Urban Planning
roqayeh godarzvand chegini; asqar shokrgozar; maryam jafari mehrabadi
Abstract
In today's modern world where people get lost in the maze of wide streets and stairs and live hard in the layers of cold and soulless iron cities. In some cities there are areas of old structures that Walking in these areas brings peace and slowing down the passage of time. Objective of the study: Application ...
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In today's modern world where people get lost in the maze of wide streets and stairs and live hard in the layers of cold and soulless iron cities. In some cities there are areas of old structures that Walking in these areas brings peace and slowing down the passage of time. Objective of the study: Application of sustainable urban regeneration in the historical context of the Prophetic neighborhood of Qazvin Research The present study is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods and has practical aspects. In a quantitative way, the study of housing indicators in order to identify the current state of housing in the historical context. Qualitative method with in-depth interview technique. Formation of a 15-member panel of experts in order to apply sustainable urban regeneration in the historical context of Qazvin. Geographical area of the study: The study area includes the historical context of Qazvin, the neighborhood of the Prophet, the market area and the adjacent residential context. This neighborhood is limited to Imam Khomeini Street from the north, Peyghambriyeh Street from the east, Ansari from the south and Rumi from the west.In the stage of reviewing housing indicators in the historical context of Qazvin city, Peyghambrieh neighborhood can be analyzed: Housing in this context needs seismic improvement in order to strengthen, economic empowerment, identification through revitalization of historical housing species. The second stage, based on the application of sustainable urban regeneration, was summarized by the method of in-depth interviews with experts on the most important aspects of regeneration in the historical context of Qazvin, Peyghambriyeh neighborhood. Results: The main result of this research is the application of institutional mechanisms to move towards the application of integrated tissue management in the first step and then the establishment of sustainable urban regeneration in this context.
Urban Planning
Hassan Mahmoudzadeh; Mohammad Samadi; Majid paydar
Abstract
The city of Tabriz, which has the fastest urban growth in the northwest of the country, is one of the largest cities in Iran in terms of population, economic activity, industry and transportation options. Public transportation and industry combustion and lack of proper filtration of these industries, ...
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The city of Tabriz, which has the fastest urban growth in the northwest of the country, is one of the largest cities in Iran in terms of population, economic activity, industry and transportation options. Public transportation and industry combustion and lack of proper filtration of these industries, such as thermal power plants, has led to increased air pollution in the city. For this purpose, the present study tries to use input variables (distance from industrial centers, humidity, temperature, population density, distance from commercial centers, distance from bus stations, distance from educational centers, vegetation changes, distance from free Roads, building density, wind direction, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide) to assess air pollution using artificial neural networks in the metropolis of Tabriz. In the present study, the independent variables affecting the distribution of pollution probability in two models of multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP) and linear regression were tried to be defined by defining measures in urban management and influencing and planning the mentioned variables.Improve pollution control.The results show that the major pollutants are mostly suspended particles (PM10), gas (CO2), (SO2) and (NOx).The dispersion of airborne particles is mostlydue to vehicle traffic, industrial activities, fuel combustion of diesel engines and construction and the need to generate more electricity.-The activities of thermal power plants, Tabriz refinery and domestic and commercial heating systems are also among the factors producing SO2 and the highest CO2 production is related to the fuel of gasoline-burning vehicles.The intensity of the increase in the amount of this pollutant in all selected stations in the autumn and winter seasons is much higher, so that in these seasons the pollutants reach more than twice the allowable level.The share of Tabriz air pollutants can be divided into three general categories, the most important of which is the thermal power plant and transportation.
Urban Planning
Amin Hamidi; Dariush Sattarzadeh; Nima Valizadeh; Lida Balilan Asl
Abstract
The aim of this research is to explain the indicators of urban morphology based on sustainable development and evaluate the level of sustainability of neighborhoods based on these indicators. The present research is of a research-applied type. The indicators used in the research are building age, building ...
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The aim of this research is to explain the indicators of urban morphology based on sustainable development and evaluate the level of sustainability of neighborhoods based on these indicators. The present research is of a research-applied type. The indicators used in the research are building age, building materials, building quality, fractal index, texture status index, sky view factor (SVF), proximity to the main street, proximity to public transportation, proximity to shopping centers, proximity to Education centers, Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Land Use Mixing. The results determined that Gol Park, Valiasr 1, Valiasr 3, Baghmishe Ghadim 3 are the neighborhoods with sustainable morphology. Also, Golkar, Valiasr 2, Kalantar Koocheh, Sangi Pol 1 and 2, Baghmishe Ghadim 1 and 2, Bilanko 1 and 2 are the neighborhoods with semi-sustainable morphology. In addition, the neighborhoods of Shahid Beheshti, Mullah Zeinal 1 and 2, Idealo 1 and 2, Yousefabad 1 to 3, Ghoshtkhaneh seylab 1 to 3, Valiasr 4, Abbasi 1 and 2 are the neighborhoods with unsustainable morphology. The results showed that neighborhoods with high social and economic status are generally sustainable neighborhoods and neighborhoods with low social and economic status and informal settlements including Shahid Beheshti alley, Mullah Zinal 1 and 2, Ideolo 1 and 2, Yousefabad 1 to 3, Ghoshtkhaneh seylab is 1 to 3, they are unsustainable. The total number of people living in neighborhoods with sustainable, semi-sustainable, and unsustainable morphology is 46.544, 79.603, and 89.851, respectively. Based on the results, texture status index, NDVI, and proximity to public transportation with weights of 0.18335, 0.12975, and 0.11036, respectively, are three essential indicators in explaining urban morphology.
Urban Planning
Gholamali Khammar; Sahar Azarian; somaye rahdarpoodine
Abstract
Sustainable development on a neighborhood scale means improving the quality of life in it and including all environmental, physical, cultural, social and economic features and components without creating obstacles for the next generation. In this regard, urban land use as the core of the planning system ...
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Sustainable development on a neighborhood scale means improving the quality of life in it and including all environmental, physical, cultural, social and economic features and components without creating obstacles for the next generation. In this regard, urban land use as the core of the planning system has an important role in providing welfare services, access and meeting the needs and diverse needs of citizens at the neighborhood level, while land use is evenly distributed in urban areas. Do not cause the emergence of gaps and heterogeneity of stability in urban neighborhoods and naturally increase the dissatisfaction of a wide range of urban residents with the living environment and reduce their quality of life. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of urban land use on the sustainability of urban neighborhoods in Zabol.For this purpose, the research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Data collection was documented and analyzed by spatial analysis. The results show that there are inequalities between neighborhoods in terms of access to service use and the concentration and density of service uses is in areas 2 and 3. This has increased spatial and welfare inequalities between neighborhoods and this has reduced the quality of life in some neighborhoods. have given.
Urban Planning
Majid Rahmani; karim Hosseinzadeh dalir; Mohammadreza Pakdelfard
Abstract
Reading of any building and city construction requires the idea of environmental holism and therefore requires aesthetic perception. The urban landscape is in the heart of this idea. The one that is linked to quality of life in connection with the objectivism of the image and landscape of the city. In ...
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Reading of any building and city construction requires the idea of environmental holism and therefore requires aesthetic perception. The urban landscape is in the heart of this idea. The one that is linked to quality of life in connection with the objectivism of the image and landscape of the city. In this article public interest is not considered in the conventional sense of city services and its equal distribution but also due to visualization of urban representation structures, city landscape and the quality of space in this structures are public interests and goods. Equal distribution of this public goods in improving quality of life can be examined both tangible and statistically. The research method is descriptive and analytical and a total of 120 people who is living in the district 2 of Shiraz municipality have been interrogated. The result of research indicate that desired quality and the reading of image and landscape of city have direct and significant effect on place belongness, investment flow, growth and quality of life.
Urban Planning
AliAkbar Salaripour; Amirmohammad Amjadian
Abstract
Rural development is not separate from urban issues because many rural and agricultural services are located in urban centers. The purpose of this article is to review and present strategies for the development of the Songhor as a city supporting agricultural service. This research is placed in the group ...
