Urban Planning
Mohammadreza Pourmohammadi; shahrivar rustayi
Abstract
The Islamic city is an idea that has raised many questions about its nature and characteristics. In this regard, various scientific systems have approached it from different angles and tried to explain it. However, a critical review of the relevant literature reveals a high volume of misinterpretations ...
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The Islamic city is an idea that has raised many questions about its nature and characteristics. In this regard, various scientific systems have approached it from different angles and tried to explain it. However, a critical review of the relevant literature reveals a high volume of misinterpretations and confusions about this idea and its related concepts, topics, and goals. Accepting the fact that the existence of mosques, domes and minarets in the context of a city can not mean that the city is Islamic, makes it clear that it must be in other elements and components and we should look for signs of Muslim life and patterns of an Islamic city not only in the body, but also the spirit and identity of cities. In the present study, the drivers of the Islamic city were extracted (qualitative part of the research) by studying valid jurisprudential sources (Quran and Nahj al-Balaghah), and then the quality of their realization in the metropolis of Tabriz was measured. The results obtained from the qualitative part of the research place the drivers of the Islamic city in three categories: monotheism and unity, justice and security. The results of statistical analysis show that Islamic manifestations and the realization of its principles in the city of Tabriz is not prosperous and requires planning to improve the quality of realization of these indicators
Rural Planning
aghil khaleghi; Mohammadreza Pourmohammadi
Abstract
Local planning of rural settlements is an inevitable issue and requires foresight and the development of appropriate development policies in this area. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and data collection is descriptive-analytical and based on the nature of data ...
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Local planning of rural settlements is an inevitable issue and requires foresight and the development of appropriate development policies in this area. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and data collection is descriptive-analytical and based on the nature of data is mixed and in terms of time is futuristic. The sample size of the present study consists of 30 panels of respondents. MICMAC method has been used for futurism and processing of interaction matrices. Local development plans, include "rural guide plans, rural areas reorganization plan, scattered village integration plan, improvement plan, reorganization plan and protection of valuable villages, development plan and Rural development is a plan for the sustainable development of rural systems and a program for the economic development and job creation of rural areas. Due to the importance of local development projects in the geographical space of rural settlements in East Azerbaijan province have been more or less effective, which include the scope of research. 22 influential variables and finally 7 key drivers: "Creating a single and clear management system for the villages, Local potential in planning, sectoral and local plans, stakeholder participation, resource self-sufficiency in a system, the role of middle cities in local rural development and finally the appropriate implementation model" in local planning of rural settlements were identified. "Creating a single and clear management system for the villages" is in the first place of direct and indirect impact and is of great importance.
Urban Planning
Mohammadreza Pourmohammadi; Rasoul Ghorbani; Leila Masoumi
Abstract
Fluctuations in housing prices and the cost of its services are among the most important social and economic issues. In a society where housing is heavily commercialized; Housing policies, real estate market, social environment affect housing values. District 5 of Tehran is known as the development area ...
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Fluctuations in housing prices and the cost of its services are among the most important social and economic issues. In a society where housing is heavily commercialized; Housing policies, real estate market, social environment affect housing values. District 5 of Tehran is known as the development area of Tehran due to its high growth rate. This research aims to take an effective step in identifying the preferences of consumers while estimating the qualitative demand for housing. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze the factors affecting housing prices using geographic weighted regression in low-rise and high-rise buildings in District 5 of Tehran. The research method is based on documentary and survey studies. The sample size was estimated using Cochran's 758 formula. then the classified probability method has been used to select the samples; The results of the findings showed that among the low-rise buildings in North Ponk neighborhoods, Program Organization, Baharan, and among the high-rise buildings in Bagh Faiz, Faraz, Naft neighborhoods, they have a higher price range than other neighborhoods. Also, the results of (GWR) showed that the variables of the infrastructure, the age and age of the building, the number of bedrooms, quality materials, the distance to the nearest green space, the width of the passage, the traffic situation and security in common and having a balcony and terrace, the distance to the nearest street main, the distance to the nearest commercial centers and the level of greenness of the street in low-rise buildings and the location of the unit on the floor, having a parking lot, the direction of the building, the distance to the nearest public transportation station, the distance to the nearest chain stores and the level of pollution in high-rise buildings They have the greatest impact on increasing property prices.
Urban Planning
Neda Darbandi; Mohammadreza Pourmohammadi; Rasoul Ghorbani
Abstract
During the last three decades, indiscriminate and unprincipled exploitation of lands and changes in uses have caused different reactions of ecosystems. The metropolis of Tabriz is the capital of East Azarbaijan province, which has had an unbalanced and scattered growth during the last few decades, in ...
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During the last three decades, indiscriminate and unprincipled exploitation of lands and changes in uses have caused different reactions of ecosystems. The metropolis of Tabriz is the capital of East Azarbaijan province, which has had an unbalanced and scattered growth during the last few decades, in such a way that the uncontrolled expansion of the city has caused The destruction of the surrounding spaces and the departure of the city from its symmetrical and standard shape. Today, uneven growth and excessive expansion of the city is considered one of the problems of Tabriz metropolis. The method of the current research is applied-analytical by collecting information during a period of 25 years, i.e. 1375-1400 decade in document-library form, field survey in the form of referring to the relevant organizations and departments and using the ecological footprint calculation method. to the main question of the research, that is; "What effects have land use changes in the metropolis of Tabriz over a period of 25 years had on the environment and ecological capacity of Tabriz?" answer and provide solutions to improve the state of land changes and the ecological capacity of the city and the proportional distribution of the population in Tabriz metropolis. Among the results obtained in the present research is that the increase in the population growth rate and as a result the excessive expansion and development of the city during these years has caused an increase in land use changes, especially the conversion of agricultural and garden uses into settlements and residential areas. has been That this amount of changes is beyond the ecological capacity of Tabriz metropolis and requires careful and disciplined management. Otherwise, with the continuation of this type of challenge, the metropolis of Tabriz will suffer significant and irreversible crises and problems in the coming years.
Urban Planning
Mohammadreza Pourmohammadi; Kioumars maleki
Abstract
The city is not only a collection of buildings, but a phenomenon beyond a building complex. Therefore, a city cannot be considered unique only in the collection of buildings. One of the dangers that threaten many cities in the world is earthquakes. Earthquake has long been one of the most dangerous natural ...
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The city is not only a collection of buildings, but a phenomenon beyond a building complex. Therefore, a city cannot be considered unique only in the collection of buildings. One of the dangers that threaten many cities in the world is earthquakes. Earthquake has long been one of the most dangerous natural hazards and has a high risk. Earthquake risk is an expected damage that will cause damage to elements of society or the environment. For this reason, the protection of the city against earthquakes cannot be considered only in retrofitting and building earthquake-resistant buildings. The connection of the northwest of the country has been done after obtaining the opinions of experts in earthquake and passive defense and urban planning, the necessary investigations and analyzes were carried out using Vikor and TOPSIS fuzzy models, and the result of the model was shown using GIS software as a vulnerability map of the display areas. has been given and finally, areas 2, 3, 7, 4, Tabriz metropolitan municipality with less vulnerability and areas 10, 5, 1, 9, 6 and 8 located in the northeastern and northern areas of the city have been identified as unsuitable and critical. and the causes of vulnerability were expressed and solutions to control vulnerability were presented using data and matching the results of models.
Mohammadreza Pourmohamadi; Hassan Mahmoudzadeh; saman salavati
Abstract
Since the beginning of human being creation and beginning to live in this world, man has faced the threat of terrorism and has always tried to balance security threats and human needs. In this context, passive defense is one of the most effective and lasting means of defending against threats from a ...
