نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• صدیقه کیانی سلمی ¹
• سعید عباسیان ²

¹ استادیارگروه جغرافیا و اکوتوریسم، دانشگاه کاشان

² دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اکوتوریسم، دانشگاه کاشان

چکیده

دف از تحقیق بررسی نقش گردشگری در توانمندسازی ساکنان روستاهای بخش مرکزی شهرستان نطنز است. پژوهش بر اساس هدف کاربردی و بر اساس روش، توصیفی - تحلیلی است. ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات، پرسشنامه محقق ساخته با 85 سوال است که روایی آن به روش صوری و ساختاری و پایایی آن با ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شد. جامعه آماری 4046 نفر است که حجم نمونه با جدول مورگان 354 نفر برآورد گردید. برای انجام تحلیل های آماری از نرم افزار SPSS استفاده شده است. نتایج میانگین توانمندی در روستاهای گردشگرپذیر با مقدار 34/3 آن را در جایگاه بالاتری از روستاهای غیر گردشگر پذیر با میانگین 15/3 قرار داده است. نتایج آزمون تی، اثر گردشگری بر توانمندسازی فرهنگی و اجتماعی را در سطح اطمینان 95 درصد مورد تأیید قرار می دهد. وجود سطح معناداری 155/0 اثر گردشگری بر توانمندی اقتصادی را رد نموده است. مقدار آماره مقایسه‌ توانمندسازی در قالب ابعاد سه‌گانه بین روستاهای گردشگر‌پذیر و غیرگردشگر پذیر در آزمون فیشر با درجات آزادی 1 و 298 برابر با 967/5 شده است. به این صورت اختلاف بین توانمندسازی کل در روستاهای گردش‌پذیر و غیر گردش‌پذیر معنادار است. مقادیر صفر سطح معناداری برای آزمون‌ ویلکاکسون بین ابعاد توانمندسازی، نشان می‌دهد که این ابعاد دو به دو با هم دارای اختلاف معنادار هستند. به این ترتیب توانمندسازی فرهنگی با میانگین 48/3 در بالاترین سطح و توانمندسازی اقتصادی با میانگین 98/2 در پایین‌ترین سطح قرار دارند. نتایج حاصل از خوشه‌بندی متغیرها نیز حاکی از آن است که ابعاد فرهنگی و اجتماعی بر اساس درونمایه مفهومی به مراتب، به هم نزدیکتر هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• توانمندسازی فرهنگی
• توانمندسازی اقتصادی
• توانمندسازی اجتماعی
• جامعه محلی
• بخش مرکزی شهرستان نطنز

موضوعات

• برنامه ریزی روستایی

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Consequences of Tourism Development on Empowerment of Communities in Rural Areas (Case study: villages of central district of Natanz)

نویسندگان [English]

• Sedighe Kiani salmai ¹
• Saeed Abbasian, ²

¹ Assistant Professor in Geography and ecotourism, Kashan University

² Ecotourism under graduated student, University of Kashan

چکیده [English]

Introduction
In rural areas, tourism as one of the most popular forms of tourism can, lead to economic growth and the diversification of rural activities, on the other hand, by attracting human resource surpluses, to create employment and generate income for villagers, thus giving them an opportunity to develop All-round. In recent years and in line with tourism development in rural districts, study of the effect and action of rural tourism has been a productive domain for interdisciplinary research. One of the subjects is investigating the tourism effects on empowerment of rural societies. Accordingly, aim of the study is to investigate the role and the effect of rural tourism on empowering of local society in social, cultural and economic aspects in villages of central district of Natanz.
Methodology
 The study is an applied research and from the point of view of the method and nature, it is a descriptive-analytic one. The method of collecting the data was a combination of library and field methods. Data collecting tool is a researcher made questionnaire including 85 general and special questions. Validity of the tool is face validity and was confirmed by experts and also was structural by means of factor analysis and its reliability was set by Cronbach’s Alpha about 0.854. Statistical population of the study were the rural inhabitants of central district of Natanz (N=4046). The sample size was 354 people according to Morgan table. Statistical analyses were conducted by SPSS software, Binominal tests, chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, T student, Fisher, Manova, Anova, factor analysis and cluster analysis. The Maps was made by ArcGIS software.
Results and discussion
 The results show that the average of general empowerment in tourism villages with amount of 3.34 is in a higher place than non-tourism villages with general empowerment average of 3.15. The results of T-test, according to the average amounts of the sample 3.48 and 3.34 for cultural empowerment and social empowerment respectively and high amounts of T student 11.574 and 8.280 which were the result in zero for the assumed significant level of zero, confirm the effect of tourism on cultural and social empowerment in level of 0.05. Level of significant of 0.155 for tourism effect on economic empowerment aspect, has denied the effect of tourism on this aspect. Also, the statistical amount of empowerment comparison in Fisher test is 5.967 with freedom degrees of 1 and 298 in form of triple aspects among tourism and non-tourism villages. Hence, the difference between general empowerment among tourism and non-tourism villages is significant. Zero amounts of significant level for Wilcoxon tests among empowerment aspects show that these aspects have significant differences two by two. Consequently, cultural empowerment with average of 3.484 is in the highest level and economic empowerment with average of 2.98 is in the lowest level. The results of clustering the variables demonstrate that cultural and social aspects are closer to each other based on conceptual theme.
Conclusion
According to the findings, empowerment status is better in tourist villages. In general, cultural empowerment is most and economic empowerment is the least. It seems that the situation with regard to economic empowerment seems not to be favorable; especially the investment empowerment has a bad situation. In fact, the presence of the tourist, although beneficial in terms of employment and income, was not as effective in the field of investment (as a more radical variable).The lack of meaningful economic effects of tourism on the part of the local community is due to the fact that the villagers expected to receive direct and tangible income from tourism and less attention to its multiplier effects. In any case, social and cultural empowerment in both types of villages is at a higher level than economic empowerment.According to the results of the research, setting up and providing legal support for private sector investment in tourism development in the studied villages, Development of basic skills for employment in the tourism sector in cooperation with the technical and vocational organization with the aim of creating job opportunities and income generation, Training on entrepreneurial skills with a native-oriented approach, Teaching social and communication skills to communicate with tourists and influential institutions in tourism, Recognizing and introducing the attractions of rural tourism using mass media, social networks, Cyberspace and interaction with tourism agencies, supporting cultural and local patterns and values as the main capital for tourism development, Increasing the knowledge and knowledge about tourism and holding local and regional ceremonies and celebrations with a tourist attraction approach can deepen the tourism impacts of the study in the study area and lead to rural development.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• cultural empowerment
• economic empowerment
• social empowerment
• local society
• central district of Natanz