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Rural development is not separate from urban issues because many rural and agricultural services are located in urban centers. The purpose of this article is to review and present strategies for the development of the Songhor as a city supporting agricultural service. This research is placed in the group of qualitative and quantitative research in terms of practical purpose and in terms of framework. Data collection tools include document analysis, observation and questionnaire. The research is descriptive-survey from the point of view of the nature and method of data collection and is applied from the point of view of the goal. Sampling was done in a non-probability and intentional way, which is compatible with the purpose of the study. The validity of the content of the questionnaire was examined and confirmed by obtaining the opinions of specialists and experts; The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha) was obtained and confirmed as 0.983 using SPSS software. After determining the members of the list consisting of 26 experts, 3 Delphi steps were carried out. The method of data analysis in this research is the use of strategic factors analysis matrix. In this way, at the beginning, strategic factors were determined in the form of SWOT matrix, and finally, with the formation of QSPM matrix, the strategies of "Using branding capacity for economic development" with a total attractiveness score of 6.71, "Development of suburban communication network to get out of geographical isolation" and "Completing the production chain in the agriculture and animal husbandry sector" with a total attractiveness score of 6.39 and "Increasing incentives and creating attractions and investment platforms to attract investors and creating jobs in the private sector" with a total attractiveness score of 6.33 are introduced as the most important development strategies of the city of Songhor became
Urban Planning
Bratali Khakpoor; Zohre Bolori; Roghayeh davari
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine and diagnose the relationship between viability indices of dense neighborhoods. For this purpose, nineteen operators were identified by studying the literature of the subject and interviews with urban planning specialists and urban planning that has been experienced ...
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The purpose of this study was to determine and diagnose the relationship between viability indices of dense neighborhoods. For this purpose, nineteen operators were identified by studying the literature of the subject and interviews with urban planning specialists and urban planning that has been experienced about life. These factors were divided into six general, functional, social, natural, economic, visual and perceptual categories. Then, in order to identify the axial indexes of the model, the cognitive fuzzy mapping was used and the penetration rate of each indicator was determined on each other In the following, the matrix obtained in the FCmapper software was implemented and the fuzzy cognitive map was drawn.In this study, after reviewing 19 indicators, land indices and density, residence satisfaction, parts size, social interactions, diversity of housing and prosperity and flourishing of the neighborhood economy are 6 important indicators in terms of focusing the most effectiveness and effectiveness in relation to other There are environmental indicators, among which the earth and density are more centered than other factors. The size of the components is important in the second rank. These two indicators have the greatest influences in other variables. The satisfaction index of residence receives the most influences from other variables.
Urban Planning
mostafa khazaee; Farzaneh Sasanpour
Abstract
AbstractCDS plans and strategic planning is the last version of the evolution of urban planning which with flexibility and participatory approach seeks to build consensus among citizens to create a future vision for urban development. The emphasis of the city development strategy is more on strengthening ...
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AbstractCDS plans and strategic planning is the last version of the evolution of urban planning which with flexibility and participatory approach seeks to build consensus among citizens to create a future vision for urban development. The emphasis of the city development strategy is more on strengthening economic competition, but it also covers poverty reduction, improving the structure of urban management, as well as increasing the quality of environmental aspects. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and is based on descriptive-analytical method. The main purpose of this research is evaluating indicators of Mallard's City Development Strategy (urban good governance, livability, bankability and competitiveness). The statistical population of this study is a selection of citizens (380 people) and Mallard city managers (50 employees of the municipality and city council). Research data were collected based on a questionnaire and Cronbach's method was used to evaluate the reliability of the research tool. The results show that among the four-dimensional indicators of Mallard's city development strategy, the index "Security in banking systems to build trust between citizens" with 3.73 had the highest score and the index "Monitoring the maintenance of living standards (per capita income) and capital" with 3.40 had the lowest score. By comparing the four components, the "bankability" component had the best relative conditions and the "urban good governance" component had the worst conditions compared to the other components.Keywords: Urban Development, Mallard City, Strategic Planning, CODAS Model.
Urban Planning
Hamid Reza Rakhshaninasab; somaye rahdarpoodine; mojtaba solaymani
Abstract
مسکن ابتداییترین و حیاتیترین نیاز هر موجود زندهای در طبیعت، به معنا و مفهوم سرپناه است. مسکن در محلههای کمبرخوردار به دلیل خودرو بودن، نداشتن مجوز ساخت، استفاده ...
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مسکن ابتداییترین و حیاتیترین نیاز هر موجود زندهای در طبیعت، به معنا و مفهوم سرپناه است. مسکن در محلههای کمبرخوردار به دلیل خودرو بودن، نداشتن مجوز ساخت، استفاده از مصالح ناپایدار و ریزدانگی از کمیت و کیفیت مناسبی برخوردار نمیباشد. همین امر زیستپذیری مسکن را با چالشهای اساسی روبرو میسازد. بنابراین هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی زیستپذیری در قلمرو مسکن محلههای کمبرخوردار شهر زابل است. این پژوهش از نظر هدف «کاربردی» و به لحاظ ماهیت «توصیفی – تحلیلی» است. برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادههای پژوهش از میانگین شاخص، ANOVA و همبستگی چند متغییره در نرمافزار spss، جهت نمایش محلههای شهر زابل از لحاظ ابعاد زیستپذیری مسکن(اقتصادی، اجتماعی، کالبدی فضایی و زیستمحیطی) از دورنیابی به روش IDW و همچنین تکنیک چند معیاره EDAS استفاده شده است. نتایج میانگین شاخصهای پژوهش نشان میدهد مسکن محلههای کم برخوردار شهر زابل از نظر ابعاد زیستپذیری براساس رتبهبندی اکونومیست، در شرایط غیرقابل قبول قرار گرفته است. به طوری که بعد کالبدی با امتیاز 47.91 نامناسب ترین و بعد اجتماعی با امتیاز 56.55 مناسبترین می باشد. همچنین تحلیل رگرسیون در محلههای مورد بررسی نشان میدهد که بین ویژگیهای مسکن در ابعاد مختلف با زیستپذیری مسکن همبستگی بالایی وجود دارد به طوری که ضریب این همبستگی 673/0 است؛ در بین ابعاد نیز ضریب همبستگی ویژگیهای کالبدی مسکن با زیستپذیری با 561/0 بیشترین ضریب و بعد اجتماعی با 189/0 کمترین ضریب همبستگی را دارد. نتایج حاصل از وضعیت ابعاد مختلف زیستپذیری مسکن در پهنه محلههای کم-برخوردار شهر زابل براساس روش درونیابیIDW نشان میدهد که ناحیه 1 اکثر محلههای مورد بررسی را در خود جای داده است و از نظر سرانه کاربری های مسکونی، فضای سبز و شبکه معابر نسبت به نواحی دیگر شهر زابل با کمبودهای شدید روبرو است. در بعد فیزیکی و کالبدی محله معصوم آباد و در بعد اقتصادی محله قاسم آباد پایینترین امتیاز را دارا هستند.
Urban Planning
MohammadHasan Yazdani; samira saeidi zaranji; hadi eskandari eynodin
Abstract
Population growth has made a huge difference in the various aspects of human life and their function, including the spatial status of individuals. In this growth. This growth usually includes having good and proper housing is one of the most important priorities of every society. There are many differences ...
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Population growth has made a huge difference in the various aspects of human life and their function, including the spatial status of individuals. In this growth. This growth usually includes having good and proper housing is one of the most important priorities of every society. There are many differences between neighborhoods and urban areas in terms of having a good and affordable housing, and these differences have led citizens to consider different indicators for their choice of residence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate domiciliation indices in Ardabil city. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and causal in nature based on structural equation modeling. Data were collected through a questionnaire with 4 indices (socio-cultural, economic, environmental and physical) and 33 items based on the responses of residents of Aftab, Mahtab, Banafsheh and Milad residential towers in District 2 of Ardabil city with a sample size of 400 . The collected data were analyzed by SPSS, Smart-PLS software. The results of path coefficient analysis and t-test showed that the variables (suitability of neighborhood conditions, heeding of urban principles and widespreading of alleyways and streets, suitability of neighborhood conditions for traffick of women, having parking, freshity and inanity of neighborhood, people's culture level had dedicated the most date for itself. The results showed that 4 research indicators have a positive and significant impact on domiciliation selection of Ardebil residents. With identifying and evaluating domiciliation indicators in the view of citizens, city managers can improve and perferment the housing conditions of citizens.
