and increases the presence of citizens in public spaces. Vitality is one of the most important constructive qualities of urban spaces to improve the quality of urban spaces and create space.The descriptive and inferential results of the research have been analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software and the results of the hypothesis test showed that based on the results of the structural equation model, the effect of security on vitality is 0.221 and this coefficient has a significant effect . (Coefficient t is greater than 1.96) so the first hypothesis is confirmed. This means that with improved security, vitality also improves. The effect of identity on vitality is 0.854, and this coefficient has a significant effect (coefficient t more than 1.96), so the second hypothesis is confirmed. This means that with the improvement of identity, vitality also improves. The effect of physical attractiveness on vitality is 0.170 and this coefficient has a significant effect (coefficient t is more than 1.96) so the third hypothesis is confirmed. This means that as physical attractiveness improves, so does vitality. The level of vitality in public spaces in the central areas of Isfahan is confirmed from the point of view of citizens and tourists. As a result, the average livelihood is the same for citizens and tourists.
Yaghoob Zanganeh; Yaser Shamsolahzadeh
Volume 16, Issue 41 , November 2012, , Pages 153-168
Abstract
During the few recent decades one of important subjects that connected studies of tourism and has been in the center of researcher’s attention, and an image of tourist from a tourism destination. Most results of these researches indicated that mental image of tourists from a destination influences ...
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During the few recent decades one of important subjects that connected studies of tourism and has been in the center of researcher’s attention, and an image of tourist from a tourism destination. Most results of these researches indicated that mental image of tourists from a destination influences decision making to travel, their behavior during trip and intended renewed trips to that destination. Despite importance of this concept in development of tourism industry, with the exception of a few cases (e.g, in the case of foreign tourists), destination image subject has not been explored in Iran. The main purpose of this research is the examination and analysis of image of interior tourists before and after travel to Tabriz. Methodology of this research is surveying. Required information was gathered using questionnaires and then analyzed with statistical methods by SPSS software. The findings of this study show that travel to Tabriz city has had positive effect on tourist’s image from this city. There has been also positive correlation between tourists image after travel to Tabriz and their tendency to renewed travel to this city. The important point relative to sources is that tourists obtain information of travel by traditional methods (through friends and family members) before traveling to this city.
Swywd Hossein Mirmousavi; Mina Mirain
Volume 16, Issue 38 , February 2012, , Pages 153-178
Abstract
Ggiven that assessment data often point to be made, are necessary to generalize to the entire region, Interpolation operation have been done on areas of precipitation. In this study using Kriging and inverse weight method, interpolation of rainfall in KermanProvince has been attempted. For this purpose, ...
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Ggiven that assessment data often point to be made, are necessary to generalize to the entire region, Interpolation operation have been done on areas of precipitation. In this study using Kriging and inverse weight method, interpolation of rainfall in KermanProvince has been attempted. For this purpose, the monthly rainfall statistics for 9 synoptic stations in Kerman province and 11 synoptic stations neighboring provinces have been used.
The results of this study indicate that Kriging method with lower error levels is more appropriate for the interpolation of rainfall in this region. Models based on fitted Semivariogram models, Spherical, linear and exponential models provide better facilities for the preparation of a precipitation isomap. Between models in the spherical model for the months January to June and also in December, the exponential model for the month of July and the exponential model for the months August to November show the most appropriate change model views that are detected. Based on maps prepared for different months, while the highest rainfall occurred in winter time change the amount of the highest range 42-13 mm in the season. Spatial gradients of changes in precipitation decrease trend are from south to north. Other seasons in the low average range of precipitation changes also showed no significant fluctuations.
Urban Planning
Mohammad Hossein Khodabakhsh; parviz norouzi sani; karim hosseinzadeh dalir
Abstract
Introduction Smart growth in urbanization creates communities that are environmentally friendly, close to nature, and protect open spaces and valuable land, restoration of life, limiting the peripheral growth of the city, reducing personal reliance on cars, and so on. It helps communities to develop ...