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Since the beginning of human being creation and beginning to live in this world, man has faced the threat of terrorism and has always tried to balance security threats and human needs. In this context, passive defense is one of the most effective and lasting means of defending against threats from a long history of human. One of the solutions has proposed to reduce injuries in the threat situations is the use of open spaces . Therefore, the purpose of the research is to evaluate urban open spaces and its role in reducing vulnerability during crisis with the passive defense approach in Tabriz . The present research is descriptive-analytical and with applied approach. Sampling were selected from 100 residents of Tabriz decuple regions from questioning surveys. The data were analyzed using ARC GIS software and multi-criteria decision making methods, MCDM and fuzzy analysis. The results showed that among the weight of sub-criteria, outdoor space has the highest weight with 0.621 value and the lowest weight was assigned to the sub-criterion of relative self-sufficiency 0.023 and according to the final map of fuzzy overly map, the area of open space in reducing the vulnerability of 10 regions was 4253469 m2 with the lowest area 5.55 percent and highest area 19.39% Equal to 14849144 m2 and has the most favorable open spaces in decreasing vulnerability, and in the among of 10 regions of Tabriz, region of 5,6,7, and 9 have an important role in decreasing of vulnerability and region of 1,2,4, 8,9 and 10 have the less effect in decreasing vulnerability.
Mohamadreza Ghorbaniane Tabrizi; Mohamadreza pourmohamadi; karim Hoseinzade dalir
Abstract
In modern approaches to city, township, as a strategic method in the field of thinking, planning and implementation of urban plans has been raised. This approach to the creative entry of citizens into different areas of encounter with city-related issues in order to realize the components of thinking ...
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In modern approaches to city, township, as a strategic method in the field of thinking, planning and implementation of urban plans has been raised. This approach to the creative entry of citizens into different areas of encounter with city-related issues in order to realize the components of thinking of the right to the city (urban governance, social inclusion, cultural diversity in the city and social freedoms and rightsAccess to urban services for all residents of the city. There is a strong link between space and creativity. Creative people need space for life, work, inspiration, and display of their work. By creating stable and reliable spaces for artists, creative people and creative people. Do not have to move and migrate, which can be a threat to the survival of creativity and innovation. Therefore, provision of stable spaces for these people is essential. In this regard, public spaces can play a very important role. Additionally, by acknowledging this diversity and difference in the quality and design of public spaces, the purpose of this article is to explain the patterns of city formation and provide a model for assessing the creativity of the public spaces of the city. The present paper is a fundamental-theoretical research that studies various patterns using library studies and text readings, and evaluates models for assessing the quality and integrity of urban public spaces, and then presents a new model. First research output, expression The patterns of the formation of the city are creative and a new model is proposed to explore the creativity of the city's public spaces (second output), which consists of eight criteria (governance, religious beliefs, intellectual thinking, physical component, perceptual, visual, functional performance). Given the above criteria, creativity of public spaces depends on the conditions prevailing in different societies The set is evaluated
Urban Planning
Ali Mirzaie; Mohammadreza Pourmohammadi; Shahrivar Rostaei
Abstract
Housing pattern and life style comprise a part of the society,s culture. In the current times and in line with the changing of society and culture, we are witnessing the transformation of accommodation style and pattern. Therefore, the aim of this research is analyzing the relationship between ...
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Housing pattern and life style comprise a part of the society,s culture. In the current times and in line with the changing of society and culture, we are witnessing the transformation of accommodation style and pattern. Therefore, the aim of this research is analyzing the relationship between changes of life style and the pattern of Islamic housing in Tabriz metropolis. The method of the research is descriptive, survey and inferential and is based on referring to Islamic sources of Quran verses and narratives. In addition, questionnaires have been used to achieve the research purposes. The statistical population of the research consists of all the residents of Tabriz in the whole area of this metropolis and the subjects were selected using simple accidental method of sampling. For confirming or rejecting the hypotheses, SPSS software was used for analyzing the data obtained from the questionnaires. By analyzing the relationship between variables and ranking of the indices and components of the research it became possible by application of multiple regression model and single-sample t test. In addition, using network analysis model and Super Decision software, the ideas of 30 experts were extracted by distributing questionnaires and the elements and components of each factor were ranked. The results of the research indicated that the total multiplier correlation coefficient for independent and dependent variables were 0.906 R and the coefficient of determination was 0.822 and the adjusted coefficient of determination was 0.818. This fact indicates a high correlation between the variable of lifestyle and Islamic housing pattern. From39 sub-indicators, 12 of them which show changes in lifestyle values, belong respectively to the index of respect with coefficient (0.367), cultural values (0.243), behavioral patterns (0.215), economic values (0.132). These values have gained high privileges. In addition, social index, religious identity index and spatial and environmental values have lower ranks. Diminishing spiritual values against material ones are significant in the sense that the changes in lifestyle values have pushed the model of Islamic housing toward modernization.
Urban Planning
Mohammad Ezzati; Karim Hosseinzade Delir; Mohamad reza Pourmohammadi
Abstract
IntruductionThe emergence of metropolitan areas is one of the most important phenomena of 20th century. This phenomenon happened primarily as a result of concentration of wealth in the most important cities of the world and then decentralization of population and activities in bigger areas along with ...
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IntruductionThe emergence of metropolitan areas is one of the most important phenomena of 20th century. This phenomenon happened primarily as a result of concentration of wealth in the most important cities of the world and then decentralization of population and activities in bigger areas along with political, social, economic and industrial processes. Nowadays the metropolitan regions face different challenges including: population distribution and activities in the region, lack of territorial balance, the process of physical growth of cities, the distribution of facilities among residents and etc. All of these have created problems for the municipal management of the city.Data and MethodThe present study, with its brief view on regionalist thoughts, tries to analyze the process of growth and distribution of population in the metropolitan region of Tabriz. The method of present research has been descriptive (library) -analytical so as to answer the main question of the research : “ How has the interaction of population of Tabriz with surrounding urban points been ?” by collecting data based on documentary and library method and using approved plans and existing statistics and reports .Results and DiscussionThe present article tries to present solutions for improving the territorial planning and appropriate distribution of population in the metropolitan region of Tabriz. The results reveal that the rapid growth of urbanization in Tabriz has led to deep distance between population of this city and the surrounding cities.ConclusionIn the past few decades in so far as the blueprint of distribution of population in the aforementioned region has been unplanned and it has not followed an appropriate order in proportion to the potentials and capacities and this has caused the management of Tabriz and the metropolitan region many problems. If this continues, this area will face even more problems.
Urban Planning
Mohammad Reza Pourmohamadi; Rasoul Ghorbani; Ghafour Alizadeh
Abstract
IntroductionTabriz city, the largest metropolis in northwestern Iran, has a privileged and strategic position in Iran due to its location on the political and cultural borders and in the transit route of neighboring countries (former the Soviet Union, Turkey and Iraq). In the current situation, due to ...