Urban Planning
Mahmood Parvinzad; Reza Valizade; Karim Hoseinzade Dalir; Hasan Ahmadzade
Abstract
One of the most important challenges facing urban management is informal housing. This phenomenon is one of the adverse consequences of urbanization in the contemporary world, which is especially formed as a result of rapid industrialization and regional inequalities, and due to the deprivation and lack ...
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One of the most important challenges facing urban management is informal housing. This phenomenon is one of the adverse consequences of urbanization in the contemporary world, which is especially formed as a result of rapid industrialization and regional inequalities, and due to the deprivation and lack of informal settlements in urban living facilities compared to other Urban areas have made them the focus of acute urban issues and problems and against sustainable human development. The current situation of informal settlements shows that the plans, forecasts and measures taken to address the problems of this phenomenon, especially in the metropolis of Tabriz, have not been so effective that the expansion of informal settlements in this city is a reason for this claim. For this purpose, in this study, an attempt has been made to systematically identify and analyze the key drivers affecting the formation and expansion of informal settlements in the Tabriz metropolis. The research method in the present study is mixed (quantitative-qualitative) with analytical-exploratory nature. The intersection of the components is formed. In the next step, the matrix is analyzed using Micmac software. The results of the dispersion of variables in the axis of influence and the influence of factors in Mikmak software indicate the instability of the system in the study area and accordingly, five categories of variables were identified. Finally, due to the high score of direct and indirect influence of factors, eighteen main factors were identified as key drivers in the formation and expansion of informal settlement in the region. Among the studied drivers, the variables of the economic sector had the greatest impact on the formation and expansion of informal settlement in the study area.
Urban Planning
Ali akbar Taghipour; Benyamin Hasanzadeh Baghi; Parsa Ahmadi Dehrashid
Abstract
pedestrian zones are places that help improve the physical and mental health of people and their social mobility, creating human spaces and the identity of cities. But these conditions will be realized when the pedestrian zone is built based on the needs and expectations of the citizens. Therefore, the ...
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pedestrian zones are places that help improve the physical and mental health of people and their social mobility, creating human spaces and the identity of cities. But these conditions will be realized when the pedestrian zone is built based on the needs and expectations of the citizens. Therefore, the city management must be aware of the factors that are of great importance in pedestrian zones from the point of view of citizens and also check the success rate of pedestrian zone construction projects to solve the defects and problems in these spaces. In this research, by considering a complete set of factors affecting the quality of the pedestrian zone and using a method different from other previous researches, it was tried to evaluate these factors in the two phases of the pedestrian zone in Rasht city from the citizens' point of view, so that in addition to finding the most important factor, two phases The pedestrian zones are also compared to each other. The research method is applied based on the objective and descriptive-analytical based on the implementation method. Based on the research literature, four criteria (physical-spatial, access, socio-economic, micro-design) and 22 indicators were selected. In the next step, by distributing 392 questionnaires among the citizens as a simple random sampling, using Shannon's entropy method, the importance coefficient of study criteria and indicators and their weighted scores were obtained in two phases. The results show that in general, the level of satisfaction of the citizens with the pedestrian zone is average, and the micro-criterion of the design and three indicators are "suitable design for the disabled and the elderly", "lighting at night" and "proper placement of trash cans, drinking fountains, etc." They are of great importance and have the greatest impact on the quality of the pedestrian zone. These factors are more satisfactory in the first phase compared to the second phase of the pedestrian zone. In general, from the point of view of the citizens, the first phase of the pedestrian zone with a normalization score (0.52) is more favorable than the second phase (0.47). These results can be effective in the success of urban management to build desirable pedestrian zones. If more attention is paid to the design factor of these spaces.
Urban Planning
Neda Sohrabi; Hassan Sajadzadeh
Abstract
Vitality is one of the basic needs of cities that with the development of urbanization and social harms, its importance is increasing day by day. Focusing on environmental qualities leads to the efficiency and vitality of urban spaces, the continuation of urban life and the strengthening of physical-mental ...
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Vitality is one of the basic needs of cities that with the development of urbanization and social harms, its importance is increasing day by day. Focusing on environmental qualities leads to the efficiency and vitality of urban spaces, the continuation of urban life and the strengthening of physical-mental health characteristics and belonging to the place. Today, we are witnessing a decline in environmental qualities, lively activities, lack of natural and urban green spaces, and as a result, the active and lively presence of people in urban spaces is diminishing. Parklet is one of the factors that can be effective in encouraging citizens to walk and increase vitality in urban spaces. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess and evaluate the role of Parklets in order to increase vitality in one of the most important promenades and pedestrian boulevards in Hamadan called Eram Boulevard. The research method is applied and survey and the data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire to obtain citizens' opinions and the reliability of the data was calculated by Cronbach's alpha of 0.845. The statistical population of the study includes all people who walk on Eram Boulevard in Hamedan, but there are no exact statistics in this regard. Therefore, the sample size was evaluated based on the Cochran's formula in the Likert spectrum by 360 users of this space. In order to analyze the data, one-sample t-test, Pearson correlation and multivariate regression in SPSS statistical software were used. The results indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between the variables of public space expansion, improving street landscape, a place for social interactions, increasing economic income and improving quality of life with vitality. Also, the index of social interactions and improving the landscape of the street have the greatest impact on increasing the vitality of Eram Boulevard in Hamedan.
Urban Planning
Rasou; Ghorbani; Shahrivar Roustaie; Nasim Abolhassani
Abstract
Cities are the most complex systems and networks that have ever emerged. Beyond the classical equilibrium debate, they need a lot of energy to maintain their cohesive structure. Therefore, in the development of cities, it should be noted that a complex and coherent network includes a hierarchical and ...
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Cities are the most complex systems and networks that have ever emerged. Beyond the classical equilibrium debate, they need a lot of energy to maintain their cohesive structure. Therefore, in the development of cities, it should be noted that a complex and coherent network includes a hierarchical and interconnected structure that emerges at different spatial scales and over time, and to maintain this coherence, the interconnected structure must be adhered to. The main structure of the city as a formative of ossification and urban form has had a great impact on the communication and spatial arrangement of urban spaces. Some parameters have played a more prominent role in shaping the urban structure over time, and some vice versa. One of the methods based on the use of computers and scientific methods in the field of urban studies is the spatial arrangement technique. The purpose of this paper is to apply the spatial arrangement technique in the study of the configuration and main structure of the historical city of Tabriz during the last century. Interconnection, space depth and selection) have been discussed using axial line maps and the results have been presented in the form of graphic and mathematical data. The research findings indicate that the axes and routes of the historical and central context of Tabriz have lost their importance and role, but the potential and capacity of revitalization have their role and importance in the main structure of the city.
Urban Planning
Ali Mirzaie; Mohammadreza Pourmohammadi; Shahrivar Rostaei
Abstract
Housing pattern and life style comprise a part of the society,s culture. In the current times and in line with the changing of society and culture, we are witnessing the transformation of accommodation style and pattern. Therefore, the aim of this research is analyzing the relationship between ...