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Introduction Smart growth in urbanization creates communities that are environmentally friendly, close to nature, and protect open spaces and valuable land, restoration of life, limiting the peripheral growth of the city, reducing personal reliance on cars, and so on. It helps communities to develop economies, create jobs, create strong and sustainable areas, and protect the health of the community and the family. The main objective of this research is to determine the level of smart growth indices in the regions of Tabriz city so that by identifying deficiencies and inequalities in the city, proper planning is planned to reduce the harmful effects of urban sprawl growth, such as traffic, pollution and reduction of injustice and Increase citizens' access. Materials and Methods In this research, smart growth indicators were divided into five major indicators, spatial parameters, housing, physical, and land use, environmental and access, and the amount of each was calculated at the level of ten regions of the city. Utilizing the multi-criteria decision-making model of Topsis and using the entropy-weighting model, we analyzed the spatial structure and the distribution of 71 criteria and ranking the different areas of Tabriz city. Tapsis, as a multi-indicator decision-making method, is a simple but efficient method of ranking-priority. In the TOPSIS method, the selected option should have the shortest distance from the ideal answer and the furthest distance from the most inefficient answer. Required data from different sources including Tabriz Municipality, Population and Housing Statistics of 2011 were obtained from Statistics Organization of Iran. In the following per capita indicators such as per capita urban services such as medical and educational, demographic, housing and biological parameters by different functions of the GIS, calculation and parameters of the topsis model and Shannon entropy weighing method in software Excel calculated and the value of tapis in each of the intelligent growth indices in Tabriz 10 regions was determined. Tabriz is one of the major cities in Iran and the capital of the East Azarbaijan province. The city, the third largest city in the country after Tehran and Mashhad, is the largest city in the northwestern region of Iran, and is the administrative, communications, commercial, political, industrial, cultural and military area of this region. The largest active heavy industry in the city includes a wide range of cement, textile, machinery and petrochemical industries. Discussion and Results The results showed that in the indicator of the combination of intelligent growth, the 9th and 2nd regions, with the value of tapes are 0.23 and 0.13, ranked first and second, and regions 3th and 1th with the value of 0.065 and 0.064 in the last rank they got. There is also a large difference between Tabriz regions in each of the parameters studied, such as women's employment, per capita services, type of residence and so on, also new urban areas have a better ranking than the old ones in intelligent growth indices. In the demographic index that included criteria such as female employment, literacy, immigrants, undergraduates, etc., Region 2, Rank 1 and Region 10 ranked the last. In the housing index, with criteria such as type of apartment housing, access to drinking water, sewage network, etc., the 5th and 7th conditions were better conditions, and the 4th and 10th regions did not have the proper conditions. In the access index with the criteria for the length and area of the network and transportation equipment, area 6 was ranked first and the 9th ranked. In the environmental Index with per capita parks, gardens, and agriculture and ..., the 9th region has the most and the 4th and 3rd areas have the lowest level. In the physical and land use index with the criteria such as per capita of health services, education, business, etc., net, the 9th zone had the highest rate and the 4th and 1th zone had the lowest. Finally, the combined index of all 71 criteria was considered, with the 9th ranked first and the 1st zone. In addition, the new urban areas of 9 were also better off than the older ones in terms of physical, demographic, biological and smart growth compilations. Conclusions The results of the research indicate that the indicators are inappropriate distribution in the city of Tabriz. Therefore, it is desirable to address the heterogeneous distribution and urban planning in the direction of the path of sustainable development and intelligent growth to be taken into consideration by officials and managers of the city. In the next research, it is suggested that some parameters such as per capita energy consumption, etc. that were not available in this study should not be considered. The data of this research was related to 2011, it is suggested that the results of this research be compared with the results of newer years in order to better reflect changes in the indicators of intelligent growth, especially in new areas such as Logic 9.
Urban Planning
Hamid Reza Rakhshaninasab; somaye rahdarpoodine; mojtaba solaymani
Abstract
مسکن ابتداییترین و حیاتیترین نیاز هر موجود زندهای در طبیعت، به معنا و مفهوم سرپناه است. مسکن در محلههای کمبرخوردار به دلیل خودرو بودن، نداشتن مجوز ساخت، استفاده ...