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IntroductionTabriz city, the largest metropolis in northwestern Iran, has a privileged and strategic position in Iran due to its location on the political and cultural borders and in the transit route of neighboring countries (former the Soviet Union, Turkey and Iraq). In the current situation, due to the large number and variety of threats and the establishment of a large number of centers of gravity in this city, the probability of injuries has increased sharply; As a result of this, in order to improve the security of the city, by examining the vulnerability of the centers of gravity against potential threats based on the safety considerations of passive defense, the necessity of intervening is a very smart affair.Data and MethodThis research in terms of purpose is applied-developmental with a descriptive-analytical approach, and the method of collecting data is in the form of documents, library and field surveys (questionnaire and survey of 20 experts in the fields of urban planning, architecture and passive defense) have been. In the methodological discussion, first, the literature on the three concepts of threat, vulnerability and passive defense requirements in the field of urban planning in Iran and other countries, To identify assets and identify potential threats to those assets as influential factors in the vulnerability of gravity centers in the ten metropolitan areas of Tabriz, has to be studied. By selecting the latest questionnaire models prepared by the Passive Defense Organization of Iran, determining the grading of gravity centers and basic threat assessment of centers of gravity was done by provincial experts and experts of the statistical community. To determine the importance coefficient of graded gravity centers, using ANP network analysis and Super-Decision software (by determining the correlation and comparisons of standard pairs and indices by experts in the statistical community), unbalanced, balanced, and limited matrices were formed, followed by the determination of the importance coefficients of Centers gravity were determined; Then, the criteria and indicators of the research were prepared in a categorical manner. Spatial maps of all layers related to criteria and indicators in the GIS environment related to Arc-Map software were overlapped by applying the coefficient of importance and evaluating the appropriate distance from the objectives, criteria, and indicators with emphasis on the underlying threat. In the end, the vulnerability zoning map of the centers of gravity of the ten areas of metropolitan Tabriz was prepared.Discussion and ConclusionThis research process is as follows:Using a quantitative model to determine the levels of gravity centers of Tabriz metropolis, showed that out of 32 selected assets, 17 assets are classified as vital and sensitive centers and 15 assets as important and maintainable centers. The result is the existence of numerous vital and sensitive centers; By creating several important centers instead of a single vital and sensitive center and increasing the distribution of important centers in the city, effective action to improve the security of the city against military attacks is one of the key issues in discussing harm and threat in passive defense.Based on the quantitative threat model affecting the assets of Tabriz metropolis, the threat of air and missile attacks was selected from the possible threats of sabotage, terrorism, cyber and people-centered protests, and missile and air attacks as the base threat. This threat has overshadowed its damage. The result indicates that this threat dominates the city over assets, so missile and air strikes as a basic threat in modeling, network analysis, and standardization of layers in the GIS environment.By calculating the final map related to the vulnerability of ten metropolitan areas of Tabriz through fuzzy overlap functions in the ARC- GIS environment based on 22 effective indicators obtained from the model of determining the level of centers of gravity, in the form of 5 criteria of vital arteries, crisis management centers, military and law enforcement centers , Urban equipment and support centers, the basic threat of air and missile attacks and determining the significance coefficient of criteria and indicators were obtained in network analysis software using SuperDecision method of damage zoning in Tabriz. Vulnerability zoning of Tabriz city is classified into five classes: Zone with very low vulnerability of 13.7%, Zone with the low vulnerability of 9.5%, Zone with medium vulnerability of 23.5%, Zone with high vulnerability of 32.3% and Zone with the vulnerability of very much 21% of the total area of Tabriz metropolis. The result of this is far from the principles and considerations of passive defense and intensifies the spatial vulnerability of the city and requires the development of a strategy based on the principles of passive defense to eliminate the vulnerability of the city.A very important conclusion that was obtained based on the average model of the nearest neighbors, the average distance expected from the centers of gravity of Tabriz metropolis is calculated to be 455 meters, while the average distance of existing centers of gravity is 264 meters, which indicates the ratio of the closest The neighborhood is 0.58. The result of this ratio and the p and z values of the model shows the cluster distribution of the centers of gravity of Tabriz. This is far from the principles and considerations of passive defense and aggravates the spatial vulnerability of the city.Based on the studies of the SWAT model, the conclusion of evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of internal factors by studying and identifying vital, sensitive, and important centers in the metropolis of Tabriz city, indicates that the weaknesses of the city are more than its strengths. As a result, strategies should be formulated in such a way that their strengths are addressed to eliminate their weaknesses from the perspective of passive defense principles. The result of measuring the external environment to identify the opportunities and threats of the city in relation to the analysis of defense elements indicates that the opportunities for advancing the city are less than the threat, so strategies should be formulated in a way that can improve measures and repair existing threats and failures. Do different cities; The combination of the above two strategies indicates the development of defensive strategies as the main objectives of this study in the metropolis of Tabriz in order to reduce the vulnerability and threats to eliminate the vulnerability of the city.Research ResultsSome defensive strategies in order to improve the quality of passive defense in Tabriz are presented as follows:1- Parallel access networks should be organized in accordance with the hierarchical system. Establish safe havens against threats at the point of rupture between tissues;2- Create a suitable distance between the bridges and create complementary communication routes next to the bridges;3- Underpass and metro networks should be organized for multi-purpose use and temporary accommodation;4- Construction rules should be observed in the area of faults and rivers. Create proportionate functions in these areas;5- Dilapidated and compacted tissues in the city center should be reconstructed according to the requirements of passive defense. Create green spaces and neighborhood parks to create temporary shelter spaces and blast waves;6- Prevent the establishment of sensitive and dangerous centers inside dense tissues. These centers should be moved to low-density areas and open spaces that are close enough to residential areas;7- The satellite cities of Tabriz should play a functional role in synergistic activities. These satellite cities play a role in establishing industrial activities and sensitive facilities for their dispersal;8- To reduce the immigration rate of Tabriz city. Excess population to settle in suburban areas and interconnected cities;9- To reduce the concentration of hazardous and polluting industrial activities in the west of Tabriz;10- Using green spaces with tall and umbrella trees within the confines of facilities and equipment, in order to create natural camouflage and develop green belts and improve the quality of the environment;11- Decentralization of the establishment of a large number of sensitive and important centers in the form of clusters in the central core of the city, especially in areas 8, 3, and 4, which should be done step by step due to the high cost;12- Decentralization of population density from zones 1 and 10 based on the principles of passive defense;13- Maintaining the proximity of endangered land uses with areas 5, 9, and 6 and part of 7 with relatively low population density, which are almost desirable and well located;14- Basic action should be taken to remove military centers in the form of creating multi-purpose and recreational uses due to excessive accumulation of military, industrial, facilities, and urban equipment in the southern, southwestern, and northern suburbs of the city, which are endangered uses.A basic action to remove a number of sensitive land uses and vital artery transfer centers (which are constructive and mobile urban elements) from sparsely populated areas 2, 1, 9, and 5, in the form of creating land uses. Multifunctional and recreational, to be done. Transfer some of them to areas 6, 4, 3, 10, 8, and part of 7 (areas 10, 8, and to some extent 4 have a dense population);16- Basic action to adjust the ignition uses due to more accumulation and lack of open and green space in the central areas of the city, and 8, 2 and to some extent 3;Although areas 6, part of 7, and to some extent 4 have the most open and green spaces, the existence of large industrial uses with transnational products (tractor and machine building) and the airport has threatened these areas. This requires preventing the development of the city towards these areas;18- Due to the circular structure of Tabriz, the existence of unsuitable arterial networks in areas 1, 10, and 8, which have a high population density, have small and old parts, and have a suburban texture of the city. In these vulnerable areas, safe points and networks of appropriate thoroughfares should be established and repaired in order to guide the population in times of crisis;Lack of optimal distribution of relief and hospital centers in the city can be seen. So that the central saturation areas and suburban areas, including areas 9, 5, 6, and to some extent 3 and 7 do not have this use. This makes it difficult to provide optimal service operations in times of crisis;Necessary action should be taken regarding the camouflage and concealment of urban facilities with high identification capabilities, such as high-voltage power substations, gas pressure reduction substations, and water tanks that are distributed in urban areas;Establishing several important centers instead of single sensitive centers and adopting safe spaces in them is one of the key measures to improve the level of security in military attacks.
Urban Planning
Shahrivar Roostaei; mohammad reza pourmohammadi; Hakimeh Ghanbari
Abstract
IntroductionThe implementation of the smart city requires a change in the governmental (institutional) and managerial structure. The government must engage with the private sector and civil society to enforce its rulings. The government must regulate the rules in such a way that these interactions take ...