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Housing pattern and life style comprise a part of the society,s culture. In the current times and in line with the changing of society and culture, we are witnessing the transformation of accommodation style and pattern. Therefore, the aim of this research is analyzing the relationship between changes of life style and the pattern of Islamic housing in Tabriz metropolis. The method of the research is descriptive, survey and inferential and is based on referring to Islamic sources of Quran verses and narratives. In addition, questionnaires have been used to achieve the research purposes. The statistical population of the research consists of all the residents of Tabriz in the whole area of this metropolis and the subjects were selected using simple accidental method of sampling. For confirming or rejecting the hypotheses, SPSS software was used for analyzing the data obtained from the questionnaires. By analyzing the relationship between variables and ranking of the indices and components of the research it became possible by application of multiple regression model and single-sample t test. In addition, using network analysis model and Super Decision software, the ideas of 30 experts were extracted by distributing questionnaires and the elements and components of each factor were ranked. The results of the research indicated that the total multiplier correlation coefficient for independent and dependent variables were 0.906 R and the coefficient of determination was 0.822 and the adjusted coefficient of determination was 0.818. This fact indicates a high correlation between the variable of lifestyle and Islamic housing pattern. From39 sub-indicators, 12 of them which show changes in lifestyle values, belong respectively to the index of respect with coefficient (0.367), cultural values (0.243), behavioral patterns (0.215), economic values (0.132). These values have gained high privileges. In addition, social index, religious identity index and spatial and environmental values have lower ranks. Diminishing spiritual values against material ones are significant in the sense that the changes in lifestyle values have pushed the model of Islamic housing toward modernization.
Urban Planning
Marziyeh Esmaeelpour; manijeh lalehpour; Samaneh Mamaghani
Abstract
IntroductionNatural hazards, with various types and extent, as recurring and destructive phenomena, have always existed throughout the life of the planet and have always been a serious threat to humans since the creation of mankind (Rajabi et al., 2018: 184). Among the natural hazards, earthquake ...
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IntroductionNatural hazards, with various types and extent, as recurring and destructive phenomena, have always existed throughout the life of the planet and have always been a serious threat to humans since the creation of mankind (Rajabi et al., 2018: 184). Among the natural hazards, earthquake is one of the most horrible ones in the history of mankind, which belongs in the category of immediate dangers. This natural phenomenon can be characterized by their high destructive potential and the brutal killing in a short time (Taghipour, 2016: 195).There are many definitions of vulnerability in the literature. Vulnerability is defined as “a state combining physical, economic and environmental factors, which increases system sensibility to danger” by the United Nations/International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (Peng, 2012: 95). One of the most effective strategies to reduce social and economic losses resulted from earthquakes is to mitigate the vulnerability of society to seismic hazards based on an accurate and scientific risk assessment (Wei et al., 2017: 1289). It is not possible to accurately predict the earthquake, but the earthquake can be studied from the following two aspects, so the casualties caused by the earthquake decrease as much as possible. First, seismic vulnerability should be assessed before the earthquake, and the construction of disaster prevention and reduction system should be strengthened in the regions with relative high vulnerability of population. Second, according to the estimated casualties, the reasonable rescue measures would be deployed to carry out the effective rescue (Zhang et al., 2018: 2).Data and MethodIn the present study, the seismic vulnerability of district 10 of Tabriz due to its proximity to Tabriz fault has been assessed. District 10 is one of the northern areas of the city and its texture is mainly marginal, which increases the vulnerability to earthquake. Various factors affect the vulnerability of an urban area to earthquake including height and age of the buildings, the quality of materials, population density and distance to active faults (Khamespanah et al., 2016: 58). In the present study, 12 factor were applied to investigate the seismic vulnerability of district 10 of Tabriz metropolis: slope, distance to fault, to hazardous installations, to the hospitals and fire stations, population density, residential density, access to open urban public spaces, number of building floors, building quality, materials and urban grain.In order to present the vulnerability map of district 10, thematic layers of the studied criteria were prepared and transformed into fuzzy. Decreasing and increasing linear functions were used to fuzzification the thematic layers. The five fuzzy operators i.e. and, or, product, sum and gamma can be used for combining thematic maps. The operator used in this study to integrate a fuzzy subject layer is the gamma operator. Also, the vulnerability coefficient of district 10 to the average earthquake intensity was calculated. The range of numbers obtained from the vulnerability coefficient is between 0 and 1, indicating lack of damage and a building collapse, respectively. (Ahadnezhad Reveshti et al., 2010: 182).Results and DiscussionIn order to assess the seismic vulnerability, it is necessary to generate a seismic micro zonation map for the study area. To this end, 3 steps were performed as follows:Thematic layers affecting seismic vulnerability were prepared in the GIS environment and their spatial distribution in the district 10 of Tabriz was evaluated.In this step, thematic layers were transformed into fuzzy using fuzzy functions.Fuzzy thematic layers were combined using a fuzzy operator and a seismic vulnerability map was prepared for district 10 of Tabriz.The results of seismic zoning of region 10 of Tabriz using fuzzy logic can be summarized as follows: - About 4.5% of the study area is in a very high vulnerability and 12.6% of its area is in a high vulnerability class. Also, the total area of low and very low vulnerability zones is about 64.9%. Very low vulnerable areas correspond to the barren lands, green spaces and all open spaces of the district. In addition, in Eram neighborhoods in the north of the study area, residential and population density are much lower than others. Some of the southern neighborhoods of this region, such as Sheshgalan and Daveh Chi, are less vulnerable to earthquakes due to the lower population and residential density, proximity to the hospital, to green spaces and less distance to the fire station. . - Neighborhoods such as Khalilabad and Ghorbani in the central parts of district 10, are among the most vulnerable ones to earthquakes. Factors such as high population and residential density, lack of access to urban open spaces are the most important reasons for the high vulnerability of these areas. The central neighborhoods of district 10 are the most vulnerable to earthquake hazard. Due to the high population density in these areas, a large earthquake can lead to severe damage and loss of life in these areas. The results of damage analysis in district 10 of Tabriz, considering a possible earthquake with a magnitude of 10, show that the northern and southern parts of region 10 are in class D0 against a possible earthquake and will be without damage. About 6.4% of urban spaces in the study area are in Class D3, which will suffer significant to severe damage. Finally, about 0.6% of urban spaces in the study area are in class D5. This class includes part of the central neighborhoods and indicates the very high vulnerability of these areas to an earthquake.ConclusionFindings show that vulnerability is higher in the central neighborhoods of district 10. Factors such as high residential and population density, old tissue, distance to hospitals and lack of access to public open spaces are the most important factors that cause very high seismic vulnerability in this part of the city. District 10 of Tabriz is located near the large north fault of Tabriz and in this regard, the whole area is vulnerable to earthquake. However, proximity to the fault alone cannot be a measure of the vulnerability of urban buildings and structures, but planning and physical factors in the city can aggravate or, conversely, reduce seismic vulnerability. The results of the seismic vulnerability coefficient of the study area to a possible earthquake with a magnitude of 10 show that the buildings located in the central neighborhoods of district 10 have the highest seismic vulnerability. Due to the high population and residential density in these areas, during an earthquake there will undoubtedly be very high and catastrophic casualties and financial losses.
Urban Planning
Shahrivar Rostaei; Mina Farokhi Someh; Rasoul Ghorbani
Abstract
IntroductionLifestyle is one of the most popular concepts used to explore consumer behavior. In various fields, the lifestyle concept has been widely used to understand and explain certain consumer behaviors. Residential lifestyle is defined here as the way of life related to residence associated with ...
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IntroductionLifestyle is one of the most popular concepts used to explore consumer behavior. In various fields, the lifestyle concept has been widely used to understand and explain certain consumer behaviors. Residential lifestyle is defined here as the way of life related to residence associated with the consumption of time, space and money. In other words, residential lifestyle is all of the lifestyle factors related to residence. The structure and components of residential lifestyles are comprehensive and complicated, with numerous influencing factors. Here, we propose the concept of residential lifestyles as two-sided properties as individuality and sociality, subjectivity and objectivity, actuality and ideality. Residential satisfaction, Residential environmental choice, and residential preferences are one of the most studied themes in the field of the residential environment. The purpose of this study was to identify the residential choice, satisfaction, and preferences as determined by their lifestyles. A total of 206 usable questionnaires were collected from ten regions in TABRIZ City. Six residential choice factors (Safety, Social, Spaces, and Economical and Education) were derived, and the respondents were grouped into four lifestyle clusters (Urban Cluster, Natural Cluster, Economical Cluster, and Social Cluster). Data and MethodIn this research, we analyzed the characteristics of residential preferential patterns with cluster analysis, residential choice with factor analysis and residential preference and relationship with preferences with factor analysis and hierarchical multi-attribute index system and variance analysis. For the data analysis, descriptive statistics (frequency tables, graphs, percentages, and variance) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation, ANOVA, T-test) were used. Results DiscussionIn this research, on the basis of the understanding of residential lifestyles and its influence factors, we firstly aimed to interpret the concept through the approach of urban planning as the initial step. Among the factors, we focus on the residential preference, residential emphasis on housing selection, and residential satisfaction as well as the individual attributes such as age, housing ownership, household structure and living years, etc.ConclusionWe have studied residential lifestyles from the perspectives of residential choice factors, residential preference, and residential satisfaction. We have made clear the principal residential choice factors of samples from TABRIZ City. Three subjective residential preferences patterns were obtained: Pattern (1) is the urban preference pattern; (2) is the enjoying life and natural preference pattern; (3) is economical preference pattern and (4) is social preference pattern.