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مسکن ابتداییترین و حیاتیترین نیاز هر موجود زندهای در طبیعت، به معنا و مفهوم سرپناه است. مسکن در محلههای کمبرخوردار به دلیل خودرو بودن، نداشتن مجوز ساخت، استفاده از مصالح ناپایدار و ریزدانگی از کمیت و کیفیت مناسبی برخوردار نمیباشد. همین امر زیستپذیری مسکن را با چالشهای اساسی روبرو میسازد. بنابراین هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی زیستپذیری در قلمرو مسکن محلههای کمبرخوردار شهر زابل است. این پژوهش از نظر هدف «کاربردی» و به لحاظ ماهیت «توصیفی – تحلیلی» است. برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادههای پژوهش از میانگین شاخص، ANOVA و همبستگی چند متغییره در نرمافزار spss، جهت نمایش محلههای شهر زابل از لحاظ ابعاد زیستپذیری مسکن(اقتصادی، اجتماعی، کالبدی فضایی و زیستمحیطی) از دورنیابی به روش IDW و همچنین تکنیک چند معیاره EDAS استفاده شده است. نتایج میانگین شاخصهای پژوهش نشان میدهد مسکن محلههای کم برخوردار شهر زابل از نظر ابعاد زیستپذیری براساس رتبهبندی اکونومیست، در شرایط غیرقابل قبول قرار گرفته است. به طوری که بعد کالبدی با امتیاز 47.91 نامناسب ترین و بعد اجتماعی با امتیاز 56.55 مناسبترین می باشد. همچنین تحلیل رگرسیون در محلههای مورد بررسی نشان میدهد که بین ویژگیهای مسکن در ابعاد مختلف با زیستپذیری مسکن همبستگی بالایی وجود دارد به طوری که ضریب این همبستگی 673/0 است؛ در بین ابعاد نیز ضریب همبستگی ویژگیهای کالبدی مسکن با زیستپذیری با 561/0 بیشترین ضریب و بعد اجتماعی با 189/0 کمترین ضریب همبستگی را دارد. نتایج حاصل از وضعیت ابعاد مختلف زیستپذیری مسکن در پهنه محلههای کم-برخوردار شهر زابل براساس روش درونیابیIDW نشان میدهد که ناحیه 1 اکثر محلههای مورد بررسی را در خود جای داده است و از نظر سرانه کاربری های مسکونی، فضای سبز و شبکه معابر نسبت به نواحی دیگر شهر زابل با کمبودهای شدید روبرو است. در بعد فیزیکی و کالبدی محله معصوم آباد و در بعد اقتصادی محله قاسم آباد پایینترین امتیاز را دارا هستند.
Urban Planning
Neda Sohrabi; Hassan Sajadzadeh
Abstract
Vitality is one of the basic needs of cities that with the development of urbanization and social harms, its importance is increasing day by day. Focusing on environmental qualities leads to the efficiency and vitality of urban spaces, the continuation of urban life and the strengthening of physical-mental ...
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Vitality is one of the basic needs of cities that with the development of urbanization and social harms, its importance is increasing day by day. Focusing on environmental qualities leads to the efficiency and vitality of urban spaces, the continuation of urban life and the strengthening of physical-mental health characteristics and belonging to the place. Today, we are witnessing a decline in environmental qualities, lively activities, lack of natural and urban green spaces, and as a result, the active and lively presence of people in urban spaces is diminishing. Parklet is one of the factors that can be effective in encouraging citizens to walk and increase vitality in urban spaces. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess and evaluate the role of Parklets in order to increase vitality in one of the most important promenades and pedestrian boulevards in Hamadan called Eram Boulevard. The research method is applied and survey and the data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire to obtain citizens' opinions and the reliability of the data was calculated by Cronbach's alpha of 0.845. The statistical population of the study includes all people who walk on Eram Boulevard in Hamedan, but there are no exact statistics in this regard. Therefore, the sample size was evaluated based on the Cochran's formula in the Likert spectrum by 360 users of this space. In order to analyze the data, one-sample t-test, Pearson correlation and multivariate regression in SPSS statistical software were used. The results indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between the variables of public space expansion, improving street landscape, a place for social interactions, increasing economic income and improving quality of life with vitality. Also, the index of social interactions and improving the landscape of the street have the greatest impact on increasing the vitality of Eram Boulevard in Hamedan.
shahrivar rostaei; Fariba Kouhi Gholghasem
Abstract
With the expansion of urbanization on the one hand and the increase in population on the other, children are being ignored in modern urban developments and the need to pay more attention to them in cities is felt. To this end, urban spaces that can meet tangible needs such as access to utilities, housing, ...