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IntroductionThe implementation of the smart city requires a change in the governmental (institutional) and managerial structure. The government must engage with the private sector and civil society to enforce its rulings. The government must regulate the rules in such a way that these interactions take place. Therefore, creating good urban governance is considered as the most important factor in creating smart cities. The purpose of the smart city is to improve the quality of life of citizens and improve productivity and quality of services provided. (Luis M. Correia & et.al, 2011: 7). The development of effective e-government is a prerequisite for the development of smart cities and a way to establish good urban governance (Taewoo Nam & Theresa A. Pardo, 2011: 22). There is a lack of proper planning to create a smart city and efforts to increase smart quality services in Tabriz Municipality. There is no adequate infrastructure and planning in investing in the development of ICT. The budget is not commensurate with the capital needed to develop information and communication technology. The municipal subdivisions are carrying out sporadic projects with a short-term vision and hope that by continuing this method and entrusting the projects to private sector contractors, the city will be made smarter.Data and methodsIn this study, 376 questionnaires have been completed to examine the effective variables of Tabriz Municipality. Municipal experts have been selected by random cluster sampling.The questionnaire consists of two parts; the first part of the smart city items consists of 3 concepts and 28 questions. The second part of the items of good urban governance consists of 8 concepts and 40 items. In selecting the thematic concepts of smart city and good urban governance, the theories of experts, the goals of previous research and unique analyzes of third world cities have been considered. After extracting the components and identifying the items, the collected data were entered in SPSS software. Then the data analyzed in the LISREL software. The independent variable is smart city and the dependent variable is good urban governance.Discussion and conclusionIn structural modeling in LISREL software, According to the Kaiser Criterion, Eigenvalues is a good criteria for determining a factor. If Eigenvalues is closer to one, we should consider that a factor and if Eigenvalues is less than 0.3, then we should not consider that a factor. According to the variance extraction rule, it should be between 0.3 to 0.6. If variance is more than 0.6, then we should consider that a factor.According to the results, among the internal latent variables (dependent variable), the component of accountability with direct effect is 0.78, transparency with direct effect is 0.76, effectiveness is 0.69, participation with direct effect is 0.63, responsibility with direct effect is 0.60, justice With a direct effect of 0.56, consensus with a direct effect of 0.52, regularity with a direct effect of 0.50, respectively, have the most effects on the hidden external variable (independent variable) of the smart city. The response variable of the components of urban governance with a direct effect of 0.78 has been selected as the most effective variable in the smart city.The results of the respondents' analysis show that city officials have little accountability to citizens and projects are not based on responsiveness. The concepts of transparency and effectiveness are important after the concept of accountability and according to experts in the urban management of Tabriz have not received much attention.The results of the analysis show that good governance in urban management guarantees effectiveness, citizen participation, justice, consensus and ultimately the legitimacy of the urban complex. The mentioned factors have an effect on the good governance of Tabriz city, which according to the respondents does not have a suitable structure for their implementation in Tabriz Municipality. In the results, there is a correlation between the external latent variable (smart city) and its observed variables, the internal latent variables and its observed variables, as well as the correlation between the external independent variable (independent variable) and the internal independent variable components (dependent variable). Findings indicate significant numbers related to internal and external latent components and variables. There is also a significant correlation between the observed variables and the hidden variables. The significance of the numbers (t-value) is greater than 1.96.Results:The success of a smart city does not depend on capital and technology, but depend on community leadership and intra-group cooperation with good urban governance. The results of this study show that the condition for creating a smart city is good urban governance. ICT development is not possible unless urban management is committed to accountability, responsibility, efficiency, transparency, consensus, legitimacy, justice and participation.It will be difficult to develop ICT and innovation in the city if the municipality continues to live without paying attention to the needs of the citizens through the sale of building density and the rent economy. This is more implied in the field of technology. Technology usually requires a lot of investment in infrastructure, which unfortunately is not tangible. Considering the direct impact of the components studied in this research, in order to escape the duality in understanding and implementation of the smart city, governance should become good governance. Therefore, introducing laws, transparency and accountability to citizens with a fair approach and obtaining collective opinion of people in participatory projects, will be effective in urban management. The lack of a systematic structure in urban management reduces the number of expert and specialized work in smartening the city and most projects fail. The precondition for accountability in urban management is the specialization of officials and the creation of specialized working groups. Working groups whose approvals are effective and reach the implementation stage.Cities in developing countries such as Tabriz can not create transparent, accountable, coherent and effective management by empty imitating modern technologies or technology imports. In Tabriz urban management, modernization (modernization) is pursued with a misunderstanding. Modernization (modernism) and restructuring of management is not accompanied by it. This dual approach makes the components of smart city and good urban governance that were studied in this study, not successful in implementation.
Urban Planning
elnaz hadi; mohammadreza pourmohammadi; hadi hakimi; elham hadi
Abstract
Introduction
Investigations on the rates of damages and casualties caused by earthquake in the cities have shown that in many cases, high percentage of casualties are directly or indirectly associated with undesirable state of urban planning and urban risks reduction. In fact, it can be said that the ...
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Introduction
Investigations on the rates of damages and casualties caused by earthquake in the cities have shown that in many cases, high percentage of casualties are directly or indirectly associated with undesirable state of urban planning and urban risks reduction. In fact, it can be said that the major causes of damages and casualties caused by the earthquake, in addition to the negligence and nonchalance in observing the safety standards of structures, can also be resulted from the lack of appropriate urban development principles and plans. It is noteworthy that one of the issues of urbanization and urban planning that can be effective in reducing the earthquake effects and incrementing the urban Resilience is the compatibility of various forms of urban usages versus each other.
Data and Method
The term resilience is derived from the Latin word "Resilio" which means “to return (or to bounce back) suddenly”. The concept of resilience has undergone many changes throughout the time. Although the existing interpretations for this term are complex and diverse, but what is certain is that there is a close relationship between disaster risk, resilience and the built environment. In this context, consideration of resilience as the ability to organize the threats posed by accidents as well as the ability to attract people and resistance against disasters- while still retaining essentially the same function - is particularly concerning. Thus, it can be concluded that the characteristic of returning to the situation that existed before the disturbance occurred, and also improving the situation, for further development of the system, is called resilience.
By compatibility factor in planning, we mean the land use compatibility, which means that the use of lands that are within the sphere of influence of each other, should be consistent with each other in terms of compatibility, stability and activities and do not cause problems for one another or impede others from accomplishing their activities.
Results and Discussion
In this study, considering the proximity of urban usages relative to each other and using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the urban usage compatibility of district 4 in Tabriz was assessed. For this aim, first all urban usages in the study area were classified in 10 classes and the compatibility of each usage relative to other usages were studied. Then the usage layers were combined in GIS software by AHP model and finally, the compatibility map of urban usages for district 4 was obtained.
Conclusion
The results show that 5.9 % of the urban land usages in district 4 are totally incompatible with each other and 43.9 % of the urban usages are completely compatible with each other in the case of an earthquake. In general it can be said that most parts of the district 4 of Tabriz are in good condition in terms of the index of the urban land use compatibility and in case of an earthquake, less damage will be imposed on this area. Only the lands used for industries and workshops as well as municipal, administrative and military facilities are not in proper conditions in terms of the compatibility factor. So, on the basis of GIS-generated maps, because of incompatibility of industrial, municipal, administrative and military land uses, it is necessary to take effective measures in order to create a favorable environment in the city; because neglecting and disregarding the importance of the compatibility of these land uses can be dangerous for the surrounding area and it can increase the casualties caused by the earthquake in an area.
Urban Planning
ali akbar taghipour; Hossien Rostami
Abstract
Introduction Security has always been one of the most important issues facing human beings. Throughout history, man has sought to have security through various defending instruments. This defense has two types including military and civil defense called respectively, active defense and passive defense. ...