Urban Planning
Mohammad Ezzati; Karim Hosseinzade Delir; Mohamad reza Pourmohammadi
Abstract
IntruductionThe emergence of metropolitan areas is one of the most important phenomena of 20th century. This phenomenon happened primarily as a result of concentration of wealth in the most important cities of the world and then decentralization of population and activities in bigger areas along with ...
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IntruductionThe emergence of metropolitan areas is one of the most important phenomena of 20th century. This phenomenon happened primarily as a result of concentration of wealth in the most important cities of the world and then decentralization of population and activities in bigger areas along with political, social, economic and industrial processes. Nowadays the metropolitan regions face different challenges including: population distribution and activities in the region, lack of territorial balance, the process of physical growth of cities, the distribution of facilities among residents and etc. All of these have created problems for the municipal management of the city.Data and MethodThe present study, with its brief view on regionalist thoughts, tries to analyze the process of growth and distribution of population in the metropolitan region of Tabriz. The method of present research has been descriptive (library) -analytical so as to answer the main question of the research : “ How has the interaction of population of Tabriz with surrounding urban points been ?” by collecting data based on documentary and library method and using approved plans and existing statistics and reports .Results and DiscussionThe present article tries to present solutions for improving the territorial planning and appropriate distribution of population in the metropolitan region of Tabriz. The results reveal that the rapid growth of urbanization in Tabriz has led to deep distance between population of this city and the surrounding cities.ConclusionIn the past few decades in so far as the blueprint of distribution of population in the aforementioned region has been unplanned and it has not followed an appropriate order in proportion to the potentials and capacities and this has caused the management of Tabriz and the metropolitan region many problems. If this continues, this area will face even more problems.
Urban Planning
Hassan Mahmoudzadeh; Fateme Zeini Goldar; Zeinat Mohammadpour Sangani
Abstract
IntroductionCity is considered as a dynamic phenomenon that is transforming and changing over time. The set of human elements and artificial factors are effective in creating this dynamism and transformation (Roshani et al., 2016: 32). In fact, urban landscapes are a combination of natural and human ...
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IntroductionCity is considered as a dynamic phenomenon that is transforming and changing over time. The set of human elements and artificial factors are effective in creating this dynamism and transformation (Roshani et al., 2016: 32). In fact, urban landscapes are a combination of natural and human components. The expansion of cities has occurred with unprecedented growth throughout the world in the last few decades. The main concern of this rapid development is its profound impacts on urban ecosystems and biodiversity due to fragmentation.This issue has increased interest among ecological researchers to examine the structure of urban landscapes and environmental outcomes and, consequently, the physical development of cities (Fan et al., 2017). Understanding the landscape pattern, changes and interactions between human activities and natural phenomena is essential for land management and decision- making (Kammer et al., 2015). It should be noted that traditional methods such as mapping to examine changes in land uses are time-consuming and costly and require special skills (Nazarnejad et al., 2018: 24). In this regard, the emergence of remote sensing techniques and GIS has enabled researchers, planners and city managers to have a comprehensive view of land and land use change over time at a lower cost (Aryana et al., 2010).Data and MethodNowadays, the concept of cities is unperceivable without considering growth in various forms. In fact, urban life and its physical and natural impacts are considered as one of the important topics in planning and macro management. In the present study, Landsat satellite images with a resolution of 30 meters, TM and OLI sensors were used for the years 1984, 2000, 2018 and 2019. After pre-processing and processing, the images were classified in eCognition software using the nearest neighbor algorithm. Object-oriented classification is the newest method of classification based on segmentation.The images were classified into 6 categories (construction, gardens and green space, water, vegetation, barren and rangeland) to extract the land cover map and detect the changes in the images resulting from classification, and the generated maps entered Fragstats software to measure land use metrics. This software obtains metrics at three levels: spot, land class, and landscape (Marx, 1995: 23). One of the advantages of assessment by using landscape metrics is to help gain knowledge on the level of development or fragmentation of the study area in the shortest time possible with digital data that is comparable to replicate the study in future. Given the aim of this study, a class of metrics was analyzed.The NP metric has been increasing for all three cities, reflecting the fact that land uses have fragmented and lost their integrity over time in recent decades due to the growth of urbanization and the increase in construction. The LPI metric for the construction land use of Tabriz city had the lowest value for 1984 and has had an increasing trend in later periods, and the cities of Urmia and Maragheh, in addition to the construction land use show an increase in barren land use. The ED metric calculates spot margin density and uses it to measure the degree of connection of land uses. Due to an increase in construction, land uses of the three cities have reduced and they have faced degradation of rangeland over a 35-year period.LSI metric: This indicator represents the standardized size of total length of edge or edge density. The land uses of construction, gardens and green space are showing increasing trend for Tabriz and Maragheh cities, and land uses of vegetation, gardens and green space and construction are showing an increasing trend for Urmia city. This disorder has been more severe between 2000 and 2019. It suggests that the shape of the landscape in cities has become more complex and geometrically irregular. Then, the patterns of urban development trends were analyzed using the Landscape Index. This index is defined according to buffer. In this index, if the newly grown spot belongs to the center and around it, it will be infilling type, if the development is from the margin of empty fields, it will be edge-expansion type, and if the expansion of the area is far from the main area and in empty parts, it will be outlying type.Results and DiscussionNowadays, changing lifestyles and meeting the vital needs of human beings in different regions requires basic information that satellite images make it possible for planners and managers by collecting information from land sources in a regular and systematic framework. Obtaining quantitative data and preparing maps that are a reflection of biological and human phenomena on the surface of the earth over time will solve one of the problems of urban human beings, namely environmental problems. Good urban management requires classification maps in addition to a proper understanding of the nature of components of the landscape. Gaining knowledge on the process of change in the city and directions of its development will play an effective role in managing the current situation.Results obtained for three periods suggest that urban construction had the most changes in the landscape of Tabriz and Maragheh cities between 1984 and 2019, which has led to a reduction in rangeland. The metropolis of Urmia shows the change of agricultural lands and an increase in gardens, in addition to construction. Also, based on the landscape development index, it was found that Tabriz and Urmia develops mostly from suburbs and outskirts, indicating the construction of towns and marginalization development from the center to the outskirts. Expansion of commercial centers and reconstruction of old areas may be one of its reasons. In the Maragheh city, expansion is from the center, which includes the increase of the rural population or the integration of the villages and from distant area, which indicates development of gardens and other things. In general, several influential factors were considered in the present study. By obtaining quantitative data (according to a management principle, non-quantified data cannot be managed) and comparing them with classified maps using object-oriented classification technique, as one of the most accurate and up-to-date classifications, the ecology of cities was examined over a period of 35 years to provide basic information for planners and city managers for major cities that are increasingly growing.
Urban Planning
jamshid Nagiloo; hasan sattari sarbangoli; Mohammad Reza Pakdelfard; Shabnam Akbari Nam,dar
Abstract
Introduction Socio-economic transformations and its metamorphoses in the some natural, environmental and sociological spheres have reached to complex stage that epistemological reading of it needs to readout of the philosophical and theosophy and literacy tradition on the lived and non-lived ...
