نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• حمید نظری سرمازه ¹
• اسکندر صیدایی ²

¹ دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده جغرافیا و علوم برنامه‌ریزی، دانشگاه اصفهان، ایران

² دانشیار، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر، درصدد بررسی این است که جامعه مورد مطالعه باید چه شرایطی را داشته باشد تا بتواند در مسیر توسعه کارآفرینی گردشگری حرکت کند. این پژوهش، از لحاظ ماهیت و روش توصیفی و پیمایشی و از نظر هدف کاربردی است. جامعه آماری تحقیق از افراد فعال حوزه گردشگری در مناطق روستایی شهرستان کوهرنگ تشکیل شد. نمونه 244 نفری از فعالان گردشگری به صورت تصادفی انتخاب و پرسشنامه در اختیار آنها قرارگرفت. توزیع نمونه، براساس آمار سازمان گردشگری استان، به نسبت تعداد فعالان گردشگری در مناطق روستایی شهرستان کوهرنگ صورت گرفت. از روش تحلیل مقایسه کیفی، که در ارائه راه حل های مختلف و تحلیل سیستماتیک مزیت دارد؛ برای تحلیل داده ها استفاده شد. در مجموع، چهار شاخص "اقتصادی"، "اجتماعی-فرهنگی"، "محیطی" و "زیرساختی" در قالب شرایط اثرگذار، وارد تحلیل شد. تحلیل منفرد نشان داد که شاخص "زیرساختی" با شش تکرار، بیشترین حمایت را از نتیجه دارد. با این وجود، هر کدام از شرایط به صورت جداگانه تنها شرط لازم برای توسعه کارآفرینی گردشگری است و هر کدام از شرایط در صورتی منجر به نتیجه می شوند که با شرایط دیگر ترکیب شود. در تحلیل ترکیبی، به طور کلی چهار ترکیب علی شرایط با کفایت نظری مقبول به دست آمد. ترکیب "شرایط اقتصادی" و "شرایط زیرساختی" با ضریب پوشش 81/0 و ضریب سازگاری 89/0 بیشترین تاثیر را بر توسعه کارآفرینی گردشگری دارد. پس از آن، ترکیب "شرایط اجتماعی-فرهنگی"، "شرایط اقتصادی" و "شرایط محیطی" با ضریب پوشش 72/0 و ضریب سازگاری 94/0 دومین ترکیب اثرگذار است؛ ترکیب سوم "~ شرایط محیطی" و شرایط زیرساختی" با ضریب پوشش 64/0 و ضریب سازگاری 87/0؛ و آخرین ترکیب اثر گذار "~ شرایط اقتصادی" و "شرایط محیطی" و "شرایط زیرساختی" با ضریب پوشش 49/0 و ضریب سازگاری 86/0 کمترین تاثیر را بر توسعه کارآفرینی گردشگری دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• کارآفرینی گردشگری
• شرایط زیرساختی
• الگوریتم جدول صدق و کذب
• تحلیل مقایسه کیفی
• شهرستان کوهرنگ

موضوعات

• ژئوتوریسم، اکوتوریسم و گردشگری

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of fundamental factors affecting the development of tourism entrepreneurship using qualitative comparative analysis of fuzzy set (Case study of Koohrang County)

نویسندگان [English]

• Hamid Nazari sarmazeh ¹
• Skandar Seidaiy ²

¹ Ph.D. student, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Geography and Planning Sciences, University of Isfahan , Iran

² Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Isfahan , Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
The tourism industry, as one of the strategies for rural development, has many capabilities for innovation and entrepreneurship; on the other hand, the development of entrepreneurship in low-income communities is an acceptable strategy to fight against poverty. This enterprise is due to various factors and the whole process cannot be considered without respecting the factors affecting it. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the factors affecting tourism entrepreneurship and how they interact with each other to develop a roadmap and tourism policy.
Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province is recognized as one of the main natural tourism centers of Iran. Understanding the factors affecting entrepreneurship in the tourism industry is important for two reasons in this province and the county of Koohrang: First, the province is now one of the main destinations for rural tourism and tourism, and the lack of a decent policy about tourism entrepreneurship has led to the huge potential of tourism to be used in the development of employment in a small way. On the other hand, one of the most important strategies in the development perspective of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province has been developed based on the tourism industry. Knowing the factors that affect entrepreneurship and considering all its aspects, can provide a desirable platform for the development of the tourism industry and the formulation of micro and macro policies. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer these questions: What are the fundamental factors in the development of tourism entrepreneurship? And which forms of combining these factors can have a greater impact on the development of tourism entrepreneurship?
Methodology
This study was of an applied type, nature and method were descriptive-survey. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing 5 components and it's content and face validity were approved by experts and its reliability was determined: the socio-cultural index: 0.75, economic: 0.84, environmental: 0.68, infrastructure: 0.71, and for tourism entrepreneurship: 0.77 by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The fs/QCA fuzzy set comparative analysis was used for the analysis. The population of the study is Koohrang county residents over 20 years. By using Sample power SPSS software, 254 cases were selected according to the purpose of the study and case study were selected by stratified random sampling.
Results
According to the results of the study, 88% were men and 12% were women. Their average age was 38 years; in terms of education, the highest number of people had diplomas with 33.2 and about 24.3% of the studied sample had a university education. Employment status: The highest number of jobs were in agriculture and herdsman with 35.2% and about 28.1% were unemployed. Condition and result in the analysis were conducted by using qualitative comparative analysis of fuzzy set and the analysis steps were applied as follows: After calibrating and standardizing the data, the analysis was continued by using the truth table algorithm, classification of conditions and finally X, Y To terminate the schematic, the effect of the sum of the conditions on the desired result in fs / QCA software was terminated.
Conclusion
The results showed that different causal paths and different educational indicators influenced the development of rural tourism entrepreneurship, but the type and extent of their effects are different. Among the proposed conditions, the infrastructural conditions have the most support and accompaniment with the development of tourism entrepreneurship. The findings of the study on the development of the county development landscape, especially the issue of entrepreneurship and tourism entrepreneurship are important. Understanding the various influencing factors will help to make the right planning and policy for the development of tourism entrepreneurship. On the other hand, considering that tourism is a community and people-oriented trade, policy-making, in order to prepare the necessary socio-cultural, economic, infrastructural and environmental contexts, can provide a clear perspective for tourism entrepreneurship in Koohrang County.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Tourism Entrepreneurship
• Infrastructure Conditions
• Truth Table Algorithm
• Qualitative Comparison Analysis
• Koohrang County