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Introduction Security has always been one of the most important issues facing human beings. Throughout history, man has sought to have security through various defending instruments. This defense has two types including military and civil defense called respectively, active defense and passive defense. Passive defense is a strategic plan requiring direct management and planning of expert human forces including instruments, enginery, organization, training, and management of forces (Taghvayi and Jozi Khamselouyi, 2012:17). Considering the high volume of capitalization and establishment of many installations as well as economic tools and most importantly, high population residences, cities have significant financial and bodily vulnerabilities in case of the outbreak of war. Due to its strategic status, Tabriz city, as a metropolitan in the northwest part of Iran, faces various human threats. This city is one of the five regions of Iran facing ethnic regionalism (Mohammadi et al., 2008:60). According to the geographical, geopolitical, political, and economic conditions of Tabriz, it has been sometimes recognized as the economic center of Iran, and sometimes at least in the north-west region of the country (currently), it has been identified as the first pole of industry, trading, and commerce (GHorbani, 2003:123). The existence of important economic, military and political centers has made the discussion of the passive defense subject of this city an important issue. Data and Method The purposeful article was developmental-applied in terms of policy-making, and it was analytical-descriptive in terms of the design of the study. To collect the literature of the subject and theories of the study, library and documentary method was utilized. Moreover, Arc Gis, version 10, software was used to analyze the data and provide the required maps, which had an important role in the advancement of the study after collecting various layers since they showed different terms. Among the most important utilized criteria and indexes for the analysis, urban electrical substation privacies, urban gas pressure reduction substation privacies (Siami et al., 2013:31), gas and petrol station privacies (Valipour et al., 2014:174), military center privacies, distance from hospitals, distance from main streets (Pour Mohammadi et al., 2010:111), water sources privacies (Ministry of energy, 2014:161), distance from firefighting centers (Azizim Bornafar, 2012:132) and distance from open and green spaces (Razavian, 2002:142) could be highlighted. Results and Discussion Having accomplished the standardization of layers, their integration was the second part of the research. To this end, and for determining their importance and the weight of each layer, a hierarchal analysis method was utilized for such samples whose criteria number was high. The target Expert Choice hierarchal analysis model was determined in specific software and the final weight of each layer was calculated. As the weight of each layer was obtained, they were integrated using GIS, thus the final map of vulnerability status was shown. The results of zoning indicated that some parts of Tabriz city, especially regions from the center of the city to the eastern parts and northern parts, were the most suburbanite fabrics of the city and had higher densities; moreover, some of the newer fabrics in the western parts of the city had higher vulnerabilities. Besides, moderate and high vulnerabilities could be observed around the main streets of the city and highroads due to the importance of these infrastructures and the establishment of other related infrastructures related to transportation services. Conclusion The results of this study were somehow in line with the studies conducted by Siami et al., (2013) since both of the studies showed that regions having high population densities that needed various infrastructures had high vulnerabilities. Moreover, the hierarchal analysis method indicated that the vulnerability of infrastructures in Tabriz included respectively, military centers, electronic, telecommunication, streets, gas, and hospital infrastructures. Besides, having a view on the population and building density map and their adjustment with the vulnerability of infrastructures, it could be stated that most of the areas having high vulnerability were located in these overgrown regions, thus, the populated regions would have more vulnerability in crisis time; this fact makes the subject of crisis management and serving an important issue. In central parts of the city, the vulnerability was low due to the lack of vital installations (lack of empty lands), however, the vulnerability of infrastructures was high in suburbanite regions.
Urban Planning
Shahrivar Roustaei; Behzad Ranjbarnia; Mohammadreza Pourmohammadi
Abstract
Introduction Since the 1990s, after both economy and society moved from Fordism to post-Fordism, a new paradigm emerged from the beginning of the new century. Due to the impact of the knowledge economy on urban communities, this paradigm known as knowledge-based urban development emerged in the late ...
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Introduction Since the 1990s, after both economy and society moved from Fordism to post-Fordism, a new paradigm emerged from the beginning of the new century. Due to the impact of the knowledge economy on urban communities, this paradigm known as knowledge-based urban development emerged in the late 20th century (Yigitcanlar et al., 2008a: 64). The knowledge-based urban development concept was considered as a practical management strategy for urban residents in various areas of sustainable social, economic, and urban growth along with the postmodern development of urban areas. Meanwhile, despite the benefits of superior information and communication technologies in urban areas and in particular the topics related to these technologies in accelerating the process of knowledge-based urban development, this factor can cause major challenges in balanced urban development. In this regard, one of the main obstacles in this area is the digital divide. The digital divide refers to the inequality in access of all members of society in terms of quantity and quality to information and communication technologies. In most societies, the right to create information is practically given to everyone, but distribution or sharing is taken away from them; hence, information resources are not used equally by society (Lievrouw and Farb, 2003: 414). Some societies deal with a deep digital divide in terms of information technology, which in turn impedes the realization of the city of knowledge. In various sources, the digital divide is mentioned as one of the barriers to a knowledge-based city (Butcher, 2009: 59 & Norris, 2001). Considering the above-mentioned cases, Tabriz metropolis needs to reach a variety of goals to become a knowledge-based city. One of these goals is identifying the impact of the digital divide on the concept of knowledge-based urban development. Therefore, the focus of this article is on the study of the effect of digital divide indicators on knowledge-based urban development variables in the city of Tabriz. Data and Methods In the present article, the structural equation model has been utilized to comprehensively study the conceptual model of the research. In this study, the opinions of 50 experts have been taken. To estimate the impact of digital development factors and gaps on each other, researchers created a 44X44 matrix by considering 32 knowledge-based urban development sub-indices in addition to the 12 digital gap variables within a system. Accordingly, after obtaining the outputs related to the expert’s opinions, these results were analyzed in MicMac software. Software outputs can greatly help to understand the dimensions and relationships of the system along with the way the system will work in the future in the various forms of tables and graphs (Rabbani, 2012). Results and Discussion According to the analytical results of this matrix, the variables including government influence, strategic planning, managerial interventions, broadband access, and social stability have the highest effect on the system. Furthermore, the most susceptible direct variables of the system include geographical location, urban competitiveness, foreign direct investment, economic status, research, and development. By observing the obtained results, it is easy to see the government’s role in positive or negative effectiveness in reaching the goals of digital city and knowledge-based urban development. Additionally, the results obtained from the distribution chart of variables have the following points: Determinants and influential variables (Located in the northwest of the Chart with High effectiveness and Low susceptibility): Management interventions, age, broadband access, cost of living, affordable housing, networking and strategic cooperation, justice, and social integration. Two-fold variables (located in the northeast chart - high effectiveness and low susceptibility): urban competitiveness, quality of life, government impact, e-government, strategic planning, urban branding, etc. Result variables (located in the southwest of the system- low effectiveness and high susceptibility): patent applications, worker knowledge pool, educational investment, basic professional skills, language skills, and socio-economic dependence. Independent variables (located in the southeast of the system - low effectiveness and susceptibility): cultural and social norms, disability and physical ability, social stability, unemployment, environmental impact, use of sustainable transportation, etc. Conclusion To achieve structural knowledge-based urban development, the influential factors within this type of development are considered as an interwind or structure (system) to measure their inter-relationships due to enabling users to extract key variables of the system. In the present study, a variety of indicators were assessed for tackling problems related to the digital divide within the city and altering it to digital equity in Tabriz city. Those variables with the maximum effectiveness along with two-fold indicators have been chosen as key factors. A brief look at the concepts used in this study indicates that there is a conflict between the concept of the digital divide and urban knowledge-based development. In this regard, to eliminate this conflict, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of some variables. These variables include improving existing management tools and policies, strengthening the existing infrastructure for easy access to ICT by citizens, increasing people's skills and awareness, and finally strengthening the people's economic status by turning the digital divide into an opportunity along with providing a basis for the successful realization of knowledge-based urban development.
Urban Planning
Mohammad Reza Pourmohammadi; Freydon Babai Aghdam; Kiomars Naimi
Abstract
Introduction Almost half of the world's population lives in cities. According to the report (UN-HABITAT) Urban areas in the next 30 years, They will be the most important centers of world population growth and with this increase in population, Planners and governments of developing countries They face ...