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Introduction Socio-economic transformations and its metamorphoses in the some natural, environmental and sociological spheres have reached to complex stage that epistemological reading of it needs to readout of the philosophical and theosophy and literacy tradition on the lived and non-lived experience of communities at the length of history. The most important factor of this situation is the dialectic of change that twin of modernity that firstly it has been revealed in the context of the city. Modernity as the driving force of development has created the city- change foundation. Dialectical signification of change , is firstly the complexity of the situation and then multiple crisis that come down on city in other word disasters are concentrated in cities. Urban resilience paradigm is the provision of urban planning knowledge based on probabilities and growth of complexities. The theory of the resilience over the past four decades was developed to explain the sudden changes in socio- ecological systems. Resilience is the capacity of a system against the internal or external changes. Urban resilience is the multi-dimensional and therefore we consider analyzing of interaction and strength and weakness and threats and opportunity points of various dimensions of city system an by the way finding of minimum, middle and maximum optimum points in this debt. Olazabal and Chelleri have been reached to this conclusion that in order to rising of resilience , cities have to stepwise change about way of life, services, infrastructure, access to labor market and also organizational and commercial types. Because of this in the literature about resilience, terms such as protective factors, adaptive reactions, results and principled mechanisms are understood. resilience Infrastructures of Zanjan city is affected by both it's natural- absolute geography and by it's relative- human geography at the local and national level and scales. Data and Method The logic of the research , of course, is deductive reasoning. For this purpose, first, the basic theory of urban resilience that has been proposed in recent years was considered. Then by explanatory- analytical method, the indicators of this theory have been used for experimental expression in the field of the research. Results and Discussion Finally according to the evaluation of the average values of resilience from the sample areas can be said in fact there is downward trend in the rate of social resilience respectively from the neighborhoods of Karmandan and Sabzehmeydan to the Engelab square to Amirkabir neighborhoods. Descriptive analysis of the socio- cultural dimensions data of the resilience shows that the average resilience rate for all sample household is 97.42. this amount is equal to 152.067 for households of Karmandan, Sabzeh Meydan to Enghelab Square is 141.65 and Amirkabir is 139.72. ConclusionsNatural hazards are not considered as natural destructive phenomena in the first view. They repeatedly occur in the nature. Today the most important hazards include earthquake, flood, storm, tsunamis, drought , landslide, volcano etc. countries around the world considering different management methods to deal with different types of risks in order to be able to implement risk reduction program. Resilience approach in order to strengthen of society capabilities and also reduce their vulnerability, promotes resilience of urban settlements . thus " analyzing and increasing resilience against natural disaster" has become more important and widespread area. So that currently discussed about simultaneous and reciprocal movement of sustainable development and disaster management toward increasing of resilience. Accordingly the analysis and increase of resilience of human and environmental systems against natural disasters in order to achieve the goal of sustainable development has been particular importance.
Urban Planning
mohsen ahadnejad reveshty; Mehdi Eshlaghi
Abstract
IntroductionUrbanologists have long held the view that the physical and social dynamics of public space play a central role in shaping public affairs and public culture. Identity of place is a prerequisite and precondition for sustainable planning and management for the value chain, social cohesion, ...
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IntroductionUrbanologists have long held the view that the physical and social dynamics of public space play a central role in shaping public affairs and public culture. Identity of place is a prerequisite and precondition for sustainable planning and management for the value chain, social cohesion, formation and strengthening of civic and democratic culture, creating vitality and urban life at the level of individual and social actions of citizens in space. All of which are the building blocks of a good city and a meaningful urban identity. The purpose of this article is a comparative study of the components of identity of place in Abresan and Shariati street spaces of Tabriz.Data and MethodThe present paper is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Data were collected using documentary sources (libraries) and field studies (researcher-made questionnaire). The statistical population of this study included the total users of both streets studied, in which 400 people were identified as the sample size. The research samples were selected using simple random sampling method in Abresan and Shariati street spaces. Two samples of Leven test and t-test were used to analyze the data.Results and DiscussionFindings show that in total, Shariati Street in nine of the ten variables studied means the aesthetic and visual quality of space with an average (3.85), mental image of space with an average (3.78), the quality of city furniture with an average (3.75) ), The feeling of security in the street space with an average (3.66), the sense of belonging to a place with an average (3.60), the experimental and psychological space of people with an average (3.83), the lifestyle of residents with an average (3.54), the variety of people's activities in space With average (3.52), accessibility and permeability (3.50), sociability and population with average (3.35) have higher mean than water supply, respectively, the only variable in which Abresan has the upper hand, the variable of accessibility and permeability with average (3.75) in favor of Abresan Street and (3.50) in Shariati. In other words, such an arrangement is in fact the rank of each variable in Shariati and Abresan streets, which is based on the opinions of their street users..Conclusion The general results of this study showed that of the three components in the form of ten categories studied identity of place, in general, Shariati Street in the traditional context of Tabriz produces more identity than modern Abresan in the modern context.
Urban Planning
ferydoun babai aghdam; hadi hakimi; nader tabei
Abstract
IntroductionInclusive city approach seeks to increase citizens' access to urban services and infrastructure through targeted and accessible investments.The city of Tabriz facing a major challenge in terms of the three basic dimensions of the inclusive city (spatial, social and economic inclusion); Because ...
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IntroductionInclusive city approach seeks to increase citizens' access to urban services and infrastructure through targeted and accessible investments.The city of Tabriz facing a major challenge in terms of the three basic dimensions of the inclusive city (spatial, social and economic inclusion); Because access to affordable infrastructure, land and housing (spatial dimension), the right to the city and participation in the urban management process (social dimension) and access to equal opportunities has become a major issue for urban development managers. Therefore, considering the issues and problems raised, the present study seeks to identify the factors affecting the inclusion of the city of Tabriz, to level the ten regions in terms of indicators.Data and MethodThe research method is descriptive-analytical. The steps and methods of conducting research, can be summarized in three steps. In the first step, the Delphi method has been used to identify the key factors of inclusive city. In the second step, Vensim model was used to find the cause and effect relationship between key factors. Then, VIKOR model was used to identify areas in terms of having the characteristics of an inclusive city and their ranking.Results and DiscussionBased on the Delphi model, the key and influential factors on the formation of an inclusive city in the metropolis of Tabriz by thematic axes are presented in the table below.Table 1-1. Factors affecting the formation of an inclusive city in the metropolis of TabrizAxisKey factorsSpatial scaleLocalNationalInternationalEconomicEconomic reconstruction * Employment * Informal employment* Economic replacement* Inclusive growth* Distribution of opportunities* SocialMigration * Mobility* access to information** Feeling of security* Citizenship rights** Right to the city* Smart City* Sustainable Development***Social Equality* Quality of Life* Social Justice** EnvironmentalResilience** transportation planning* Infrastructure** Environmental sustainability** Reduce water loss* Make up for lost water* Waste Management* Natural quality of urban space* Water saving* PoliticalGovernance** Innovation* Stability** Political participation** political power** SpatialAffordable housing* Public spaces* Spatial justice* Land Use* Source: Results of the author's studiesAfter identifying the effective factors and confirming their relationship to the formation of the inclusive city, these factors were modeled through Vensim software. The purpose of this software is to find optimal solutions in different situations that need to be analyzed. This software has the ability to simulate the dynamic behavior of systems by identifying causal loops and finding leverage points. Then, in order to analyze the cause-and-effect relationship (factors extracted in the Delphi model), key factors were entered into the relevant software. Findings obtained from Vensim model, show the effectiveness of two factors of spatial justice and resilience in the inclusive development of Tabriz.Then, in order to ranking the ten districts of Tabriz, the VIKOR model was used. Research indicators have been extracted according to the review of theoretical foundations and studies conducted in the field of inclusive city and urban sustainability. Therefore, after collecting the data and combining them, the raw data matrix of each criterion was defined in the study area. The decision matrix consists of options (rows) and criteria (columns). Our options are the ten districts of Tabriz metropolis and our criteria are 14 criteria that are given in the raw data table. The results of VIKOR model indicate that the comprehensiveness indicators of Tabriz city areas do not depend on the location of urban areas according to the north and south of the city. So that regions 9, 6, 2 and 8 have a good situation in terms of inclusive indicators. Areas 10, 1 and 4 are in the worst condition.ConclusionThe study of inclusive cities, requires study the city in all economic, social and spatial dimensions. Accordingly, the Delphi model was used to investigate the factors affecting the inclusiveness of the city of Tabriz. The results of the Delphi model show that the main factors of the inclusiveness of Tabriz city, can be divided into four main categories. Part of the factors is related to the economic situation of the city (or community) which includes economic growth, unemployment, land and housing prices and other economic and financial factors. Another part is related to structural issues, laws and regulations and general policies and even infrastructures and popular institutions that affect the formation of an inclusive city in the city of Tabriz. Social and environmental causes are other factors that affect the future of these developments. In order to identify the most influential factors and cause and effect relationships between factors, the Venice model was used. The results of Vensim model show that the two factors of resilience and spatial justice have the greatest impact on leading the city of Tabriz to inclusiveness. The results of VIKOR model show that the inclusive indicators of Tabriz city areas do not depend on the location of urban areas with respect to the north and south of the city. So that regions 9, 6, 2 and 8 have a good situation in terms of inclusive indicators and regions 10, 1 and 4 are in the worst condition.