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With the expansion of urbanization on the one hand and the increase in population on the other, children are being ignored in modern urban developments and the need to pay more attention to them in cities is felt. To this end, urban spaces that can meet tangible needs such as access to utilities, housing, transportation and etc and intangible needs such as a sense of belonging, security and etc are essential for children This is called urban livability. Increasing the livability of cities is directly related to increasing the attractiveness of urban environments for citizens and can itself provide the basis for sustainable urban development. It is important to pay attention to children because they are future citizens of society and they create the link between the past and the future generations. The present study, by using futures study knowledge, identified key forces in the future of children's livability. In the first phase, using the Delphi method, we first identified some of the variables affecting the future status of urban living for children, Then we extracted 47 variables that were approved by experts and received the highest score. We divided these 47 variables into four environmental, physical, social, and economic groups. Then, using structural analysis method and creating a 47 * 47 matrix, these variables were compared using MICMAC software. Finally, 7 key forces were extracted that play the most important role in the future status of children's urban livability.
Rural Planning
kuomars khodapanah
Abstract
Introduction
Transport is one of the most important activities and an essential component of the economy, which plays an important role in establishing spatial relationships between different locations and, like many existing networks, comprises a set of locations and links that represent inter-location ...
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Introduction
Transport is one of the most important activities and an essential component of the economy, which plays an important role in establishing spatial relationships between different locations and, like many existing networks, comprises a set of locations and links that represent inter-location communications. The most fundamental elements of a transportation network are network geometry and level of communication. Investing in transport infrastructure is one of the best ways to develop because economic development in any country requires investment in different sectors and economic activities and without it we cannot expect prosperity, the existence of rural roads and proper transportation play an important role in facilitating sales. And exports of agricultural products and rural products and provides a convenient way to market agricultural products easily. Unfortunately, in Iran, this sector has not been able to reach its true position and needs development and improvement, as many of the problems of rural and urban life are rooted in rural transport. In recent years, only efficient and effective planning can address rural transport issues, bring rural transport services into the area, improve the economic life and communication of the villagers, and solve many of the disadvantages of rural life. In rural areas of Ardebil city where a significant part of the population lives in rural areas, rural transportation and its improvement can improve the conditions and quality of life of the villagers and promote economic growth, rapid transfer of goods to market and immediate customer contact. This is because inadequate access to these areas leads to transportation, backwardness, unemployment and poor infrastructure, leading to rural migration to urban centers. Therefore, in view of the importance of the subject, the present study aimed to investigate the role of rural transport in the development of economic dimensions of rural areas in the central part of Ardebil city (Kalkhuran district) in order to answer the following questions:
• From the point of view of household heads, what is the state of transport in the villages?
• To what extent is the impact of rural transport components on the dimensions of economic development?
• What are the dimensions of economic development in the villages under study?
Methodology
The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of the nature and method of the survey component. The statistical population of this study is 12 villages of Kalkhouran village in the central part of Ardabil city with 2946 households. The sample size was estimated to be 340 according to Cochran's formula, but since in some villages the sample size was below ten, the sample size was increased to 356 for better results. The distribution of samples in the villages was proportional to the number of households and the sampling method in each village was systematic random. In order to operationalize the research variables in the independent variable section, three indicators of transport quality, transportation services and rural transport infrastructure in the form of 15 indicators and in the dependent variable four indicators in the form of 23 indicators were used. The instrument used in this study was a closed-ended Likert-type questionnaire whose face validity was evaluated and modified by experts and finally confirmed. Its reliability was estimated 0.753 for Cronbach's alpha and 0.859 for Economic Development. Multivariate regression, one-sample t-test and finally fuzzy TOPSIS technique were used to classify the villages under study.
Results and discussion
After determining the weight of each rural transport indicator, fuzzy TOPSIS technique was used to classify the villages. After calculations, positive and negative ideals were identified. And then the sum of the distances of each village from the positive and negative fuzzy ideals, similarity index was calculated and the level of each village was determined. 0 is at the lowest level of the transport indicators. Multivariate regression coefficient was used to investigate the effect of rural transport on economic development to investigate the contribution of one or more independent variables to the dependent variable; The results showed that considering the significance level of the test with confidence level of 0.95 among the four indices of rural transport, transport infrastructure index with beta coefficient of 0.658 had the most effect on the dependent variable. Is 0.432 of the total variance of economic development. The results of one-sample t-test showed that the dimensions of economic development in the studied villages were desirable because the mean of economic, social and environmental dimensions was higher than 3 desirable (3 equals 60% of the respondents). The highest average (3.375) belongs to the index of job diversification and the lowest average is to economic stimulus.