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Introduction Almost half of the world's population lives in cities. According to the report (UN-HABITAT) Urban areas in the next 30 years, They will be the most important centers of world population growth and with this increase in population, Planners and governments of developing countries They face the challenge of high poverty growth rates. However, The manifestation of poverty that was once more characteristic of rural areas, Today it has become more and more urban. One of the main consequences of increasing poverty in cities and urbanization of poverty, housing shortage and the increasing formation of lower urban settlements, The population of these settlements for 2020 is estimated at 889 million people Lower urban settlements or what is commonly called "informal housing". It is one of the problems facing today's cities, especially at the local level. After years of remediation trials, it is still the lower urban settlements They are a fundamental challenge for cities. In dealing with the phenomenon of spontaneous and inferior urban settlements Various approaches and programs have been used That experience has shown That physical dominance approach and without addressing the needs, wants and priorities of the local community and weak participation of local communities and the absence of stakeholders in the planning and implementation process, Many things have become inefficient.in this study using the intellectual base of foresight, In order to explain the plan The new approach foresight in this area, To discuss and review identify key factors, The amount and How Effectiveness And explain These conditions possible And finally formulate possible scenarios and identify optimal scenarios affecting the future status of urban slums in Sanandaj. Methodology This research is fundamental-applied in terms of purpose and it is descriptive-analytical in nature based on new methods of futures research. Library-field method, questionnaire and environmental scanning technique were used to collect information.The questionnaires were completed through a group of experts and experts in the field of housing planning and development. In order to conduct research, various futures research techniques are used, including environmental scanning, interaction / structural impact analysis and scenario writing. Has provided a comprehensive combination in presenting a new method of urban studies foresight. Also from specialized futures research software such as MICMAC and SCENARIOWIZARD For the first time in urban studies with emphasis on planning studies of lower urban settlements, has been used in this study. Which is one of the key features of this research. Results and discussion Finally results reveal that, 54 operating in 6 areas by environmental scanning, affecting the future status Urban Slums and inner city and eventually identified 54 of these after the review and how these factors impact on each other and on the future status Residences No. 12, which had the key to the future status of Urban Slums and inner city plays were selected by defining the conditions of each factor in the future progress of these residents may be the number 45 has been designed. By 45 × 45 matrix based on scripting and using the knowledge of experts in the relevant fields to assess the efficacy of each of the states on the occurrence or non-occurrence of other states, using the software SCENARIOWIZARD, 3 strong scenarios, 14 High compatible scenarios(unbelievable) and 250 weak scenarios were detected that this study to analyzes 14 High compatible scenarios. The collection After the conclusion of three scenarios were presented. Conclusion The first scenario as the most likely scenario is not of High desirability The further continuation of the status quo With slow growth And interstitial Is. The second scenario as the most favorable scenario Which reflects better conditions And optimistic with the gradual growth Is to improve And The third likely scenario is more indicative of interstitial and static situations and crisis. Finally for Recreation of Sustainability Should be targeting And formulate effective policies Trying that favorable conditions in the scenarios will be realized in the future And the adverse and critical situations to be taken. Hence a number of general strategies are presented: - Focus on key drivers affecting the future status of Sanandaj lower urban settlements and efforts to better manage them - Having a strong program-oriented macro-country management and also having a dynamic economy in the country - Implementing policies in rural areas and small towns to control migration to the city of Sanandaj and create population stability in the province - Efforts to control land and housing prices as well as formulate policies to provide efficient housing - Strict supervision of land around the city and management during construction on the outskirts of the city - Efforts to increase the influence of local institutions and increase institutional trust - Efforts to improve the environmental status of these settlements by the city administration - Efforts to raise the level of literacy of the people and encourage the formation of new reference groups
Urban Planning
Mahdi Moazeni; Mohammad Reza Pourmohammadi
Abstract
Introduction With the increasing development of human societies, urban societies have also undergone many changes and complexities. This transformation and complexity encompasses all aspects of human life in cities. One of the most important categories in urban development is having a dynamic economy. ...
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Introduction With the increasing development of human societies, urban societies have also undergone many changes and complexities. This transformation and complexity encompasses all aspects of human life in cities. One of the most important categories in urban development is having a dynamic economy. Parsabad city is one of the a few new cities in Iran that has been created under the influence of this theory and the category of comparative advantage of regions in the second quarter of the present century. The city was established in line with the development plan of the Moghan Plain Civil Enterprise in 1953 and in order to exploit the fertile lands of the plain as a new and fledgling city. Because this development was done rapidly in fertile lands .It is considered the best agricultural lands in the Moghan plain, and with the expansion of the city, the agricultural lands around the city were being reconstruct day by day, causing changes in the landuses The study of physical, economic, social and biological conditions indicates the development of the city and changes in its land use. Since the use of traditional methods to determine urban development and land use changes is very time consuming and costly, so using multi-time satellite images and digital maps and a variety of models can model urban development landuse changes and simulated and examined the relevant implications. The purpose of this research is: Assess using quantity models in Predicting urban development trends and land use changes. Assess the future pattern of urban development and land use in Parsabad city. Methodology This research with respect to type of purpose and nature were classified applied and descriptive-analytical research. The instruments used in this research are Landsat satellite images of TM, ETM +, OLI sensors included in 1989, 2002, June 2015 period. For analysis of images , ENVI 5, IDRISI SELVA, ARC GIS software were used . All classification options in ENVI 5 software are situated in the Classification menu. The unsupervised and supervised classification methods were placed in unsupervised and supervised option. In this study, we used the supervised classification method for classification. Results and discussion In general, the process of simulating urban development and land use changes are categorized in three general stages: Create a transition matrix using Markov chain analysis • Create competency maps for each land use class using Multi-Criteria evaluations (MCE) Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) • Accomplishing the transition matrix from Markov chain analysis and spatial fit maps of land use classes and land use / land cover map for simulation automated cells-based. To obtain the transition probability matrix, we use the user map which obtained from satellite images from 2002 to 2015. The weighted linear composition and multi-criteria evaluation method were used to create spatial fit maps for each land use. These criteria was considered in the form of factors and constraints. Factors: distance from water levels, distance from city center, distance from road, distance from constructed lands, landuses, slope to percentage. Limitations of these criteria were e constructed lands, water levels and its 50-meter area. For simulating the land use map of 2028, the land use map of 2015 has been used. All the simulation steps have been done in IDRISI SELVA software environment using markov-ca model. In 2028, the amount of constructed lands increased by 400 hectares, instead, the use of farm lands decreased by 410 hectares. As presented in figures the greatest decrease and change of landuse in this period related to farm lands, and the barren lands decreased approximately 20 hectares by Maid, Exploiting from forest and water land use show a relative increase. By comparing the map of 2015 and the simulated map for 2028, it can be concluded that the development of constructed lands have been unsuitable to barren and farm land use., Also with the development of constructed lands, the use of farm and barren lands area, especially farms, has been reduced. Conclusion With respect to urban development and land use changes in Parsabad city, it can be concluded that: In response to the first question, the study of land use maps of previous periods showed that during the last 26 years, the area of barren lands and surrounding farms of city has been reduced. This amount of reduction has been more to the benefit of urban land use so that the land use area of urban land has increased to278,567 and 820 hectares in 1989 , 2002 and 2015 periods, respectively. In response to the second question of the research, the main level of land use change in the coming years will take place on the outskirts of the southwestern part of the city, including the residential towns of Fajr, Farhangian; And the future development model of Parsabad city is somewhat out of the scattered state and will be done more on the surrounding agricultural and barren lands and without use inside the city, especially in the southwestern part of the city. It was clear that during the last 26 years, the most changes and urban development has taken place in this part of the city. Agricultural lands in this part of the city gradually become to barren land use and eventually changed to urban landuse; the fact that from 1989 to 2015, the area of the city has been increased by 70 hectares only in this part of the city.
ahmad asadi; Mohammad Reza Pourmohammadi
Abstract
Introduction ach form of urban development has its own characteristics and disadvantages or advantages. But the common denominator of all these development patterns has been responding to the growing development of cities and preventing irregular growth. In recent years, with the emergence of new ideas ...