Urban Planning
Hossein Hataminejad; noosha hamghadam; reza kanooni
Abstract
Introduction Due to the expansion of cities and population growth, the study of residential satisfaction of residents to meet future needs and achieve sustainable development, has found a special place in various studies. Residential satisfaction is examined on the basis of many components and is ...
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Introduction Due to the expansion of cities and population growth, the study of residential satisfaction of residents to meet future needs and achieve sustainable development, has found a special place in various studies. Residential satisfaction is examined on the basis of many components and is considered as a tool for decision making and policy making. In this regard, the study of residential satisfaction in the city of Rasht as the largest and most populous city in Gilan province is important. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the components of good urban governance in creating residential satisfaction in Rasht with a future study approach. The present study has been applied in terms of descriptive-analytical and exploratory methods. Data collection is by documentary method as well as survey based on Delphi technique. First, 35 factors were identified as effective factors in residential satisfaction in Rasht according to the components of good urban governance and in the next step, Micmac software was used to analyze the data and the type of questionnaire was a matrix of interactions and According to the opinions of experts and specialists in urban planning in Rasht. The weighting of this questionnaire is measured by pairwise comparisons and the relationship between variables and numbers between zero and three. Finally, 13 key factors were identified and 29 possible situations were considered for key factors. The Wizard Scenario Questionnaire was also designed as an interaction matrix and provided to experts. the questionnaire ranges from +3 to -3 varying. management and integrated urban planning, participation of local citizens and communities, the existence of infrastructure and mechanisms necessary for citizen intervention and cooperation with the municipality has the highest consistency value among key factors in improving the quality of the Rasht city's residential satisfaction within the framework of good urban governance.the study of residential satisfaction of residents has been one of the most important research topics in various fields. Residential satisfaction assessment is based on many components and covers a wide range; Such as social-components, cultural-components, physical-components, service-components, and economic-components There are several main reasons for paying special attention to this issue. From the first point of view, residents' evaluation of residential environments can be considered as one of the most important criteria for measuring the achievement of goals and evaluating the success rate of any project. From the second point of view, residential satisfaction is considered as one of the important indicators of the general quality of life of individuals. Rasht is the most populous city in Gilan province. For this reason, the existence of components of good urban governance in meeting the needs of this population and housing satisfaction of people is necessary. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the components of good urban governance in creating residential satisfaction. Materials and MethodsThe present study is applied in terms of descriptive-analytical method, which in line with the basics of futures science, research on the situation of residential satisfaction in the framework of good urban governance in Rasht. In this regard, data collection in the theoretical part by documentary method and in the practical part by survey, has been based on the Delphi technique. Due to the fact that Mick Mac software and Scenario Wizard have been used to analyze the data, the type of questionnaire is in the form of a matrix of interactions and is based on the opinions of experts and specialists. To identify the key factors by Mick Mac software, after identifying the factors affecting residential satisfaction, an interaction questionnaire was designed. Its validity was conducted by experts in the form of interviews. The statistical population of the study is 20 experts and specialists (geography and urban planning of Rasht). The weighting of this questionnaire is measured by pairwise comparisons and the relationship between variables and numbers between zero and three. Then, different possible situations were considered for each of the key factors and interaction effects were designed in the form of a questionnaire. Then the questionnaire was completed by the statistical community and through the Ensemble feature in the Scenario Wizard software, the questionnaires were entered into the software. Discussion and Results Mick Mac software and cross-matrix analysis have been used to extract the key factors affecting residential satisfaction in Rasht within the framework of good urban governance and the output of this software (key factors) will be used as input to the Wizard scenario software. 35 factors as effective factors in residential satisfaction in Rasht in the framework of good urban governance have been identified and studied with Mick Mac software to extract the main factors affecting residential satisfaction in Rasht (in this software the effect of variables on each other from zero to three Is valued). 29 possible situations were created for 13 key factors affecting the improvement of residential satisfaction in Rasht. The scenarios provided by ScenarioWizard software were 10,000 scenarios, of which 1294 are valid and 2 scenarios are highly compatible. Of the two scenarios with high compatibility, the first scenario shows the favorable conditions and the second scenario shows the critical conditions for the future of residential satisfaction in Rasht within the framework of good urban governance. In order to improve the situation of residential satisfaction, the possible probable situation should be strengthened and the possible critical situation should be weakened. Conclusion According to the obtained results, the first scenario is the best progressive scenario for improving the residential satisfaction situation in Rasht within the framework of good urban governance. With the realization of this scenario, 100% of the determinants of residential satisfaction in Rasht will be achieved. All 13 key factors in this scenario are among the possible probable situations and there are no critical and static factors in this scenario. The possible situations selected in this scenario have many positive effects on the factor of improving the residential satisfaction situation in Rasht within the framework of good urban governance. The second scenario is a critical scenario that with the realization of this scenario, the situation of influential factors in the future of residential satisfaction in Rasht will reach its worst. It is better for the initial measures to be in the direction of resolving the critical situations so that the system moves towards stability and the influential factors in the first scenario have their positive impact process. Integrated urban management and planning, citizen participation and local communities, the existence of necessary infrastructure and mechanisms for citizen intervention and cooperation of non-governmental organizations with the municipality are among the highest values of compatibility related to key factors in the future of residential satisfaction in Rasht.
Urban Planning
Mostafa Shahinifar; Farzin Charehjoo
Abstract
IntroductionThe urban environment is a complex system that includes various physical and social elements. The complexity of the interaction between the physical and social structure of cities has led urban designers to use different methods to explore these relationships. In urban spaces, many variables ...