Conclusion
The results of the research findings to answer these questions show that the role of transport is undeniable in the process of economic development of rural areas, but its indicators have different effects on economic dimensions, such as transport infrastructure index. And the narrative has had the greatest impact on explaining the dimensions of economic development. Diversification of jobs had the highest average, followed by increased income, increased investment of urban origin, and finally, economic excitement had the lowest average. The increase in the number of tourists and travelers to the area and the direct sale of rural products have had an impact on rural incomes, with rural transport having a greater tendency to cultivate marketable and guaranteed purchasing products, on the other hand to invest in industry and Rural services have increased and in addition reduced the cost of transporting goods and manufactured goods to the consumer market.
Climatology
Saeed jahanbakhsh; saeideh ashrafi; Hosein Asakereh
Abstract
Introduction Cyclones constitute one of the major factors determining climatic conditions, especially precipitation in the middle latitudes. Changes in the properties of cyclones in a region may lead to variations in the precipitation conditions of that region. Therefore, studying major aspects in cyclones ...
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Introduction Cyclones constitute one of the major factors determining climatic conditions, especially precipitation in the middle latitudes. Changes in the properties of cyclones in a region may lead to variations in the precipitation conditions of that region. Therefore, studying major aspects in cyclones can clarify variations in precipitation conditions. In this research, changes of cyclones associated with precipitation in the Zard Rud basin (a Sub-basin of Jarahi basin in khozestan) has been reviewed decadal during a period ranging from the hydrological year of 1976-1997 to 2013-2014. In this research, daily precipitation maps during the studied period (13879 days) by using kriging method has been provided. Data and methods So the long-term precipitation mean of all days were extracted and by using 50 percentile, rainfall season detected. Upon identifying the precipitation season, Cyclones detected for this period. For identifying cyclones 1000 hPa hourly maps (NCEP/NCAR) were utilized. Two conditions were used to detect available cyclones: (1) the height values in each pixel of the 1000 hPa height map should be smaller than those of it 8 neighboring pixels and (2) the gradient mean of the height of the selected pixel and its 8 neighboring ones that was equal or smaller than 100 m/1000 km was regarded as the cyclone center. After identifying the cyclones on the map, the center of each cyclone was identified in consecutive maps to track the cyclone path. It was hypothesized that precipitation in the basin of the Zard Rud would be affected by the cyclones dominating the area as well as the trough of the cyclones that were far from the area, but could influence the region. Discussion Cyclones associated with precipitation in the basin were identified in the light of the presence of the cyclone or its troughs over the region during the occurrence of a precipitation. The results show that The extent of the area and frequency of cyclones in studied decades and consequently frequency of cyclonic rainy days and annual cyclonic precipitation in Zard Rud basin have decreased. Reduction in the frequency of cyclonic precipitations can be attributed to the place where the cyclones are formed. Indeed, in comparison with the past, a larger number of cyclones are formed over Saudi Arabia and Iraq, a phenomenon which has led to the entrance of dry or less humid air into the studied region. Masoudian (2012: 15-33) also indicated that a cyclonic center was formed over Iraq. Results Longitudinal extent area of cyclones decreases from 72.5˚ in first decade to 55˚ in fourth decade and Latitudinal extent decreases from 30˚ in first decade to 25˚ in fourth decade. Annual review on cyclones entry point to Iran show that minimum latitudinal extent from 1986-1987 hydrological year and maximum latitudinal extent from 1991-1992 hydrological year had fluctuation. So that, in 2011-2012 hydrological year, latitudinal extent of cyclones entry to Iran has reached the narrowest of its paths. Examining mean differences in the cyclone frequency of two halves of period (first half: 1976-1977 to 1994-1995 hydrological year and second half: 1995-1996 to 2013-2014 hydrological year) also revealed a noticeable shift in cyclones frequency. Result of surveying of cyclonic precipitation show that cyclonic total precipitation decreased during the studied decades. However, frequency of cyclones is less than first decade but second decade has the maximum amount of precipitation. It is may resulted of continuity of cyclones in this region. Taken together, a change was observed in geographical extent and frequency of cyclones associated with precipitation in the Zard Rud basin, which in turn affected precipitation in the area