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Introduction ach form of urban development has its own characteristics and disadvantages or advantages. But the common denominator of all these development patterns has been responding to the growing development of cities and preventing irregular growth. In recent years, with the emergence of new ideas in various political, economic and environmental sciences, the growth and development of cities has become intelligently considered. Internal development is an essential part of smart urban development. Internal urban development policy is one of the three urban development policies that, along with other urban development policies; Connected or continuous development or separate or discontinuous urban development policy is proposed. In parallel with the horizontal growth of the city towards the suburbs and the destruction of lands and natural environment around the city, some spaces inside the city have been abandoned and have been left out of the development process. These abandoned spaces, called "infill-level" spaces, are important because they are located in cities, have underground or day-to-day facilities or equipment, and have access to such service centers and facilities. For example, in many of the old cities of Iran, the core of the city, which is considered in the form of historical and valuable worn-out texture, has such potential. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of infill development strategy on the components of vitality and social desirability in the worn-out tissue of Zanjan city. Methodology This research project in nature is an applied investigation and based on methodology is considered attributive- analytical project. Also using GIS techniques and FUZZY-AHP model required maps was provided and in each map Zanjan city’s deteriorated areas infill development specified and in final map under studying area’s internal development characterized as low, average and high developed areas. The questionnaire was used to measure the variables of vitality and social desirability. The sample size is 382 questionnaires that have been selected from the statistical population of worn-out tissue of Zanjan city using Cochran's formula. The research findings show that infill development has a positive effect on promoting vitality and social desirability in worn-out tissues, and there is a significant relationship between infill development with vitality and social desirability variables. Therefore, it can be said that vitality and social desirability are significantly different from infill development (less, medium, high). Results and discussion 17 items have been selected to measure vitality, and according to descriptive statistics, vitality in the range will increase with increasing level of infill development. The rate of vitality score in neighborhoods with low intermediate growth development is 46.77, in neighborhoods with medium infill development is 52.63 and in neighborhoods with high infill development is 53.82. Also, each of the vivacity items is examined separately. The score of each of the items is between 1 and 6. To measure the level of social desirability, 14 items have been selected. The level of social desirability is improved according to the increase in the rate of infill development, and according to the average score of the social desirability variable, this can be realized. The rate of social desirability score in neighborhoods with low infill development is 44.98, in neighborhoods with medium infill development is 50.66 and in neighborhoods with high infill development is 52.12. Conclusion In studies of infill development, the potentials of different urban neighborhoods have been examined using the principles of infill development and its relationship with other variables has not been investigated. However, in this study, the relationship between infill development and the variables of vitality and social desirability in the worn-out context of Zanjan city has been investigated, which is a new discussion. This can determine the benefits of infill development. The findings show that the higher the infill development of neighborhoods, the higher the level of vitality and social utility. In the dilapidated context of Zanjan, neighborhoods with high infill development (neighborhoods above Imam Street) are in a better position in terms of quality of life and social acceptance than neighborhoods with low level of infill development (neighborhoods around the Husseinieh Azam Zanjan). Therefore, it can be said that the higher the level of infill development, the better the security, the beauty of urban spaces, the diversity of activities, the physical diversity, the presence of women in the place, the compatible uses, the vitality of the citizens, and so on.
Urban Planning
ataollah zarafshan; Mohammadreza Pourmohammadi; Esmail Nasiri; Seyyed Mahdi Moasa Kazemi
Abstract
Introduction Changes in urbanization after the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of modernism in urban planning have destroyed the traditional elements and structures of cities, and functional zoning has replaced the organic system and functional diversity of cities and urban neighborhoods. Based ...
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Introduction Changes in urbanization after the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of modernism in urban planning have destroyed the traditional elements and structures of cities, and functional zoning has replaced the organic system and functional diversity of cities and urban neighborhoods. Based on this division, a special space was provided for each of the city's functions so that their performance did not interfere with each other and did not disturb each other. Because cities are complex, complex, and multifunctional systems, limiting them to four functions and separating them through segregation and zoning has reduced the efficiency of cities and thus imposed many problems on cities. Following the criticism of this model, postmodern urbanism was introduced, in which a kind of nostalgia for the past, lost truth, and the search for the lost meaning can be seen. Postmodernists are interested in mixing urban lands to enliven urban neighborhoods, emphasizing pluralism. Today, land use - the immediate vicinity of homes, places of activity and services in buildings, neighborhoods of mixed use and urban areas - has become an important principle for the good urban shape in the 21st century. In Iran, with the beginning of developments in the second half of the twentieth century, the city went out of its traditional form and took a step towards renewal and expansion. In the meantime, the city of Tabriz, as one of the most important historical cities in the country, has not been deprived of these developments. In this city, in addition to the traditional textures that have undergone changes, new areas have also been built around the criteria of modern urban designs. Poverty zones have also been added to the city without any plans. At present, it seems inevitable to return to the traditional concept of a neighborhood in order to achieve a sustainable and sustainable human city. Given the importance of this issue, this research firstly wants to measure the level of land use mix in different residential areas of Tabriz in the current situation and secondly it wants to know whether mixing land use in urban areas can be an incentive for pedestrians be on top of most residents? Methodology The type of research in this paper is practical and its review method is analytical-comparative. The data collection method has been performed both in the library and in the field. To measure the mixing of land uses, first, urban land uses in the study areas were classified into six categories: 1) residential land uses, 2) commercial land uses, 3) administrative and law enforcement land uses, 4) Cultural uses and leisure, 5) General uses such as educational use, health use and 6) Other uses. Then, through the entropy index and the Atkinson index, the amount of mixing in each of the three tissue tissues was calculated. Also, 588 people were selected using the Cochran's formula and the necessary information was collected through a questionnaire to collect the level of desire to access each user on foot in the neighborhoods of the study areas. The instrument for measuring the questionnaire was a 7-item questionnaire that included a five-item Likert scale that assessed respondents' views on how much they wanted to access different uses on foot. Finally, the relationship between the degree of desire to access pedestrians and the level of mixing of users through Pearson correlation coefficient was evaluated. Results and discussion Based on the two main components of this research, namely pedestrian and mixed use, the neighborhoods of traditional, modern and unplanned textures in Tabriz metropolitan area were compared, the results of which revealed many differences between different neighborhoods. According to the calculation of the Entropy index and the Atkinson index, the average land use mixed in traditional texture neighborhoods is 0.673 and 0.588, respectively; This indicates that land use mixed is more common in traditional neighborhoods than in modern and unplanned textile neighborhoods. Of course, there is a large gap between the use of mixed among the neighborhoods of traditional textures. The difference between the Entropy Index and the Atkinson Index in calculating the mixing rate is that the Atkinson Index shows a gap between the higher availability and changes in the ranking of some neighborhoods. In examining the relationship between the tendency of pedestrians to access the required land uses and the level of mixing of land uses in different contexts, different results were obtained. The result was a very high correlation between the two variables of mixed use and the tendency to access pedestrians in traditional tissue neighborhoods, but this correlation is less common between modern tissue and unplanned neighborhoods. Thus, neighborhoods of traditional textures, despite their physical problems (such as wear and tear, lack of proper infrastructure), are still considered human-oriented neighborhoods where the human scale prevails. Conclusion The results of this study are in line with most of the research conducted in this field, with the exception of one case mentioned in the background of the research. Jun and Hur believe that despite the strengthening of the centralized sidewalk with increasing land use mixing, other variables such as the prevailing social and economic conditions, such as poverty and insecurity, could affect the relationship between land use mix and the central sidewalk. In general, it can be noted that this research can have a small but important contribution to the impact of physical elements on the social environment. However, according to the dimensions of the study area, its findings cannot be generalized. Because multiple and complex factors can affect the level of social behavior of neighborhood residents. Therefore, various variables such as social, economic, and political factors can be studied in relation to the effect of the physical environment on the social behavior of citizens
Urban Planning
Mahdi Alilu; elham kazemi; Mohammadreza Pourmohammadi
Volume 23, Issue 70 , March 2020, , Pages 29-57
Abstract
City is the most important habitat for the man and the greatest cradle of civilization. Due to this fact, studying this phenomenon is of paramount importance. The problem today is that in the contemporary society many of Islamic traditions have been neglected. The impact of religious values on the construction ...
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City is the most important habitat for the man and the greatest cradle of civilization. Due to this fact, studying this phenomenon is of paramount importance. The problem today is that in the contemporary society many of Islamic traditions have been neglected. The impact of religious values on the construction of city spaces is of even greater importance. Cities are created according to ideologies and worldviews and the most sublime example of space occupation is Islamic beliefs and values. The mosque in an Islamic city, for instance, has been a site of political, nonmilitary, legal and economic gatherings. Nowadays, some religious rituals and ceremonies are held in spaces other than mosques and due to the paucity of favorable and appropriate space in the cities, streets and roads are occupied and traffic problems created. 200 students participated in this study and a close-ended questionnaire with a rating scale of 5 was used to gather data. In this article I have tried to emphasize the necessity of holding religious rituals out of mosque space, and suggest and provide the procedures needed for the definition and formation of appropriate spaces for the aforementioned rituals and ceremonies.