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IntroductionThe urban environment is a complex system that includes various physical and social elements. The complexity of the interaction between the physical and social structure of cities has led urban designers to use different methods to explore these relationships. In urban spaces, many variables are involved in the spatial integrity of cities. Accurate definition and calculation of these variables and evaluation of their relationship are the concerns of urban planners. The main question that this research seeks to answer is what is the relationship between the physical structure of cities and the pattern of natural movement and the level of space use. In fact, the logic that this research seeks is how the relationship between the body of the city and its function is crystallized through natural movement in the city. Obtaining a common understanding of the relationship between urban form and structure with urban outcome and performance is an issue that this study seeks to test in the central context of Kermanshah. Despite the fact that the project of improving and renovating old and worn-out structures has been one of the executive priorities of development projects in the city of Kermanshah during the last two decades, but these plans are only descriptive and lack the appropriate methodology, and weakness in their methodological and theoretical basis has led to their failure in practice. The lack of belief in these plans to establish a link between this context and the urban structure is one of the main reasons for the failure and weaknesses of these plans. In fact, choosing the method of arranging the space by quantifying the qualitative characteristics of the city structure is a new step towards evaluating the structure of the central texture of Kermanshah.MethodologyThe present study is an applied research in terms of purpose and a descriptive research in terms of nature and method. the method of data collection is of two types: field and documentary. to analyze the data after determining and introducing the parameters of the layout of the space that affects the outdoor activities of the city, First, the axial map of the central part of the city has been prepared through the Axial Map module in Arc GIS software, In the drawing of axial lines, the principle has been to draw the least lines to cover each space in the first place. the second principle was to draw lines that did not cross lines over buildings, and the next principle is to connect all the lines to the axes from which the lines are branched. And if necessary have crossed those axes. Secondly, the desired pivot map is inserted into the UCL Depth map 10 software environment. and after turning it into a pivotal map, its various parameters such as, interconnection with different radii, connection, spatial depth, control, resolution, etc. have been calculated. In the next step, the desired map table was connected to the initial layer in Arch GIS software and other steps including: symbolism and preparation of outputs in this software were prepared with appropriate quality.Results and DiscussionAfter recognizing and analyzing the spatial configuration features of the central texture of Kermanshah, in order to answer the research questions, the findings were discussed and explained. Spatial layout components were very effective as quantitative indicators in understanding the relationships between structural and social factors of cities. The most important indicator of space layout is the degree of interconnection. The value of this index is high in some of the streets that play a significant role in the construction of the main ossification of the city. Low interconnection in the area is directly related to the isolation status of some neighborhoods. The research findings show that the most connected axes are Modares Street (between the Grand Mosque and the municipal parking lot), Nawab Safavi, Motahhari and the southern part of Jalili Street. with their active walls, these streets allow a kind of natural movement and visual connection between people outside and activities inside the shops. this has encouraged pedestrians to continue to be present on the street and to be more sociable. The increasing sociability of these streets has led to the formation of social interactions and increased spatial attachment. Coherence, visual acuity, depth and control were other indicators that were analyzed. Briefly analyzes graphs and graphs of control, depth, continuity, and visibility indices the organic tissues that are enclosed within the neighborhoods are in a more unfavorable situation compared to other axes, especially the main axes of the region. it is noteworthy that the application of the results of this study in addition to recognizing urban spaces in an integrated way can lead to the predictability of movement patterns in urban spaces.ConclusionThis study developed a quantitative spatial arrangement method to analyze the parameters of integration and cohesion of urban spaces. the results showed that there is a significant relationship between the physical structure and the type of urban activities. the central fabric of Kermanshah has played an extra-urban and trans-regional role as the main skeleton of the city in recent centuries. the commercial center of the city and valuable historical and cultural elements are located in this section and as a space attraction, it has attracted many of the main functions of the city. Scientific understanding of the relationship between spatial construction and social patterns in this area has increased the importance of this issue due to its direct impact on other urban sectors. So far, studies on this context have been conducted based on productive approaches and using statistics on the quantity and quality of uses. An example of such studies is the plan to improve and renovate the central fabric of Kermanshah. Although these studies have provided a statistical basis for further studies, they have failed to address the qualitative study and the deep relationships between spatial structure and social patterns and how space is used using natural motion theory due to the quantitative approach. but through this approach, the ability to deeply understand the spatial structure in order to use space effectively is possible.
Urban Planning
Asghar Abedini; Aram Khezerlou; Behrang Akrami; Amin Khalili; Parviz Azizi
Abstract
Introduction Perhaps housing can also Introduced as the main factor and objective of shaping skeleton and structure of the city, because firstly whatever of cities explicitly at citizenry possession, are homes and housing; secondary, home is a space for birth and growth and maturation ...
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Introduction Perhaps housing can also Introduced as the main factor and objective of shaping skeleton and structure of the city, because firstly whatever of cities explicitly at citizenry possession, are homes and housing; secondary, home is a space for birth and growth and maturation of man at individual or among the family situation; Third, home is a place of activity establishment and growth of family which that is the smallest social unit; Fourth, housing is the main and the most basic factor of identity of man and society and the basis of unification or vice versa Scattering of them (Naghizadeh, 2013). Affordable Housing, is a housing that its features based on the cultural values and their regeneration and promotion in the society and toward the obliteration of self- alienation and return to itself; and cultural activities and the introduction of national identity and searching the special methods in format of qualitative policies and executive policies in it is necessary (Naghizadeh, 2012). Codification of housing basics by using the foundations of Iranian- Islamic architecture of the past decades and Islam monotheism worldview principles and also requirement of pay attention to improving the quality of housing and transformation in methods of construction of buildings is inevitable (Naghizadeh & Asadzadeh Birjandi, 2013). Consideration to muslim housing in Islam is knot with insight to divine verses and this matter sacredness of the human living place. Sacredness that explain the unique features of good home and at muslim human dignity; that pay attention to each of them provide human heavenly and earthly bliss (Hoseini & Samimi, 2015). City housing and residential context are as the main manifestation of appearance of Islamic values (because of filling major section of the city area) can be in the both of old and organic urban fabrics, that based on their period native and cultural conditions, and evolved over time and remained up to now and investigated and evaluated in new fabric of cities, which forms based on urbanism methods and new patterns. This research, look for two main objectives, firstly, analysis and assessment of the housing current status of old and new neighborhoods in Urmia city based on Islamic housing indicators, secondary, analysis and assessment of Iranian- Islamic indicators status of old and new neighborhoods of Urmia city, so that this way able to achieve the strengths and weaknesses of observe of Iranian-Islamic indicators with the matching of results.Data and Method Islamic housing indicators classify in two categories of quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative indicators include: housing area, housing facades, housing quality, housing resistance and safety, housing orientation to the qibla, existence of green spaces in the neighborhood and qualitative indicators include: the use of natural light, comfort in housing, housing relation with nature, non- overlooking into housing, accessibility to housing. In the first stage, quantitative indicators were extracted through the library studies and in the next step housing quality indicators was evaluated through questionnaires. For this work, 330 number of questionnaires through Cochran formula was obtained that among residents of the studied neighborhoods were collected. Also, for weighting the Islamic housing indicators, 30 numbers of expert questionnaires were set, which 15 numbers of questionnaires were polled by experts of seminary courses and 15 numbers of questionnaires were polled by academic experts related to housing. AHP model also has been used for weighting the intended indicators by expert questionnaire. To analysis and assessment of the studied neighborhoods situation with the Islamic housing indicators and also for assessment of Islamic- Iranian housing indicators in the studied neighborhoods, TOPSIS method was used. After initial analysis and assessment of condition by using the output of TOPSIS, was proceed to the pathology and identify weaknesses of indicators, which finally was leaded to present solutions in order to reduce the problems related to having Iranian- Islamic indicators in the studiedneighborhoods.Results and Discussion According to TOPSIS method results, Behdari neighborhood as one of the new neighborhoods of the Urmia city, with consideration of Iranian- Islamic indicators toward the Mahdi- al- qadam neighborhood, which that is one of the old neighborhoods of the Urmia city, is more favorable. With the return to the indicators, respectively determine that, resistance and safety, housing area, comfort in housing and overlooking have the greatest impact in undesirable position of Mahdi- al- qadam. In other words, having weakness of mentioned indicators in the Mahdi- al- qadam neighborhood has caused that this neighborhood toward the Behdari neighborhood placed in a lower position. Therefore, in planning for the Mahdi- al- qadam neighborhood its necessary that solutions be explained to improvement of indicator status. Also, according to the results presented in table number 3 that shows the ranking of indicators in neighborhoods, resistance and safety indicator has been ranked first. Comparison between situation of the Mahdi- al- qadam neighborhood and resistance and safety indicator shows having major weakness of mentioned indicator in Mahdi- al- qadam neighborhood.ConclusionConducted analyzes in this research showed that among the chosen indicators, overlooking indicator as the factor that covering visibility and Create privacy lies in itself, also it is important from the point of view of the Seminaries and academic experts, but unfortunately this indicator is among the weakest indicators in Mahdi- al- qadam and Behdari neighborhoods and needs more attention. In both neighborhoods, interesting point is located the resistance and safety indicator in the highest position among the other indicators, that shows favorable situation of this indicator among the other indicators. Also, the results of comparing two neighborhoods represents this point that Behdari neighborhood, with consideration of all Iranian- Islamic indicators, is in a more favorable situation toward the Mahdi- al- qadam neighborhood.