Urban Planning
Mohammad Reza pourmohammadi; shahrivar rostayi; ahmad asadi
Volume 23, Issue 67 , April 2019, , Pages 45-65
Abstract
Due to many different reasons, providing of vitality in urban centers have become the main concerns in developed countries especially in deteriorated areas. Creating vitality in deteriorated areas is one of the most important factors that affect the tendency of citizens to increase housing selection ...
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Due to many different reasons, providing of vitality in urban centers have become the main concerns in developed countries especially in deteriorated areas. Creating vitality in deteriorated areas is one of the most important factors that affect the tendency of citizens to increase housing selection in this area. The aim of this study is to evaluate the vitality of the deteriorated area and its relationship with the housing selection. This research was carried out by survey method and information was collected through observation, preparing necessary maps and questionnaires and SPSS software was used for analyzing them. The sample size is 365 households out of 7160 household living in deteriorated areas of the city. The research questions are: 1- Is the level of vitality in deteriorated area of Zanjan acceptable? 2- Do citizens like to housing selection in the deteriorated urban area? 3- Is there any relationship between the housing selection and urban vitality in the deteriorated area? Resulting data show that the both vitality and housing selection were moderate and acceptable, and there is a significant positive relationship between vitality and housing selection. The results of the regression analysis show that the variable of vitality indicates the 25% of the variance of housing selection. Therefore, according to this study that was carried out at Deteriorated neighborhoods, increasing vitality causes to increasing dwelling. Thus, the increase in vitality lead to high capacity of deteriorated areas.
Urban Planning
Mohammadreza Pourmohammadi; Rasoul Ghorbani; ali akbar taghipour
Abstract
Using the quantitative tools, methods and techniques in various sciences has been expanded during the recent years. The quantitative methods’ utilization in different branches of Humanities, especially the urban and regional planning have been always faced to various challenges. The reason ...
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Using the quantitative tools, methods and techniques in various sciences has been expanded during the recent years. The quantitative methods’ utilization in different branches of Humanities, especially the urban and regional planning have been always faced to various challenges. The reason of generated challenges is the complex nature of the human behaviors. Ordinary least Squares (OLS) is one of the popular methods in spatial model domain. It is supposed, in this method, that there is no spatial anisotropy among the observations and the spatial dependence doesn’t exist among the noise terms. It can be seen, in spatial data, using of the general regression methods such as Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and will cause the model parameter dispersion. So it is necessary to use some other spatial modelling methods such as Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). The experimental studies, have been done in this domain, reveal that the spatial regression methods can consider the spatial anisotropy among the observations and the noise terms dependence and will cause the estimations without the swearing and compatible with the parameters of the statistical society.
Urban Planning
Mohamad Reza pourmohamadi; Sheirin Badrei Asl
Abstract
The growing urban population and the absolute rise in the rate of car ownership have caused a number of problems in the smooth flow of traffic in the cities. Better public transport system, especially the subway system, which is opened and expanded in some Iranian cities would help ease traffic congestion. ...
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The growing urban population and the absolute rise in the rate of car ownership have caused a number of problems in the smooth flow of traffic in the cities. Better public transport system, especially the subway system, which is opened and expanded in some Iranian cities would help ease traffic congestion. While introducing Tabriz subway system, this article evaluates the conditions of subway stations according to twenty four indexes which are provided by hieratical analytic model. The article shows that 29 Bahaman and Shahriyar stations mark the highest point in furniture quality variable while Khayyam station comes last. Station four has the most immediate access to emergency aid while station 6 has the least. Land uses around stations 2 and 7 are more relevant to the function of the stations. In terms of esthetic principals, Shahriyar station scores the highest among the stations in the first phase of the first line. Because of its proximity of Elgholi depot, station 1 has easier and greater access to infrastructure facilities while station 5 has the least among the seven stations. Station 3 is in close proximity to commuter taxis and also in good order among other stations. The findings of the article have implications for giving priorities to organizing the subway system in Tabriz.
Urban Planning
Mohammad reza Pourmohammadi; Somayeh Ahani; Fatemeh Zarei; Kayvan zarei
Abstract
Electronics City will be affected on various land use via electronic shopping, electronic services, electronic communications, e-learning, e-banking, teleporting and electronic entertainment. Tabriz has not been exempting from this category. In this research, by using descriptive - analytic method and ...
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Electronics City will be affected on various land use via electronic shopping, electronic services, electronic communications, e-learning, e-banking, teleporting and electronic entertainment. Tabriz has not been exempting from this category. In this research, by using descriptive - analytic method and AHP model, first the effect of electronics city on each of urban land uses in the areas of Tabriz has evaluated and the significance of each factor is determined. Then, according to this matter that Electronics City in all land uses led to reduce area and only need to increase the space in residential users, the process of research has follow din two scenarios. In the first scenario, it has assumed that all require to land use in the area; it must be protected in their regions area and in the second scenario, providing additional needs to residential users that arising from electronic city has considered outside the city limits. Finally, in each of the regions, priority allocation of conservation areas to different land use has analyzed. The results indicate that the main priorities of allocating space in ten regions of Tabriz, is related to land sports, culture and green space. According to land use development, there is no ability to provide the demands of citizens based on real spaces and need to use of electronic city services and virtual supply is necessary.
Urban Planning
Rasool Ghorbani; Mohammadreza Pourmohammadi; Hasan Mahmoudzadeh
Volume 20, Issue 56 , August 2016, , Pages 219-238
Abstract
Tabriz metropolitan expansion has caused a large valuable land to go under construction. Therefor, this applied and experimental research was done to achieve goal investigation urban sprawl and land use changes in Tabriz metropolitan using multi temporal satellite images in 27 years period by object-oriented ...
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Tabriz metropolitan expansion has caused a large valuable land to go under construction. Therefor, this applied and experimental research was done to achieve goal investigation urban sprawl and land use changes in Tabriz metropolitan using multi temporal satellite images in 27 years period by object-oriented classification technique. This paper also based on historical and causal methodology evaluated spatial development of Tabriz metropolitan in 1984-2011 using multi temporal Landsat 5 and 7 images that obtained from U.S. Geological Survey organization and object oriented image processing techniques. The Results showed that the area of Tabriz metropolitan changed from 7220.34 hectares in 1984 to 22346.82 hectares in 2011. Considerable area of the recent development is located on agricultural and garden land that decreased 6470 hectares of mentioned land use needs management of urban future growth using mass building production, high-rise building production policies(compact city), using Bare land in the urban(infill development), urban development directed in other direction of agricultural land.
Mohammadreza Poumohamadi; Hasan Mahmoudzadeh
Volume 19, Issue 51 , April 2015, , Pages 59-80
Abstract
The most important part of a city is housing and assigns major part of land uses for itself. In such a way More than 60 percent in small towns and about 40 percent of big cities is covered by residential land use. The most important and complex items to the urban planners determining the quality of the ...
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The most important part of a city is housing and assigns major part of land uses for itself. In such a way More than 60 percent in small towns and about 40 percent of big cities is covered by residential land use. The most important and complex items to the urban planners determining the quality of the residential Land use deployment position and match it with the principles of urban design. Prevalence of affective factors in determining the spatial quality of residential land use deployment location, Makes necessary using of multivariate procedures, for specifying the appropriate degree of quality of residential use. The main objective of current paper is to determine the current pattern of deployment residential land use in accordance with the standards of residential land use location in decuple municipality of Tabriz metropolis. To achieve this purpose, multi-criteria evaluation methods based on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) employing for producing and analysis of maps. During this process, the natural and human factors have been identified in 12 indicators and the final quality map of residential land use deployment location based on AHP model produced. Based on research findings, from the total area of 4043.09 hectares residential land use about 502.14 Hectares with low to very low standard located in the northern parts of 1, 4, 10 and 558.61 Hectares in areas with average standard southern parts of the region's municipalities 1, 2 and 2982.314 hectares in areas with high to very high standards in the central parts of the city council district 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 are located.
